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CHAPTER 2

ORGANIZATION, ROLES AND TASKS

SECTION 1

GENERAL

2001. The Royal Medical and Dental Corps (RMDC) roles and tasks is to provide
efficient health support to the Mechanized Brigade. Therefore, as medical element
within the Mechanized Brigade, one must know the organization, roles and tasks of
the Mechanized Brigade as well as the RMDC organization, roles and tasks as well
as the organization and most important asset in the Mech Bde, The Armoured
Vehicle (A Veh)

SECTION 2

ROLES AND TASKS

2002. Role. The main role of Mech Bde are to destroy enemy in offensive, defensive
and other tactical operations either independently or part of a larger force.
Meanwhile the role of the Med Elm organic to the Bde is to provide HSS. The HSS
provided includes Level 1 services, from First Aid up to the set up of Company Aid
Post (CAP) and Regiment Aid Post (RAP). Meanwhile, with the support of elm from
Med Bn, the HSS provided could be up to level II with the st up a Fwd Hospital in the
Brigade Maintenance Area (BMA).

2003. Tasks. The tasks of the Mech Bde its combined arms, mobility, firepower,
communication and shock action to:

a. Conduct operations in all environments.

b. Accomplish rapid movement and penetrations.

c. Exploit success and pursue defeated enemy as part of a larger force.

d. Conduct security operations (advance, flank or rear guard) for a larger

force.

e. Conduct offensive operations.

f. Conduct defensive operations.

g. Conduct Operations Other Than War (OOTW).

2004. Therefore the RMDC Elm within the Mech Bde with the support of Med Bn
tasks are :

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a. Command and Control. To provide command and control, health

intelligence assessment and operational planning of all Med Bn subunits in
the field.
b. Emergency and Inpatients Care. To provide fwd hosp capable of
performing emergency surgery and treating 50 - 75 inpatient to each bde.

c. Casualty Evacuations. To provide four CEUs in support of a bde. To

provide appropriate advice to the higher commanders regarding air, land or
sea evacuation of cases to base hospital or civilian hospital.

d. Dental/Maxillofacial Surgery. To provide emergency dental and

maxillofacial surgical care at each fwd hosp.

e. Medical Support Services. To provide sufficient medical support services

to fwd hosp including pharmaceutical, laboratory and blood services, field
radiology, central sterilizing and material supply services, medical equipment
maintenance and forensic and mortuary services.

f. Medical Logistics. To provide Fwd Med Store Sect at BMA for medical
equipment and medication supply and resupply to forward units.

g. Preventative Medicine. To provide preventive medicine activities which

includes disease surveillance, advice on field hygiene and sanitation and
conduct water testing for all units within AOR.

h. Humanitarian Assistance. To provide medical assistance and advice to

the civilian organization or UN mission during occurrence of natural disasters
in peacetime.

SECTION 3

CHARACTERISTICS AND LIMITATION

2005. In order to uphold the competency in HSS support towards the Mech Bde. The
characteristics and limitation of its nature is to be taken into consideration.

2006. Characteristics. As a Mech Bde, the formation has the following

characteristics.

a. Combined Arms. The Mechanize Brigade has two mechanize battalions

and a tank regiment with the assistance of cavalry squadron and combat
support units from the, engineer squadron, signal squadron, artillery and the
combat service support units. The organisation can be tasked organised
which will enhance its capability as a combined arms force in the conventional
setting. As a balanced force, the Mechanize Brigade is suitable to be
deployed independently or as part of a larger force.

b. Self Contained. The Mechanize Brigade is organised with manoeuvre

units, combat support and combat service support units. This will enable the

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Mechanize Brigade to conduct its operations effectively in both offensive and

defensive operations.

c. Armoured Protection. The Mechanize Brigade is equipped with armoured

vehicles which provide limited protection to the personnel.

d. Mobility. The Mechanize Brigade can be deployed rapidly into the

battlefield within a short notice with its integral A and B vehicles.

e. Firepower. The volume of fire that can be generated from the Mechanize
Brigade including the tanks, IFV and artillery can be delivered accurately and
effectively onto the enemy’s position.

f. Communications. The SCR (Single Channel Radio) networks provide all

tactical communication requirements within the brigade. The tactical trunk
communications system will enhance the communications needs within the
Headquarters and to the other lateral and higher formation headquarters. The
cryptographic, communication and computer security measures and
instructions shall be provided within the brigade. The BMS provided in future
will enhance the C2 capability of the brigade.

g. Flexibility. The conduct of operations in modern war demands a high

degree of flexibility to enable pre-arranged plans to be altered to meet
changing situations and unexpected developments. The Mechanize Brigade
possesses reliable communications and physical mobility to enable its troops
to be concentrated rapidly and tactically at decisive places and times.

h. Logistics Supply and Administration. The Mechanize Brigade possesses

inherent logistics, supply and administration capability to sustain extended
range operations. Thorough logistics and administration are planned to meet
rapid changing situation as well as to cover large area of operation.

2007. Limitations. The Mech Bde also has limitation due to its nature and as
follows:

a. Restricted Manoeuvre. In jungle, steep and rugged terrain, significant

water obstacles and urbanised terrain.

b. Integral Air Defence. The Mechanised Brigade is not equipped with

organic EW and AD asset to defend itself against hostile air threats.

c. Operational Reach. The Mechanised Brigade possesses extended range

of operation capability but this reach is limited to the available indirect fire
support from either artillery or air.

d. High Demand of Logistics. Due to the design of the Mechanised Brigade

and its inherent capabilities, any operations require high volume of logistics
and maintenance making it dependent on logistics replenishment.

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SECTION 5

ORGANIZATION

2008. The organization of medical personnel and the A Veh organic to the Mech
Bde will be shown within this chapter. The thorough organizations of both the Mech
bde and Med Bn are respectively in MP 8.1.1 TD The Medical Battalion and MP
1.1.4 TD The Mechanised Brigade.

2008. The organization of medical personnel organic to the Mech Bde are as Figure
2.1 and Figure 2.2:

BDE HQ
     
CIV/EXPENSE ADMIN
 
                 
       
GENERAL ADMIN &
CAMP 4 WKSP BGD
STAFF LOG
                     
           
ADMIN RELIGION EDU
LOG CELL
CELL   CELL   CELL
   
   
PAY/SALARY
HEALTH CELL
CELL
Mej/Kapt Peg Perubatan 1
Pembantu
1
SSjn Perubatan
Kpl/ Kerani
1
Lkpl/Pbt (KPA-BK)

Figure 2.1. Medical Personnel in Bde HQ

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1006. Level I. This level involves all types of medical treatments or medical
interventions given at the unit level. It includes first aid (provided via Self Aid/Buddy
Aid/Combat Medics) or treatment received at Company Aid Post (CAP) and
Regimental Aid Post (RAP).

a. First Aid. This is a basic treatment given to an injured soldier by all

non-medical personnel. First aid techniques are thought continuously at unit
level and all soldiers are tested yearly on their proficiency. It emphasis on the
technique of stopping bleeding, maintaining airway, stabilising fracture and
preparing the casualty for evacuation in order to stabilise the casualty and
preventing further injury.

b. Company Aid Post. A CAP is established at the Coy HQ/Sqn HQ/Bty

HQ level. It is usually manned and operated by a RMDC paramedic and is
assisted by the Combat Medics or assigned stretcher-bearers. Some of its
roles are to provide medical management of minor illnesses, assist in casualty
collection and preparing casualty for evacuation to RAP. It also conducts
disease prevention and advises field hygiene as well as arranging and
providing medical replenishment for Combat Medics. Further medical
treatment and intervention will be provided at the RAP.

c. Regimental Aid Post. The RAP is established usually at the Bn or

RHQ. The RAP is headed by a Regimental Medical Officer (RMO) and is

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assisted by RMDC NCO and paramedics. At all time the RAP is augmented
by assigned Combats Medics and stretcher-bearers from the Regt. The RAP
is responsible to provide medical management, treatment of illnesses and
injuries including triaging, resuscitation, control and prevention of shock, and
preparation of casualty for safe evacuation to higher level of care or return to
duty. The RAP is also responsible for Combat Stress Management, disease
prevention and supervising field hygiene and sanitation at unit level. The RAP
also arranged for replenishment of medical supplies to CAP and Combat
Medics. Depending on the tactical situation, a Casualty Evacuation Unit (CEU)
from the rear Med Coy can also be attached to it to assist in the resuscitation
and evacuation of the injured and wounded at the RAP.

1007. Level II. Care at this level is provided by the Med Coy from the Div Med Bn. A
fwd hosp is usually established at the Brigade Maintenance Area (BMA). Its Casualty
Evacuation Element namely the CEU will provide casualty evacuation from RAP to
fwd hosp.

a. At the fwd hosp, a patient is triaged to determine the surgical

management priority and evacuation precedence. Patients who can Return To
Duty (RTD) within 1 to 3 days are held for treatment (depending on Theatre
Evacuation Policy). These patients will receive emergency medical or surgical
treatment necessary at this level. This unit has an organic Forward Surgical
Team (FST). The FST is capable in providing emergency or urgent life saving
surgery and pre/post operative nursing care for the critically wounded/injured
patient until the patient is sufficiently stable for evacuation to a fd hosp or
Regional Armed Forces Hospital (RAFH). Any forward deployment of the FST
will depends on the operational requirement. During peacetime the FST can
be attached to Armed Forces Hospital for optimum use and ensuring
continuous clinical training for its personnel. The fwd hosp is also capable in
handling blood storage and transfusions, x-ray and laboratory services,
patient-holding capability and operational dental care. The fwd hosp is also
responsible in providing Level I care to those units without organic medical
elements within its AOR.

b. Each Med Coy’s Casualty Evacuation Element has four CEUs. Each
CEU usually comprises three fd ambs and a ¾ tonne vehicle (e.g. Land Rover
GS Cargo) with cargo trailer. These CEUs with its en route medical care
capability provide the means of evacuation for patients within the CZ at Levels
of Care I through II. An Ambulance Exchange Point (AXP) may be created if a
long distance evacuation route is anticipated. The AXP will provide an area for
patient reassessment and will also shortened turn around time of the CEU in
long evacuation route. The AXP also will be created to facilitate transfer of
casualty from armoured ambulances to wheel ambulances from in-support
Med Coy. The CEU is also responsible for submitting request and
transportation of medical supply to in-support RAP. The CEU is also equipped
with communications system to enable it to maintain contact with supported
units. Evacuations can also be done using air assets when available.

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c. Level II care also includes preventive medicine capability involving

disease surveillance, field hygiene and sanitation supervisory activities. This
level will also provides medical logistics and resupply to forward HSS units.
The HQ Coy’s Hygiene Sect and Med Store Pl are responsible for these

1008. Level III. Level III Care will be provided by the fd hosp. The fd hosp is
established generally in the vicinity of the Divisional Maintenance Area (DMA) by the
Med Bn. It is usually formed when a RAFH or a designated General Hospital (GH) is
not available due to distance or tactical situation. Facilities provided at the fd hosp
are definitive surgery and treatment, full medical laboratory and blood bank services,
full X-ray support that may include Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computed
Tomography (CT) scan and full pharmaceutical support. Patients will either receive
definitive surgery and treatment or further stabilized and evacuated to higher level of
care for rehabilitation (convalescing or RTD). Similar to fwd hosp establishment, this
facility is also required to provide basic medical treatment to units within it AOR as
well as providing preventative medicine activities, medical logistic and resupply to
the medical element at Level II and also other units operating within its AOR. These
function are performed by the HQ Coy of the Med Bn through it Med Store Pl.

1009. Level IV. This is the RAFH or the Base Armed Forces Hospital (BAFH), or a
designated Ministry of Health Hospital in the Comm Z. Definitive treatment proceeds
with a greater degree of deliberation and preparation for complete preservation of
limb and recovery of functions.

SECTION 4

SUMMARY

1010. The mission of the RMDC is to conserve the Mechanized Brigade fighting
strength. It accomplishes this mission by implementing a robust, effective and
efficient HSS. The HSS system is built upon the principles of war and conforms to
the Army plan generally and specifically towards the Mechanized Brigade. The HSS
system can be divided into four levels of care that can extend from the battlefield to
the base hospital. Through the HSS system casualties are provided seamless health
care from the initial point of injury through successive levels of health care to a
facility that can provide definitive or rehabilitative care specific only to his injury.

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