EE-321 N

Lecture-10
Different Triggering Circuits
Resistance Triggering Circuit
 Different Triggering Circuits
1. Resistance (R) Triggering Circuit
2. Resistance-Capacitance (RC) Triggering Circuit
3. UJT Based Triggering Circuit
4. IC Based Triggering Circuit
Many of these circuits are not sophisticated and
not used practically but they provide a basic
understanding of the SCR triggering

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 R Triggering Circuit
vO
a b
LOAD

i R1

R2
vS=Vmsint
D VT

R Vg

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 R Triggering Ckt...contd
• Simplest triggering circuit
• Limited triggering angle range (0° to 90°)
• Performance depends upon temperature &
SCR characteristics
• In the above fig. R1 is the current limiting
resistor, R2 is the variable resistor which
controls the firing angle and R is the stabilizing
resistor

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 R Triggering Ckt...contd
• If R2 = 0, then the current is limited by R1.
• This current should not > max. permissible
gate current Igm. Therefore, R1 can be found as
follows
Vm Vm
I gm   R1 
R1 I gm

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 R Triggering Ckt...contd
• R is chosen s. t. max. voltage across it doesn’t
exceed max. forward gate voltage Vgm.
Therefore,
Vm Vgm R1
R  Vgm  R  ,  R2  0 
R  R1 Vm  Vgm

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 R Triggering Ckt...contd
• Gate trigger ckt draws a small current due to
large values of R1 & R2.
• Gate voltage vg is a half wave pulse because
diode D allows the flow of current only in +ve
half cycle. Its amplitude is governed by R2
• Next, we discuss cases for different values of
R2

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 Case 1: R2 is large, No triggering
• When R2 is large, current i is small and voltage
vg = iR is also small
• If peak value of gate voltage Vgp < VGT , SCR will
not turn ON and accordingly there will be no
O/P voltage or current and the supply voltage
will appear ax the SCR

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 Case 2: α = 90°
• When R2 is decreased s. t. Vgp = VGT , α = 90° is
obtained which can’t increase beyond this
value
• This is because the thyristor latches into
conduction as soon as Vgp becomes equal to
VGT for the first time

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 Case 3: α < 90°
• When Vgp > VGT , α < 90°
• Also α can’t be zero however large vg may be.
• Min. value of α is about 2° − 4° (which is
obtained when R2 = 0)
• Relationship between Vgp & VGT is
Vgp sinα = VGT
or, α = sin−1 (VGT/Vgp )

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 Contd...
 Vm R 
Since, Vgp   
 R1  R2  R 
1 VGT   R1  R2  R 
 
  sin  
 Vm R 
All other quantities except R2 are fixed. Hence
firing angle is proportional to R2

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 Waveforms

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 Tip for
Drawing Waveforms
• Use a graph paper or math notebook (with
squares) to draw waveforms
• This will help you to remember (& draw fast in
exam!) the waveforms easily
• Take 1 cm = 30° (on x-axis) & 2 cm = max. amp.
of sine wave (on y-axis). Use different colors for
showing different waves on same axis

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 VS
Vmsint

3 4
 2 t

Vg V gt

Vgp Vgp Vgt t

Case 1:
Vo
No Triggering
t
io

t
VT

t

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R2 Large
 VS

3 4
 2 t

Vg
Vgp=Vgt

Case 2: t

α = 90° Vo

t
io

270
0 t
VT

3 4
 2 t
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0 =90
90
 VS

3 4
 2 t

Vg Vgp>Vgt

Case 3: t

α < 90° Vo

t
io

t
VT

t
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0
<90