D R R R IF F EREN T PE RSP ECTIVE S

DISASTER FROM D
ANALYZE DISASTER FROM THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES
(PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIO-CULTURAL,
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL)
DRR11/12-IA-B-6
OBJECTIVES:
• 1. Classify disaster related events to different perspectives
(physical, psychological, sociocultural, economic, political, and
biological)
• 2. Conduct a simple survey of family members’ disaster
experiences and perceptions.
• 3. Create a cube art showing the different perspectives of a
self- experienced disaster.
MATCHING TYPE: MATCH THE STATEMENT IN COLUMN A TO THE
APPROPRIATE PERSPECTIVE IN COLUMN B
A B
1. People participate in online A. Psychological
masses and religious gatherings. B. Biological
2. Transport services follow strict C. Economic
health procedures.
3. Armed conflicts between D. Socio-cultural
the ISIS groups and government E. Political
4. Jobless filipinos call for F. Physical
help and financial assistance
5. “Tiktok” mobile app users increase
to divert fear from spreading disease to fun activities .
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER
1. PHYSICAL
 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL
The strength of a disaster is usually measured through the extent of
physical destruction than the mental well-being of people.

Psychological aspects of disaster include mental health capacity

and self awareness of people which could help or worsen the
complexityof a disaster.
This includes the capability of people to respond to
disaster and their extent to which they could respond to it and accept
results.
 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER
2. SOCIOCULTURAL
Socio-cultural factors of disaster include religion and faith, societal
traditions, perceptions and social standings.
 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER
4. ECONOMIC
The country’s economy can be affected depending on the strength its
capability to endure the irregularities.
The figure below shows a disaster’s economic impact.
 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER
5. POLITICAL
Political actions during and after a disaster can
be ways to update existing laws, rules and
physical aspects of the government. Resources
and funds can be realigned to focus on building
local resilience and for rehabilitation and
reconstruction.
 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER
6. BIOLOGICAL
Disaster can affect plant and animal habitats
which can change the way our biosphere work.
In terms of humanitarian health, the occurrence
of disasters exposes people to acquire
communicable diseases e.g. diarrhea, fractures,
respiratory illness, fever among others.
 ANALYZING DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER
IN THE PHILIPPINES
•The philippines’ form of government is unitary presidential
constitutional republic serving over 100 million filipinos of
different ethnic groups and cultures. The chief source of
living in the country is agriculture-related farming, mining,
forestry, and fishing with a gross domestic product of
(GDP-PPP) of 7,41202 million US dollars per capita.
 ANALYZING DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER
IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Typhoons and tropical storms usually occur
and results to floods and storm surges when
accompanied with strong wind and heavy
rains. Lying on the pacific ring of fire it is
prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruption.
 ANALYZING DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER
IN THE PHILIPPINES
•TYPHOONS AND TROPICAL STORMS USUALLY
OCCUR AND RESULTS TO FLOODS AND STORM
SURGES WHEN ACCOMPANIED WITH STRONG
WIND AND HEAVY RAINS. LYING ON THE PACIFIC
RING OF FIRE IT IS PRONE TO EARTHQUAKES
AND VOLCANIC ERUPTION. A
 CONCEPT OF
VULNERABILITY
Explain the meaning of vulnerability
DRR11/12-Ic-8
 OBJECTIVES:
•Explain the meaning of vulnerability, capacity and
resilience within the context of disaster risk; and
•Distinguish between different factors that affect
vulnerability of exposed elements and give
example.
VULNERABILITY
“A set of prevailing or consequential
conditions, which adversely affect the
community’s ability to prevent, mitigate,
prepare for and respond to hazardous
events.” (Asian disaster preparedness center, 2006)
WHEN YOU LOOK AROUND, DO YOU
OBSERVE ANY VULNERABILITIES IN
YOUR HOUSE OR BARANGAY?
WHO ARE CONSIDERED THE MOST
VULNERABLE SECTOR IN THE SOCIETY?
Most Vulnerable?
Less Vulnerable?
and Not Vulnerable Sectors?
MOST VULNERABLE SECTORS
(ABUSED SECTOR)
•Farmers, urban poor, laborers, indigenous people, persons
with disabilities (PWDS), women, and children
•They are weak and vulnerable and have been traditional
victims of violations and consequently require special
attention
• Capacities are low and not sufficient to resist and
overcome the damaging and harmful effects of disasters.
LESS VULNERABLE SECTORS
•Professionals, small entrepreneurs, and civil society
organizations like Philippine Red Cross
•The people in the community whose capacities start from
their own ability to acquire material resources; skills and
trainings; and position
•Capacities are higher than those in the vulnerable sector
NOT VULNERABLE SECTORS
•High position in the community
•They are the targets of the vulnerable
and less vulnerable sectors in
advocacy work relating to disaster
issue
WHY DO YOU THINK CAPACITY
IS IMPORTANT IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT?
WHY DO YOU THINK CAPACITY IS IMPORTANT IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT?

In order to overcome our

vulnerabilities, we must
capacitate ourselves.
 CAPACITY
“All the strengths, attributes, and
resources available within a community,
organization, or society that can be used
to achieve an agreed goal.”
CAPACITY
• These qualities are important to citizens and
community to cope with, overcome the harmful
effects of, and reduce the risks of disasters
through preparation, mitigation, and recovery.
• It is vital to develop and build these capacities
categorized as socioeconomic, political,
ideological/cultural, physical, organizational, and
leadership.
COPING CAPACITY
“THE ABILITY OF PEOPLE, ORGANIZATIONS,
AND SYSTEMS, USING AVAILABLE SKILLS
AND RESOURCES, TO FACE AND MANAGE
ADVERSE CONDITIONS, EMERGENCIES OR
DISASTERS (UNISDR 2009).”
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE OUR COPING CAPACITY
•Attending trainings in first aid,
•Learning to swim as part of water survival,
•Securing our homes,
•Establishment of early warning systems,
designing evacuation strategies,
• Stockpiling of emergency equipment
•And alternative means of income.
 Community members and groups have
different vulnerabilities and capacities.
These are determined by age, gender, class,
social class, ethnicity, language, religion, and
physical condition.
Strengthening the capacities of each
community helps people
to adapt easily and become resilient with
inevitable circumstances.
THREE AREAS OF VULNERABILITY:
According to Anderson and Woodrow (1990)

•❖ PHYSICAL/MATERIAL VULNERABILITY
-The most visible area of vulnerability. It includes land, climate,
environment, health, skills and labor, infrastructure,
housing, finance and technologies.
- Poor people suffer from crises more often than people who
are richer because they have little or no savings, few income
or production options, and limited resources.
THREE AREAS OF VULNERABILITY:
According to Anderson and Woodrow (1990)

•❖ SOCIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL VULNERABILITY
- How society is organized, its internal conflicts and how it
manages them.
-less visible and less well understood
-This aspect includes formal political structures and the
informal systems through which people get things done
THREE AREAS OF VULNERABILITY:
According to Anderson and Woodrow (1990)

❖ ATTITUDINAL/MOTIVATIONAL VULNERABILITY
- This area includes how people in society view themselves
and their ability to affect their environment.
- Groups that share strong ideologies or belief systems, or
have experience of cooperating successfully, may be better
able to help each other at times of disaster than groups without
such shared beliefs or who feel fatalistic or dependent.
WORD BANK
• VULNERABILITY – the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system
or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. (Ra 10121
2010)
• CAPACITY – a combination of all strengths and resources available within a
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or effects of a
disaster. Capacity may include infrastructure and physical means, institutions,
societal coping abilities, as well as human knowledge, skills and collective attributes
such as social relationships, leadership and management. Capacity may also be
described as capability. (Ra 10121 2010)
WORD BANK
•PHYSICAL/MATERIAL VULNERABILITY - refers to the most visible area
of vulnerability.
•SOCIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL VULNERABILITY – a community which has
weak family structures, lack of leadership for decision making and
conflict resolution, unequal participation in decision making, weak or no
community organizations, and the one in which people are discriminated
on racial, ethnic, linguistic or religious basis.
WORD BANK
•ATTITUDINAL/MOTIVATIONAL VULNERABILITY - this area
includes how people in society view themselves and their ability
to affect their environment.
•COPING CAPACITY- is the ability of people, organizations, and
systems, using available skills and resources, to face and
manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters (unisdr
2009).
WORD BANK
• EXPOSED ELEMENTS OR ELEMENTS AT RISK – they are the people, animals,
crops, houses, tools, infrastructures, social networks, communication mechanisms,
attitudes, or anything that can be negatively affected by a hazard.
• RESILIENCE – the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to
resist, absorb, accommodate and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and
efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential
basic structures and functions. (Ra 10121 2010)
TAKE HOME ACTIVITY
 THE E F F E C T S O F
D I S A S T E R
N ON E’S L IF E D RR1 1 /1 2 -IA-B -3
HE E F F E CTS OF D ISASTERS O
DESCRIBE T
DO THIS!
Directions: Examine the given pictures and answer the questions that follow.

1. What kind of disaster is

represented in the picture?

2. What would be the

possible effects of
disaster based on your
given answer above?
THREE GENERAL TYPES OF EFFECTS OF DISASTER
• PRIMARY EFFECTS
•Those effects that come directly
from the incident or disaster
itself, such as collapse of a
building during earthquake,
landslide or hurricane and
water damage during a flood.
• SECONDARY EFFECTS
•are the result that come from the primary
effects. They will only occur because a
primary effect has caused them.
• Examples of secondary effects include power outages
due to fallen trees or damaged buildings and fires from
broken gas lines. In these examples, the fallen trees
and the damaged buildings would be primary effects
that caused the power outages and fires (secondary
effects).
• TERTIARY EFFECTS
•the long-term effects that are set off
as a result of a primary event. These
include things like loss of habitat,
changes in the landscape and natural
features caused by a flood,
permanent changes in the position of
river channel caused by flood,
The effects of disasters can also be
classified into four groups: people,
homes, infrastructure and economy.
How fast the community can stand up again and regain their vigor to start anew?
ACTIVITY Instructions: Determine whether the following effects of disaster is a primary,
secondary or tertiary effect.
Put your answers in the table:
1. Loss of natural terrain
Primary Effects Secondary Tertiary Effects
2. Physical injuries and death Effects

3. Water damage due to floods

4. Flooding of lowlands after a landslide
5. Collapsed structures due to an earthquake
6. Reshaping of a river channel after an earthquake
7. Crop failure or reduction due to cooler temperature
8. Damaged electrical lines due to collapsed structure
9. Power outage due to fallen trees and damaged buildings
10.Permanent relocation of a community due to an earthquake
Primary Effects
Physical injuries and death
• Water damage due to floods
• Collapsed structures
due to an earthquake
Secondary Effects Tertiary Effects
Flooding of lowlands Loss of natural
after a landslide terrain
• Damaged electrical • Reshaping of a river
lines due to channel after an
collapsed structure earthquake
• Power outage due to • Crop failure or
fallen trees and reduction due to
damaged buildings cooler temperature
• Permanent
relocation of a
community due to an
earthquake
DISASTER RISK
DO THIS!
 Disasters are sometimes
considered external shocks, but
disaster risk results from the
complex interaction between
development processes that
generate conditions of exposure,
vulnerability and hazard.
DISASTER RISK
•Is defined as “the potential loss of life, injury, or
destroyed or damaged assets which could occur
to a system, society or a community in a specific
period of time, determined as the consequence
or result of the interaction of hazard, exposure,
and vulnerability”. UNDRR (2015)
AS THE DISASTER RISK MODEL IMPLIES, THE MAGNITUDE
OF THE DISASTER DEPENDS ON:
1. The severity of the natural event
2. The quantity of exposure of the elements
at risk which includes lives and properties,
and
3. Vulnerability level or quality of exposure.
PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE
•MITIGATION- structural and non- structural measures
undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards,
environmental degradation, and technological hazards and to
ensure the ability of at- risk communities to address
vulnerabilities and minimize the impact of disasters
 HAZARD
L E S OF THE T YP E S OF HA Z ARDS
DEFINE AND CITE EXAMP
 TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

Hazard is any event that

can disrupt normal life.
 TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

2. Hazards are caused by

nature only.
 TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

3. If an event disrupts the

production of businesses,
it is not considered
hazard to human.
 TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

4. Human error in
manipulating machines
leading to death is a
technological hazard.
 TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

5. El Nino and La Nina are

Climatological Hazards.
 TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

6. Illegal logging is a form

of technological hazard.
TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

7. Earthquakes are
Biological Hazards.
 TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

8. Typhoons in the
Philippines rotates in a
clockwise manner.
 TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

9. Pyroclastic materials
may come out from Mount
Mayon.
 TUMPAK Ganern or LIGWAK Ganern?

10. Your classmate throwing

a piece of candy wrapper in
a pavement in Albay Wildlife
Park is considered a hazard
RA 10121 otherwise known as Philippine disaster
risk reduction and management (DRRM) act of
2010 reminds us that hazard is a dangerous
phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition
that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and
services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
Hazard is any event or activity that will
affect the safety and normal operations of
human beings regardless of the scale or
size of the source, number of persons
affected, and place where it will strike.
Potential hazards changes from place
to place and is affected by the living
conditions of the population living in a
certain area. As technology improves,
the misuse of technology also leads to
another hazard to life and property
 I M PA C T S O F HA Z A R D S
OP L E AND THE E NVIRONM ENT
T OF VA RIOUS HA Z A RD S ON PE
EXPLAIN THE IMPAC DRR11/12-IE-16
BASIC CONCEPT OF HAZARD
HAZARD is a situation that poses
certain level of threat
Natural hazards are naturally occurring physical
phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset
events .
Natural hazards
1.Geophysical (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and
volcanic activity)
2.Hydrological (avalanches, floods)
3. Climatological (extreme temperature, drought and
wildfires)
4.Meteorological (cyclones and storms/wave surges)
5.Biological (disease, epidemics and insects/animal
plagues)
Technological or manmade hazards are events that
are caused by humans and
occur in or close to human settlements.
This can include environmental degradation,
pollution and accidents.
Technological or manmade hazards
1. Complex emergencies/armed conflicts
2. Famine
3.Displaced populations
4.Industrial accidents
5.Transport accidents
 IMPACTS OF HAZARD
Receptors are the people, properties,
infrastructure or environment that may
be harmed as a result of interaction of
hazard.
 IMPACTS OF HAZARD
• People - death, injury, disease and stress
• Human activity – economic, educational etc.
• Property - property damage, economic loss
• Environment – loss fauna and flora, pollution, less
amenities.
IMPACTS OF HAZARD
The level of harm is governed by:
Magnitude of the hazard Frequency of
hazard or recurrence Intensity at the
impact point