INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY the Board (Sec 22.

RA 6506- An Act Creating the Board of Examiners

for Criminologists in the Philippines).

PCAP- Professional Criminologist Association of the Philippines

CRIMINOLOGY -the legitimate organization of criminologists recognized by
- From the Latin word “crimen” (accusation), and Greek “logia” (study). Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).
- Is the scientific study of crime, criminals and criminal behaviour.
- Is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It
includes within its scope the process of making laws, the breaking of PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS OF CRIMINOLOGY (Tradio, 1990)
laws and the reaction towards the breaking of laws.
(Before cause/origin)1. Criminal Etiology- an attempt at scientific analysis
- It is an interdisciplinary field of Inquiry- that is psychology, psychiatry,
of the causes of crime.
sociology, law, medicine, statistics, economics, and political science in
order to provide an integrated approach in the study of crimes and (During) 2. Sociology of law- an attempt at scientific analysis of
criminal behaviours. Related areas of inquiry may include juvenile the conditions under which penal or criminal law develop as a process of
delinquency, victimology (study of crime victims), theories of formal social control.
prevention, policing, and corrections.
- Coined by Rafael Garrofalo - Within the study of society
- Used first time in French by Paul Topinard. - Intervention of society
- Relation of crime, society and the law.
(After) 3.Penology- concerned with the rehabilitation
CRIMINOLOGIST and treatments of offenders.

- Is a professional who studies crime, criminals, criminal behavior and

efforts to control crime. PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS OF CRIMINOLOGY (EDWIN
- One who is trained in the field of criminology and studies the nature SUTHERLAND)
and extent of crime; patterns of criminality; explanations and causes of
crime and criminal behavior; and the control of crime and criminal 1. Sociology of Law
behavior. 2. Treatment of Offender
- Is any person who is a graduate of the Degree of Criminology, who has 3. Explaining crime and criminal behaviour
passed the examination for criminologists and is registered as such by
 NATURE OF CRIMINOLOGY
1. It is an applied science - in the study of causes of crimes,
anthropology, psychology, sociology and other natural science may be
applied, while in crime detection, chemistry and medicine, physics
mathematics, ballistics, polygraphy, legal medicine, questioned
documents examination may be utilized in crime detection.
2. It is a social science – in as much as crime is a of social creation that
exist in a society being social phenomenon, its study must be
considered a part of social science. This means the study of
criminology includes not only the study of crimes and criminal
behaviour but also the reaction of society towards crime and criminal
behaviour. (Social science- refers to the intellectual and academic
discipline designed to understand the social world objectively. It is the
study of the various aspects of human society.
-reaction of the society
3. It is dynamic – criminology as a social condition changes. It is related
with the advancement of the other sciences that have been applied to
it. It means that the study of crime varies from place to place,
generation to generation and from culture to culture. The study of crime
changes criminal laws, values, beliefs, social structure and other social
structure and other social factors change.
4. It is nationalistic – the study of crime must be in relation with the
existing criminal law within the territorial or country.
- Not universally accepted
5. Interdisciplinary – many disciplines are involved in the study of
crimes and criminal behaviour such as sociology, psychology,
psychiatry, economics, social science, etc.
(Area/Saklaw) SCOPE OF CRIMINOLOGY
The study of criminology covers the following scope:
1. The study of the origin and development of criminal law or penal
law.
2. The study of the causes of crimes and development of criminals.
3. Study of the different factors that enhance the development of the
criminal behaviour such as: (the relation of criminology to the
society)
a) Criminal demography – the study of the relationship
between criminality and population.
b) Criminal epidemiology – the study of criminality in relation
to spatial distribution in a community.
c) Criminal ecology – the study of relationship between
environment and criminality.
d) Criminal physical anthropology – the study of criminality in
relation to physical constitution of men.
e) Criminal psychology – the study of human mind and
behaviour in relation to criminality.
f) Criminal Psychiatry – the study of mental and behavioural
disorders in relation to criminality
g) Victimology – study of the role of the victim in crime
commission.
 victim precipitation- victim is the cause of
the crime done
 victimless- crime without complainant
victim himself is the victim
 victim proneness- because of physical
(ex.small kids bullied)
MAJOR AREAS OF STUDY IN CRIMINOLOGY

1. CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY- includes the fundamentals of criminology;

juvenile delinquency; human behaviour, and crisis management; ethics
and community relations; and criminal justice system
2. CRIMINAL LAW AND JURISPREDENCE- covers the study of the
Revised Penal Code and its amendments, and other laws that are
penal in nature; criminal procedure; and the law on evidence
3. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION- embraces police
organization; operational planning; patrol; industrial security
management; intelligence and secret service; police records and
personnel management.
4. CRIME DETECTION, INCESTIGATION AND PREVENTION- consist
of criminal, special and arson investigation; vice control; traffic
management and accident investigation; and police report writing.
5. CRIMINALISTICS- covers the following areas;
a. Dactyloscopy- science of fingerprinting
b. Police photography- study of the black and white and colored
photograph (both film based and digital photography)
c. Polygraphy- the science of lie detected examination
d. Questioned Document examination- study of disputed documents
e. Ballistics- study of firearms and bullets
f. Forensic Medicine- application of medical science to elucidate legal
problems
g. Forensic chemistry- application of chemical principles in the
solution of problems that arise in connection with the administration
of justice.
6. Corrections- deals with the institution and non-institution correctional
system of approach.