8 Transport in Plants: Solutions

Chapter 8
Transport in Plants
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. Diffusion is a ______process and is not dependent on _______.

(1) Slow, gradient of concentration (2) Slow, living system
(3) Rapid, temperature (4) Rapid, pressure
Sol. Answer (2)
As it does not require any carrier protein
2. Diffusion rates are affected by

(1) Pressure (2) Temperature (3) Concentration gradient (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Factors affecting diffusion Pressure, temperature, concentration gradient, density etc.
3. Gaseous movement into and out of the plants occurs indirectly through
(1) Osmosis (2) Diffusion (3) Transpiration (4) Imbibition
Sol. Answer (2)
Diffusion is the only means of gaseous exchange.
4. Which of the following process requires membrane proteins?

(1) Simple diffusion (2) Imbibition
(3) Facilitated diffusion (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (3)
Facilitated diffusion involves protein channels.
5. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. facilitated diffusion

(1) Highly selective (2) Uphill transport
(3) Requires special membrane proteins (4) Transport saturates
Sol. Answer (2)
Facilitated diffusion is along concentration gradient i.e. downhill
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Solution of Assignment Transport in Plants 89
6. A cell when immersed in a solution, increases in volume, so the external solution is
(1) Hypertonic (2) Isotonic
(3) Hypotonic (4) Either hypertonic or hypotonic
Sol. Answer (3)
High concentration of water as a result endo-osmosis occurs, water moves from external medium into the cell
as a result volume of cell increases.
7. A cell is placed in 0.4 M solution of sugar and no change in volume of cell is found. What is the concentration
of the cell sap?
(1) 40 M (2) 4 M (3) 0.4 M (4) 0.20 M
Sol. Answer (3)
If there is no change in volume of cell then it means solution must be isotonic i.e., of same concentration
to cell sap.
8. Select the odd one out w.r.t. porins

(1) Not associated with the inner membrane of plastids
(2) Associated with the outer membrane of mitochondria
(3) Found in outer membrane of gram positive bacteria
(4) Allow movement of low molecular weight hydrophilic substances.
Sol. Answer (3)
Found in outer membrane of gram negative bacteria.
9. In antiport,
(1) Two molecules are transported in same direction across the membrane
(2) Only one molecule is transported across the membrane
(3) Two molecules are moved in opposite directions across the membrane
(4) No transport occurs
Sol. Answer (3)
If same direction  Symport. If occurs only in one direction  Uniport
10. In active transport

(1) Energy is required (2) Membrane proteins are involved
(3) Pumps are present (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
i.e., Energy is required in the form of ATP
Membrane proteins are involved
Pumps are present
11. A plant cell if placed in distilled water will

(1) Shrink (2) Swell up
(3) Not change its shape or size (4) Burst immediately
Sol. Answer (2)
Because concentration of water molecules will be high in distilled water as compared to cell as a result endo
osmosis will occur – leading to increase in volume and swelling of cell.
90 Transport in Plants Solution of Assignment
12. Doors made up of wood, swell up in rainy season due to

(1) Transpiration (2) Imbibition (3) Exosmosis (4) Guttation
Sol. Answer (2)
 As the phycocolloids present in wood will absorb the moisture and increase in volume.
 While Transpiration : Loss of water in the form of water vapour.
 Exosmosis : Movement of water molecules out of the cell.
 Guttation : Loss of water in the form of droplets.
13. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. imbibition

(1) It is diffusion process
(2) Affinity between the adsorbent and the liquid is not a pre-requisite
(3) It involves both capillary action and adsorption
(4) Phycocolloids are best imbibants
Sol. Answer (2)
Affinity between adsorbent and the liquid is a pre-requisite i.e., contact must be there.
14. Concentration of water molecules in a system determines

(1) Uphill transport rate (2) Number of carrier proteins
(3) Water potential of the system (4) Membrane permeability
Sol. Answer (3)
Water potential is kinetic energy of the water molecules.
15. Osmotic potential is

(1) Positive (2) Negative (3) Always zero (4) Greater than one
Sol. Answer (2)
s (osmotic potential) is always negative for a solution.
16. When solute potential increases then water potential would

(1) Increase (2) Decrease
(3) Remain same (4) First increase then decrease
Sol. Answer (1)
At atmosphere pressure p = 0
 w = s +p
w = s + 0
 w = s
If is directly proportional.
17. The hydrostatic pressure which develops due to entry of water into a plant cell is
(1) Positive (2) Negative (3) Zero (4) Undetermined
Sol. Answer (1)
Turgor pressure is positive for a system.
18. For a solution at atmospheric pressure, w is equivalent to

(1) p (2) s (3) Zero (4) TP
Sol. Answer (2)
At atmospheric pressure ( p= 0)
 s = s + p
w = s + 0
 w = s
19. When a cell is placed in a solution whose osmotic concentration is equal to cell sap then
(1) Water moves inside the cell (2) Water moves outside the cell
(3) No net movement of water occurs (4) Cell will be plasmolysed
Sol. Answer (3)
Concentration inside cell and outside cell is same.
20. What would be p of cell sap in cell-A and cell-B respectively?

Cell-A Cell-B
w = –900 kPa w = –600 kPa
s = –1200 kPa s = –1000 kPa
(1) 300, 400 kPa (2) –300, –400 kPa (3) –1100, –1600 kPa (4) 900, 600 kPa
Sol. Answer (1)
Cell-A Cell-B
w = –900 kPa w = –600 kPa
 s = –1200 kPa  s = –1000 kPa
w = s + p w = s + p
 p = w – s   p = w – s
= –900 – (–1200) = –600 – (–1000)
= –900 + 1200 = –600 + 1000)
p = + 300 kPa p = 400 kPa
21. Turgor pressure is the

(1) Positive pressure (2) Negative pressure
(3) Atmospheric pressure (4) Imbibition pressure
Sol. Answer (1)
TP is exerted by the cell on to the external environment.
22. Plant seeds when sown in soil, germinate and come out of it; due to
(1) Turgor pressure (2) Imbibition pressure
(3) Osmotic pressure (4) Atmospheric pressure
Sol. Answer (2)
As seed absorbs moisture it exerts pressure and seed coat breaks.
23. In mass flow, various substances move independently according to their

(1) Size (2) Concentration gradient (3) Root pressure (4) Carrier proteins
Sol. Answer (2)
In mass flow various substances move from high concentration to low concentration according to the
concentration gradient and pressure gradient.
24. In mycorrhiza, fungal filaments help in

(1) Water absorption (2) Food translocation
(3) Developing tension in xylem (4) Development of root pressure
Sol. Answer (1)
In mycorrhiza fungal filaments increase the surface area for water absorption.
25. Non-living components of xylem tissues are involved in

(1) Symplast pathway (2) Apoplast pathway (3) Osmosis (4) Active transport
Sol. Answer (2)
Apoplastic pathway is also known as dead channel as it involves all the dead components.
26. Water reaches xylem from root hairs by

(1) Apoplast pathway (2) Symplast pathway (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) Imbibition
Sol. Answer (3)
Both Apoplast and symplast pathway. Apoplast occurs via cell wall and intercellular spaces and symplast
via plasmodesmata and cell membrane.
27. Symplast pathway of water in plants is not related to

(1) Vacuolar path (2) Cytoplasm (3) Plasmodesmata (4) Cell wall
Sol. Answer (4)
Because cell wall is dead component while symplastic pathway is living channel i.e., it comprises living
components only.
28. Guttation happens due to the development of

(1) Negative hydrostatic pressure in xylem (2) Positive hydrostatic pressure in xylem
(3) Intense transpiration pull (4) Low root pressure
Sol. Answer (2)
Due to excessive absorption of solute and water in xylem via root there is push force developing in xylem
which results in Guttation.
29. Hydathodes help in

(1) Bleeding (2) Guttation
(3) Protection against grazing (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (2)
They are broad opening of vein endings which help in excudation of solutes along with water which is known
as Guttation.
30. Select an incorrect statement

(1) Guard cells are dumb-bell shaped in monocots
(2) Inner wall of the guard cell is thin and elastic in dicots
(3) Cellulosic microfibrils are arranged radially in guard cells
(4) Guard cells are surrounded by subsidiary cells
Sol. Answer (2)
Inner wall of guard cells is thick, outer wall is thin and elastic.
31. The outer wall of guard cell in sunflower is
(1) Thin and elastic (2) Thick and elastic (3) Thin and inelastic (4) Thick and inelastic
Sol. Answer (1)
Sunflower is dicot plant.
32. Stomata when open lead to

(1) Exchange of gases (2) Evaporation of water
(3) Uptake of carbon dioxide (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
i.e., – Exchange of gases
– Evaporation of water
– Uptake of CO2
33. Rate of transpiration is increased by

(1) Sunlight (2) Darkness (3) High humidity (4) High speed winds
Sol. Answer (1)
Rest all cause the closing of stomata thus, transpiration rate decreases.
34. Water is mainly transported to shoot tips by the help of

(1) Capillarity (2) Root pressure (3) Transpiration pull (4) Canopy structure
Sol. Answer (3)
Transpiration pull is mainly responsible for ascent of sap.
35. Xylem helps in translocation of

(1) Some hormones (2) Water and mineral salts
(3) Amides (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (4)
i.e.  Water and minerals
 Some hormones
 Amides
36. The water rises in straw due to suction, it is due to

(1) Positive hydrostatic pressure (2) Negative hydrostatic pressure
(3) Zero hydrostatic pressure (4) Diffusion pressure
Sol. Answer (2)
Suction through straw creates a pull which is equivalent to transpiration pull.
37. Transport proteins of _________are control points, where a plant adjusts the quantity and types of solutes that
reach the xylem
(1) Hypodermis (2) Endodermis (3) Pith (4) Pericycle
Sol. Answer (2)
Endodermis of root has a band of casparian strip which is of suberin, thus blocks the apoplastic pathway
by making the space impermeable. lt acts as check point or barrier, So that, every molecule must pass
through living membrane which is selective before reaching to xylem.
38. The casparian strips of root endodermis is made up of

(1) Suberin (2) Cellulose (3) Chitin (4) Keratin
Sol. Answer (1)
Plasmodesmata Plasma membrane Casparian strip (Suberin)
Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Pericycle
Xylem
= apoplast
= symplast
39. Ions are absorbed from the soil by

(1) Passive transport (2) Active transport (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) Imbibition
Sol. Answer (3)
i.e., Passive transport Active transport
Along concentration Uphill or against

gradient and no concentration gradient
expense of energy with expense of energy
40. Remobilised minerals become available to

(1) Chlorotic leaves (2) Dried leaves (3) Young leaves (4) Older parts of plant
Sol. Answer (3)
Major sink of mineral elements is young and growing organs.
41. An analysis of the xylem exudates shows that much of the nitrogen travels as
(1) Inorganic ions (2) Nitrate and nitrites
(3) Organic form i.e., amino acids and amides (4) Molecular nitrogen
Sol. Answer (3)
Much of nitrogen travels through xylem as organic compounds.
42. A plant organ having high concentration of food, will serve as a

(1) Source (2) Sink (3) Conducting tissue (4) Plasmodesmata
Sol. Answer (1)
Source  During translocation of food in phloem.
43. Sucrose moves into sieve tube elements by

(1) Diffusion (2) Endosmosis (3) Active transport (4) Exosmosis
Sol. Answer (3)
Because phloem loading as well as unloading both require energy therefore it is an active transport.
44. Translocation of photosynthates occur in the form of
(1) Sucrose (2) Starch (3) Glucose (4) 3 PGA
Sol. Answer (1)

Because sucrose is non-reducing sugar.
i.e., less reactive and more stable therefore this form of disaccharides sugar is used to be transported.
45. Find odd one w.r.t. chief sink for mineral elements.
(1) Apical and lateral meristem (2) Young leaves
(3) Fruits and seeds (4) Mature or older leaves
Sol. Answer (4)

Sink are the plant parts where concentration of food is low, requirement is very high.
So, Apical and lateral meristem, young leaves and fruits and seeds are growing parts of plants.
These regions require food, therefore they serve as sink while mature and old leaves are about to fall, they
don’t require high food as their metabolic rate decreases.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. Identify the means of transport represented below and the structure marked as A
Transported
molecule
Membrane Membrane
(1) Simple diffusion; A – Transport protein (2) Facilitated diffusion; A–Transport protein
(3) Facilitated diffusion; A–Transport pumps (4) Active transport; A–Transport pumps
Sol. Answer (2)

As movement occurs along the concentration gradient therefore It must be diffusion but as it is requiring
protein. therefore it is facilitated diffusion.
High Low
concentration concentration
Membrane
2. Facilitated diffusion is characterized by all, except

(1) Requirement of membrane proteins (2) Uphill transport
(3) No requirement of energy (4) Highly selective nature
Sol. Answer (2)
In facilitated diffusion movement occurs down the concentration gradient i.e., along concentration gradient (from
high to low) therefore Down hill
3. Which is not true regarding active water absorption?

(1) Require energy (2) Occurs only when transpiration is slow
(3) Living cells are essential (4) Force develops in shoot
Sol. Answer (4)
Force develops in shoot when water and solute enter root possively, accumulate and create a positive
hydrostatic pressure or push.
4. A perfect partition between osmotically active system and pure water in physical conditions can be formed
by a
(1) Semipermeable membrane (2) Selective permeable membrane
(3) Impermeable membrane (4) Freely permeable membrane
Sol. Answer (1)
A membrane that is impermeable to solute molecules but it permeable to water is called semipermeable
membrane.
5. Water channels are

(1) Made up of eight similar types of aquaporins (2) Involved in active transport
(3) Involved in facilitated diffusion (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (3)
Aquaporins made up of eight different types of aquaporins and are involved is facilitated diffusion.
6. As a result of endosmosis, w of cell

(1) Increases (2) Decreases (3) Remains same (4) Become zero
Sol. Answer (1)
Endosmosis means influx or inward movement of water into cell which increase in concentration of water
molecules, and w is K.E. of molecules of water. So, more concentration of water = more w .
7. Which of the following equation is wrong?

(1) s = –  (2) DPD = – OP + TP (3) w = s + p (4) w = –DPD
Sol. Answer (2)
DPD = OP – TP
8. Correct expression for water potential of plasmolysed cell will be

(1) w = s (2) s = p (3) w = 0 (4) w = s + (– p )
Sol. Answer (4)
In a plasmolysed cell, Turgor pressure will be negative.
TP = p = –ve
Therefore the relatioship w = s+ p in the case p is negative becomes
w = s+ (–p)
9. When a cell is fully turgid, which of the following will be zero?
(1) Osmotic pressure (2) Turgor pressure (3) Wall pressure (4) Suction pressure
Sol. Answer (4)
Suction pressure is DPD.
10. A hypothetical arrangement of plant cells (A, B, C, and D) is given below
A DPD = 5 atm DPD = 3 atm B
C DPD = 4 atm DPD = 2 atm D
Find the correct sequence of movement of water using the given values
(1) D  B  C  A (2) A  C  B  D (3) D  B  A  C (4) D  A  C  B
Sol. Answer (1)
Since, water moves from low DPD to high DPD.
D B C A
DPD = 2 DPD = 3 DPD = 4 DPD = 5
11. Find correct pathway of movement of water in given presentation of cells.
X s = –10 bar
p = 5 bar
s = –15 bar s = –7 bar

Y  = 10 bar  = 1 bar Z
p p
X X X X
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Y Z Y Z Y Z Y Z
Sol. Answer (2)
for X s = –10 bar w = s +p
p = 5 bar w = –10 + 5
= –5
Y s = –15 bar w = s +p
p = 10 bar w = –15 + 10
= –5
Z s = –7 bar w = s +p
p = 1 bar w = –7 + 1
= –6
Since, –5 is greater than –6
 there will be an equilibrium between X and Y
X Y
and flow of water will be from X and Y to Z
X
Y Z
12. Which is a correct order (w.r.t. imbibing capacity in decreasing order)?

(1) Agar-agar > Pectin > Proteins > Starch > Cellulose
(2) Agar-agar > Protein > Pectin > Cellulose > Starch
(3) Proteins > Agar-agar > Pectin > Starch > Cellulose
(4) Agar-agar > Starch > Protein > Cellulose > Pectin
Sol. Answer (1)
Hydrocolloids have very high capacity of imbitition.
13. Which is not a characteristic of imbibition?

(1) It is a reversible phenomenon
(2) Heat is generated
(3) Involves both capillarity and adsorption
(4) It is a property of hydrophobic and lyophobic colloids
Sol. Answer (4)
It is a property of hydrophillic and lyophillic colloids.
14. Phenomenon not associated with root pressure is

(1) Sap exudation (2) Bleeding (3) Guttation (4) Transpiration
Sol. Answer (4)
It is related with cohesion-adhesion and surface tension mediated pull mechanism.
15. Which is not true for root pressure?

(1) Positive hydrostatic pressure
(2) Maximum during the day and minimum during night
(3) Magnitude is 1-2 bars
(4) Develops due to metabolic activity of roots
Sol. Answer (2)
It is maximum during night due to reduction in transpirational rate and minimum during day due to high
transpiration.
16. Phenomenon of guttation

(1) Is regulated by Cohesion-Tension (2) Is due to active solute accumulation by phloem
(3) Takes place to release excessive solutes (4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (3)
Which are accumulated due to passive absorption by root in xylem and create positive hydrostatic pressure.
17. Which of the following statement for hydathodes is correct?

(1) Opens to release excessive pure water from leaves
(2) Contains a loosely arranged parenchyma called epithem
(3) These are found at the tips of the veins in leaves
(4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (4)
18. In a stomatal apparatus, cellulosic microfibrils are oriented
(1) Longitudinally on subsidiary cells (2) Radially in the cell walls of guard cells
(3) Radially and longitudinally in wall of guard cells (4) Longitudinally on both guard cells
Sol. Answer (2)
Orientation of cellulose microfibrils are responsible for opening of stomata.
19. According to potassium pump theory of Levitt

(1) Starch is incompletely oxidized to PEP during night
(2) Malic acid dissociates into malate ion and protons in the subsidiary cells
(3) Movement of H+ ions from guard cell to subsidiary cell is active
(4) Potassium malate decreases the OP of guard cells during day
Sol. Answer (3)
 Starch is incompletely oxidised to PEP during day.
 Malic acid dissociates into malate ion and protons in the Guard cells.
 Potassium malate increases the osmotic potential of the guard cell during day.
20. A. In dry atmosphere, the relative humidity is low, so the rate of transpiration increases
B. Slow breeze promotes the rate of transpiration
C. ABA promotes transpiration
D. A high salt concentration in soil water increases transpiration
(1) C and D are correct (2) B and C are correct (3) A and C are correct (4) A and B are correct
Sol. Answer (4)
 In dry atmosphere, the relative humidity is low, So the rate of transpiration increases.
 Slow breeze promotes the rate of transpiration.
 ABA inhibits transpiration by closing stomata therefore it is also known as stress hormone.
 A high salt concentration in soil water will decrease transpiration.
21. The conditions under which transpiration would be most rapid are
(1) Excess of water in soil
(2) Low humidity, high temperature, turgid guard cells and moist soil
(3) Low velocity of wind
(4) High humidity
Sol. Answer (2)
High temperature and low humidity are responsible for high transpiration.
22. A. Most researchers agree that water is mainly ‘pulled’ upward through the plant, where transpiration is the
driving force.
B. Less than one percent of water reaching the leaves is used in plant growth and photosynthesis.
C. Cobalt chloride paper turns blue on absorbing water.
(1) All are correct (2) Only C is incorrect (3) Only B is incorrect (4) Only A is correct
Sol. Answer (2)
Cobalt chloride paper (initially blue) turns to pink colour on absorbing water.
23. During stomatal opening (photoactive) which does not occur?

(1) Increase in pH of guard cells (2) Hydrolysis of starch in guard cells
(3) Increased TP of subsidiary cells (4) Dissociation of malic acid in guard cells
Sol. Answer (3)
Does not occur
Rest all occur
 Increase in pH of guard cell due to dissociation of malic acid into malate ions and H+ ions.
 Hydrolysis of starch in guard cell into PEP.
 Dissociation of malic acid in guard cell
Mailc acid Malate ions + H+
24. Select incorrect statement w.r.t. translocation of mineral ions.

(1) The chief sinks for the mineral elements are the apical and lateral meristems.
(2) Most readily mobilised elements are N, P, K.
(3) Most of the nitrogen travels as inorganic ions through xylem.
(4) Small amount of P and S are carried as organic compounds through xylem.
Sol. Answer (3)
Nitrogen travels as organic nitrogen in the form of amino acids, hormones amides etc.
25.  Transport of water and minerals in Xylem, is A .
 Transport of organic and mineral nutrients is B .

(1) A – Unidirectional, B – Unidirectional (2) A – Multidirectional, B – Multidirectional
(3) A – Multidirectional, B – Unidirectional (4) A – Unidirectional, B – Multidirectional
Sol. Answer (4)
A – Unidirectional i.e., from roots to leaves or tips
B – Multidirectional because source and sink are variable.
26. According to the pressure flow hypothesis

A. Phloem loading produces a hypertonic condition in the sieve tubes.
B. Water potential gradient facilitates the mass movement in the phloem.
C. Phloem unloading is a passive process.
(1) A & B are incorrect (2) B & C are incorrect (3) A & B are correct (4) A & C are correct
Sol. Answer (3)
Phloem loading as well as unloading is an active process.
27. Although a girdled (upto bast) tree may survive for sometime, but it will eventually die because
(1) Water will not move upward
(2) Water will not move downward
(3) Sugars and other organic solutes will not move downward
(4) Sugars and other organic solutes will not move upward
Sol. Answer (3)
Because phloem is responsible for translocation of food and if it is removed the food prepared in leaves (up)
will not be transported to roots (down). Roots will eventually die.
28. Phloem loading and unloading process are respectively
(1) Active, Passive (2) Passive, Active (3) Active, Active (4) Passive, Passive
Sol. Answer (3)
Both loading i.e., movement of sugar from mesophyll cells to sieve elements of phloem require energy as
well as unloading i.e., movement of sugar from sieve element to other part of plant requiring food also require
energy.
29. Incorrect statement in relation to stomatal apparatus is

(1) Cellulose microfibrils are arranged longitudinally to axis of stomata
(2) Subsidiary cells are located as modified epidermal cells
(3) Guard cells may be ellipsoidal in monocots
(4) Inner walls of guard cells are thick and elastic
Sol. Answer (1)
They are arranged radially.
Cellulosic Microfibrils
Guard cell
Stomatal
aperture
30. A. Much of nitrogen in xylem sap is carried in organic form.

B. In phloem, movement of nutrients is always unidirectional.
(1) Only A is correct (2) Only B is correct
(3) Both A & B are correct (4) Both A & B are incorrect
Sol. Answer (1)
 Much of nitrogen is xylem sap is carried in organic form.
 In phloem, movement of nutrients is multidirection as the position of source and sink is variable.
SECTION - C
Previous Year Questions
1. Water vapour comes out from the plant leaf through the stomatal opening. Through the same stomatal opening
carbon dioxide diffuses into the plant during photosynthesis. Reason out the above statements using one of
following options [NEET-2016]
(1) One process occurs during day time, and the other at night
(2) Both processes cannot happen simultaneously
(3) Both processes can happen together because the diffusion coefficient of water and CO2 is different
(4) The above processes happen only during night time
Sol. Answer (3)
Diffusion of water vapour and CO2 are independent process. Their diffusion depends on the difference in their
partial pressure.
2. Root pressure develops due to

(1) Increase in transpiration (2) Active absorption
(3) Low osmotic potential in soil (4) Passive absorption
Sol. Answer (2)
As various ions from the soil are actively transported into the vascular tissues of the roots, water follows and
increases the pressure inside the xylem i.e., root pressure (positive pressure).
3. A column of water within xylem vessels of tall trees does not break under its weight because of
[Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) Positive root pressure (2) Dissolved sugar in water
(3) Tensile strength of water (4) Lignification of xylem vessels
Sol. Answer (3)
The column of water within Xylem vessel of tall trees does not break under its weight due to high tensile
strength of water. Tensile strength is the ability to resist pulling forces.
4. Transpiration and root pressure cause water to rise in plants by [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Pushing and pulling it, respectively (2) Pulling it upward
(3) Pulling and pushing it, respectively (4) Pushing it upward
Sol. Answer (3)
5. In a ring girdled plant [AIPMT-2015]

(1) Neither root nor shoot will die (2) The shoot dies first
(3) The root dies first (4) The shoot and root die together
Sol. Answer (3)
6. Which one gives the most valid and recent explanation for stomatal movements? [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Guard cell photosynthesis (2) Transpiration
(3) Potassium influx and efflux (4) Starch hydrolysis
Sol. Answer (3)
7. Which of the following criteria does not pertain to facilitated transport? [NEET-2013]
(1) High selectivity (2) Transport saturation
(3) Uphill transport (4) Requirement of special membrane proteins
Sol. Answer (3)
Because in facilitated transport molecules move from its high concentration to low concentration i.e., along
concentration or Downhill movment.
8. Lenticels are involved in [NEET-2013]

(1) Gaseous exchange (2) Food transport (3) Photosynthesis (4) Transpiration
Sol. Answer (1)
9. Guttation is the result of [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]

(1) Osmosis (2) Root pressure (3) Diffusion (4) Transpiration
Sol. Answer (2)

Due to passive absorption of solute and solvent, there in accumulation of molecules which creates a positive
hydrostatic pressure in roots.
10. Which one of the following structures between two adjacent cells is an effective transport pathway?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) Plasmalemma (2) Plasmodesmata (3) Plastoquinones (4) Endoplasmic reticulum
Sol. Answer (2)
11. Given below is the diagram of a stomatal apparatus. In which of the following all the four parts labelled as A, B,
C and D are correctly identified?
A
B
C
D
[AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) A – Subsidiary cell (2) A – Guard cell
B – Epidermal cell B – Stomatal aperture
C – Guard cell C – Subsidiary cell
D – Stomatal aperture D – Epidermal cell
(3) A – Epidermal cell (4) A – Epidermal cell
B – Guard cell B – Subsidiary cell
C – Stomatal aperture C – Stomatal aperture
D – Subsidiary cell D – Guard cell
Sol. Answer (4)
A - Epidermal cell ; B - Subsidiary cell ; C - Stomatal aperture, D - Guard cell.
12. Guard cells help in: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

(1) Transpiration (2) Guttation
(3) Fighting against infection (4) Protection against grazing
Sol. Answer (1)
Transpiration occurs due to opening of guard cell.
13. The rupture and fractionation do not usually occur in the water column in vessel/tracheids during the ascent
of sap because of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) Transpiration pull (2) Lignified thick walls
(3) Cohesion and adhesion (4) Weak gravitational pull
Sol. Answer (3)
Cohesion between water molecules.
Adhesion between water molecules and Lignocellulosic walls of xylem.
14. Two cells A and B are contiguous. Cell A has osmotic pressure 10 atm, turgor pressure - 7atm and diffusion
pressure deficit 3 atm. Cell B has osmotic pressure 8 atm, turgor pressure 3 atm and diffusion pressure deficit 5
atm. The result will be: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) Movement of water of Cell A to B (2) Movement of water from Cell B to A
(3) No movement of water (4) Equilibrium between the two
Sol. Answer (1)
15. The translocation of organic solutes in sieve tube members is supported by : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Root pressure and transpiration pull (2) P-proteins
(3) Mass flow involving a carrier and ATP (4) Cytoplasmic streaming
Sol. Answer (3)
16. Potometer works on the principle of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Amount of water absorbed equals the amount transpired
(2) Osmotic pressure
(3) Root pressure
(4) Potential difference between the tip of the tube and that of the plant
Sol. Answer (1)
17. When water enters in roots due to diffusion, it is termed as
(1) Osmosis (2) Passive absorption (3) Endocytosis (4) Active absorption
Sol. Answer (2)
As it does not require energy.
18. When water moves through a semipermeable membrane then which of the following pressure develops?
(1) Osmotic pressure (2) Suction pressure (3) Turgor pressure (4) Wall pressure
Sol. Answer (3)
Because it develops when volume increases and cell wall exerts a pressure.
19. When a cell is fully turgid, which of the following will be zero?
(1) Turgor pressure (2) Water potential (3) Wall pressure (4) Osmotic pressure
Sol. Answer (2)
Because in fully turgid cell DPD will be 0.
20. With an increase in the turgidity of a cell, the wall pressure will
(1) Fluctuate (2) Remain unchanged (3) Increase (4) Decrease
Sol. Answer (3)
Because increase in turgidity means increase in volume of cell which will put a pressure of walls of cell which
is Turgor pressure.
21. The water potential and osmotic potential of pure water are
(1) 100 and 200 (2) Zero and 100 (3) 100 and zero (4) Zero and zero
Sol. Answer (4)
w and s = Zero
22. Stomatal opening is affected by
(1) Nitrogen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and light
(2) Carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and light
(3) Nitrogen concentration, light and temperature
(4) Carbon dioxide concentration, nitrogen concentration and temperature
Sol. Answer (2)
CO2 ; temperature and light  Factors affecting stomatal opening.
23. Which of the following statements is not true for stomatal apparatus?
(1) Inner walls of guard cells are thick
(2) Guard cells invariably possess chloroplasts and mitochondria
(3) Guard cells are always surrounded by subsidiary cells
(4) Stomata are involved in gaseous exchange
Sol. Answer (3)
Subsidiary cells are absent in stomata of Cucurbita, Ranunculus etc. [Anomocytic]
24. Opening and closing of stomata is due to the

(1) Hormonal change in guard cells (2) Change in turgor pressure of guard cells
(3) Gaseous exchange (4) Respiration
Sol. Answer (2)
 They are also called turgor operated values.
When guard cells are fully turgid  Stomata opens
When guard cells are flaccid  Stomata closes
Flaccid guard cell
Fully turgid
guard cell
Stomata open Stomata close
25. Stomata of a plant open due to

(1) Influx of potassium ions (2) Eflux of potassium ions
(3) Influx of hydrogen ions (4) Influx of calcium ions
Sol. Answer (1)
Because it increases solute concentration of guard cell as a results endosmosis occur and guard cell become
turgid and stomata opens.
26. Stomata of CAM plants

(1) Are always open (2) Open during the day and close at night
(3) Open during the night and close during the day (4) Never open
Sol. Answer (3)
Scotoactive stomata to reduce water loss during day.
27. Potometer works on the principle of

(1) Osmotic pressure
(2) Amount of water absorbed equals the amount transpired
(3) Root pressure
(4) Potential difference between the tip of the tube and that of the plant
Sol. Answer (2)
It is a device to measure rate of transpiration.
28. Glycolate induces opening of stomata in

(1) Presence of oxygen (2) Low CO2 concentration
(3) High CO2 (4) CO2 absent
Sol. Answer (2)
Because at low CO2 concentration, RubisCo will accept O2 and perform photorespiration whose first stable
product is glycolate.
This glycolate will accumulate and increase solute concentration of plant cell, due to endosmosis guard cell
will become turgid and stomata will open.
29. Which of the following get accumulated in the vacuoles of guard cells during stomatal opening?
(1) Water, calcium and magnesium (2) Starch, potassium and chloride ions
(3) Malate, sodium and potassium ions (4) Malate, potassium and chloride ions
Sol. Answer (4)
OP of guard cell increases due to malate ions, K+ and Cl– ions.
30. The movement of water, from one cell of cortex to adjacent one in roots, is due to
(1) Accumulation of inorganic salts in the cells (2) Accumulation of organic compounds in the cells
(3) Water potential gradient (4) Matrix potential gradient
Sol. Answer (3)
High w to low w
31. Which of the following is the most accepted theory for movement of water through plants?
(1) Cohesion tension theory (2) Capillarity
(3) Imbibition theory (4) Root pressure
Sol. Answer (1)
Also termed as transpirational pull theory.
32. The translocation of organic solutes in sieve tube members is supported by

(1) Cytoplasmic streaming (2) Root pressure and transpiration pull
(3) P-proteins (4) Mass flow involving a carrier and ATP
Sol. Answer (4)
Mass flow hypothesis explains translocation of solute in phloem.
33. Loading of phloem is related to

(1) Increase of sugar in phloem (2) Elongation of phloem cell
(3) Separation of phloem parenchyma (4) Strengthening of phloem fiber
Sol. Answer (1)
By transferring sugar from mesophyll cells to sieve tube elements of phloem.
34. Bidirectional translocation of solutes takes place in

(1) Parenchyma (2) Cambium (3) Xylem (4) Phloem
Sol. Answer (4)
Phloem transport is bidirectional.
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : Xerophytes have high water retaining capacity.
R : They have high OP.
Sol. Answer (1)
Xerophytes grow in water deficient soils.
2. A : There is indirect relationship between rate of respiration and water absorption.

R : Increased metabolism increases mineral uptake.
Sol. Answer (1)
Mineral uptake is an active process.
3. A : Root pressure is dynamic and is always a positive hydrostatic pressure.
R : It is a universal phenomenon and develops under absorption lag.
Sol. Answer (3)
Because due to accumulation of solute due to passive absorption a push force is created.
4. A : Stomata have delegated the task of providing food while preventing thirst.
R : They are made for gaseous exchange.
Sol. Answer (2)
5. A : During stomatal opening there is relative change in TP of guard cell and subsidiary cell.
R : TP of subsidiary cell decreases during opening and that of guard cells increase.
Sol. Answer (1)
Water enter guard cells from subsidiary cells.
6. A : Pumps are proteins that use energy to transport substances.
R : Pumps are highly specific like enzymes.
Sol. Answer (2)
Because they transport molecules against the concentration gradient.
7. A : Endodermis onwards movement of water occurs through living part of cell.
R : Inner boundary of cortex possess impermeable band of lignified matrix.
Sol. Answer (3)
Because endodermis possess impermeable band of suberised matrix.
8. A : Water is transient in plant.
R : More than 1 percent of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth.
Sol. Answer (3)
Less than 1% of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth.
9. A : The translocation in phloem is bidirectional.
R : The source and sink relationship is variable.
Sol. Answer (1)
Source – Production center
Sink – Consumption center
10. A : Most minerals must enter the root by active absorption into the cytoplasm of epidermal cells.
R : Minerals are present in the soil as charged particles.
Sol. Answer (1)
Plasma membrane is impermeable to charged ions.


8 Transport in Plants: Solutions

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8 Transport in Plants: Solutions

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Chapter 8

1. Diffusion is a ______process and is not dependent on _______.

2. Diffusion rates are affected by

4. Which of the following process requires membrane proteins?

5. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. facilitated diffusion

8. Select the odd one out w.r.t. porins

10. In active transport

11. A plant cell if placed in distilled water will

12. Doors made up of wood, swell up in rainy season due to

13. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. imbibition

14. Concentration of water molecules in a system determines

15. Osmotic potential is

16. When solute potential increases then water potential would

18. For a solution at atmospheric pressure, w is equivalent to

20. What would be p of cell sap in cell-A and cell-B respectively?

w = –900 kPa w = –600 kPa

s = –1200 kPa s = –1000 kPa

21. Turgor pressure is the

23. In mass flow, various substances move independently according to their

24. In mycorrhiza, fungal filaments help in

25. Non-living components of xylem tissues are involved in

26. Water reaches xylem from root hairs by

27. Symplast pathway of water in plants is not related to

28. Guttation happens due to the development of

29. Hydathodes help in

30. Select an incorrect statement

32. Stomata when open lead to

33. Rate of transpiration is increased by

34. Water is mainly transported to shoot tips by the help of

35. Xylem helps in translocation of

36. The water rises in straw due to suction, it is due to

38. The casparian strips of root endodermis is made up of

Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Pericycle

39. Ions are absorbed from the soil by

i.e., Passive transport Active transport

Along concentration Uphill or against

40. Remobilised minerals become available to

42. A plant organ having high concentration of food, will serve as a

43. Sucrose moves into sieve tube elements by

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) Apical and lateral meristem (2) Young leaves

(3) Fruits and seeds (4) Mature or older leaves

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (2)

2. Facilitated diffusion is characterized by all, except

3. Which is not true regarding active water absorption?

5. Water channels are

6. As a result of endosmosis, w of cell

7. Which of the following equation is wrong?

8. Correct expression for water potential of plasmolysed cell will be

10. A hypothetical arrangement of plant cells (A, B, C, and D) is given below

A DPD = 5 atm DPD = 3 atm B

C DPD = 4 atm DPD = 2 atm D

11. Find correct pathway of movement of water in given presentation of cells.

s = –15 bar s = –7 bar

 there will be an equilibrium between X and Y

12. Which is a correct order (w.r.t. imbibing capacity in decreasing order)?

13. Which is not a characteristic of imbibition?

14. Phenomenon not associated with root pressure is

15. Which is not true for root pressure?

16. Phenomenon of guttation

17. Which of the following statement for hydathodes is correct?

1. Diffusion is a process and is not dependent on _.