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    16 views14 pages

    Stat 3

    Uploaded by

    claire cabato

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 14
    suasstics coe wn incersectng categories then dividing the product by fequency represented by the grand wotal of bb. Ho: The actual observed Prope Teeaaly different from the ideal expected proportion. the contingency table. ons joes not depend on the other fe = (subtotal A) (subtotal B) Grand Total ¢. Ho: One varia! variable. Or the “Pent from each othet- wh “The first two eypes of null hypothesis are applicable bal there is only one degree of freedom (th to data with one-way Gassification. The third tYPE ore ea eaaa contingency tabl koma (chle Me ich ew Yates comet for conn ey. table is given), aecng | the shsoluce value of eack él applied by re- .5 before diftezent . before squaring, Hence he formal an wo variables are indeperr ‘of moll hypothesis is applicable v0 &24 ay elasifcation set the level of significance: p 3 Derermine the degree sf feeedors using the formula: af = ¢ - 1 for oneway classification xe 2 5 Afe-fet-5? af = (r= 1) (k- 3) for ewoway classification ~ fe Where: ¢ stands for the ‘number of categories of Step 6. State the conclusi 4 or rejection of the null ees the acceptance If the computed value of M he J of the chi-square is less 4 cake ae the nal hype ge IF the computed val of the hare eater the wller value the nal hypothesis rejected. the single variable, stands for the number of rows “describing One variable, __ stands for the number ‘of columns describing othe other variable. Locate the radular value of Now let us analyze the Goibution table (see “Appendix Table 10.1 to Table 10.5 of this ated enumeration data given in diseiPMipere the desced level of significance 2 chapter. computed inters Calculate the chisg! step 4 Example 1 degeee of freedom ze value using the formulas Based on the data proportion significa on Table 10.1, is che actual pepe ian ia al oc portion is 3% married, 50% single, 10% widowed, and 10% Jegely separated? step 5 fo stands for the snd fe stands for the SP! where in oneway dassifi expected, fequent the to Step 1. Ho: The : actual observed fesndy diferent how the Cepested proportion, ted proportion, Sue ep 2 Set 5% level of significance ual Suites hecrved proportion is NOt SE ferent from the ideal oF expected b. Ho: The actual feancly di The first two TYPES of to data with one-way d. null hypothesis appl ‘say classification. ex the level of significance: «of freedort using he assification seay classification ~ deste nuraber'of EBON of assification- cable to 324 degre formula: for onewway ¢ Determine the afeccl he single variable, «stands for she member of rows describing OPS variable, stands for che number ©! ~ the other variable. ¢ ealurans describing step 4. LOE the 125! value of %? in th diserbution ce Appendix) by Bene, the walue whe SEA level oF significance and the computed fedom intersect Tye wsing the formal step 5- Calevla Je vghere for stands for the actual the total frequenc frequency representc the contingency we od by the grand sonar’ fo = (stbtotal A) (subtonsl 8 When there oe poe oes cone degree of freedom (this eee cohen table is given) or continuity is 2] : J Senate ie efore squaring. Hence the formula to use Py ' . ee yl fl? Step 6. State the conclusion arrived at by the accept oxic of the mil rates seers the computed value of the chi-square is retry oe null ypothess is een If the computed value we hechiaquare is greater the tabular value, the null hypothesis is peed Now let us a pee malyie the illstrated to Table 10.5 of this chapte enumeration data given in Example 1 Based on the da proportion 2.00 Table 10.1, # che ‘actual observ proportion scanty ees foe he expected 4 10% widowed, and 10%. eee * ‘razed, 50% single, Step ep 1. Ho: The actual observed proj different from the expected proport cted proportion. Beant ae 5 2 2 Set 5% level of significance. 1p actual observed proportion is not signi: tly different from the ideal or expected does not depend on the other urisble, Or the two variables are indepen dant from each other. 1 two types of mull hypothesis are applicable ‘ith oneaway classification. The chird eyPe thesis is applicable to data with two degree of freedor1 using the formalas © 1 for one-way classification = 1) (ie +1) for woway classification _ esas for the number of categories of bk stands other variable. the vabular value of %2 in the chisquate Rribution table (see Appendix) by getting the fgslua where the desized level of significance and the Momputed degree of freedom intersect Calculate the chi-square value using the formula: where fo. stands and fe stands for the In one-way Step 6. Now let sawn, Ew analy the is le 10.1 to Table 10.5 of this cf Example 1 intersecting categorie i egorics, then dividing the product by the total fr frequency represen ice coe Soe eee fe = (subtotal A) (subtotal 8 Grand Total When there is o eis onl means that a 2 BY one dearee of freedom (this jon arrived at by the 2 ot secon of he aan Nt IC the ‘i omputed value of the chi- the tabu vale, the null iypottaae secre, IF the computed vale of the bequee's plas je tabular vale, the ull hypothesis ie tected, rated enumeration dati open ion data given in Based on the data on Tabl observed data on Table 10.1, is che actual observ F je Proportion signific 7 if the ideal or adh 10% widowed, and 10% 1 Step 1 ferent from the ex eae Ee legally separated? , 50% single, Ho: The actual ob: fon observed proportion: i : andy different from the ¢ posed — not Sen Step 2. Set 5% level of significanc jven data is 2 one-way classification, the degree ‘of freedom is computed gf = umber of categories © 1 eer a4-l <3 tae tabular value at 3 df and 59 significance level s 7.83. (See Appendix): o ‘ fi ne expected frequencies (f*)- a Treason Mee ff formal: Fo > otal frequency * Proportion = 9p : = 50 (30) = 15 7 erie = 50 (50) = 25-7 fey fe, = $0 (19) = 37 fe, 50 (10) = 5 , fhe number of ere: fey = 21 ected frequency of wheres (ey = Se yes wlio are single fe, = expected Gequenc] of the number of fe, = expected fequensd 4 = Employees #bo ae Teglly eee Then we subsctute the values into the formula’ ore (fo- fe? Le = 60 + 04 +0 + 80 2144 step 6. Since 144 < 7.81, we accept the ell pothesis. The actual observed proportion is n cantly different from the expected proportion. te? 4b Using the data on Table 2, find given sample distribction agrees wich Giseriburion whose racio is 1: 2: 1. FThis impli of 1/4, 2/4 and 1/4.) ‘The sample distribucion agrees ich Step 2. Set 1% significance level. For onesiay classification, the degree of freedom is computed as: af = number of categories - i col 3-1 2 Step 4. The tabular value at 2 df and 28 sigaificance level is 9.21. Step 5. The ratio 1: 2: 1 actually means that the proportion for high 1Q is 1/4; 1/2 for average 1Q; 20d 1/4 for low 1Q. Since the given dats &s 2 ovewway classifica tioa, we use fe = np to gerthe expected frequencies, - 10 fe, = 40 (1/2) = 20 fe, = 40 (1/4) = 10 fe, = 40 (@- iF E grep 2 sep 3 suep 4 Ho: The different set 5% si The cab) is 3.84 ro :200 roportion 1,200: i Pee che ideal prSporso igpificance level: for one lar value 3¢ 2 4 113 for fer continvity: js not si in of 281+ Lassification af and 5% significance vere of freedom 15 a gnificancly n of 213. for Hs Sefective BCA 3 ae Step 6. = 49.75 + 99.50 = 149.25 Since 149.25 > 3.84, we reject the null hypothesis. The sample proportion is significantly difference from the ideal proportion. “Now let us analyze enumeration data with ewo-way classifica ion using Table 10.4 and 10.5. Data with woway classification yy be tested Example ¢ to find out whether or not a variable is independence from the other variable. Does atticude toward household chores depend on sex for the 50 children being considered in Table 4? Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. Step 5, Ho: Attitude toward household chores does not depend on sex. Set 05% significance level. For two-way classification, af = (r - 1), where stands for the number of rows describing one farable ard k stands for the namber of ‘columns describing the other variable. df= (2-1) 2-1) on The tabula: value at 1 df and 5% significance: level is 3.84. Since data with two-way classification is given, the Formula for computing the expected frequency is: 9 fe, = Ox ES Where fo, =9, fey = gy = 108 pata Statistics : ce The tabular at 2 df and 1% signifi Step 1 vah fue at 2 df significance level 20x18 27.2 Step 5. To « ; bs: P © compute fe we use the formal where fo, = 9 fe, = 39 Where fog = 21, fea = x8 2 192 Where fo, = 11, fe4 = 20532 = 128 replace the chiaquare formula with these values to we shall have: mrcction for continuity,* Where fo, = 1, fe, = 2420. 64 2 eee Where fo, = 45, fe, = 42 £80 . 39> 100 Where foy = 4, fe, = 42220 95 700 ~ 2156 + 235 + .088 + 132 Where fo, = 4, fe, = 19% 80 _ 15 3 Foo = 15-2 = 611 the zull hypothes ‘ores does not di Where fog = 15, fe, = 9429. 3 100 Since 611 < 3.84, we accept seep 6. ‘attitude towards household chi on sex. ra eo Replacing u 1) Replacing the above values into the chisquare formula, formula, we cample 5 Tos Table 10.5, test the hypothesis that academic perform docs nov depend on 1Q at 1% significance level. ‘Academic performance does not depend 02 1. seep 1. Ho seep 2. Set 1% 8 step 3. af 5 4 . aa, V5 Using the squared test formula, we shall have: asad, 52 38 ; 4.556 + 858 + 3.433 + 8.253 + 33.01) a ; 21439 + : 2 51.25 : (x= 2p) : js is rejected: so am ‘an, the mull hypothesis roe eee pe ee to Mente. academic Performance depends on 200 For ¢ rudents. 2 on 1Q “awn , ¥200 (2/9) i = 40,000 Io . square 000 5 sgavoninip batween the standard geore and the chi-at 3 oe ) criterion may, be explained “eae af che chisquare enterion mY. , 0 : milard sco" .

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