NETWORKING SEMINAR

1. Identify the five (5) components of a Data Communication Systems

The five(5) components of data communication network
I. Data. IV. Transmission Medium.
II. Sender. V. Protocol.
III. Receiver.
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Four Toplogies
Network topology refers to the manner in which the links and nodes of a network are arranged to relate to each
other.
Types of topology 3. Failure of one computer cannot disturb the whole
1. Bus Topology 2. Ring Topology 3. Star Topology network.
4. Mesh Topology 5. Tree Topolgy 4. Offers equal access to all the computers of the
networks
Bus Topology: Bus topology uses a single cable which
5. Faster error checking and acknowledgment
connects all the included nodes. The main cable acts as a
spine for the entire network. Disadvantages of Ring Topology

Advantages of Bus Topology 1. Unidirectional traffic.

2. Break in a single ring can risk the breaking of the
1. Its easy to understand
entire network
2. Its very easy to expand
3. Modern days high-speed LANs made this topology
3. Famous for LAN network because they are
less popular.
inexpensive and easy to install.
4. It is very difficult to troubleshoot the ring network.
4. It is cost effective
5. Adding or removing the computers can disturb the
5. It requires less cable
network activity.
Disadvanatges of Bus Topology
Star Topology: In the star topology, all the computers
1. In case if the common cable fails, then the entire connect with the help of a hub. This cable is called a
system will crash down. central node, and all other nodes are connected using
2. When network traffic is heavy, it develops collisions this central node.
in the network.
Advantages of Star Topology
3. Whenever network traffic is heavy, or nodes are too
many, the performance time of the network 1. Easy to troubleshoot, set up, and modify.
significantly decreases. 2. Only those nodes are affected, that has failed. Other
4. Cables are always of a limited length. nodes still work.
5. It is slow as compare to ring topology 3. Fast performance with few nodes and very low
network traffic.
Ring Topology: In a ring network, every device has exactly
4. In Star topology, addition, deletion, and moving of the
two neighboring devices for communication purpose. It is
devices are easy.
called a ring topology as its formation is like a ring.
5. They are scalable
Advantages of Ring Topology
Disadvantages of Star Topology
1. Easy to install and reconfigure.
1. If the hub or concentrator fails, attached nodes are
2. Easy to manage
disabled.
2. Cost of installation of star topology is costly.

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 3. Heavy network traffic can sometimes slow the bus
considerably.
4. Performance depends on the hub’s capacity
5. A damaged cable or lack of proper termination may
bring the network down.
Disadvantages
Mesh Topology: The mesh topology has a unique network
design in which each computer on the network connects to
every other.
Advantages
1. A mesh topology is robust.
2. Every system has its privacy and security.
3. No traffic problem as nodes has dedicated links.
4. Dedicated links help you to eliminate the traffic
problem.
5. It helps you to avoid the chances of network failure
by connecting all the systems to a central node.
1. Installation is complex because every node is
connected to every node.
2. It is expensive due to the use of more cables. No
proper utilization of systems.
3. Complicated implementation.
4. It requires more space for dedicated links.
5. is expensive to implement.
6. It requires a large space to run the cables.

Differences between TCP and UDP

The difference between TCP and UDP are as follow

TCP UDP
Requires an established connection to transmit data Connectionless protocol with no requirements for opening,
maintaining, or terminating a connection
Able to sequence Unable to sequence
Can guarantee delivery of data to the destination Cannot guarantee delivery of data to the destination
router
Retransmission of lost packets is possible No retransmission of lost packets
Slower than UDP Faster than TCP
Does not support Broadcasting Does support Broadcasting

IP ADDRESS AND THEIR CLASSES

Classes Range Network

IP Class A 1 to 126 255.0.0.0
IP Class B 128 to 191 255.255.0.0
IP Class C 192 to 223 255.255.255.0
IP Class D 224 to 239 NA
IP Class E 240 to 254 NA
Note: The number 127 is reserved for loopback

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