वैज्ञानिक/अभियंता ‘एससी’ (यांत्रिकी) के पद पर िती के भिए भिखित

परीक्षा का पाठ्यक्रम
SYLLABUS OF WRITTEN TEST FOR RECRUITMENT TO THE POST OF
SCIENTIST/ENGINEER ‘SC’ (MECHANICAL)

विज्ञापन संख्या:सैक:02:2020 दिनांककत 14.03.2020 पि सं. – 06

Advt. No. : SAC:02:2020 Dtd. 14.03.2020 Post Code – 06

Engineering Mathematics Linear Algebra:

Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Calculus: Functions of
single variable, limit, continuity and differentiability, mean value theorems, indeterminate forms;
evaluation of definite and improper integrals; double and triple integrals; partial derivatives, total
derivative, Taylor series (in one and two variables), maxima and minima, Fourier series; gradient,
divergence and curl, vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals,
applications of Gauss, Stokes and Green’s theorems. Differential equations: First order equations
(linear and nonlinear); higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients; Euler-
Cauchy equation; initial and boundary value problems; Laplace transforms; solutions of heat,
wave and Laplace's equations. Complex variables: Analytic functions; Cauchy-Riemann
equations; Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula; Taylor and Laurent series. Probability
and Statistics: Definitions of probability, sampling theorems, conditional probability; mean,
median, mode and standard deviation; random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal
distributions. Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic
equations; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules; single and multi-step methods for
differential equations.

Applied Mechanics and Design Engineering Mechanics:

Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; friction and its applications including rolling friction, belt-
pulley, brakes, clutches, screw jack, wedge, vehicles, etc.; trusses and frames; virtual work;
kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and
angular) and energy formulations; Lagrange’s equation. Mechanics of Materials: Stress and
strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin
cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; concept of
shear centre; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns; energy
methods; thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with universal testing
machine; testing of hardness and impact strength. Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity
and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and
gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope.
Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, effect of damping;
vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts. Machine Design: Design for static and
dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design
of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding
contact bearings, brakes and clutches, springs.

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences:

Fluid properties; fluid statics, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating bodies; control
volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of
continuity and momentum; Bernoulli’s equation; dimensional analysis; viscous flow of
incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head
losses in pipes, bends and fittings; basics of compressible fluid flow. Heat-Transfer: Modes of heat
transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept and electrical analogy, heat
transfer through fins; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parameter system, Heisler's charts;
thermal boundary layer, dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer,
heat transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes, effect of turbulence; heat
exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat transfer, Stefan- Boltzmann law,
Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces, view factors, radiation network analysis.
Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances,
behavior of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work
and heat in various processes; second law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts
and tables, availability and irreversibility; thermodynamic relations. Applications: Power
Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power cycles, concepts of regeneration
and reheat. I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel and dual cycles. Refrigeration and
airconditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air,
psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction
principles, velocity diagrams, Peltonwheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; steam and gas turbines.

Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering:

Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain
diagrams for engineering materials. Casting, Forming and Joining Processes: Different types of
castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design.
Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load
estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing,
bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy. Principles of welding,
brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding. Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Mechanics of
machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials,
tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of nontraditional machining processes;
principles of work holding, jigs and fixtures; abrasive machining processes; NC/CNC machines and
CNC programming. Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular
measurements; comparators; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and
testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly; concepts of coordinate-
measuring machine (CMM). Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM
and their integration tools; additive manufacturing. Production Planning and Control: Forecasting
models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning; lean
manufacturing. Inventory Control: Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems.
Operations Research: Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment,
network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM.

Safety Engineering
 Safety Management
 Occupational Health and Hygiene
 Safety in Engineering Industry
 Regulation for Health, Safety and Environment
 Computer Aided Risk Analysis
 Safety in Chemical Industry
 Fire Engineering and Explosion Control
 Environmental Pollution Control
 Safety in Construction
 Human Factors Engineering
 Electrical Safety
 Safety in Material Handling
 Design of Air pollution control system
 Industrial Noise and Vibration Control
 Biomechanics and Human body vibration
 Work study and ergonomics
 Transport Safety
 Sensitivity measurements and evaluation of energetic material
 Safety in powder handling
 Nuclear engineering and safety
 Disaster management
 OHSAS 18000 and ISO 14000
 Safety related to Handling of Gases and Gas Cylinders
 Fire Safety
 Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Safety
CAD/CAM/CAE
Computer Aided Design
Geometric Modeling: Nameable and Unnamable shapes, Explicit and Implicit Equations, Intrinsic
Equations, Parametric Equations, Coordinate Systems.
Design Of Curves: Algebraic and Geometric Forms, Parametric space of a curve, Blending functions,
Reparametrization, Truncating, Extending and subdividing, Space curve, Four point form, Straight lines,
Spline Curves, Bezier Curves, B-spline Curves, Rational Polynomials, NURBS
Design Of Surfaces: Algebraic and Geometric form, Tangent and Twist Vectors, Normal, Parametric space
of a surface, Blending Functions, Reparametrization of a surface patch, subdividing, Sixteen Point form,
Four Curve Form, Plane surface, Cylindrical Surface, Ruled surface, Surface of Revolution. Bezier Surface,
B-Spline Surface.
Solid Modeling Fundamentals: Topology of Closed Paths, Piecewise flat surfaces, topology of closed
curved surfaces, Generalized Concept of boundary, Set theory, Boolean operators, Set-membership
Classification, Euler operators, Formal Modeling Criteria.
Solid Model Construction: Graph Based methods, Boolean models, Instances and Parameterized Shapes,
Cell Decomposition and spatial-Occupancy Enumeration, Sweep Representation, Constructive Solid
Geometry, Boundary Representation
Transformations: Translation, Rotation, Scaling Symmetry and Reflection, Homogeneous
Transformations. Orthographic Projections, Axonometric Projections, Oblique Projections, Perspective
Transformation.
Assembly-modeling: Analytical Properties, Relational Properties and intersections, Data transfer formats.

ADVANCED MACHINE DESIGN

Analysis of Stress: State of stress at a point, stress components on an arbitrary plane, principal stresses,
Mohr‘s circle, plane stress, differential equations of equilibrium, boundary conditions.
Analysis of Strain: State of strain at a point, dilation, plane strain, compatibility conditions.
Stress-Strain Relations: Generalizes Hooke‘s Law, relations between elastic constants, displacement
equations of equilibrium.
Theories of Failure: Theory of dislocations, Maximum principal stress theory, maximum shear stress
theory, maximum elastic strain theory, octahedral shearing stress theory, distortion energy theory,
Mohr‘s theory, significance of theory of failure, use of factor of safety in design, selection of materials for
engineering applications.
Energy Methods: Elastic strain energy, Maxwell-Betti-Rayleigh reciprocal theorem, Castigliano‘s
theorems, strain energy due to axial force, shear force, torsion, bending moment, theory of virtual work.
Axis-symmetric Problems: Thick-walled cylinders, shrink fits, rotating discs.
Fatigue Considerations in Design : Variable loads- basic concepts; Load and Stress variations- different
patterns; Cyclic stressing/straining- material response and the origin of fatigue failure; S-N curve - fatigue
strength and endurance limit; Factors influencing fatigue, endurance strength modification factors;
Fatigue stress concentration; Effect of mean stress Goodman and Soderberg relations; Design approach
to fatigue- design for infinite and finite life; Design of members under combined loading.

ADVANCED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Introduction to Finite Element Method: Basic Concept, Historical Background, engineering applications,
general Description, comparison with other methods.
Integral Formulation and Variation Methods: Need for weighted-integral forms, relevant mathematical
concepts and formulate, weak formulation of boundary value problems, variational methods, Rayleigh-
Ritz method and weighted residual approach
Finite Element Techniques: Module boundary value problem, finite element decartelization, element
shapes, sizes and node locations, interpolation functions, derivation of element equations, connectivity,
boundary conditions, FEM solutions, post processing, Compatibility and completeness requirements,
convergence criteria, higher order and isoperimetric elements, natural coordinates, Lagrange and Hermit
Polynomials
Applications to Solid and Structural Mechanics Problems: External and internal equilibrium equations,
one-dimensional stress-strain relations, plane stress and strain problems, axis symmetric and three
dimensional stress strain problems, strain displacement relations, boundary conditions compatibility
equations, analysis of trusses, frames and solid of revolution, computer programs. Applications to Heat
Transfer Problems: Variational approach, Galerikn approach one dimensional and two dimensional steady
state problems for conduction, convection and radiation, transient problems.
Applications to Fluid Mechanics Problems: In viscid incompressible flow, potential function and stream
function formulation, incompressible viscous flow, stream function, velocity-pressure and stream function
voricity formulation, solution of incompressible and compressible fluid film lubrication problems,
Additional Applications: Steady state and transient field problem.
Parameters Affecting Accuracy of the FEA results: How to validate and check accuracy of FEA results,
Computational accuracy: strain energy norm, residuals, Reaction forces and moments; convergence test,
Average and un-average stress difference. Correlation with actual testing: strain gauging-stress
comparison; natural frequency comparison; Dynamic response comparison, temperature and pressure
distribution comparison.

COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING

Concepts of CAM: - CNC machine tools, Principle of operation of CNC, Construction features including
structure, drive system, tool-work movement actuation system, Work holding features, Tool holding
features, Feedback system, machine control system, 2D and 3D machining on CNC.
CNC Part Programming - Detailed Manual part programming on Lathe and Machining centers using G &
M codes
CNC Tooling:-Modern cutting tool materials and their applications, ISO Nomenclature of tools and tool
grades, Different types of tools and tool holders used on CNC Machines, parameters for selection of
configuration of cutting tools, Modular tools and fixtures, use of pallets for work holding, palletizing of
fixtures.
Advanced CNC processes - EDM, Wire cut M, Abrasive water jet, LASER cutting, (Working principles,
construction or set up of process, applications)
Co-ordinate Measuring Machine – Working principle, Drives, Controls, Types and applications of CMM
software and utilities; CMM Inspection routines for measuring straightness, roundness, concentricity,
center distance and pitch circle diameters of holes, parallelism and perpendicularity of surfaces and bore
axes etc.
Computer aided CNC part programming – Introduction to common CNC controllers like FANUC, SIEMENS,
MAZAK etc., Generation of tool path, generation of G & M codes, Optimization of tool path (to reduce
machining time), (Features available on a typical CAM software).
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENT: Background, Overview, Need, Benefits, Concept of Product Life
Cycle. Components / Elements of PLM, Emergence of PLM, Significance of PLM, Customer Involvement.
Product Data and Product Workflow, Company‘s PLM vision, The PLM Strategy, Principles for PLM
strategy, Preparing for the PLM strategy, Developing a PLM strategy, Strategy identification and selection,
Change Management for PLM.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS & METHODOLOGIES: Integrated Product development process -
Conceive – Specification, Concept design, Design - Detailed design, Validation and analysis (simulation),
Tool design, Realize - Plan manufacturing , Manufacture, Build/Assemble , Test (quality check) , Service -
Sell and Deliver , Use , Maintain and Support, Dispose. Bottom-up design, Top-down design, Front loading
design workflow, Design in context, Modular design. Concurrent engineering - work structuring and team
deployment - Product and process systemization - problem, identification and solving methodologies.
Product Reliability, Mortality Curve. Design for Manufacturing, Design for Assembly. Design for Six Sigma.
PRODUCT MODELLING: Product Modelling - Definition of concepts – Fundamental issues - Role of Process
chains and product models -Types of product models – model standardization efforts-types of process
chains –Industrial demands.
TYPES OF ANALYSIS TOOLS : Design for manufacturing - machining - casting and metal forming - optimum
design - Design for assembly and disassembly - probabilistic design concepts - FMEA QFD-Taguchi Method
for design of experiments -Design for product life cycle. Estimation of Manufacturing costs, Reducing the
component costs and assembly costs, Minimize system complexity.
PRODUCT DATA MANAGEMENT (PDM) TECHNOLOGY - Product Data Management –An Introduction to
Concepts, Benefits and Terminology, CIM Data. PDM functions, definition and architectures of PDM
systems, product data interchange, portal integration, PDM acquisition and implementation.
RECENT ADVANCES: Intelligent Information Systems - Knowledge based product and process models -
Applications of soft computing in product development process - Advanced database design for integrated
manufacturing.
DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY
General design principles for manufacturability – strength and mechanical factors, evaluation method,
Process capability - Feature tolerances- Geometric tolerances-Assembly limits- Datum features- Tolerance
stacks.
Factors influencing form Design Working principle, Material, Manufacture, Design – Possible solutions –
Materials choice – Influence of materials on form design – form design of welded members, forgings and
castings
Component Design – Machining Consideration Design features to facilitate machining – drills - milling
cutters – keyways – Doweling procedures, counter sunk screws – Reduction of machined area –
simplification by separation – simplification by amalgamation– Design for Machinability –Design for
accessibility – Design for assembly.
Robust Design and Taguchi Method Robust design - Design of experiments – Robust design process-
Orthogonal arrays: Two level orthogonal arrays, Three level orthogonal arrays, Combined inner and outer
arrays.
Thermal Engineering
ADVANCED MATHEMATICS Complex Variables, Differentiation, analytic functions, Cauchy-Raimann
equations, Conjugate functions and their application to two dimensional potential problems, Conformal
transformation. Integration, Cauchy's theory, Zero's and poles residues, applications of residue theorem
in integration. Differential Equations, Partial differential equations, solution by separation of variables.
Diffusion equation. Heat flow in a bar, Wave Equation, Vibration of strings, vibration of circular
membrane, Numerical Methods in Engineering, Solution of Polynomial Equation, Newton Raphson,
Graffes’s Braistow methods for nearly equal roots. Solution of Differential Equations: Runge –Kutta
method for first and second order equations. Adam Bashforth methods for corrector and predictor.
Numerical methods for partial differential equations of parabolic and hyperbolic type. Applications. FEM,
Variational Functionals, Euler Lagranges equation, Variational forms, Ritz method, Glarkin’s method,
discretization. Finite elements method for one dimensional problems. Laplace Transforms, Elementary
Laplace Transforms and theorem, solution of linear differential equations with constant coefficients.
Heavyside unit functions, Dirac delta function, their Laplace transforms and application to practical
problems, Fourier integrals.

ADVANCED THERMODYNAMICS Laws of Thermodynamics, Differential Equations of Thermodynamics,

Changes in States of Gases at their Transferences, Throttling process. Joule Thomson effect. Temperature
of braking. Mixtures of ideal & real gases. Equilibrium of Thermodynamic System, Equations of states for
real gases, Vanderwaal's equation of state. Clayperon equations. Gibbs phase rule. Law of corresponding
states. Fundamentals of Chemical Thermodynamics, First law of thermodynamics in thermochemistry.
Heat effects of reaction. Hess's law. Kirchhoff's law. Chemical equilibrium. Bond energy

ADVANCED HEAT & MASS TRANSFER Transient Heat Conduction, Convection, Heat Transfer by
Radiation, Boiling and Condensation, nucleate pool boiling and empirical correlations for pool boiling
heat transfer, factors affecting pool boiling film coefficients, high heat flux boiling. Laminar film
condensation on a vertical plate, turbulent film condensation, drop wise condensation. Numerical
Solution of Conduction problems and Mass Transfer, Finite difference equations method of energy
balance, finite difference formulation of unidirectional for Cartesian cylindrical coordinate of various
kind of boundary conditions, heat conduction problems, numerical methods of solutions, numerical
solution of transient heat diffusion problems. Convective mass transfer, equations for convective mass
transfer, boundary layer mass transfer empirical correlations for convective mass transfer.
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL Theory and Experimentation in Engineering, Fundamentals of
Measurement System, Performance Characteristics of Instruments: Dynamic performance characteristics:
dynamic response, system transfer function and frequency response control actions. Elements of
Measurement Systems, Signal conditioning, Data presentation systems, Pneumatic and Hydraulic
systems, Applied Mechanical Measurements, Determination of count, events per unit time and time
intervals, Measurement of stress and strain, Pressure, Torque and power measurements. Flow
Measurements: Flow Visualization, shadowgraoh, schlieren and interferometric techniques, pitot static
tubes, hot wire anemometers, Laser Doppler Velocimeter, flow measurements using coriolis effect.
Temperature and Heat Flux Measurement: Thermoelectric sensors, Electric resistance sensors,
Thermistors, Radiations pyrometers, Temperature measuring problems in flowing fluids, dynamic
compensation

THERMAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (R & AC) Thermodynamic properties of moist air,

psychrometric chart and its applications. Thermal exchanges of body with environment. Physiological
hazards resulting from heat exposure. Environmental requirements for various components (e.g. men,
material, machinery, and processes) for a few important heavy industries. Various systems of refrigeration
and their application to environmental control. Vapour compression refrigeration system, Multi
evaporator multi compressor systems, Vapour absorption system, Evaporative Cooling, Desiccant cooling
systems. Various system of ventilation for industry. Air conditioning load calculations, various systems of
air conditioning for industries. Recommendations of ISO 140000 for thermal environment.

THEORY AND DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGERS Classification, temperature distribution for parallel flow,
counter flow, cross flow, heat exchanger, evaporators and condensers, concept of LMTD and overall heat
transfer coefficient. Fouling of heat exchangers, NTU method for gauging exchanger performance, LMTD
for parallel, counter and cross flow heat exchangers, effectiveness for parallel and counter flow
exchangers. Important design considerations: material selection and optimization of heat exchangers,
analysis of regenerative heat exchangers. Vibrations induced by flow, International Standards for heat
exchangers. Thermal and Mechanical Design of Shell & tube heat exchangers, Double pipe, Extended
surface, Condensers & evaporators, Boilers & feed water heaters, Air preheaters, Dictators, Heat
exchanger for nuclear application.
Material Science and Engineering
Physical Metallurgy
Concept of phase diagram - phases and micro-constituents in steels and cast irons - equilibrium and non-
equilibrium cooling of various Fe-C alloys - effects of alloying elements and cooling rate on structure and
properties of steels and cast irons

Introduction to heat treatment; TTT diagram and CCT diagram - hardenability measurement, annealing -
normalising - hardening and tempering - heat treatment furnaces - atmospheres - quenching media - case
hardening techniques

Introduction to specifications- types of steels: plain carbon steels, alloy steels, tool steels; stainless steels
types of cast irons compositions, properties and applications, heat treatment (specific examples)

Aluminium and its alloys- physical, chemical and mechanical properties of aluminium of aluminium alloys,
magnesium, titanium alloys - microstructural features, typical properties and applications - heat
treatment (specific examples) Copper and its alloys: physical, chemical and mechanical properties;
classification of copper alloys; lead, tin, zinc, silver, gold alloys - microstructural features - properties and
applications.

MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
Numerical aperture, limit of resolution, depth of field and depth of focus - lens defects and correction-
bright field and dark field illumination - polarised light, phase contrast, interference contrast, hot-stage,
in-situ techniques, quantitative metallography

Powder, rotating crystal and Laue methods, stereographic projections and reciprocal lattice; X-ray residual
stress measurement

Construction and operation and applications of TEM, specimen preparation techniques;

Construction and operation and applications of SEM, elemental analysis by WDS and EDS systems -
analysis of fractured surfaces

X-ray fluoroscopy, spectrometry, Auger spectroscopy, DTA, DSC and TGA, working principle, applications.
Types and applications of strain gauges.

CERAMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Ceramics as a class of material, bonding and structure of various ceramic materials; crystal structure and
defects; chronological developments, structure of silicates; polymorphic transformations, raw materials.

Non crystalline materials - structure, requirement for glass formation, Zachariasen rules, viscosity based
transition points, devitrification; glass forming methods; important ceramic systems: one component
system- silica; binary and ternary systems. Silicate glasses and glass ceramics;

Powder processing, pre-consolidation - shape forming processes; Fundamental Sintering mechanisms,

various advanced sintering techniques; Mechnacial behaviour of structural ceramics-Brittleness of
ceramics, Concept of fracture toughness and different toughness and strength measurement techniques;
Concept of various toughening mechanisms;

Thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of ceramic materials - emphasis on the effects of
composition, microstructure, processing, temperature and atmosphere on these properties.

Introduction to specific ceramic materials – structure property correlation, processing and applications –
superconductors, piezo-electrics, silicon carbide and nitride, sialons, cermets, bioceramics and bio-glass,
cements, castables, refractories;

COMPOSITES AND POLYMRES

Polymers as a class of engineering materials – comparison with metals and ceramics - classification of
polymers

Polymerization – mechanisms and statistical approach – molecular weight determination

Properties, processing and applications of polymers – compounding of plastics – polymer processing –

basic methods and recent developments

Introduction to composites – classification of composites – emphasis on polymer based composites –

bonding and failure criteria – micro mechanics approach

Reinforcing materials – overview of different processing methods – technical and economic aspects –
novel applications of composite materials

NANO MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY

Concept of nano materials – scale / dimensional aspects, Top-down and bottom-up approaches for
preparing nano materials

Advantages and limitations at the nano level – thermodynamic aspects at the nano level, health and
environmental issues.

Characterization of nano materials and nano structures, important characterization techniques for nano
size measurement.

Overview of properties of nano materials, Introduction to nano composites, processing of

nanocomposites.

Applications in different areas such as semi conductors, sensors, nanostructured bioceramics and
nanomaterials for drug delivery applications

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS

Strength of materials- basic assumptions, elastic and plastic behaviour, stress–strain relationship for
elastic behaviour, elements of plastic deformation of metallic materials. Mohr’s circle, yielding theories

Elements of theory of plasticity, dislocation theory properties of dislocation, stress fields around
dislocations, application of dislocation theory to work hardening, solid solution strengthening, grain
boundary strengthening, dispersion hardening
Ductile and brittle fracture, Charpy and Izod testing, significance of DBTT, ECT, NDT and FATT; elements
of fractography - Griffith’s theory, LEFM– COD and J integral – determination of KIC, COD and J integral

Characteristics of fatigue failure, initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks, factors affecting fatigue
strength and methods of improving fatigue behaviour – testing analysis of fatigue data, mechanics of
fatigue crack propagation, corrosion fatigue

Introduction to creep - creep mechanisms, creep curve, variables affecting creep, accelerated creep
testing, development of creep resistant alloys, Larsen Miller parameter - Manson Hafred parameter

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Visual Inspection- tools, applications and limitations. Liquid Penetrant Inspection - principles, types and
properties of penetrants and developers. Advantages and limitations of various methods of LPI. Magnetic
particle inspection- principles, applications, advantages and limitations

Ultra sonic testing(UT) - Nature of sound waves, wave propagation - modes of sound wave generation -
Various methods of ultrasonic wave generation, types of UT Principles, applications, advantages,
limitations, A, B and C scan - Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)

Radiography testing (RT) – Principles, applications, advantages and limitations of RT. Types and
characteristics of X ray and gamma radiation sources, Principles and applications of Fluoroscopy/Real-
time radioscopy - advantages and limitations - recent advances.

Eddy current testing - Principles, types, applications, advantages and limitations of eddy current testing.

Thermography - Principles, types, applications, advantages and limitations. Optical & Acoustical
holography- Principles, types, applications, advantages and limitations. Case studies: weld, cast and
formed components.

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Introduction to manufacturing processes – different approaches – technical and economic considerations
– significance of material properties with respect to selection of manufacturing process

Conventional casting processes – advantages and limitations – melting practices – design of castings –
special casting processes

Conventional material joining processes – concept of weldability – need for dissimilar joints - machining
processes – concept of machinability – material examples – developments in machining processes

Rolling – forging – extrusion – drawing - sheet metal forming – classification, advantages and limitations

Introduction to powder metallurgy – recent developments esp. in forging and mechanical alloying -
concept of near net shape processing - concept and applications of rapid prototyping – emerging
technologies for nano–processing

CORROSION ENGINEERING
Principles of corrosion phenomenon: Thermodynamics and kinetics: emf/galvanic series, Pourbaix
diagram, exchange current density, passivity, Evans diagram, flade potential.
Different forms of corrosion: atmospheric/uniform, pitting crevice, intergranular, stree corrosion,
corrosion fatigue, de-alloying, high temperature oxidation-origin and mechanism with specific examples.

Corrosion testing and monitoring: Non-Elecrochemical and Electrochemical methods: weight loss method,
Tafel Linear polarization and Impedance techniques, Lab, semi plant & field tests, susceptibility test.

Corrosion prevention through design, coatings, inhibitors, cathodic, anodic protection, specific
applications, economics of corrosion control.

Corrosion & its control in industries: Power, Process, Petrochemical, ship building, marine and fertilizer
industries. Some case studies-Corrosion and its control in different engineering materials: concrete
structures, duplex, super duplex stainless steels, ceramics, composites and polymers. Corrosion auditing
in industries, Corrosion map of India.

SURFACE ENGINEERING
Introduction tribology, surface degradation, wear and corrosion, types of wear, roles of friction and
lubrication- overview of different forms of corrosion, introduction to surface engineering, importance of
substrate

Chemical and electrochemical polishing, significance, specific examples, chemical conversion coatings,
phosphating, chromating, chemical colouring, anodizing of aluminium alloys, thermochemical processes -
industrial practices Surface pre-treatment, deposition of copper, zinc, nickel and chromium - principles
and practices, alloy plating, electro composite plating, electroless plating of copper, nickel-phosphorous,
nickel-boron; electroless composite plating; application areas, properties, test standards (ASTM) for
assessment of quality deposits.

Definitions and concepts, physical vapour deposition (PVD), evaporation, sputtering, ion plating, plasma
nitriding, process capabilities, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), metal organic CVD, plasma assisted
CVD, specific industrial applications

Thermal spraying, techniques, advanced spraying techniques - plasma surfacing, D-Gun and high velocity
oxy-fuel processes, laser surface alloying and cladding, specific industrial applications, tests for
assessment of wear and corrosion behaviour.
Structural Engineering
APPLIED MATHEMATICS
Polar co-ordinates - Expressions of gradient of scalar point function -divergence and curllof a
vector point function in orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates - Summation convention tensors -
Quotient law - Chrioleffel symbols - Inverse of a matrix - Eigen values and Eigen vectors
of matrix - Quadratic form - Hermition form - Canonical form.

Maxima and minima of functions of two variables - Lagrange Multipliers - Functional -

Externals -Euler-Lagrange Equation - Solution in power series by the method of Frobenious -
Legendre and Bessel equations

Fourier, Bessel and Legendre series and functions - Two dimensional wave equations -
Transverse vibrations of rectangular and circular membranes
Two dimensional heat flow in transient state - Three dimensional heat flow in transient state -
Laplace equations - Steady state temperature distribution in solid spheres and spherical
shells.

THEORY OF ELASTICITY AND PLASTICITY

Basic concepts of deformation of deformable bodies- Notations of stress and strain in a 3D
field Transformations of stresses and strains in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates- Equilibrium
equations in two and three dimensions in Cartesian co-ordinates.
Plane stress and plane strain problems - Two dimensional problems in Cartesian co-ordinates
as applied in beam bending, using Airy's stress function - Polar co-ordinates. Equations of
equilibrium and compatibility-Two dimensional problems in polar co-ordinates-Stress
concentration in holes.

Energy principle -theorem of minimum potential energy and complementary potential energy. Torsion of
various shaped bars- Prandtl’s membrane analogy- energy method- Torsion of
rolled Profiles- Stress concentration at re-entrant corners.
Introduction, yield criteria for metals, graphical representation of yield criteria, Flow laws of
plastic mass, Plastic strain relations-Application to thick cylinders - Hollow spheres -Torsion.

MATRIX METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Generalised Measurements - Degrees of freedom - Constrained Measurements - Behaviour of
structures - Principle of superposition- Stiffness and flexibility matrices in single, two and
n-co-ordinates - Structures with constrained measurements.

Stiffness and flexibility matrices from strain energy - Betti's law and its applications, Determinate and
indeterminate structures - Transformation of element matrices to system
matrices - Transformation of system vectors to element vectors.
Flexibility method applied to statically determinate and indeterminate structures –
Choice of redunants -Transformation of redundants-Internal forces due to thermal expansion and lack of
fit.
Displacement method - Internal forces due to thermal expansion and lack of fit -
Application to symmetrical structures - Code system in the stiffness methods - Computer
program for the code system - Comparison between stiffness and flexibility methods.
Analysis by substructures using the stiffness method and flexibility method with
tridiagonalization- Analysis by Iteration method - frames with prismatic members – non-prismatic
members.

STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
Introduction to Dynamic analysis - Elements of vibratory systems and simple Harmonic
Motion- Mathematical models of SDOF systems - Principle of Virtual displacements -
Evaluation of damping resonance.

Fourier series expression for loading - (blast or earthquake) - Duhamel’s integral - Numerical
methods - Expression for generalised system properties - vibration analysis Rayleigh’s
method - Rayleigh - Ritz method.

Evaluation of structural property matrices - Natural vibration - Solution of the Eigen value
problem- Iteration due to Holzer and Stodola Idealisation of multi-storeyed frames - analysis to blast
loading - Deterministic analysis of earthquake response - lumped SDOF system.

Differential equation of motion - Beam flexure including shear deformation and rotatory
inertia - Vibration analysis using finite element method for beams and frames

STABILITY OF STRUCTURES
Buckling of columns – introduction – concepts of stability – methods of Neutral Equilibrium
– Euler column – Eigen value problem – Axially loaded column – Eccentrically loaded
column Energy principle – Raleigh Ritz method – Galerkin method – Numerical methods (New
mark’s difference and matrix methods)
Beams and Beam columns – introduction – lateral buckling of beams – beam column with
concentrated and distributed loads – effect of axial load on bending stiffness
Buckling of frames – introduction – modes of buckling – critical load using various methods
Neutral equilibrium – slope deflection equations, matrix method.
Buckling of plates – Differential equation of plate bucklings – critical loan on plates for
various boundary conditions – Energy method – Finite difference method.
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Differential equilibrium equations - strain displacement relation - linear constitutive relation -
special cases- Principle of stationary potential energy - application to finite element methods.
Some numerical techniques in finite element Analysis
Displacement models - convergence requirements. Natural coordinate systems - Shape
function. Interpolation function- Linear and quadratic elements - Lagrange & Serendipity
elements- Strain displacement matrix - element stiffness matrix and nodal load vector
Two dimensional isoparametric elements - Four noded quadrilateral elements - triangular
elements- Computation of stiffness matrix for isoparametric elements - numerical integration
(Gauss quadrature) -Convergence criteria for isoparametric elements.
Assemblage of elements – Direct stiffness method- Special characteristics of stiffness matrix
- Boundary condition & reaction - Gauss elimination and LDLT decomposition- Basic steps
in finite element anlaysis.

Analysis of framed Structures- 2D truss element - 2D beam element. Analysis of plate

bending: Basic theory of plate bending - displacement functions - plate bending Elements.
Plane stress and plane strain analysis: Triangular elements - Rectangular elements

THEORY OF PLATE AND SHELLS

Simple bending of Plates-Assumptions in thin plate theory-Different relationships- Different
Boundary Conditions for plates- Plates subjected to lateral loads – Navier’s method for
simply supported plates – Levy’s method for general plates – Example problems with
different types of loading.

Circular plates subjected to Axi-symmetrical loads–concentrated load, uniformly distributed

load and varying load – Annular circular plate with end moments.

Rayleigh-Ritz method – Application to different problems – Finite difference method – Finite

element methodology for plates-Orthotropic Plates
Bending of anisotropic plates with emphasis on orthotropic plates – Material Orthotropy –
Structural Orthotropy - Plates on elastic foundation.
Shells- Classification of shells - Membrane and bending theory for singly curved and doubly
curved shells - Various approximations - Analysis of folded plates.