In all fire cases, loss of lives, jobs, investments

and properties can literally go

up in smoke just in a matter of hours.
Knowledge on the behavior, causes, effects
and safety tips can help save lives and
properties.
 DRRR
The Elements of Fire
Triangle
OBJECTIVES:
1. Define fire and identify the elements of the fire
triangle;
2. Identify the different causes of fire;
3. Understand and determine the difference
between natural and human-made causes of fire;
4. Enumerate ways to avoid an prevent natural or
human made cause of fire
 TRUE - LIES

1. When a combustible
material is heated, it
burns.
 TRUE -LIES

2. A small fire inside a

glass container dies
down when it is tightly
covered.
 TRUE -LIES
3. In photosynthesis, sunlight and
heat make chemical energy (in the
form of wood or fossil fuel); fire uses
chemical energy to produce light and
heat.
 TRUE -LIES

4. Fire is a thing,
not an event.
 TRUE -LIES

5. Assuming stable fuel, heat, and

oxygen levels, a typical house fire
is constant in size every minute
until the fire dies down.
 TRUE -LIES

6. Earth is the only

known planet where
fire can burn.
 TRUE- LIES

7. Water can be
produced by fire.
 TRUE- LIES
8. Using concentrated sunlight,
ancient Greeks were able to start fire.
A parabolic mirror that focuses solar
rays is still used to ignite the
Olympic torch.
 TRUE- LIES

9. Among the stages of fire,

the last stage which is the
“decay stage” takes the
longest time to finish
 TRUE -LIES

10.All fire extinguishers are

multipurpose, meaning each one
can put out all
types of fire caused by any
material.
 What is fire?
 Fire is known to be an event that happened when
matter changes from one form to another.
 Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the
exothermal chemical process of combustion,
releasing heat, light, and various reaction
products.
COMBUSTION REACTION
 Fuel
- any material that can be burned
such as solid, liquid, or gas.
- Combustion takes place when fuel

is converted into gaseous state as

moisture is removed.
 Heat
- energy that flows through object.
- Enough amount of heat would free the vapor
from solid and liquid forms of fuel.
- flash point- The lowest temperature needed to
form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface
of the liquid.
 Oxygen
- an element, estimated 21% of it can be found in
the air.
- During combustion process chemical reaction
takes place.
- Without an oxidizing agent like oxygen there will
be no fire even if heat and fuel are present.
Fire extinguishment
 1. REMOVING THE HEAT.
The goal here is to lower the
temperature which is usually
accomplished by adding water as an
extinguishing agent. Other
extinguishing agents include chemical
and mechanical foams.
 REMOVING THE FUEL
Removing the fuel from the fire is not a
practical way of extinguishing fire except
when dealing with flammable liquid fires,
valves can be shut off and storage vessels
pumped to safe areas to help eliminate the
supply of fuel to the fire.
 REMOVE THE OXYGEN.
Removal of the air or oxygen can
be accomplished by separating it from the
fuel source or by displacing it with
other gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen and
steam.
Causes of fire hazard
Causes of fire hazard
Causes of fire hazard
Causes of fire hazard
Causes of fire hazard
Causes of fire hazard
Causes of fire hazard
 Fire hazard: Natural or Human made?

1. Burning tree because it is struck by lightning.

2. Dried grass burned due to cigarette butt.
3. Leakage of LPG that might lead to explosion.
4. Charging of phones on top of the bed.
5. Forest fire due to absence of rain during El Niño
Phenomenon.
 Fire hazard: Natural or Human made?

6. Unattended grilling of chicken

7. Overheated car engine.
8. Farmland burned due to pyroclastic flow of
volcanic rocks.
9. Burning candles left on top of the bookshelves.
10. Children playing with a lighter that they found
on top of the coffee table.
Bahay Mo Ba ‘To?
Direction: Study the structure of your house and answer the following questions.

1. Do you think your house is fire resistant or not? Yes or No?

Explain your answer.
2. What are the things you would add to improve fire safety in
your house?
3. What are the things that you need to reduce/remove to make
it free from fire hazard?
4. If there is a part of your house that needs restructuring, what
would it be? Explain your answer.
Questions:
1. The incident is evidently a fire caused by
human. Is that human error or an error in the
machine /facility? Explain your answer.
2. Recognize the fire triangle in this incident
and illustrate it.
3. Is this kind of incident can be prevented?
How?
Questions:
4. If you belong to the group of victims that were
able to survive, what do you think are the reasons
why they were able to escape from the fire
incident?
5. What are the lessons did you learn after
watching the news clip that can be helpful for you
if in case you meet an accident similar to the
Ozone Disco Tragedy?
1. The following events are human-
error-induced fire EXCEPT_______.
a. leaking LPG tank
b. electrical overload
c. grassfire due to drought
d. burning candle near curtains
2. High rise buildings are built in with lightning rod, a
metal wherein its tip is found on top of the building
while its bottom part is embedded into the ground.
What is the main purpose of the rod?
a. to avoid lightning
b. to prevent electrical overload
c. to lessen the lightning that would strike the building
d. to prevent fire due to lightning when it hits the
building
3.Cigarettes can cause fire when
_____________.
a. it radiates heat
b. it is being rubbed together
c. it is carelessly thrown away
4.The following can be the most
common causes of household fires
EXCEPT_____.
a. candles
b. faulty wiring
c. stacks of hay
d. curious children
5.The following are improper handling of electric cords
EXCEPT______.
a. should be immersed in water while plugged in
b. should be hang up by the cord when not in use
c. should be covered with towels or blankets all the
time
d. should be thrown away when the cord is cracked,
frayed or discolored
6. What damage can a fire bring to
people?
A. It could make people wise.
B. It can worsen people’s poverty rate C.
It could endanger lives and properties
D. It could make people susceptible to
hunger.
7. What is the very first step to contain
fire?
A. Close all the doors.
B. Toss water to the fire.
C. Put off all visible smoke.
D. Extinguish the fire by tossing sand or
soil to the fire.
8. When can you say that a fire is already
under control?
A. When there is no more visible smoke
B. When all people have already evacuated C.
When damages had already been assessed
D. When fire escaping outside the lines is
unlikely
14. What should you do BEST if ever get
burned from a fire incident?
A. Do the PASS.
B. Shout for help.
C. Stop, Drop, and Roll.
D. Call the emergency hotline.
What is the best way to prevent fire incidents
in the community?
A. Design a fire proof wall.
B. Install fire extinguishers.
C. Conduct symposiums about fire
prevention.
D. Inspect all sources of heat in the house
regularly.
Response Procedure During a Fire Incident
 Common Fire Related Hazards
 1. Electricity
 2. Rubbish and waste material
 3. Smoking
 4. Cooking
 5. Heating appliances
 6. Combustible materials including
 7. Arson or willful fire-raising.
 Common Fire Related Hazards
 1. Electricity
 2. Rubbish and waste material
 3. Smoking
 4. Cooking
 5. Heating appliances
 6. Combustible materials including
 7. Arson or willful fire-raising.
 Fire Safety Precautions

1. Keeping your workplace tidy and having a good

standard of housekeeping;
2. Regularly removing combustible waste, including
accumulations of dust;
3. Keeping ignition sources away from combustible
material or flammable liquids and gases; and
4. Keeping use of flammable liquids to a minimum and
closing containers when not in use.
 R.A.C.E. Fire Response Procedure
 Rescue all stakeholders from direct danger.
 Alarm by pulling the fire alarm bell and reporting the
incident to the closest fire station to the location of the
fire.
 Confine the area by closing all doors
 Extinguish the fire if the fire is small. Evacuate all
personnel from the area
 What you should do during a fire incident?
 1. Check the door.
 2. P.A.S.S.
 3. Stay low
 Stop, Drop, and Roll
 National Emergency Hotline 911
What you should NOT do during a Fire Incident?
 1. Don’t install smoke alarm detectors.
 2. Pop upstairs to retrieve heirlooms, passports and pets.
 3. Open doors that have smoke flowing from the joints.
 4. Throw water on a chip pan fire
 6. Try and escape using an Elevator. The electric circuits are often
the first to blow.
 7. Jump from an upstairs window.
 8. Hide in a cupboard or under the bed.
 9. Delay calling the Fire and Rescue Services.
1. The best way to prevent fire incidents in
the community is __________________.
A. Designing a fire proof wall
B. Installing fire extinguishers
C. Conducting symposiums about fire
prevention
D. Inspecting all sources of heat in the house
regularly
2. Electric appliances must be “dust free”
because __________________.
A. It helps avoid overheat.
B. It helps keep its durability.
C. It helps the appliance look nice and
elegant.
D. It helps the appliance maintain high
performance
3.Any method like sounding bell, siren,
buzzer that is used in order to warn people of
a fire is called __________________.
A. Alarm
B. Confine
C. Extinguish
D. Rescue
 4.Fire is already under control when
__________________.
A. there is no more visible smoke
B. all people have already evacuated
C. damages had already been assessed
D. fire escaping outside the lines is
unlikely
 5. If one gets burned from a fire incident,
he/she must _______________.
A. Do the PASS.
B. Shout for help.
C. Stop, Drop, and Roll.
D. Call the emergency hotline
Recall those learnings you had and provide the needed information to the
following tables.
Study the meaning of the quotation below then write your
explanation on the space provided.
What is a fire drill?
 A fire drill is a process of practicing how
an establishment/building would be
evacuated in the event of a fire or other
emergencies.
 The purpose of fire drills in buildings is to
ensure that everyone knows how to exit at
the fastest and safest way.
The Conduct of Fire Drills in School
1. Alarm – Fire alarms are signaled.
2. Response – Students will have to be alert for fire, and
smoke.
3. Evacuation – All school personnel and students
evacuate, following pre- determined ways to the
evacuation areas.
4. Assembly – At the designated evacuation area,
students are grouped accordingly.
The Conduct of Fire Drills in School
5. Head Count- When drill participants reached the
designated evacuation area, teachers-in-charge
must check the attendance of the class to make
sure that everyone is counted in.
6. Evaluation – Evaluation of the drill is conducted
to identify problems during the drill and how to
correct these problems.
Fire Escape Plan
How to Create a Fire Evacuation Plan for your Household

 Plan for everyone.

 Find two ways out.
 Involve children in planning.
 Have a backup plan.
 Share with everyone.
 Practice regularly.
 Do what is asked in the following situations.
1. If there were an occurrence of fire in your residence, are the
members of you household prepared and knowledgeable on
what to do?
2. Based from what you have learned, write your own household
Fire Escape Plan.
What to prepare?
What to do in case of fire?
What to remember in case of fire?
Where to go?
Do what is asked in the following situations.

3. Based on your drafted fire emergency

Plan, draw your household fire
Evacuation map. Make sure to include
all the details you have written in the
previous activity in the Evacuation Map
that you will make.
1. The following events are human-
error-induced fire EXCEPT_______.
a. leaking LPG tank
b. electrical overload
c. grassfire due to drought
d. burning candle near curtains
2. High rise buildings are built in with lightning rod, a
metal wherein its tip is found on top of the building
while its bottom part is embedded into the ground.
What is the main purpose of the rod?
a. to avoid lightning
b. to prevent electrical overload
c. to lessen the lightning that would strike the building
d. to prevent fire due to lightning when it hits the
building
3.Cigarettes can cause fire when
_____________.
a. it radiates heat
b. it is being rubbed together
c. it is carelessly thrown away
4.The following can be the most
common causes of household fires
EXCEPT_____.
a. candles
b. faulty wiring
c. stacks of hay
d. curious children
5.The following are improper handling of electric cords
EXCEPT______.
a. should be immersed in water while plugged in
b. should be hang up by the cord when not in use
c. should be covered with towels or blankets all the
time
d. should be thrown away when the cord is cracked,
frayed or discolored
6. What damage can a fire bring to
people?
A. It could make people wise.
B. It can worsen people’s poverty rate C.
It could endanger lives and properties
D. It could make people susceptible to
hunger.
7. What is the very first step to contain
fire?
A. Close all the doors.
B. Toss water to the fire.
C. Put off all visible smoke.
D. Extinguish the fire by tossing sand or
soil to the fire.
8. When can you say that a fire is already
under control?
A. When there is no more visible smoke
B. When all people have already evacuated C.
When damages had already been assessed
D. When fire escaping outside the lines is
unlikely
9. What should you do BEST if ever get
burned from a fire incident?
A. Do the PASS.
B. Shout for help.
C. Stop, Drop, and Roll.
D. Call the emergency hotline.
10.What is the best way to prevent fire
incidents in the community?
A. Design a fire proof wall.
B. Install fire extinguishers.
C. Conduct symposiums about fire
prevention.
D. Inspect all sources of heat in the house
regularly.
11. The best way to prevent fire incidents in
the community is __________________.
A. Designing a fire proof wall
B. Installing fire extinguishers
C. Conducting symposiums about fire
prevention
D. Inspecting all sources of heat in the house
regularly
12. Electric appliances must be “dust free”
because __________________.
A. It helps avoid overheat.
B. It helps keep its durability.
C. It helps the appliance look nice and
elegant.
D. It helps the appliance maintain high
performance
13.Any method like sounding bell, siren,
buzzer that is used in order to warn people of
a fire is called __________________.

A. Alarm
B. Confine
C. Extinguish
D. Rescue
 14.Fire is already under control when
__________________.
A. there is no more visible smoke
B. all people have already evacuated
C. damages had already been assessed
D. fire escaping outside the lines is
unlikely
 15. If one gets burned from a fire incident,
he/she must _______________.
A. Do the PASS.
B. Shout for help.
C. Stop, Drop, and Roll.
D. Call the emergency hotline