SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS There are many timing-device applications where small motors have exact constant speed characteristic

will be very advantageous. Very small motors with constant speed characteristic have been developed. They operate from a single phase supply. Because of their exact constant speed characteristic, they are known as single phase synchronous motors. They phase synchronous motors is for the driving of electric clocks. The most commonly used types of single phase synchronous motors are the reluctance motors and the hysteresis motors. The efficiency and torque developing ability of these motors is low. The output of most of the commercial motors available is only a few watts. It is practical to design hysteresis motors up to approximately 1/8 kw. Reluctance Motor. Reluctance motors operate on the following principle. Whenever a piece of ferro-magnetic material is located in a magnetic field, a force is exerted upon the material, tending to bring it into the position of the densest portion of the field. The force tends to align the specimen of material so that the reluctance of the magnetic path passing through the material will be at a minimum. Reluctance motor is a split phase motor with properly designed salient (shaped) poles. The usual method of constructing a rotor for a reluctance motor is to assemble it from standard squirrel-cage parts, except that some of the teeth are cut away. Rotor punching for a 4-pole reluctance type synchronous motor is shown in fig.. below

In operation the rotor comes upto nearly synchronous speed by induction motor action. Since the mechanical load is comparatively low, the slip is negligible, in which case the revolving field permanently magnetizes the projecting rotor poles. The rotor poles then lock in step with the revolving poles of opposite polarities and continues to rotate at synchronous speed, the speed of the revolving field. Reluctance motors are generally made in the fractional horse power sizes and employ the conventional split-phase stator and the centrifugal switch to open the auxiliary winding. When they are built for heavier loads,

sometimes in integral-horse power ratings, the permanent-split capacitor construction with no centrifugal switch is preferred. When the number of salient poles on the rotor is greater, by some multiple, than the number of electrical poles on the stator, the motor will operate at a constant average speed that is submultiples of the apparent synchronous speed; it is then called a sub-synchronous reluctance motor. Hysteresis Motor: When the rotor of an induction motor is built up of a group of especially hardened steel rings instead of usual thin silicon steel laminations, the effect of hysteresis is magnified. As a result, the rotor will operate at synchronous speed because the hysteresis property of the rotor steel strongly opposes any change in the magnetic polarities once they are established. Effective synchronous motor action is, therefore, produced because the rotor poles lock in step with the revolving poles of opposite polarities. The fact that the rotor has no teeth or winding of any sort makes the motor extremely quiet in operation; it is not subject to the mechanical and magnetic vibrations that must always be present when there are teeth and cut away sections in the rotor. Resilient mountings further reduce other possible noises so that, virtually noiseless hysteresis motors are particularly useful for sound equipment applications. Email Based Homework Assignment Help in Synchronous Motors Transtutors is the best place to get answers to all your doubts regarding synchronous motors. You can submit your school, college or university level homework or assignment to us and we will make sure that you get the answers you need which are timely and also cost effective. Our tutors are available round the clock to help you out in any way with electrical engineering. Live Online Tutor Help for Synchronous Motors Transtutors has a vast panel of experienced electrical engineering tutors who specialize insynchronous motors and can explain the different concepts to you effectively. You can also interact directly with our electrical engineering tutors for a one to one session and get answers to all your problems in your school, college or university level electrical engineering. Our tutors will make sure that you achieve the highest grades for your electrical engineering assignments. We will make sure that you get the best help possible for exams such as the AP, AS, A level, GCSE, IGCSE, IB, Round Square etc.
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