#### HSE in Short notes

Q1
a. Safety being relatively free from harm, danger, damage
injury.
b. Risk measure of both frequency and severity of hazards.
c. Hazard unsafe condition, the potential for an activity or
condition to produce harm.
d. ……….. Are intended to the entire face from a variety of
chemical hazards.
e. …………. Are secondary protectors intended to shield the
eyes and face from optical radiation, heat and impact.
f. Dizziness or fainting while standing still in the heat for long
periods of time is the major symptoms of Heat syncope.
g. During the summer PPE worn during pest control operation
may increase the risk of Heat Stress.
h. In the psychological approach, top management
commitment is required.
i. FTA is a methodology that concentrates on the end results
which is usually an incident.
j. Epidemiological studies are strictly people not animals
Q2
a. State 9 Engineering Principles?
1-Eliminate.
2- Substitute.
3- Guard
4-Barriers
5-Warn with alarms
6- Labels
7- Filters
8-Exhaust Ventilation
9- Human Interface.
The three lines of defense in engineering approach are:
1. Engineering controls
2. Administrative or work practice controls
3. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Why can’t we use 10:1 as swift criteria for safety factors?
1. Costs
2. Weights
3. Infeasibility
4. Speed
5. Horsepower
6. Dimension
 b. What do we mean by FMEA, FTA, HAZOP, HAZAN, PHA,
and HAZCOM, HMIS, NFPA?
FMEA: Failure Mode Effect Analysis.
FTA: Failure Tree Analysis.
HAZOP: Hazard and Operability.
HAZAN: Hazard Analysis.
PHA: Process Hazard Analysis.
HAZCOM: Hazard Communication.
HMIS: Hazardous Material Identification System
NFPA: National Fire Protection Association
c. OSHA employs a scale of four categories of hazards or
standard violations what is that?
1- Imminent Danger.
2- Serious Violations
3- Non-Serious Violations
4- De minims violations

d. We accept risk(s) in three cases: What is that?

1. We do not know it exist
2. Its insignificant low
3. When it’s worth it
e. What are the extinguishing agents for Class B and K
Fires?
Class B: Foam or Carbon dioxide + Dry Chemicals
Class K:
 f. What are the stages of Fire?
1- Ignition.
2- Growth.
3- Fully developed
4- Decay
g. What are factors that affect fire development?

1. Fuel type
2.Availability and location of additional fuel
3. Compartment volume and ceiling height
4. Ventilation
5. Thermal properties of the compartment
6. Ambient conditions
7. Fuel load

h. A fire extinguisher labeled with letter “K” is for use on class K

fires. What are those fires?
Combustible Cooking media
Cooking Oil
Grease
### 2
Q1
1. Complete the 10 strategies to Prevent or Reduce fire in
energy theory
a. Prevent the marshalling of energy
b. Reduce the amount of energy marshaled
c. Prevent the release of energy
d. Modify the rate at which energy is released from its
source or modify the spatial distribution of the released
energy.
e. Separate in space or time the energy being released from
the structure that can be damaged or the human who can be
injured.
f. Separate the energy being released from structure or
person that can suffer loss by interposing a barrier.
g. Modify the surfaces of structures that come into contact
with people or other structure.
h. Strengthen the structure or person susceptible to
damage.
i. Detect damage quickly and counter its continuation or
extension.
j. During the period following damage and return to normal
conditions , take measures to restore a stable condition
Q2
Give at least seven examples of confined spaces and what
the hazard of confined spaces?
1. Elevator shaft
2. Boilers
3. Pits
4. Manhole
5. Sewers
6. Tunnels
7. Pipes
8. Cooling tower
The primary hazard of entering confined space is oxygen
deficiency
Q3
Chemicals are classified as having physical hazard if they are:
1. Explosive
2. Compressed gas
3. Combustible liquids
4. Flammable
5. Unstable
6. Water reactive
7. Oxidizer
Q4
Chemicals are classified as being health hazard if they:
1. Can cause cancer.
2. Are poisonous (toxic).
3. Cause harm to your skin , internal organs or nervous system
4. Are corrosive such as acids
5. Cause allergic reactions after repeated exposure.
Q5
Each MSDS tells you:
1. The common name and chemical name of the material
2. Name, address and phone number of the manufacturer
3. Emergency phone numbers for immediate hazard
information.
4. Date the MSDS was written
5. Hazardous ingredients
6. Physical & health hazards of the chemicals
7. Identification of chemical and physical properties
8. First Aid / Emergency information
9. Safe handling and use information
Q6
What are the stages of systematic approach to incident
investigation?
1. Respond immediately to the incident
2. Investigate the incident
3. Analyze the data and determine the root cause.
4. Recommend corrective action
5. Implement recommendation
6. Follow up.
Q7
What are the sources of root cause in incident investigation?
1. Equipment
2. People
3. Environment
4. Management
Q8
There are a variety of data elements you should look for during
the investigation what are they for an Employee characteristics?
1. Time in current position
2. Frequency of activity
3. Training
4. Department
 5. Age
6. Sex

Q9
What is the fundamental concept behind:
1. The enforcement approach?
“Since people neither assess hazard properly nor make prudent
precautions, they should be given rule to follow and be subjected
to penalties for breaking those rules”
2. The psychological approach?
Reward safe behavior
3. The analytical approach deals with hazard by what?
1. Study their mechanisms
2. Analyzing statistical histories
3. Computing probabilities of accidents
4. Conducting epidemiological and toxicological studies
5. Weighting costs and benefits of hazards elimination
Q10
Red: fire hazard
Blue: Health Hazard
Yellow: Reactivity Hazard – explosive, unstable
White: Special Hazards, Corrosive, radioactive, water reactive
acid product, oxidizers, alkali or bases
Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off
enough vapor to form a flammable mixture with air.

Flame point lowest temperature at which sufficient vapors are

produced to support a small flame for short time
Q11
What is the sequence of occurrence of boiling liquid expanding
vapor explosion?
1. Tank is heated
2. Internal pressure rises beyond ability to vent
3. Tank fails catastrophically
4. Liquid fuel at or above boiling point is released
5. Liquid immediately turns into a rapidly expanding cloud of
vapor.
6. Vapor ignites into a huge fireball.
Q12
What is flashover and its signs?
Sudden ignition of all contents
Minimal chance of survival
Flashover often occurs just as fire fighters arrive on the scene
Signs of flashover
 • Dense black smoke with tightly packed curls
• Dense smoke fills over half of a door or window
• Flame over (Rollover) visible
Q13
What is ROLLOVER and its signs?

• Rollover a warning signs of imminent flashover

• Lick of flame ignite briefly in upper layers of smoke
• Situation calls for aggressive cooling of atmosphere,
immediate exit, or immediate ventilation.
Q14
What is backdraft, its signs and modes of prevention?
 BACKDRAFT is an explosion that occurs when oxygen is
suddenly admitted to a confined area that is very hot and
filled with combustible vapors
 Signs of impending backdraft:
 Little or no flame visible
 Smoke emanating under pressure from cracks
 No large opening
 Living fire visible
 Unexplained change in color of smoke
 Glass smoke stained or blackened
 Signs of extreme heat
Prevention of backdrafts:
(1) Ventilate at high level to allow superheated gases
to escape
(2) Well-coordinated fire attack