INDUSTRIES & MARKETS

Steel production in the United

Kingdom (UK)
 Table of Contents

01 Overview Production of concrete reinforcing bars in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2019 22
Steel ingots production volume in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2019 23
Crude steel production worldwide 2012-2021 04
Stainless steel melt shop production worldwide 2005-2020 05
04 Companies
Steel production and scrap consumption leading markets 2020 06
EU: total production of crude steel 2009-2019 07 Tata Steel UK annual revenue 2015-2021 25

Crude steel production volume in the United Kingdom 2009-2021 08 Tata Steel UK annual operating profit/loss 2014-2021 26

Monthly production of crude steel in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019 09 Tata Steel UK profit/loss after taxation 2014-2021 27

Production of pig iron in the United Kingdom 2009-2019 10 British Steel annual revenue 2016-2018 28
British Steel Limited annual operating profit/loss 2016-2018 29

02 Trade British Steel annual EBITDA 2016-2018 30

Celsa UK Holdings annual turnover 2011-2020 31
Main exporters of iron and steel products to the United Kingdom 2020 12
Celsa (UK) Holdings' annual profits and losses 2011-2020 32
Main importers of iron and steel products from the United Kingdom (UK) 2020 13
Imports of pig iron in the United Kingdom 2009-2019 14
05 Consumption
Exports of pig iron in the United Kingdom 2009-2019 15
Import volume of scrap metal in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2019 16 Apparent crude steel consumption per capita in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2019 34

Exports of scrap metal in the United Kingdom 2009-2019 17 Apparent per capita use of finished steel products in the United Kingdom 2009-2019 35
Apparent use of finished steel products in the UK 2009-2020 36

03 Segments YoY reduction in orders of UK steel companies by consuming sector 2020 37

Production of hot rolled coil, sheet and strip in the UK 2004-2019 19

06 Environmental impact
Production of steel wire rod in the United Kingdom (UK) 2004-2019 20
Production of hot rolled steel plate in the United Kingdom (UK) 2004-2019 21 Electricity consumption for iron and steel production in the UK 2000-2021 39

1
 Table of Contents

CHP fuel use by iron and steel in the United Kingdom (UK) 2010-2018, by fuel type 40
GHG emissions from basic iron and steel manufacturing in the UK 1990-2020 41
PM10 emissions from basic iron and steel manufacturing in the UK 1990-2018 42
PM2.5 emissions from basic iron and steel manufacturing in the UK 1990 to 2018 43

2
CHAPTER 01

Overview
 World crude steel production from 2012 to 2021 (in million metric tons)
Crude steel production worldwide 2012-2021

2,500

1,951
2,000 1,875 1,880
1,826
Production in million metric tons

1,735
1,652 1,674 1,631
1,623
1,560
1,500

1,000

500

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

4 Description: In 2021, a total of around 1.95 billion metric tons of crude steel were produced worldwide. Steel is an alloy made by combining iron and other elements.Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2011 to 2021
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Global stainless steel melt shop production from 2005 to 2020 (in 1,000
metric tons)
Stainless steel melt shop production worldwide 2005-2020

60,000

52,218
50,730 50,892
Production volume in thousand metric tons

50,000 48,081
45,778
41,686 41,548
40,000 38,506
35,917
33,621
31,090
28,706 28,146
30,000
26,218
24,546 24,904

20,000

10,000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

5 Description: In 2020, global stainless steel production was measured at just under 50.9 million metric tons. This was a drop of over 1.3 million metric tons compared to the 2019 production volume. Overall, the melt shop production volume has increased significantly
over the course of the past decade, when the yearly global stainless steel production was well below 30 million metric tons. Stainless steel is an iron alloy that is resistant to stains or rusts due to a high level of chromium.Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2005 to 2020
Source(s): International Stainless Steel Forum
 Steel production and scrap consumption in leading markets in 2020 (in
million metric tons)
Steel production and scrap consumption leading markets 2020

Values in million metric tons

Steel production Scrap consumption

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

China

EU-28

Japan

Russia

United States

South Korea

Turkey

6 Description: In 2020, roughly 1.5 billion metric tons of steel were produced in only seven regions, with China producing the majority at 1052 million tons of steel. By contrast, China`s steel scrap consumption reached 220 million metric tons, two percent more than in
2019. That same year, steel scrap consumption decreased in all seven key countries with the exception of China and Turkey. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in metal demand, which impacted the steel scrap market.Read more
Note(s): Worldwide; 2020
Source(s): Bureau of International Recycling; Various sources
 Annual production of crude steel in the European Union (EU) from 2009 to
2019 (in million metric tons)
EU: total production of crude steel 2009-2019

200
177.8
180 172.9 169.2
168.6 166.4 166.3 168.5 167.1
Crude steel production in million metric tons

162.2
157.1
160
139.4
140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

7 Description: This statistic illustrates the total production of crude steel in the European Union (EU) between 2009 and 2019, measured in million metric tons. The production of this metal peaked at 177.8 million metric tons in 2011 and decreased throughout the
following years. European crude steel production amounted to 157.1 million metric tons as of 2019, a decline of roughly 12 percent in comparison with the peak year.Read more
Note(s): EU; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Annual volume of crude steel produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from
2009 to 2021 (in 1,000 metric tons)
Crude steel production volume in the United Kingdom 2009-2021

14,000

12,120
Crude steel production in thousand metric tons

11,858
12,000
10,907
10,079
9,709 9,478 9,579
10,000

8,000 7,635 7,491 7,268 7,218 7,360

7,086

6,000

4,000

2,000

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

8 Description: This statistic shows the amount of crude steel produced annually in the United Kingdom (UK) between 2009 and 2021, measured in thousand metric tons. In the period of consideration, crude steel production has fluctuated, peaking at over 12 million
metric tons as of 2014. From 2015 onwards, British crude steel production has been constantly declining until 2020. As of 2021, the United Kingdom produced under 7.4 million metric tons of crude steel.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2021
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Monthly crude steel production in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019 (in 1,000
metric tons)
Monthly production of crude steel in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019

700 663
647 636
631 629
606 606 610
Crude steel production in thousand metric tons

590
600
542 550
509
500

400

300

200

100

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

9 Description: This statistic illustrates the monthly production of crude steel in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019. Production generally decreased over the year with some fluctuation, from approximately 606 thousand metric tons in January 2019 to 550 thousand metric
tons in December 2019. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Amount of pig iron produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019
(in 1,000 metric tons)
Production of pig iron in the United Kingdom 2009-2019

12,000

10,000 9,705
9,471
Production in thousand metric tons

8,774

8,000 7,671
7,233 7,183
6,625
6,142 5,996
6,000 5,588 5,622

4,000

2,000

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

10 Description: This statistic shows the amount of pig iron produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019, measured in thousand metric tons. In the period of consideration, pig iron production has fluctuated, reaching its peak in 2014, at roughly 9.7 million
metric tons. In 2019, British pig iron production remained stable compared to the previous year, amounting to roughly 5.6 million metric tons.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
CHAPTER 02

Trade
 Main export countries of iron and steel products to the United Kingdom (UK)
in 2020 (in 1,000 GBP)
Main exporters of iron and steel products to the United Kingdom 2020

Value in thousand British pounds

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000

Germany 380,050

Belgium 304,290

Spain 282,547

Netherlands 260,191

France 234,024

Italy 158,021

South Korea 147,006

12 Description: Germany was the largest export country of iron and steel products to the United Kingdom. In 2020, approximately 380 million British pounds worth of these items were bought from German manufacturers. Following Germany, Belgium and Spain ranked
second and third, respectively. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2020
Source(s): UN Comtrade
 Main import countries of United Kingdom (UK) made iron and steel products
in 2020 (in 1,000 GBP)
Main importers of iron and steel products from the United Kingdom (UK) 2020

Value in thousand British pounds

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000

Turkey 614,955

Netherlands 313,669

Germany 285,265

Ireland 277,264

Spain 255,690

Pakistan 251,919

Sweden 216,234

13 Description: Turkey was the largest import country of iron and steel products from the United Kingdom. In 2020, Turkey imported approximately 614 million British pounds worth of iron and steel products. Following Turkey, the Netherlands and Germany ranked
second and third, respectively. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2020
Source(s): UN Comtrade
 Amount of pig iron imported into the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019
(in 1,000 metric tons)
Imports of pig iron in the United Kingdom 2009-2019

80

69
70
64
59
Imports in thousand metric tons

60
53
50
50 47
41
40 38 37
33

30

20
20

10

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

14 Description: This statistic shows the amount of pig iron imported into the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019, in thousand metric tons. In 2019, pig iron imports totaled 64,000 metric tons, an increase of close to 73 percent compared to the previous year, when
imports reached 37,000 metric tons. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Amount of pig iron exported from the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to
2019 (in 1,000 metric tons)
Exports of pig iron in the United Kingdom 2009-2019

30
27

25
Exports in thousand metric tons

20

15

10
8
7
5 5
5 4
3
2 2 2
0
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

15 Description: This statistic shows the amount of pig iron exported from the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019, in thousand metric tons. 2009 was an exceptional year for pig iron exports out of the UK, totaling 27,000 metric tons in that year. By comparison,
exports of such items amounted to 7,000 metric tons in 2019. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Import volume of scrap metal in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019
(in 1,000 metric tons)
Import volume of scrap metal in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2019

450 425
400
400 376
351
Import volume in thousand metric tons

345
350
303 302
300 286
277
266

250
220

200

150

100

50

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

16 Description: This statistic shows the amount of scrap metal imported into the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019, in thousand metric tons. Scrap metal imports peaked in 2011, when a total of 425,000 metric tons of scrap metal were imported. By comparison, in
2019, some 376,000 metric tons of such items were imported. This is a six percent slump compared to 2018 imports.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Amount of scrap metal exported from the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to
2019 (in 1,000 metric tons)
Exports of scrap metal in the United Kingdom 2009-2019

14,000

11,718
12,000
Exports in thousand metric tons

10,000
8,813 8,702
8,130
7,814
8,000 7,519 7,299 7,270
6,948 6,987
6,008
6,000

4,000

2,000

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

17 Description: Scrap metal exports from the United Kingdom for 2019 amounted to roughly 11.7 million metric tons. This was a year-on-year increase in export volume of close to 35 percent compared to 2018. By comparison, imports of such items dropped to 376,000
metric tons that same year. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
CHAPTER 03

Segments
 Hot rolled coil, sheet and strip* production in the United Kingdom (UK) from
2004 to 2019 (in 1,000 metric tons)
Production of hot rolled coil, sheet and strip in the UK 2004-2019

6,000
5,535

4,993 5,066
5,000
4,595
Production in thousand metric tons

4,169 4,239
3,919 3,924 4,003
4,000 3,703
3,258 3,310 3,316 3,237
3,174
3,000

2,000

1,000

0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

19 Description: This statistic shows the amount of hot rolled coil, sheet and strip (<3mm) produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2004 to 2019. In 2018, the production of such items totaled approximately 3.2 million metric tons, having slightly decreased compared to
the previous year. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2004 to 2019; *(<3mm)** No value recorded for 2019Read more
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Amount of steel wire rod produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2004 to
2019 (in 1,000 metric tons)
Production of steel wire rod in the United Kingdom (UK) 2004-2019

2,000

1,800 1,741

1,600
Production in thousand metric tons

1,389
1,400 1,330
1,249 1,225
1,207
1,200 1,110 1,077 1,067
979 1,016
967
1,000 879
815
800 704

600

400

200

0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

20 Description: This statistic shows the amount of steel wire rod produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2004 to 2019. Production levels have generally decreased during this time, passing from 1.7 million metric tons on 2004, to 815 thousand metric tons in 2018.
Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2004 to 2019; * no value recorded for 2019 Read more
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Hot rolled plate* production in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2004 to 2019
(in 1,000 metric tons)
Production of hot rolled steel plate in the United Kingdom (UK) 2004-2019

1,400

1,200 1,159
1,124
1,095
Production in thousand metric tons

1,016
1,000 946 940
883 889
845
813
800 746
715

600 550
490
433
400

200

0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

21 Description: This statistic shows hot rolled plate (≥3mm) production in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2004 to 2019. Production levels noticeably declined in the recession and fluctuated in the years following, with annual output never exceeding one million metric tons.
In 2018, some 550,000 metric tons of hot rolled plates were produced.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2004 to 2019; *(≥3mm)** No value recorded for 2019Read more
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Concrete reinforcing steel bars produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from
2009 to 2019 (in 1,000 metric tons)
Production of concrete reinforcing bars in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2019

500
468
441
450

400
Production in thousand metric tons

346 354
340
350 326
312 309
300 295
300

250

200

150

100

50

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

22 Description: This statistic shows the amount of concrete reinforcing steel bars produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019. In the period of consideration, production levels declined, falling to 295,000 metric tons by 2018. In 2019, no value was reported for
the amount of concrete reinforcing steel bars produced. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019; * No value recorded for 2019 Read more
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Annual volume of steel ingots produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from
2009 to 2019 (in 1,000 metric tons)
Steel ingots production volume in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2019

250

200 194
Production in thousand metric tons

179
162
148 149
150 143
132
126 125

105
98
100

50

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

23 Description: This statistic shows the amount of steel ingots produced in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019, in thousand metric tons. In 2019, the total amount produced was 105,000 metric tons, 20,000 metric tons less than in the previous year.
Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
CHAPTER 04

Companies
 Annual revenue of Tata Steel UK Ltd. from 2015 to 2021 (in billion British
pounds)
Tata Steel UK annual revenue 2015-2021

3.5

3.0 2.9
Annual revenue in billion British pounds

2.65

2.5 2.4 2.41

2.19 2.14
1.98
2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

25 Description: In 2015, Tata Steel UK recorded a revenue of 2.9 billion British pounds, which was their highest revenue attained between 2015 and 2021. Although the revenue experienced a decline in 2017, it began to increase in the succeeding years, reaching 2.41
billion British pounds in 2019. In 2020, the revenue decreased again, down to 1.98 billion British pounds in 2021.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2015 to 2021
Source(s): Companies House; Tata Steel Europe
 Annual operating profits and losses of Tata Steel UK Ltd. from 2014 to 2021
(in million British pounds)
Tata Steel UK annual operating profit/loss 2014-2021

2,000
1,598
1,500
Annual revenue in million British pounds

1,000

500

-191 -161
-272 -272
-500
-457 -449

-1,000
-956

-1,500
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

26 Description: This statistic illustrates the annual operating profit/loss of Tata Steel UK Limited from 2014 to 2021. In this period, the company experienced recurring operating losses, with the exception of 2018, in which they recorded an operating profit of 1.6 billion
British pounds. In 2020, Tata Steel UK experienced their greatest operating loss. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2014 to 2021
Source(s): Companies House; Tata Steel Europe
 Annual profit/loss after taxation of Tata Steel UK Ltd. from 2014 to 2021 (in
million British pounds)
Tata Steel UK profit/loss after taxation 2014-2021

1,500 1,384
Annual loss/profit after taxation in million British

1,000

500
pounds

-303
-500 -385 -365
-534
-702
-1,000 -851
-920

-1,500
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

27 Description: This statistic represents the annual profit/loss after taxation of Tata Steel UK Limited from 2014 to 2021. In this period, the company experienced recurring losses after tax, with the exception of 2018, a year in which they registered a net profit of 1.4 billion
British pounds. In 2015 they had their greatest loss after taxation, which amounted to 851 million British pounds.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2014 to 2021
Source(s): Companies House; Tata Steel Europe
 Annual revenue of British Steel Ltd. from 2016 to 2018 (in billion British
pounds)
British Steel annual revenue 2016-2018

1.4

1.18
1.2
Annual revenue in billion British pounds

1.06

1.0

0.8
0.68

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
2016 2017 2018

28 Description: Between 2016 and 2018, British Steel Limited's revenue was in continuous growth. in 2016 they recorded a revenue of about 680 million British pounds, which then grew to 1.06 billion British pounds the following year. British Steel had their highest
revenue in 2018, recording 1.18 billion British pounds. As of May 2019, the company is in liquidation.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2016 to 2018
Source(s): British Steel; Companies House
 Annual operating profit/loss of British Steel Ltd. from 2016 to 2018 (in million
British pounds)
British Steel Limited annual operating profit/loss 2016-2018

150

112
Annual operating profit/loss in million British

100

50
pounds

0
-6.4

-50

-100

-120
-150
2016 2017 2018

29 Description: This statistic illustrates the annual operating profit/loss of British Steel Limited from 2016 to 2018. In 2017, the company recorded an operating profit of 112 million British pounds, which was the highest and only profit recorded within this period. They
experienced operating losses of about 6.4 million British pounds the following year. As of May 2019, the company is in liquidation.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2016 to 2018
Source(s): British Steel
 Annual EBITDA of British Steel Ltd. from 2016 to 2018 (in million British
pounds)
British Steel annual EBITDA 2016-2018

150
116.4

100
Annual EBITDA in million British pounds

50

0
-3.1

-50

-100
-102.3

-150
2016 2017 2018

30 Description: This statistic represents the annual earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) of British Steel Ltd. from 2016 to 2018. In 2017, the company recorded a positive EBITDA value of 116 million British pounds, which was the highest
and only positive EBITDA figure recorded within this period. The following year, the company recorded an EBITDA of negative 3.1 million British pounds. As of May 2019, the company is in liquidation.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom
Source(s): British Steel
 Annual turnover of Celsa (UK) Holdings Limited in the United Kingdom from
2011 to 2020 (in million British pounds)
Celsa UK Holdings annual turnover 2011-2020

700

590.48 580.33
600
Annual turnover in million British pounds

511.86 518.51 524.13

489.57 479.68
500
450.48
429.39 436.22

400

300

200

100

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

31 Description: This statistic represents the annual turnover figures of Celsa (UK) Holdings Limited from 2011 to 2020. Within this period, Celsa UK's highest turnover values came in 2011 and 2012, recording 590 and 580 million British pounds, respectively. Their lowest
turnover was experienced in 2015 with a value of about 429 million British pounds.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2011 to 2020
Source(s): Celsa Steel UK; Companies House
 Annual profits/losses of Celsa (UK) Holdings in the United Kingdom from 2011
to 2020 (in million British pounds)
Celsa (UK) Holdings' annual profits and losses 2011-2020

5
1.97
Annual profit/ loss in million British pounds

-1.04 -1.22

-5
-5.86
-6.73
-10

-12.63
-15

-17.35 -17.26
-17.86
-20

-22.77
-25
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

32 Description: This statistic depicts the annual overall profits or losses of Celsa (UK) holdings limited from 2011 to 2020. Within this period, Celsa experienced recurring losses with the exception of 2017, in which they recorded a profit of nearly two million British pounds.
Their highest loss experienced was in 2020, in which they registered a loss of 22.77 million pounds.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2011 to 2020
Source(s): Celsa
CHAPTER 05

Consumption
 Apparent crude steel consumption per capita in the United Kingdom (UK)
from 2009 to 2019 (in kilograms of crude steel equivalent)
Apparent crude steel consumption per capita in the United Kingdom (UK) 2009-2019

200
183 180 180 181 180
178 178
180 172 169 166
Kilograms of crude steel used per capita

160
141
140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

34 Description: This statistic shows the apparent crude steel use per capita in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019. In 2019, the average UK citizen had an average demand of 166 kilograms of crude steel equivalent.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Apparent steel consumption per capita in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009
to 2019 (in kilograms of finished steel products)
Apparent per capita use of finished steel products in the United Kingdom 2009-2019

180
163 164 165
159 159 161
160 155
150 148 151
Apparent use in kilograms of finished steel

140
126
120

100
products

80

60

40

20

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

35 Description: This statistic shows the apparent consumption of finished steel products per capita in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2019, in kilograms of finished steel products. The apparent use increased from 148 kilograms in 2013 to 151 kilograms in 2019.
Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Apparent use of finished steel products in the United Kingdom (UK) from
2009 to 2020 (in 1,000 metric tons)
Apparent use of finished steel products in the UK 2009-2020

12,000
10,883 11,003 10,822
10,680 10,494
10,185 10,250
9,853 9,679
10,000 9,592
8,966
Apparent use of steel products

7,909
8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

36 Description: This statistic shows the apparent use of finished steel products in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2009 to 2020. The demand for finished steel products in the UK increased from 7.9 million metric tons in 2009 to under 10.3 million metric tons in 2019,
peaking at 11 million in 2017. By 2020, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on steel demand and production led to a drop in apparent finished steel use of around 12.5 percent, down to just under nine million metric tons.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2009 to 2019
Source(s): World Steel Association
 Year-on year reduction in orders of steel companies in the United Kingdom
(UK) as of April 2020, by consuming sector
YoY reduction in orders of UK steel companies by consuming sector 2020

Year-on-year reduction in orders

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

UK Automotive (UK) 70%

Construction (UK) 55%

Engineering (UK) 35%

Other sectors (UK) 35%

Exports (all sectors) 35%

Total 45%

37 Description: This statistic represents the year-on-year reduction in orders of UK steel companies as of April 2020, by consumer sector. The industry experienced an overall 45 percent decrease in orders. Orders from the domestic automotive industry fell by 70 percent
compared to April 2019. The construction sector had a relatively lower fall in steel demand, with the number of orders dropping by 55 percent. In comparison to the other consuming sectors, the engineering sector's demand drop was less [...]Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; April 2020
Source(s): EEF
CHAPTER 06

Environmental impact
 Electricity use for iron and steel production in the United Kingdom (UK) from
2000 to 2021 (in terawatt-hours)
Electricity consumption for iron and steel production in the UK 2000-2021

6
Consumption in terawatt-hours

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*

39 Description: The United Kingdom's electricity consumption for iron and steel production has mostly declined over the years. In 2021, electricity consumption for such uses amounted to approximately 2.15 terawatt-hours, down from some 6.35 terawatt-hours in the
beginning of the century. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2000 to 2021; * Provisional figure. Figures have been rounded. Read more
Source(s): GOV.UK; UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
 CHP* fuel use by the iron and steel sector in the United Kingdom (UK) from
2010 to 2018, by fuel type (in gigawatt hours)
CHP fuel use by iron and steel in the United Kingdom (UK) 2010-2018, by fuel type

Fuel use in gigawatt hours

Other fuels** Coke oven gas Blast furnace gas Natural gas Fuel oil

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

0
1,221
2010 263
1,920
47
75
486
2011 221
1,397
18
29
599
2012 225
1,892
22
2
489
2013 204
2,169
21
0
440
2014 169
2,114
20
0
431
2015 237
2,001
51
0
214
2016 218
1,291
16
0
227
2017 109
1,152
16
0
229
2018 119
1,096
17

40 Description: This statistic displays the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) fuel use of the iron and steel sector in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2010 to 2018, by fuel type, in gigawatt hours. It shows that the CHP use of coke oven gas decreased significantly after 2010
and totaled 229 gigawatt hours in 2018. The use of blast furnace gas increased over most of this period from 1,920 gigawatt hours in 2010 to 2,001 gigawatt hours in 2015, but decreased afterward, reaching 1,096 gigawatt hours in 2018.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom; 2010 to 2018; *Combined Heat and Power, also known as cogeneration. **Other fuels include process by-products. Data for 2010 was taken from a previous report.Read more
Source(s): UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
 Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the manufacture of basic iron and steel in the United
Kingdom (UK) from 1990 to 2020 (in 1,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent)
GHG emissions from basic iron and steel manufacturing in the UK 1990-2020

30,000
Emissions in thousand metric tons of carbon

25,000

20,000
dioxide equivalent

15,000

10,000

5,000

0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

41 Description: The manufacture of basic iron and steel in the United Kingdom (UK) produced the equivalent of approximately 11.4 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2020. This figure represents a decrease of about 54 percent compared to the levels of emissions
resulting from iron and steel manufacturing in 1990. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom
Source(s): Office for National Statistics (UK); Ricardo-AEA
 PM10 emissions from the manufacture of basic iron and steel in the United
Kingdom (UK) from 1990 to 2018 (in 1,000 metric tons)
PM10 emissions from basic iron and steel manufacturing in the UK 1990-2018

10
9.16 9.13
9
PM10 emissions in thousand metric tons

8 7.66
7.11
7 6.4 6.44
6.01
6
5.18
4.94 4.97
5 4.61 4.73 4.57

0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

42 Description: This statistic shows the amount of PM10 emissions attributable to the manufacture of basic iron and steel in the United Kingdom (UK) from 1990 to 2018. It shows that emissions have decreased over the years. In 2018, the emissions totaled 4,571 metric
tons, which is significantly less than the 9,159 metric tons emitted in 1990.Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom
Source(s): Office for National Statistics (UK); Ricardo-AEA
 PM2.5 emissions from the manufacture of basic iron and steel in the United
Kingdom (UK) from 1990 to 2018 (in 1,000 metric tons)
PM2.5 emissions from basic iron and steel manufacturing in the UK 1990 to 2018

6 5.72 5.75
Emissions in thousand metric tons

5 4.71
4.36
3.97
4 3.77
3.49
2.98 2.89
3 2.8 2.81 2.73
2.62

0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

43 Description: This statistic shows the amount of PM2.5 emissions attributable to the manufacture of basic iron and steel in the United Kingdom (UK) from 1990 to 2018. It shows that emissions have decreased over the years. In 2018, the emissions totaled 2,894 metric
tons, which is about half of what was emitted in 1990. Read more
Note(s): United Kingdom
Source(s): Office for National Statistics (UK); Ricardo-AEA
 Sources

British Steel
Bureau of International Recycling
Celsa
Celsa Steel UK
Companies House
EEF
GOV.UK
International Stainless Steel Forum
International Trade Centre
Office for National Statistics (UK)
Ricardo-AEA
Tata Steel Europe
UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
UN Comtrade
Various sources
Various sources (CAMU; EUROFER; USGS/ISRI; Japan Ministry Economy; RUSMET; TCUD; KOSA;
worldsteel)
World Steel Association

44