Uh...

welcome to the great ways to

study workshop
this workshop today is primarily
related to
textbook study methods
and uh... I don't know if you love
textbooks
most people say no thank you
but when people open text books
and try
to uh... read and concentrate and
learn that's
one of the hardest aspects for most
people
of being a college student people
have said
if
there were no textbooks
I would love college
but there are textbooks
these are the three topics that we're
gonna
cover today and then there will be
 a few more
related to it next week the first one
we're
gonna talk about for a few minutes
is summaries
everybody here knows what
summaries are at
the end of chapters in text books uh
do all
text books have summaries
at the end of each chapter
no they should there should be a
law but
they don't
but whenever there is a summary
at the end
of a chapter that usually covers
fifteen
twenty
thirty pages worth of material and
it boils
it down to one
or two which is very valuable but
I want to see if you can figure this
out
I ask students all the time when
you get
to a summary at the end of a
chapter what
do you do with it what's your
approach
a lot of people give me a very
scary answer what do you think
they say
yeah they say oh i don't do
summaries
I skipped those
I say why do you skip em and
usually they
either
say because I'm lazy
and because when I get to the end
of the
chapter
it's the last thing so if I skip the
last
 thing
I'm done
and so that's a simple idea and then
other
people say this they say
because everytime I look at a
summary there's
nothing new in there
it's just the same thing I just read in
the
chapter and I didn't like it when I
read it
so why would I want to read it
again in the
summary so they just ignore that
I hope you know that's not a very
good idea
uh... for a person to ignore a
summary usually
causes their grade on the test to
drop
so I'm gonna make a guess here
and this is
 all it is
the average college class where the
textbook
is an important part of what you do
and that's
the most classes
my guess is that somewhere
between seventy
and ninety percent
of everything that's in the summary
is going to show up on the test in
one form
or another it may even be closer to
a hundred
percent in some areas
that's because the summary is
made up of
nothing
but main ideas and important facts
from the
chapter
so what i want to show you is this
i want you to learn if you haven't
 already
not only to pay attention to the
summary but
you should be an expert at it
because it should help you when
the test comes
and there are only two ways I
know
to help a person be an expert at a
summary
the first one doesn't work very well
and that's
to read it about twenty times and
hope it
soaks into your brain
that's better than not reading it but
that's
not the best and the second way to
become
an expert at this is what I'm going
to teach
you
which is one of my favorite
 methods
it's something that I used a lot
when I was
in college and whenever you can
find something
that helps you
and it doesn't take a lot of time or
effort
and it's helpful
that's good that's kind of what we
want so I wanna have you take a
look at this
could you pass one straight to the
back there
and one across thanks
ok what you're looking at here
when you
get this is a summary from a real
college textbook in the area of
health it's
not important that you know any of
this but
I want you to look at it take a quick
 glance
at it and let me know something
that should
be a very easy thing
what do you notice here that looks
different
than any summary you've ever
seen before
yep um... well yeah that to that is
just
the
way that book is but what did you
say
again
yeah blanks
0:04:08.659,0:04:10.029
all over the place
0:04:10.029,0:04:14.559
I don't know about
you but I don't think I've
ever seen a summary
with blanks in it it's just a
0:04:14.559,0:04:16.559
 regular text normally
0:04:16.559,0:04:18.889
well that means that
somebody actually
0:04:18.889,0:04:21.959
put these blanks in
there inserted them in there
uh... who do you think did that
yeah me boy you accuse me yeah
that's right
me I took what you need to have in
your hand which is a uh... little tool
that's
one of the best rules you could
have as a student
what do you need to have in your
hand to
create
blanks on a piece of paper
you need white out
right liquid paper white out or
whatever you
call
it and so what I did to create what
you're
looking at here which again didn't
take hours
and hours in fact it just took a
minutes
was I've made a copy of the actual
summary
that's what this is and then I
grabbed my
white-out
and I read through each sentence
and then
went back and whited out certain
words
and then what I was done I let it
dry for
a while and then I grabbed a black
pen
and I made the blanks just so that I
could see
a little better where they were
okay all of that that whole process
 takes
very
little time and very little effort now
two quick things before I go into
this anymore
um...
how do you know which words
you're supposed
to white-out out
how do you determine that because
you're
the
one with uh...
the white out in your hands so
what kind of words do you white
out
yeah vocabulary the easiest answer
is uh...
important words ok
I've had a few students
misunderstand t
his
before and they actually went
 through and
waited out words but they whited
out the word
the and
uh... like that and what you're
trying t o
create for yourself obviously what
this is
is like a a test a fill-in the blank test
and it's very embarrassing if you
do with
the
wrong way and then you go back
later and
you
see a blank and you're thinking
what word
goes in there oh I know it's the
so what is that right so the words
you take
out it's your choice
totally but they are the keywords
and t
 he
other thing
um...
it's a really smart move on your
part
not to white-out too many words
not to go
crazy with the white house there's
only one
place on this page where I kind a
went cr
azy
with the white out where is that

yeah number three uh... blank

blank blank
blank blank blank all of that
normally you don't want to do that
why d
id
I do that here it's because it's a list
and
I wanted to be able to write in all
 the
words
so that I would know when the test
cam
e
uh... if you normally read a
sentence in
your
summary when you go back over it
and
it says
the blank of the blank blank blank
is blank
good luck even knowing what
that's asking
so you want to sort of under use
the whi
te
out a little bit
and if you look at this carefully I
could've
whited out five or ten or fifteen
more wor
 ds
easily but you don't want to go
overboard
wi
th it so uh... after I was done
and there's nothing special by the
way
about
this number
there are thirty-six blanks on here
so this
I
s like a thirty six question test now
um... after completing it so that it
lo
oks
like this
what you would do would be to go
to th
e cheapest
copy place you could find and m
ake about five
to ten copies of this and then take
 them
home
and put them away somewhere

you can do this what I just

described befo
re
you've read the chapter while
you're read in
g
it
afterward anytime it doesn't matter
and
then
when you're all finished reading
the chapter
that this is the summary of
how much of this information are
you sup posed to know
yeah all of it I've had some people
say
maybe fifty one two percent no all
of it
right because probably most of it is
going
to show up on the test how do you
know if
you know it
only one way to find out
you go to your
stash of uh... little quizzes you grab
one
and you sit there and you take the
test and
you fill in the blanks as many as
you can
when you're done you correct it
and what do
you need to correct something you
need an answer key
what's the answer key
yeah the actual summary in the
book right so
you put it side by side it just takes
a minute to correct it
 I always used to do this by
correcting in
a different color because that helps
you to
sort of see where you messed up
and then what
you do is you put a number one in
the corner
meaning that this is my first
attempt and
then you
study it for a while
and then you put it away and you
go away for
awhile
even if it's an hour or two
now quick question for you uh...
how do
you
think you're going to do on this the
first time you try
what do you think
yeah not so good and I've had
 some people say
oh no I get a hundred percent
and I said wow
how intelligent you are that's so
great why
would you get a hundred percent
and they said
well
because 'm the one who took the
words out
so I know which ones they are
and whenever somebody says that
to me I look
at them and say
I think you're giving yourself way
too much
credit in the memory department if
you do
what I just showed you and then
you put them
away for a few days when you pick
it up to take it
it'll be almost like someone else
 made it
and you'll either know it or you
won't just like
on any test
so I'm gonna give you a number
that's just
an
example and that is let's say that
the first
time you take this
you get fifteen right out of thirty
six
now that's less than half so what
grade is this
yeah f not a c_-minus minus minus
it's an f it's never fun in life ever to
get an f on
a test but whenever this happened
to me which
was often I would think
I've just got an f I'm so glad I got
this at home two days before the
test rather than
on the real test right cuz is no harm
no foul
it doesn't count ok later on that day
or
the next day I'd go back and I grab
another
blank copy and I sit for a few
minutes and
I take it again
correct it
study it put a two in the corner put
it away go away
that over and over as many times
as you can
over the last few days before the
test day ok
now the second time you take it
how should
you do
yeah uh... better
how much better
I don't know
if you do worse come see me
because something is going on but
let's say
on the second try
you get twenty three out of thirty
six
so that's a nice big improvement
well if you
did the math on this and you figure
out the
percentage now you've got a d
so then you can go to anybody you
live with
and confuse them totally by saying
guess what
I just got a d
and they're saying why are you so
excited
say well
an hour ago I got an f
in other words
things are getting better right and
then the
bottom line of this why this
 tends to help in addition to what
I've already
mentioned is that the night before
the real
test you grab your last copy maybe
it's the
fourth one or the ninth one or
whatever and
you take it one last time
how are you going to do on it the
last time
yeah you should uh... let's say this
let's
say this is your seventh try
you get thirty five out of thirty six
because
you're a human being so you miss
one right
everybody here knows what grade
that is right
and so
I forgot to mention earlier that
what some
people have told me is they took it
the first
time and they did really badly
and so they crumble it up and
threw it away
cuz who wants to keep something
like that
but you don't want to do that you
keep them
all and that's so in the end you
have this final payoff you grab all
seven copies or however many
there are
and you find a table or the floor in
your
living room or whatever and you
lay them
all out one two three four five
ectera and
then you go back and look at the
first one
and then look at the last one and
then just
 stand there and admire yourself
okay and what are you admiring
yeah your
progress your improvement right
and what is
that supposed to do for you the
next day
yeah confidence
if I had you read this summary five
times
and then you came back here
some other day and I was going to
give you
a test on it and I met you right at
the door and
I said are you ready
you know everything really well
all you can do if you read this five
times would be to say
hope so
I read it a lot and I think it's in
there somewhere
but there's not a lot of confidence
 when you

do this you have physical proof of

the
fact
that you've improved

that always encourages people

now want to tell you one last thing
about this
uh...
this should be kind of obvious but i
always
like to mention it
if you
uh...
study this way
it's a very helpful way whenever
you have
a good summary in a text book but
just knowing what words go in a
bunch of
blanks
doesn't make you completely ready
to take
the test you have to
study in other ways as well
but again the idea back to this is
that
virtually every fact on this page
would be on your test and if you
don't know
the keywords that go in the blanks
that's usually a bad sign so you
continue
to do this and again it doesn't take
hours
to do it's pretty simple
and it's also kind of turns it into a
little
bit of a game you're competing
against yourself
to see if you can do better each
time and
that sounds a little better than just
staring at it hour after hour ok so
 that's
the idea on this one any questions
on this ok
um... the second one of the three
that we're
going to talk about today
is a method that most people have
never heard
of and hardly anybody has ever
tried but it actually
works great
in certain textbooks
not all but in certain ones and that's
called
reading in layers
what i'm gonna do to teach you this
is I'm
going to do this
sort of backwards instead of
explaining what
we're doing I want to actually do
this
with you so you're gonna learn by
 doing and
I'm gonna hand this to you and I'm
gonna ask
you to do me a favor I'm gonna
hand it
upside
down
which is kind of a strange way
and I don't want you to turn it over
and
look at it until I get back to the
front
because I want us to turn it over at
the
same
time and do this little activity
together
so you
can just keep it in front of you but
no peeking
yep in just a minute when
everybody's set
I'm gonna ask you to turn the page
 over and
what we're going to do is we're
actually going
to read this together
I'm gonna read it uh...
Out loud you just follow along
silently
and we're not gonna read the whole
page that
would take way too long we're
only gonna read
certain sentences that have been
selected
I'll explain later why and you'll
know which
sentences we're gonna read
because they're
numbered
on there and what I want you to try
to do
I know this is kind of difficult but I
want
you to try
 is stay with me as I read the
sentences and
don't let your eyes wander and read
other
things on the page I know there's a
temptation
to do that
but just focus on what were doing
and then
I'm going to kind of put you to the
test on
this a little bit so go ahead and turn
it over and let me read these
sentences number
one
eating disorders are grouped into
three categories
obesity bulimia and anorexia
nervosa
number two obesity is the
condition of being
overweight
to the extent that a person's health
 and life
span is adversely affected number
three
while
the majority of cases of obesity are
psychologically
based
some have been demonstrated to
have a biological
component
number four
bulimia is sometimes called the
silent killer
because it is difficult to detect
number five this disorder involves
a cycle
of eating binges and purges and
number six
anorexia nervosa
is a nutritional deficiency disease
characterized
by severe prolonged weight loss
okay now here's what i want you to
 do
I'm gonna give you about a minute
and I
want
you to go back and re read those
six sentences
as many times as you can
don't read anything else on the
page again
just focus on those and just soak it
into
your brain
and then I'm gonna put you to the
test on
it so you got one minute to uh
learn these a little bit better
alright what I'd like everybody to
do is go
ahead and take that handout and
turn it
over
so that you can't see it
no peaking okay and I'm gonna ask
 uh...
just for volunteers really quickly to
go through here
what was one of the eating
disorders on the page
bulimia another one
obesity and
anorexia nervosa
um... the definition was given for
obesity
and it was kinda long so it's always
kinda
hard to remember but
it says the person is overweight
and two
things
are affected
anybody remember
one or both
health and life wow you're doing
well health
and life span that's good
um...
 what is the source of obesity
usually according
to that
psychological and then every once
in awhile
biological and what's the nickname
given
to
bulimia silent killer why's it called
that
hard to detect and what does it
involve
binge and purges
and then the last part and if you
can get
this all I'm very uh
amazed
the definition was given for
anorexia nervosa
long definition
it describes it as a certain kind of
disease
and also describes the weight loss
 with
two
words that describe it
what do you remember
ohhh everybody got quiet all of a
sudden
that's uh... that's almost exactly
right what
kind of disease is it
nutritional
deficiency disease
you can read that twenty times and
it's hard
to stick in your mind cuz it's a long
phrase and then it's severe
and
prolonged those are the weight loss
ok
now want you to go ahead and turn
the page
back over
and uh... what we just did was
called reading
 in layers
it but now we want to go back and
figure out
what was that all about what is that
and um the basic way you do this
is that you read certain sentences
that you've selected
and then you test yourself on what
you just read
and every time you can't remember
something
what do you do
yeah you cheat
oh yeah
and then you say it and you keep
practicing
until you can say
the whole thing like we just did ok
so
uh...
what is this all about
well when you read in layers this
method
uh requires you to read three types
of sentences
the first two are the most common
for sure
and then the third one is every once
in a while
when you look at these sentences
and you look
at sentence number one three four
and six
all of those have something in
common with
each other
I want to see if you can figure out
what
that is it
has to do with location that's
my hint one
three four and six
where are those
yeah beginning of a paragraph so
the number
one thing this is kind of the
 primary feature of this
is that you read
the first sentence
of each paragraph
okay in those obviously aren't hard
to find
you can locate them quickly and
you read em
why is it may be helpful to read the
first
sentence of the paragraph what's
the point of that
yeah topic sentence and then what
does the
rest of the paragraph do
give details right now
is that always the way paragraphs
are written
no uh... if I were made the king of
all text
books or whatever I would make
that a law
cuz it makes your job a lot easier
 as a student
sometimes in a textbook the main
idea of a
paragraph's the last sentence or it's
buried
in the middle somewhere that
makes it very
confusing
but a lot of textbook authors
actually write
their books this way
where most of the time the first
sentence
of a paragraph is a definition or
some other
big fact and that helps you so that's
why
you focus on that in this method
now sentence number two is not
the first sentence
of the paragraph obviously
and
this is hard for people to see so you
 have to just
kind of trust me on this
the word obesity at the start of
sentence
number two is in bold print
it doesn't really look like it that
much because
this has been copied so many times
but it is
so the second type of sentence you
read when
you do this is you read
any sentence
with a bold print word
and again those are easy to find
you don't
have to hunt for them they're right
there
why is it important to read a
sentence with
a bold print word because it has a
bolt
print word
right so the author is saying this is
an important
word so you read that sentence ok
so these are pretty easy and then
there's only one sentence here that
we haven't
really accounted for yet which is
sentence number five
if you look at that that is not the
first sentence
of a paragraph it has no bold print
words
so why was that pick and the
answer is
in the sentence right before it
sentence
four
if you look carefully at sentence
four you know
that not only is that the first
sentence
of the paragraph but
it also has a bold print word the
 word bulimia is in bold
so when I was doing this when I
was setting
up this page
and I saw
that it had a bold print word and it's
the
first sentence of a paragraph
what did I assume I would read in
that sentence
yeah the definition of it right
did I get that in there
no I got an interesting little
nickname right
silent killer but it didn't really tell
me
what it was so I had to look a
couple sentences
further down
and then I found it
so what does that mean well it
means this
the last part of what you do
 which won't happen
a lot but every once in awhile
is you read any other sentence
that seems important
so even if it's not the first sentence
of the paragraph
even if it has no bold print words if
for some reason
your eyes are drawn to it
you read that to ok and
when you do this with text books
by the way
you're not supposed to get out your
pen or pencil and
number the sentences in your book
the reason
I did that was so that you can see
where I
wanted you to uh... look but
obviously
you
can find these easily and sort of
spot
 those
so you just basically read ok now
this is how you do it
it doesn't work with all text books
because
all textbooks are not written where
the first
sentence has something significant
but what
I wanted to tell you about this is
sort of the purpose
when people first learn how to do
this they think
oh this is going to be my favorite
reading idea
ever because you
skip all kinds of stuff
and think how fast you could read
a chapter
in a book when you just read those
and
you think oh man I'm a speed
reader this
 is great
uh... sorry to tell you this is not a
substitute
for reading the whole thing
if I gave everybody in here a test
right
now on those six sentences most of
you would
pass to get an a
if I actually gave you a test on the
whole thing
it would be an f for everbody
because you
haven't even read the page yet
so this is actually
a step of preview
it's something that you do first and
then
you go back and read the whole
thing
and people always say
you mean there's something else I
have
 to do
I'd rather just read it but the
purpose for
this and this is kind of where I'll
end with
this
by the way let me go ahead and
uh...
start the sign-up sheet if you would
uh... is this
when people read
the sentences that I've shown you
first
and
they go back and learn them
everything else they read once they
start
reading this all these details fits
into what
they've already learned it's almost
like they
took a bunch of folders
 labeled them
and every fact they just sort of
stick in
the right place
and usually when you do that first
and go
back everything just sort of
fits into your brain and you
remember it
a lot better
that's the purpose behind this and
so again
uh... for it's almost too late for now
because
your finals are just a couple weeks
away but for spring
when you first get into a class that
has a
big textbook and you think
I remember that reading in layers
method
take one page
read the first sentence of each
 paragraph and
and sentences of bold print words
just that
and when you're done you'll either
think wow
I've got a lot of important
information From that
which means that that book is
probably good
to use this for or
you'll get to the end of that you'll
think
i have no idea what i just read
and the reason is because in that
book
it may be that the first sentence of
each
paragraph for example is just an
introduction
and the main important points are
way down
further so then this won't work so
you can
figure out really easily whether it's
sort of clicks or not
ok any questions on this one
all right
okay this is from an anatomy book
I don't know
if you have had anatomy or not but
uh...
that's
like a separate foreign language
that you have to learn
and um... the information at the on
this page
which you'd never know unless
somebody told
you or you had background is
actually about the brain
different parts of the brain
and this
uh... as you look at the top you see
that
it's from page four o eight to four
ten that's
 three pages
how could I fit three pages worth
of textbook
material on here
it's because the rest of it was all
diagrams
of the brain so this is the actual text
from
three pages now let me read a
small part of
this and then I'll get to the point
behind
giving it to you
the white matter underlying the
cortex consists
of myelinated and unmyelinated
axons
extending in three principal
directions
one association fibers transmit
nerve impulses
between gyri in the same
hemisphere
 to comissural fibers transmit
impulses
and
already I'm getting a headache and
I'm think'n
are you kidding
to learn this not only do you have a
dictionary
by
beside you but
this is only three pages out of a
thirty
page chapter
so can you imagine learning ten
times this
much
to get ready for a test is pretty
overwhelming
well rather than learning it this way
by just reading
it and then going over and over
and over it
there's another way that I think
 you're
gonna
find kind of interesting to learn this
and it has to do with
outlining
and so I want you to keep that
handout
uh...
in front of you for just a minute
and I'm gonna give you another
handout that
I want you to compare
with that one and then I'm gonna
do an exercise
with you and see how all of you
are
incredibly sharp on that first one
so now I'm at my expectations are
really high
for you so that may be dangerous
uh...
take a look at this right beside your
other
 one
kind of back and forth
ok um... as you see on the uh...
original page the actual text
there are two main topics on that
page which
are white matter and basal ganglia
then you look over on the outline
and what
are the two topics there
the two main topics
white matter and basil ganglia so in
other words
these two are exactly the same
except the
way they're
put on the page ok and I want to
demonstrate
something to you and so I want
you to take
this handout the first one of the two
and I want you to turn that over so
you can't
 look at it anymore
and I just want you to keep this
uh... outline
in front of you and this is called
class participation
so that means I need to hear
a lot of
voices don't raise your hand I just
want you to go for it
I'm gonna ask you a few questions
first with
this right in front of you
so that's about as easy as it's ever
going to get so again
how many topics are on this page
two what's the first one
white matter second one
basal ganglia underneath white
matter how
many topics are there
there are two what's the first one
basic fact second one
types of fibers ok now that's pretty
 easy right
turn the page over
so you can't see it
how many topics are on the page
two first one
white matter second one
under white matter how many
topics
two first one
basic facts second one
types of fibers
how many basic facts are there
how many types
of fibers
I don't know... we haven't looked
yet go ahead and take
it and look again
ok again same repeat just repeat
with me
k
how many topics on the page
two first one
white matter second one basal
 ganglia under
white matter how many
two first one how many three
second one
types of fibers how many three
okay and then
take a look under types of fibers
and you
see the names of the three fibers
there
when you look at the first letter of
each
one of those three
what word can you make out of
those three letters
you can make
two actually one would be cap
the other one would be
pac
well we'll go ahead let's go ahead
and use cap alright
so while you're looking at it
which one is this
some of you are looking at me like
what's
the answer
look here right
let's start here again what's this one
comissural
and projection ok now turn it back
over and
we'll see how smart you are
ok how many topics are on the
page
two
uh... what's the first one
white matter the second one
basil ganglia yeah
under white matter how many
topics two first one
basic facts second one
types of fibers
uh... how many basic facts are
there three what are they
I don't know...um how many types
of fibers three ok
 what's this one
comissural... yeah what's this one
association
and projection
now before we go any further
when you leave
here today if you run into
somebody you know
and or maybe even when you get
home somebody
in your family
if they say what did you do in
school today
you say why I did a few things but
I went to a workshop
and I learned some things
what did you learn
well I learned that in the white
matter of
the brain there are three types of
fibers

and they look at you and go wow

 that's very impressive
what are they
you say well uh... to remember that
most effectively
I use the acronym cap
and the c is for comissural the a is
for association
and the p is for projection and they
look at you
man you learned a lot today and
then here's what they ask you
what do those different fibers do
and you say
gotta go
and then you run right because you
haven't gotten that far yet
so go ahead and turn the page
back over
if we continued with this
what you would be doing is and
again this
is the benefit of outlining is that
you start on the left
 and you keep repeating
and then you add one little layer
each time
like we're doing and the next thing
you would do
would be to learn the basic facts
and then
after that you would start to learn
what is
about uh... what the truths were
about the different fibers
just kind of layering on
each set of facts now
uh... if I uh...
tested you
next week in the workshop and a
by the way
I'm not going to do that cuz
otherwise nobody's
gonna come back but just assuming
okay
that had when you walked in i gave
you a test on this material
 uh... but
I said this I said you know uh...
when you
leave
here in a few minutes
uh... you're not allowed to take
both of these with you
you're only allowed to take one
that's all you can take
which one would you take to study
yeah almost everybody says the
outline I say well why
it's the same thing and everyone
says no it's not
ok it's the same thing but the way
it's packaged
makes it look a little more hopeful
for most
people a lot of times people look at
this
and you see all the words that are
in bold print
your thinking boy
 those are all terms that I would
need to know
for my anatomy test
and if you read this and you
highlighted certain
things and you read it twenty times
you'd have no real idea whether
you had it or not
but if you actually
studied the outline and you kind of
did it the
way that I showed you
at the very end you'd realize that
you learned
way more than you thought you
could
now it would be nice
if every text book had every page
like this
than everybody would get a's in
every class and all that but
it's not the case
uh... can you take the time to take
 everything
in your book and turn it into
outlines of
your own
uh... yes if you never wanna sleep
again and
you never want to eat again you
can actually
sit there it takes time to do but my
main
point here is that most people and
this is
not true everybody but most people
learn a lot better when they can see
connections
in relationships like this rather than
just
seeing a bunch of black ink on a
paper
and if you are ever in a class that's
pretty tough
and you read through one or two
pages and
you realize that those pages were
just
filled with one definition after the
other kind of
dense or compacted
then you just think it how in the
world
am
I gonna learn all this
what you do is say let me try to
make an
outline out of it and see if that's
easier for me to study
um one of these days after this
semester is over
if you still have these if you
haven't made
paper airplanes out of them or
use them as scratch paper
you can always sit
for a little while and go back
and look back and forth and try to
see how
 this was
constructed sometimes people look
at this and they see
well small a
three and it seems like it's
extremely complicated
but it's not that difficult once you
are able
read things and know how to plug
them in
and of course most things you get
in college
are not quite this
advanced and difficult so if you
can learn
how
to do it with this
you should be able to learn how to
do it with
some other things as well and so
that's
the
goal of all of this is to say again
 that this
doesn't work with every text book
or every class
if you tried to do this with the math
textbook
have fun I don't think that would
work so
again you try to learn a whole
bunch of different
strategies and tools and then figure
out which
one is the perfect fit for
that book as opposed to that one
and no method works great for
every book
and also no method works great for
every
student
it depends on how your brain
works
et cetera
but if you have all these as kind of
ammunition
and you remember em you can just
experiment
early in the semester and find out
what the perfect fit is
and there should be one
sometimes people can even use
two or three
of these techniques
uh... in the same class other times
only one works but
whatever works is kind of helpful
okay
so uh... any questions on this one
clear to everybody
okay and then
I want you to look up at me do not
look down
what are the three fibers again
comissural association
and projection
when you leave here in a minute
if i walk down the hall and i hear
you
 saying
cap cap comissural I'll be so happy
even
you say I'd never need to know that
in my entire life well
it just shows you that when you
learn something
a certain way it
sticks and then you can show off
your knowledge
and then hope nobody asks you
any follow-up
questions cuz then you gotta run ok
ok thank
you very much for coming today
and I wanna
get uh the sign in sheet..

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