Midterm Examination

ELT 302

Name: Cabase, Flory Joy V. Course: BSED-English Date: July 30,

2022

Instructions: Read the following statements carefully and provide what is/are
asked for each item. Strictly no copying of answers from the internet; use your own
words to express your understanding from our previous discussions.
Phrases/sentences that are exactly the same from the internet or from
your fellow classmate will automatically get zero in that item.

1. Differentiate the following terms in at least one sentence and give one
sample situation for each.
a. Individual multilingualism vs Societal multilingualism (5 pts)
-Individual multilingualism refers to the ability of an individual to
speak more than one language. For example, a Filipino who can also
speak Cebuano and English. Societal multilingualism refers to a society
or community with diverse ethnicity and language. For example
Philippines is a multiethnic consisting 186 languages, hence it is a
societal multilinguistic society.
b. Bilingualism vs Multilingualism (5 pts)
-Bilingualism, from the word ‘bi’ means being able to speak two
languages. For example, I can speak Filipino and Cebuano-bisaya
fluently. Multilingualism on the other hand, from the word ‘multi’
means being able to speak multiple languages. For example, an
individual who is able to speak Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.
c. Language vs Dialect (5 pts)
-Language is used by the whole community. For example, Filipino as a
national language spoken by all Filipino Citizens. On the other hand,
 dialect is spoken only by a specific group or region. For example, the
Balingaonon dialect spoken by people who live in Misamis Occidental.
d. First language vs Second language (5 pts)

-First language is the mother tongue or the language that is learnt

unconsciously while growing up. For example, my mother tongue is
Cebuano-bisaya. Second language is the language that is learnt
consciously and systematically. For example, learning Korean as my
second language

e. Receptive bilingualism vs Productive bilingualism (5 pts)

-Receptive Multilingualism refers a situation where speakers use their

respective mother tongue while speaking to each other. For example,
Using Bisaya when communicating with a Cebuano native speaker.
Productive multilingualism refers to the use of the formal language to
produce a result out of the communication context. For example, using
the English language in school.

2. Describe the linguistic diversity of the languages in the Philippines in 2-3

sentences. Do you think this linguistic diversity is advantageous or not to
Filipinos? Justify your answer. (10 pts)
-Philippines is a very diverse country wherein there are approximately 134 ethnic
groups and the majority of which are indigenous. Furthermore, the overall
Philippine population is constituted by only 8-10 lowland ethnic groups. This
diversity then results to the formation of approximately 186 languages, which
causes diversification among the citizens because of the different languages that
they speak. This diversification then results to some citizen beginning to criticize
and discriminate other people’s language and ethnicity. Furthermore, it causes
confusion and disorientation among the language users, and suppression of
minorities. Hence, I think, this linguistic diversity is not advantageous to some
Filipino citizens.
3. List at least three possible motivations that drive people to be multilingual.
Elaborate each in one sentence. (10 pts)
 Influenced by other’s culture- Some people nowadays are trying to learn
different languages because they are interested in other’s culture and want to
understand it more by learning its language.
 To become globally competitive- people are becoming multilingual in order to
have a bigger job and business opportunities overseas.
 To enhance intellectual capacity- there is a research that I have read that
says learning how to speak multiple languages fluently makes a person
become even more knowledgeable.

4. What is the importance of establishing linguistic rights for each country and
its language speakers? (10 pts)
-Linguistic rights is very important for every language speaker. This is
because all of us are entitled to having a freedom of speech. And in order to
perform this freedom, each individual must have their own linguistic rights,
so that they can freely express their own thoughts and opinions.
5. How does domain affect the way we choose the language/s we prefer in
communication? Provide a sample situation. (10 pts)
- The domain acts as the triggering factor for people to choose a language
that is spoken and understood by the majority since, we can't easily express
ourselves properly with only one language available. For example, the domain
"National Government" of the Philippines, from the word itself National,
means we were talking to people with different diversities. And the Regional
Language will not be used with this domain because you were not only
talking to one but a hundreds of people in the Philippines. The only language
that would be possible for the people to understand us in majority is "English"
as the primary, for it is universal language that even other countries will
understand us.