Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Yo u r L o c a l A g e n t/D e a le r
9-52, A shihara-cho,
N ishinom iya, Japan
Te l e p h o n e : 0 7 9 8 -6 5 -2 111
Te l e f a x : 0798-65-4200
A ll rig h ts re s e rv e d .
FIRST EDITIO N : AUG. 1998
Printed in Japan
D : JUL. 10, 2001
DANGER
Stay away from transmitting antenna.
The radar antenna emits microwave radiation which can be harmful to the
human body, particularly the eyes. Never look directly into the antenna
radiator from a distance of less than 1 m when the radar is in operation.
The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be
harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a
close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting
antenna at a close distance.
Distances at which RF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W/m2 exist are given in the table
below.
Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house,
your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antenna
revolution. This is possible—Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide
this feature.
Distance to Distance to
Radiator
MODEL 100 W/m2 10 W/m2
type
point point
1761 MK-3 XN10A 0.2 m Worst case 3.0 m
i
DANGER WARNING
Before turning on the radar Use the proper fuse.
make sure no one is near the
scanner unit. Fuse rating is shown in the chapter 5.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment
Prevent the potential risk of damage
someone begin struck by the
rotating antenna and exposure Do not operate the equipment with wet
to RF radiation hazard. hands.
WARNING CAUTION
Do not open the equipment. Do not use the equipment for other than
its intended purpose.
Improper handling can result in electrical
shock. Only qualified personnel shold Use of the equipment as a stepping stool,
work inside the equipment. for example, can result in personal injury
or equipment damage.
Do not disassemble or modify the
equipment. No one navigation device should ever be
solely replied upon for the navigation of
Fire electrical shock or serious injury can a vessel.
result.
Always confirm position against all available
Turn off the power immediately if water aids to navigation, for safety of vessel and
leaks into the equipment or the equip- crew.
ment is emitting smoke or fire.
<Scanner Unit>
Name: Radiation Warning WARNING
Radiation hazard. Only qualified
Label personnel should work inside scanner.
Confirm that TX has stopped before
Type: 03-142-3201-0 opening scanner.
Code no.: 100-266-890
ii
FOREWORD
Your radar is designed and constructed to ¡ On-screen alphanumeric readout of all op-
meet the rigorous demands of the marine en- erational information.
vironment. However, no machine can per- ¡ Standard features include EBL (Electronic
form its intended function unless properly Bearing Line), VRM (Variable Range
installed and maintained. Please carefully Marker), Guard Alarm, Display Off Cen-
read and follow the recommended proce- ter, and Echo Trail.
dures for installation, operation and mainte-
¡ Watchman feature periodically transmits
nance.
the radar to check for radar targets which
While this unit can be installed by the pur- may be entering the alarm zone.
chaser, any purchaser who has doubts about ¡ Ship’s position in latitude and longitude,
his or her technical abilities may wish to have range and bearing to a waypoint, and
the unit installed by a FURUNO representa- ship’s speed/heading/course can be
tive or other qualified technician. The impor- shown in the bottom text area. (Requires
tance of a through installation can not be a navigation aid which can output such
overemphasized. data in IEC 61162 format.)
We would appreciate hearing from you, the ¡ Zoom feature provided.
end-user, about whether we are achieving
our purposes.
Thank you for considering and purchasing
FURUNO equipment.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iv
MENU TREE
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS BY
INDICATION, MARKER
EBL (P.2-6)
Cursor data(P.2-5)
Bearing /Range or VRM range (P.2-5)
Latitude/Longitude
vi
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Scanner Unit
XN10A-RSB-0070-065
Intergrated Heading
Sensor PG-1000 12 VDC: 10A
24/32 VDC: 5A
Rectifier
*Equivalent to NMEA 0183 RU-3423
Option
vii
1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1-1
Targets Heading marker
B
C B
C
1-2
2. OPERATION
Shifts the display; turns the zoom ZOOM RING Turns the fixed range rings on and off.
function on, and restores normal EBL VRM Turns the Variable Range Marker
picture, in that order. (VRM) on and off.
GUARD MENU
Turns the Electronic Bearing Turns the menu display on and off.
Line (EBL) on and off.
2-1
2.2 Turning the Radar On/Off 2.5 Selecting the Range
After confirming there are no crew near the The range selected automatically determines
scanner unit, press the [POWER] key to turn the fixed range ring interval, the number of
on the power. fixed range rings, pulselength, and pulse rep-
etition rate, for optimal detection in short to
The front panel will light up. The magnetron long ranges. The range and ring interval ap-
takes about two minutes and thirty seconds pear at the top left corner of the display.
to warm up before the radar can be oper-
ated. The time remaining for warm up of the
magnetron appears at the center of the dis- Selecting the range
play, counting down from 2:29 to 0:01.
Press the [- RANGE +] key. The range and
To turn off the radar, press the [POWER] and range ring interval appear at the top left cor-
[TX] key together. ner on the display.
2-2
echoes and the background noise on the dis- How the A/C SEA control works
play.
The [A/C SEA] control reduces the amplifi-
To adjust receiver sensitivity, transmit on long cation of echoes at short ranges (where clut-
range, and adjust the [GAIN] control so back- ter is the greatest) and progressively
ground noise is just visible on the screen. increases amplification as the range in-
creases, so amplification will be normal at
Tips on adjusting GAIN those ranges where there is no sea clutter.
Echoes from waves can be troublesome, cov- Tip for adjusting the A/C SEA
ering the central part of the display with ran-
dom signals known as “sea clutter”. The A common mistake is to over-adjust the cir-
higher the waves, and the higher the antenna cuit so all the removed. As an example set
above the water, the further the clutter will up for maximum A/C SEA. You will see how
extend. Sea clutter appears on the display the center of the display becomes dark. This
as many small echoes which might affect dark zone can be dangerous (targets may
radar performance. (See the left-hand figure be missed), especially if the sensitivity is not
in Figure 2-2.) When sea clutter masks the properly adjusted. Always leave a little clut-
picture, adjust the A/C SEA control to reduce ter visible on the display to be sure weak
the clutter. echoes will not be suppressed. If there is no
clutter visible on the display, turn off the cir-
cuit.
2-3
2.9 Adjusting the A/C RAIN Note: In addition to reducing clutter, the FTC
can be used in fine weather to clarify the pic-
Control ture when navigating in confined waters.
(reducing rain clutter) However, with the circuit activated the re-
ceiver is less sensitive. Therefore, turn off the
The vertical beamwidth of the antenna is de- circuit when its function is not required.
signed to see surface targets even when the
ship is rolling. However, by this design the
unit will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow,
hail, etc.) in the same manner as normal tar- 2.11 Tuning the Radar Receiver
gets. Figure 2-3 shows the appearance of rain
clutter on the display. The radar receiver is tuned automatically
each time you turn on the power, thus there
is no front panel control for adjustment of the
Adjusting A/C RAIN receiver. To show the automatic tuning cir-
cuit is working, a tuning bar displays tuning
When rain clutter masks echoes, adjust the
condition.
[A/C RAIN] control. This control splits up
these unwanted echoes into a speckled pat-
tern, marking recognition of solid targets
easier. 2.12 Erasing the Heading
Marker
The heading marker may occasionally mask
a target. To view the target, you can tempo-
rarily erase the heading marker by pressing
and holding down the [GAIN (HM OFF)] con-
trol. Release the control to re-display the
markers.
Appearance of A/C RAIN control adjusted;
rain clutter rain clutter suppressed.
2-4
2.13 Select the Cursor Data Measuring by VRM
Display 1. Press the [VRM] key to display a VRM.
(The VRM is the dotted ring.)
When connecting with NAV (IEC61162 for-
mat) and gyro converter (IEC61162 or AD- 2. Place the VRM on the inside edge of the
10 format), this radar can show the cursor target by operating the trackball.
position by Latitude/longitude at bottom of 3. Press the [VRM] key again to fix the VRM
screen. to the position.
Each time pressing [HM OFF] key, the data 4. Check the range readout to find the range
will change from Range/Bearing to Latitude/ to the target. To erase the VRM, press
longitude and vice versa. and hold down the [VRM] key for about
three seconds.
When the cursor position is displayed by Lati-
tude/Longitude, pressing the [HM OFF] key Range
6.0 NM
outputs L/L data of the cursor position (TLL) Range ring 2.0
to the plotter. Then Range/Bearing are dis- interval
played instead of L/L. Target VRM
Cursor
6.0 NM
MAG115.0° 2.17 Shifting and Zooming the
2.0
Target Display
Cursor
EBL
The [SHIFT/ZOOM] key has two functions:
display shifting and display zoom. Each time
the key is pressed the function changes in
the following sequence.
Figure 2-6 Measuring Bearing by the EBL The own ship’s position can be shifted to any
and Cursor position within the current range. The primary
advantage of the shifted display is that for
The bearing measured by the cursor or the any range setting, the view ahead of your own
EBL can be displayed in relative or true bear- ship can be extended without changing the
ings (heading sensor or gyrocompass con- range.
nection required). Relative bearings are
relative to the bow of the vessel, and true Place the cursor on area you wish to shift to
bearings are relative to the True North. The the screen center and then press the [SHIFT/
indication “MAG” (or GYRO”) and the head- ZOOM] key. The indication “SHIFT” appears.
ing sensor (or gyrocompass) bearing (your To restore normal operation press the key
ship’s bearing) appear at the top of the twice.
screen. Note: If the cursor is not within the current
Note that the bearing to the cursor always range when the key is pressed, an audible
varies with trackball operation. The EBL and beep sounds and the outermost range ring
its indication, however, are automatically fixed blinks twice , even if the range rings are
when the [EBL] key is pressed or 10 seconds off.
elapses without trackball operation.
Zoom
Tips on measuring bearing
The zoom feature allows you to double the
• Bearing measurements of smaller targets area between own ship and an arbitrary lo-
pips are more accurate; the center of cation, to take a closer look at an area of in-
larger target pips is not as easily identi- terest without changing the range.
fied.
1. Operate the trackball to place the cursor
on the target you want or area you want
to zoom.
2-6
2. Press the [SHIFT/ZOOM] key. The indi- 2.18 Menu Operation
cation “ZOOM” appears and brinks.
3. To turn off the zoom, press the [SHIFT/ The menu, consisting of 9 items, mostly con-
ZOOM] key again, or change the range. tains less-often used functions which once
preset do not require regular adjustment. To
open or close the menu, press the [MENU]
(Normal display)
Place cursor key. You can select menus by using the
where desired. trackball, then select item with the [RANGE]
key.
Press the
[SHIFT/ZOOM] key. Press the SEL MENU BY TRKBALL:
[SHIFT/ZOOM] key. MENU
ITEMS WITH RANGE KEY
SHIFT ZOOM ¡ ECHO STRETCH ON OFF
2 I. REJECT ON OFF
Press the
[SHIFT/ZOOM] 3 PANEL DIMMER 0 1 2 3 4
key. 4 PLOT INTVL CONT 30S 1M 3M 6M
5 PLOT BRILL LOW HIGH
6 RANGE (NM) 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1.5 2 3
SET WITH 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48
(RING)
Display shifts. Display magnifies. 7 WATCHMAN OFF 5M 10M 20M
8 NAV DATA ON OFF
9 EBL/+CURSOR TRUE REL
Figure 2-8 Shifting and zooming the display
8 NAV DATA Turns the navigation data display (navigation input required) on and off. OFF
Selects the bearing measured by the EBL or cursor in true (magnetic
compass or gyrocompass connection required) or relative bearing.
9 EBL/+CURSOR BEARING REL
"TRUE": relative to the True North
"REL": relative to the bow of the vessel
2-7
2.19 Echo Stretch
Normally, the reflected echoes from long dis-
tance targets appear on the screen as weaker
and smaller blips even through they are com-
pensated by the radar’s internal circuitry. The
Echo Stretch function magnifies these small
blips.
1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.
2. Operate the trackball to select “1. ECHO
STRETCH”.
Figure 2-10 Radar interference
3. Press the [RANGE] key to select “ON”.
1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.
The indication “ES” appears at the upper
2. Operate the trackball to select “2. I. RE-
right-hand side of the screen and the echoes
JECT”.
are doubled lengthwise.
3. Press the [RANGE] key to select “ON”.
To turn off the echo stretch, select “OFF” on (Factory setting is ON.)
the MENU display.
The indication “IR” appears at the upper right-
hand side of the screen. Press the [MENU]
Note 1: This function magnifies not only tar- key again to erase the menu display.
gets but also sea clutter and radar interfer-
ence are properly adjusted before activating
the echo stretch.
2.21 Adjusting Control Panel
Note 2: This function is inactivate on short Brilliance
ranges, that is 0.25 to 1 nautical miles. “ES”
appears in reverse video when the echo Adjusts the backlighting of the front panel in
stretch is turned on in those ranges. five steps.
1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.
2. Operate the trackball to select “3. PANEL
2.20 Suppressing Radar DIMMER”.
Interference 3. Press the [RANGE] key to select level de-
sired.
Radar interference may occur when near an-
other shipborne radar operating in the same 4. Press the [MENU] key again to erase the
frequency band as your radar. Its on-screen menu.
appearance is many bright dots either scat-
tered at random or in the form of dotted lines
extending from the center (or the edge) to
the edge (or the center) of the display. Fig-
ure 2-11 illustrates interference in the form
of curved spokes, Interference effects are
distinguishable from normal echoes because
they do not appear in the same place on suc-
cessive rotations of the scanner.
2-8
2.22 Selecting Ranges Before setting the alarm, be sure the [GAIN]
control is properly adjusted, because the au-
This radar has 14 ranges, some which you dible alarm sounds when the fifth or more
may not require. You can select or deselect level quantization echoes go into or go out of
ranges as follows. the guard zone.
1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu. 1. Mentally create the guard zone you want
to display on-screen. See Figure 2-12.
2. Operate the trackball to select “6.
RANGE”. 2. Set upper (lower) left edge of the guard
zone with the cursor, and press the
3. Press the [RANGE] key to place the un- [GUARD] key.
derline under the range you want to se-
lect or deselect. The indication “*GUARD” (asterisk blink-
ing) appears at the upper right-hand side
4. Press the [RING] key to select or dese- of the screen. See Figure 2-12 (2). The
lect. asterisk indicates the guard zone is par-
5. Repeat step 4 and 5. tially set, but the alarm function has not
been actuated. It disappears once the
Maximum number of ranges is all ranges. guard zone is set completely.
Minimum number of ranges is two. 3. Moving the trackball clockwise, set the
lower (upper) right edge of the guard
zone. The guard zone now appears on
2.23 EBL/Cursor Bearing the display and alarm function has been
actuated, See Figure 2-12 (3).
Reference
Note: To create a 360 degree guard zone,
EBL and cursor bearing can be displayed rotate the cursor counterclockwise instead of
relative to own ship’s heading (Relative) or clockwise.
with reference to North (True).
4. Press the [GUARD] key again. The as-
Note: Magnetic compass or gyrocompass terisk disappears and the alarm function
connection required for true bearing. is actuated after three to five antenna
scannings, and then, the indication
1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu. “GUARD” is replaced by “G(IN)” or
2. Operate the trackball to select “9. EBL/ “G(OUT)”.
+CURSOR” 5. Any ships, landmasses, etc. coming into
3. Press the [RANGE] key to select “TRUE” or going out of the guard zone will trigger
or “REL (Relative)”. the audible alarm. If the audible alarm
sounds you can silence it by pressing the
[GUARD] key. When this is done the indi-
cation “GUARD” appears in reverse video.
2.24 Guard Alarm
6. Press the [GUARD] key again to restore
The alarm allows the operator to set the de- the audible alarm. “GUARD” lights in nor-
sired range (0 to maximum range) and bear- mal video.
ing (0 to 360 degrees) for a guard zone, called 7. To cancel both the guard zone and the
Auto In/Out alarm. When ships, islands, land- audible alarm, press and hold down the
masses, etc. go into (or go out of) the guard [GUARD] key for three seconds.
zone an audible alarm sounds to call the
operator’s attention. Note 1: When the range is less than the half
of the guard zone range, the guard zone dis-
appears from the screen and “UP RANGE”
indication appears. If this happens, select a
range which will again display the guard zone
on the screen.
2-9
Note 2: A target echo does not always mean Note: The audible alarm does not sound for
a landmass, reef, ships or surface objects but the target originally existing the zone.
can imply returns from sea surface or pre-
cipitation. As the level of these returns varies Case 2: When no targets exist inside the
with environment, the operator should (prop- zone, the alarm zone is automatically set to
erly) adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN, FTC and “Auto In Alarm” mode and the indication
GAIN to be sure target echoes within the “GUARD” is replaced by “G (IN)”. The au-
guard zone are not overlooked by the alarm dible alarm sounds only on targets which go
system. into the zone. See Figure 2-13 (2).
Asterisk blinking
2.25 Watchman
G (IN) G (IN)
The watchman function turns on the radar
Guard and transmits its for about 30 seconds at a
zone
predetermined interval to check for targets
C
in a guard zone. This feature is useful when
Drag cursor you do not need the radar’s function continu-
here. ously but want to be alerted to radar targets
in an area.
(4) Guard zone (3) Drag cursor to
completed. bottom right corner
of zone and press
When the watchman feature is on, an inter-
[GUARD]. nal timer turns on the radar every 5, 10 or 20
minutes and the radar transmits for 30 sec-
Figure 2-11 Setting Guard Zone onds to check for the existence of radar tar-
gets in a guard zone.
Auto In/Out Alarm
Tx St-by Tx St-by
When the guard zone is set completely, the
radar starts searching for targets inside the 1 min 5, 10 or 1 min 5, 10 or
guard zone for 8 to 12 seconds. The indica- 20 min 20 min
tion “GUARD” appears during this period. Watchman
starts.
Case 1: When there are targets inside the
zone, the alarm zone is automatically set to Figure 2-13How watchman works
“Auto Out Alarm” mode and the indication
“GUARD” is replaced by “G (OUT)”. The au-
dible alarm sounds only on targets which go
out of the zone or disappear. See Figure 2-
13 (1).
2-10
1. Determine the guard zone (usually 360 val (except for 15 seconds) appears to the
degrees) with the guard alarm function. right of the indication PLOT.
2. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu. If the range is changed during plotting, plot-
3. Operate the trackball to select “7. ting begins anew with the newly selected
WATCHMAN” . range. To cancel plotting, press the [PLOT]
key.
4. Press the [RANGE] key to select a trans-
mission interval. Plotting Interval
(30 sec., 1min.,3min., 6min.)
5. Press the [MENU] key to actuate the
watchman mode. The indication “WATCH- PLOT PLOT 3M
MAN” appears and the radar transmits for 0:25 18:25
one minute and then turns to stand-by,
and “ECHONOMY” lights.
Timer
Note: The antenna radiator does not rotate
in the “ECHONOMY” (stand-by) mode. How- Figure 2-14 Plotting Indications
ever, the radiator rotates continuously dur-
ing the watchman mode.
Plot Brilliance
6. The radar automatically starts transmit-
ting after the time selected at step 4 has The brilliance of plotted echoes is selectable
passed. It transmits for one minute ap- through the MENU display. Press the [MENU]
proximately and examines the guard zone key and select “5. PLOT BRILLIANCE”.
for change.
(a) If the condition is unchanged, the ra-
dar automatically returns to stand-by 2.27 Navigation Data Display
again and continues operating in the
watchman mode. Navigation data can be displayed on the
screen if your radar receives navigation in-
(b) If the condition differs from the previ-
put form a Loran-C, NNSS (satellite naviga-
ous one, the radar sounds an audible
tor) or GPS navigator whose output formats
alarm, cancels the watchman mode
and transmits continuously. is IEC 61162 or FURUNO CIF. Data
displayable include own ship’s position in lati-
7. To cancel the watchman mode manually, tude and longitude (or Loran-C time differ-
press any key. ences (TDs)), bearing and range to a
waypoint selected on the nav aid, own ship’s
speed, heading and course, In addition, if a
2.26 Plotting heading sensor or gyrocompass is also con-
nected, a line connects a waypoint (selected
This function plots the movement of other on navaid), denoted by a dashed ring, with
ships relative to your own ship. the own ship’s position.
Press the [PLOT (A/C RAIN)] control to start To return the navigation data display on or
plotting. The indication “PLOT” and a timer off, press the [MENU] key and select “8. NAV
appear at the top right-hand corner of the DATA”.
screen and movement of all targets is plot- To display TDs instead of L/L, press the
ted. The timer counts up from 0:01 to 99:59, [GAIN] control. Press the control again to
whereupon the timer indication freezes but restore L/L.
plotting continues. Targets initially are up-
dated every 15 seconds. However, you can
select intervals of 30 seconds, 1 minute, 3
minutes or 6 minutes through the MENU dis-
play (Refer to Chapter 3). The plotting inter-
2-11
If the output format is FURUNO CIF a jumper
wire must be connected to “JUP1” on the SPU
Board in the display unit. Note that for CIF
format the bearing measurement method
(Magnetic or True) does not appear for bear-
ing to waypoint data.
MAG 115.0°
12NM GUARD
3.0NM IR
Waypoint
Range to Waypoint
Bearing to Waypoint
M:Magnetic
T:True
(M or T appear in CIF format.)
Own ships position LL WP SPD
(latitude and longitude) 34°38.99S 6.0 NM 4.3 KT Ship's speed
135°19.22E 171.6° M
Ship's heading HD 115.0° CRS 118.0° Ship's course
EBL 315.1° R VRM
48.1°R 9.05 NM 2.62 NM
2-12
3. FALSE ECHOES
Own ship
Multiple
echo
3-1
3.3 Indirect Echoes 3.4 Blind and Shadow Sectors
Indirect echoes may be returned from either Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path
a passing ship or returned from a reflecting of antenna may reduce the intensity of the
surface on your own ship, for example, a radar beam. If the angle subtended at the
stack. In both cases, the echo will return from antenna is more than a few degrees a blind
a legitimate contact to the scanner by the sector may be produced. Within the blind
same indirect path. The echo will appear on sector small targets at close range may not
the same bearing of the reflected surface, but be detected while larger targets at much
at the same range as the direct echo. Figure greater ranges may be detected. See Figure
4-3 illustrates the effect of an indirect echo. 4-4.
Indirect echoes may be recognized as fol-
lows:
• they usually occur in a shadow sector
• they appear on the bearing of the obstruc-
tion but at the range of the legitimate con-
tact
• when plotted, their movements are usu-
ally abnormal, and
• their shapes may indicate they are not di-
rect echoes.
Direct Heading
path marker
Target
Figure 3-4 Blind and shadow sectors
Indirect
path
Obstruction
Scanner (mast, funnel.
etc.)
Target True
Indirect Indirect echo
path Direct echo
path
Heading
Own
marker
ship
True
echo
Bridge
Indirect
Indirect echo
echo
3-2
3.5 SART (Search and Rescue Showing SART marks on the radar
Transponder) display
To show the SART marks only on the radar
A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) display, detune the radar receiver manually.
may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) ra- This erases or weakens all normal radar ech-
dar within a range of approximately 8 n.miles. oes, but, the SART marks are not erased be-
Each radar pulse received causes it to trans- cause the SART response signal scans over
mit a response which is swept repetitively all frequencies in the 9 GHz band. When the
across the complete radar frequency band. radar approaches the SART in operation, the
When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 SART marks will enlarge to large arcs, blur-
µs) through the band before beginning a rela- ring a large part of the screen. Reduce the
tively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band sensitivity and adjust the sea clutter control
back to the starting frequency. This process of the radar.
is repeated for a total of twelve complete
cycles. At some point in each sweep, the
SART frequency will match that of the inter- Summary to detect SART response
rogating radar and be within the pass band
of the radar receiver. If the SART is within 1. Use range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the
range, the frequency match during each of spacing between the SART responses is
about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the
the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response
SART.
on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots
equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles 2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression.
will be shown.
3. Turn off the Interference Rejector.
When the range to the SART is reduced to
about 1 nm, the radar display may show also General remarks on receiving SART
the 12 responses generated during the fast
sweeps. These additional dot responses,
Radar range scale
which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm,
will be interspersed with the original line of
12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and When looking for a SART it is preferable to
smaller than the original dots. use either the 6 or 12 nautical mile range
scale. This is because the total displayed
Screen A: When SART Screen B: When SART
length of the SART response of 12 (or 24)
is distant is close dots may extend approximately 9.5 nautical
Lines of 12 dots
are displayed in miles beyond the position of the SART and it
concentric arcs.
Echo of SART Radar antenna is necessary to see a number of response
beamwidth
24 NM 1.5 NM
Echo of dots to distinguish the SART from other re-
SART
sponses.
Position of
SART
SART range errors
Own ship's
position Own ship's
position
Position of
When responses from only the 12 low fre-
SART mark
length SART quency sweeps are visible (when the SART
9500 MHz Radar receiver
9200 MHz Sweep time bandwidth is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the
7.5 µs
95 µs position at which the first dot is displayed may
be as mush as 0.64 nm beyond the true po-
sition of the SART. When the range closes
Low speed sweep signal so that the fast sweep responses are seen
Sweep start
High speed sweep signal also, the first of these will be no more than
150 meters beyond the true position.
Figure 3-5 SART display
3-3
4. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
This chapter tells you how to keep your ra- 4.1 Preventive Maintenance
dar in good working order. Before reviewing
this chapter please read the safety informa- Regular maintenance is important for good
tion which follows. performance. Always keep the equipment as
free as possible from dirt, dust, and water
splashes. Make sure all screws securing the
DANGER components are properly tightened.
Turn off the power before
performing any maintenance or A maintenance program should be estab-
troubleshooting procedure. lished and should at least include the items
listed in Table 4-1.
Hazardous voltages can shock, burn or cause death.
Only qualified personnel totally famillier with electrical
circuits should work inside the units.
4.2 Replacing the Fuse
RF RADIATION HAZARD
The radar scanner emits high frequency The fuse on the rear panel of the display pro-
radio radiation which can be harmful, tects the equipment against reverse polarity
particularly to your eyes. of ship's mains, overcurrent, and equipment
Never look directly into the scanner from a distance of fault. If the fuse blows, find the cause before
less than two feet when the radar is in operation as
you could injure the cornea of your eyes. Always replacing it. Never use an incorrect fuse -
make sure the radar is set to stand-by or is turned off serious damage to the equipment may re-
before starting work on the scanner unit. sult and void the warranty.
12V: 10A fuse
24/32V: 5A fuse
CAUTION
Use the proper fuse.
4-1
4.3 Troubleshooting
Table 4-2 contains simple troubleshooting
procedures which you can follow to try to re-
store normal operation. If you cannot restore
normal operation, do not attempt to check
inside any unit of the radar system. Any re-
pair work is best left to a qualified technician.
4-2
4.4 Life Expectancy of
Magnetron
The following table shows the life expectancy
of the magnetrons.
MG5248 000-116-121
2,000 - 3,000 hours
(Including stand-by)
E3571 000-137-529
4-3
SPECIFICATIONS OF MARINE RADAR
MODEL 1761 MARK-3
1. GENERAL
1.1. Indication System PPI Daylight display, raster scan, 8 tones in monochrome
1.2. Range, Pulselength (PL) & Pulse Repetition Rate (PRR)
Range (nautical miles)
PL PRR 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48
SP 2100 Hz 0.08 µs
MP 1200 Hz 0.3 µs
LP 600 Hz 0.8 µs
1.3. Range Resolution 41 m
1.4. Bearing Discrimination 2.9º
1.5. Minimum Range 39 m (0.25 NM range)
1.6. Bearing Accuracy Within 1º
1.7. Range Ring Accuracy 0.9 % of range or 8 m, whichever is the greater
2. ANTENNA UNIT
2.1. Radiator Slotted waveguide array
2.2. Polarization Horizontal
2.3. Antenna Rotation Speed 24 rpm or 48 rpm nominal
2.4. Radiator Length 100 cm (XN-10A)
2.5. Horizontal Beamwidth 2.4°
2.6. Vertical Beamwidth 27°
2.7. Sidelobe Attenuation Within ±20° of main-lobe: less than -24 dB
Outside ±20° of main-lobe: less than -30 dB
3. TRANSCEIVER MODULE
3.1. Frequency 9410 MHz ±30MHz (X band)
3.2. Modulation P0N
3.3. Peak Output Power 4 kW nominal
3.4. Modulator FET Switching Method
3.5. Intermediate Frequency 60 MHz
3.6. Tuning Automatic
3.7. Receiver Front End MIC (Microwave IC)
3.8. Bandwidth Tx pulselength 0.08 µs and 0.3 µs: 7 MHz
Tx pulselength 0.8 µs: 3 MHz
3.9. Duplexer Circulator with diode limiter
SP - 1 E3481S01B
4. DISPLAY UNIT
4.1. Indication System PPI Daylight display, raster scan, 8 tones in monochrome
4.2. Picture Tube 7 inch rectangular monochrome CRT
Effective display area more than 100 mm
4.3. Range, Range Interval, Number of Rings
Range (NM) 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 48
Ring Interval (NM) 0.125 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 12
Number of Rings 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
4.1. Markers Heading Line, Bearing Scale, Range Rings,
Variable Range Marker (VRM),
Electric Bearing Line (EBL), Tuning Bar, Cursor, Alarm Zone,
Waypoint Mark (navigation input required),
North Mark (heading sensor input required)
4.2. Alphanumeric Indications Range, Range Ring Interval, Interference Rejection (IR),
Stand-by (ST-BY), Radar Alarm (G(IN), G(OUT), G(ACKN)),
Range, Bearing and Latitude/Longitude of Cursor,
Echo Stretch (ES), Echo Plot (PLOT), Plot Elapsed Time,
Navigation Data (navigation input required),
Heading (HDC, heading sensor input required)
4.3. Input Data NMEA0183 (Ver.1.5/2.0), current loop
Own ship’s position: GGA>RMA>RMC>GLL (accept GLL in NMEA Version1.5 only)
Speed: RMA>RMC>VTG>VHW
Heading (True): HDT>HDG*1>HDM*1>VHW>VHW *1
Heading (Magnetic): HDM>HDG*1>HDT*1>VHW>VHW *1
Course (True): RMA>RMC>VTG
Course (Magnetic): VTG>RMC>RMA
Waypoint (Range, Bearing): RMB>BWC>BWR
Loran time difference: RMA>GLC>GTD
*1: calculated by magnetic drift.
4.4. Output Data NMEA 0183 (Version 1.5/2.0), RS-422
5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
5.1. Ambient Temperature Antenna Unit: -25°C to +70°C
Display Unit: -15°C to +55°C
5.2. Relative Humidity 95 % or less at +40°C
5.3. Waterproofing Antenna Unit: IPX6
Display Unit: IPX4
SP - 2 E3481S01B
7. COATING COLOR
7.1. Display Unit Panel: N3.0, Chassis: 2.5GY5/1.5
7.2. Antenna Unit N9.5
SP - 3 E3481S01B
Index
A S
A/C RAIN control .................................... 2-4 SART ....................................................... 3-2
A/C SEA control .................................... 2-3 Sensitivity ................................................ 2-2
Shadow Sectors ...................................... 3-2
B Side-lobe Echoes .................................. 3-1
Bearing measurement ............................. 2-5 Stand-by .................................................. 2-2
Blind sectors ............................................ 3-2 ST BY/TX key .......................................... 2-2
Brilliance ........................................... 2-2, 2-8 System configuration ................................. vii
BRILL key ................................................ 2-2
T
E Transmitting ............................................ 2-2
EBL ........................................................ 2-5 Troubleshooting .................................... 4-2
Echo stretch ............................................ 2-8
Economy mode ....................................... 2-2
V
VRM ........................................................ 2-5
F
Fuse ........................................................ 4-1
W
Watchman ............................................. 2-10
G
Gain control ............................................. 2-2
Z
Guard alarm .......................................... 2-9
Guard key ................................................ 2-9 Zoom ....................................................... 2-6
Guard zone ............................................. 2-9
H
Heading marker ....................................... 2-4
I
Indirect echoes ........................................ 3-2
Interference ........................................... 2-8
M
Magnetron .............................................. 4-3
Maintenance ............................................ 4-1
Multiple Echoes ....................................... 3-1
Menu tree .................................................. v
N
Navigation data .................................... 2-11
Noise ....................................................... 3-8
North marker ........................................... 2-4
P
Plotting interval ....................................... 2-11
Plotting timer .......................................... 2-11
POWER key ............................................ 2-2
Power on/off ............................................ 2-2
R
Range key ............................................... 2-2
Range measurement ............................... 2-5
Range rings ............................................. 2-5
IN-1