Oxidation is the process in which oxygen or an electronegative element is added.

It can also be
defined as a process in which hydrogen or an electropositive element is removed. In terms of
electronic concept, oxidation is the process in which oxidation takes place.

Reduction is a process in which addition of hydrogen or an electropositive element takes place. It is

also defined as a process in which oxygen or an electronegative element is removed. In electronic
concept, reduction process involves the gain of electrons.

***Those reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously are called redox
reaction.

For eg. Oxidation

MnO2(s) + 4HCl(conc.) MnCl2(aq) + Cl2 (g) + 2H2O

Reduction

**Oxidising agent is a substance which can add oxygen or an electronegative element to other
materials. It can also remove hydrogen or an electropositive element from other materials.

**Reducing agent is a substance which can add hydrogen or an electropositive element to other
materials. It can also remove oxygen or an electronegative element from other materials.

Q. What is redox reaction? Identify the substance oxidised and the substance reduced in the
following reactions. [CBSE 2012]
(i)2PbO + C 2Pb + CO2
(ii) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
Ans. Those reactions in which both oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously are called redox
reaction.
(i) PbO is reduced, C is oxidised
(ii) HCl is oxidised, MnO2 is reduced

Q. Decomposition reaction requires energy either in the form of heat or light or electricity for
breaking down the reactants. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is
supplied in the form of heat, light and energy. [CBSE 2018]
Ans.
Heat
CaCO3 CaO + CO2

2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 Any One

2Pb(NO3)2 2PbI + 4NO2 + O2

2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2

Any One
2AgBr 2Ag + Br2

2H2O 2H2 + O2
Q. (a) Define Corrosion.
(b) What is corrosion of iron called?
(c) Why corrosion of Iron is a serious problem?
(d) How can we prevent corrosion?
(e) How will you recognise the corrosion of silver? [CBSE 2014]

Ans.
(a) Corrosion: The process in which metals breakdown gradually by the action of air, moisture
or chemical on their surface.
(b) Rusting of Iron
(c) Every year enormous amount of money is spent to replace damaged iron.
(d) Paint, Galvanisation, electroplating. (any one)
(e) By the development of a black coating on silver.