[ADVANCED 2 Ee CULTURAL ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION USE AND STRUCTURE matin ci ‘ea mas? the world, The things we say and do can mean ing the same lenguage. - llioms and Phrases: Groups of words that combined have a different meaning from their individual Cross the bridge when you come to it. Meaning: Deal with a problem only when it is necessary. Do not anticipate problems. ‘Once in a blue moon Meaning: Something that happen: rely. + Slang Terms: Very informal language that is usually restricted to a particular context or group of people. Buck Slang term for the American dollar Booze Slang term for alcoholic drinks.LANGUAGESUIC + Jokes {A joke is usually a funny unreal story which makes people laugh, But very often they bring cultural elements that are restricted a particular culture I DREAM OF A BETTER WORLD WHERE CHICKENS CAN CROSS THE ROAD WITHOUT HAVING HEIR MOTIVES QUESTIONED In order to understand why itis funny you need some cultural background information. There is a widely famous rdele joke in Engl which asks: “Why did the chieken cross the road?” The answer should be: "Te get te the ether sil Itis an conic example of ant-hun + Other Aspects of Language (cos: The way we interact with others is a htalans are known for speaking at a loud tone of voice Brazilans usvally stand much closer to each other when talking than most cu Russians usually overlap each other's sentences and itis not a sign of disrespect. + Gestures: they may have aifferent meanings in aifferent cultures. SS V many counties, tis considered to be sign: In the US. th’s sign means both victory and ‘ positive sign, but in the Middle East itis considered peace, Butin the United Kingdom, Australia, and tobe offensive. South Africa, if you do the same gesture facing your offensive hand back tis considered to be exe[ADVANCED 2eee Snes Foreign Language in over 100 counties, such as Braz More Possible Features of English as a Lingua Franca 1 Person Simple P? Reacing th + Not using "ato live in United you vill find examples and co IMPLIED MEANING: STRESS AND INTONATION USE AND STRUCTURE + Intonation nain intonation patterns: flat, rising, an’ {2¢9 in ming that, when speaking, you Thete are the ling pater What are you aoing?[ADVANCED 2 EE ntences in general aren't exactly lat because you stress content w according to their mood and intention, ds, But speakers will change it you want, you can add meaning to sentences by _Highlighting the importance on the interlocutor changing the stress and intonation of the sentence. lertation: YOU ox aoing? Mother ~ Kids, we are having fish for inner tonight Kid —I con't lke fish, » Possible Implied Meaning = The others might like it. But don't. Think bout me! Mother Nice. So, youllke fsh Kid don't Ike fish. + Possible Implied Meaning + You misunderstood me Mother ~ What do you think about having fish for dinner? Kid don't like fish. » Possible Implied Meaning ~ Ihate it and you know it Mother ~ So, what do you want for cinner? Fish or chicken? e>uaee Kid don't like fish. » Possiole Implled Meaning » So, let's have chicken. EXAMPLES |N CONTEXT « The Super Bow! Tony —~ Baby! You're not gonna believe this! {Cantyou see that i's not just an ordinary {You will beleve ft but i's very good game?) news) Sandra — Baby, when have | ever watched @ Sandra. ~ Tell me football game? {Why are you taking so long?) (Football games are all the same for me} Tony —~ I gotus tickets for Sunday! Tony = Please, stop calling ta game! I you don't (Gotung tickets for Sunday is realy want to come for the football, then come aitficut) for the hallime shove Bruno Mars wil be Sandra. — Tickets for Sunday? For the football performing gam {At least, acknowledge ts importance) Really? Thats the good nevis? Are you Sandra — Now we are talking sure?) (You have finally mentioned something Tony = Wait 2 minute! t's nota football game interesting Ws the Super Bow! °eWere e en REPORTED SPEECH: REVIEW USE AND STRUCTURE ': eportto at y what you were The speaker o + Structure Verb Forms Time Expressions» Depending o Do you guys want to go to the game next week? Next week, we willbe traveling, ala Joins a Foyay 1 TC AFTERNOON + Reported teday in the evening Direct Speech: ‘De you guys want to go to the game next week?” Reported Speech: Jason asked Martha an Donale i they wanted Io go to the game next week[ADVANCED 2 EE set Speech: "Next week, we will be traveling” Reported Speech: Martha said they will be traveling next week Rep! od twe week after the dialogue 100k place: Direct Speech: "Do you guys want to go to the geme next week? Reperted Speech: Jason asked Martha and Donald if they wanted 0 go to the gat n the fallowing week. set Speech: "Next week, we will be traveling Reported Speech: Martina sald they would be traveling that week. EXAMPLES |N CONTEXT ‘Amanda's Surprise Party Betty ~ Is everything OK for Amance's surprise party tomorrow? John — Yes, I spoke to Lise this morning, She told me that Tom bought some balloons and that they are coming earlier to help us decorate. Betty — Great What abo John — | bought the drinks yesterday. Helen said she ‘was going to bake a cake and bring ithere tomorraw morning, Betty — Nico! Iealled Amanda and told her she and | should go out for some drinks. So, she's going to come to meet here at seve! pm. John = Pes pm 1 the eins and eake? ct Lasked everyone to be here at seven, COMMON MISTAKES * Paul told he was going to hel Paultold me he was going to help you Paul said he was going to help you Martha asked him what werhe going to do that day, Martha asked him what he was going do that day