3
Multiple-choice Questions
3.1
Relative Atomic Mass
and Relative Molecular
Mass
1 The relative formula mass of
3
Mg(XO3)2 is 148. Determine the
relative atomic mass of element
X. [Relative atomic mass: O, 16;
Mg, 24]
A 10 C 14
B 12 D 18
2 A compound with formula
M2S2O3.5H2O has a relative
formula mass of 248.
What is the relative atomic mass
of M? [Relative atomic mass:
H, 1; O, 16; S, 32]
A 23 C 27
B 24 D 39
3 Veronal is a barbiturate used
to induce sleep in psychiatric
patients. The molecular formula
of veronal is C4H2N2O3(C2H5)2.
Determine the relative molecular
mass of veronal. [Relative
atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12; N, 14;
O, 16]
A 160 C 186
B 184 D 196
4 The diagram shows the molecular
structure of vanillin molecule
which gives vanilla its taste.
H O
C A I and III only
| [Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
H C H
C C
H
| C 19.6 g of sulphuric acid, H2SO4
C C–O–C–H
| CH3COOH
H C H
| drug). [Relative atomic mass:
O–H
Determine the relative molecular
mass of vanillin.
Chemical Formulae and Equations
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; O, 16]
A 136
B 140
C 151
D 152
5 Three elements are represented
by the letters X, Y and Z. One
’08 atom of Z is two times heavier
than one atom of Y. One atom
of Y is three times heavier than
one atom of X. If the relative
atomic mass of X is 39, what is
the relative atomic mass of Z?
A 78 C 195
B 117 D 234
6 Which compound in the table
below is correctly matched with
its relative formula mass?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; N, 14; O, 16; Na, 23;
P, 31; S, 32; Cl, 35.5; Ca, 40;
Co, 59]
Relative
Compound
formula mass
I Ca3(PO4)2 310
II C14H18N2O5 294
III C17H35COONa 306
IV CoCl2.6H2O 170
B II and IV only
C I, II and III only
D I, III and IV only
7 Calculate how many beryllium
atoms that will have the same
mass as one quinine molecule,
C20H24N2O2 (an anti-malarial
H,1; Be,9; C,12; N,14; O,16]
A 35 C 37
B 36 D 38
62
3.2
Relationship between the
Number of Moles and
the Number of Particles
8 Which of the following samples
contain 3.0 3 1022 molecules?
[Relative atomic mass: H,1;
C, 12; N, 14; O,16; S, 32; 1 mol
contains 6 3 1023 molecules]
I 0.9 g of H2O
II 0.85 g of NH3
III 1.4 g of C2H4
IV 1.6 g of SO2
A I, II and III only
B I, III and IV only
C II, III and IV only
D I, II, III and IV
9 Calculate the number of molecules
in 0.88 g of vitamin C, C6H8O6.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12;
O, 16; NA = 6 3 1023 mol–1]
A 3.0 3 1021
B 3.0 3 1022
C 7.5 3 1021
D 7.5 3 1022
10 Calculate the number of atoms
in 0.96 g of titanium.
[Relative atomic mass: Ti, 48;
NA = 6 3 1023 mol–1]
A 1.2 3 1021
B 1.5 3 1021
C 1.2 3 1022
D 1.5 3 1022
11 Which of the following has the
most number of molecules?
C, 12; O, 16; Br, 80]
A 3.6 g of water, H2O
B 4.0 g of methane, CH4
D 13.2 g of ethanoic acid,
12 The relative atomic mass of
oxygen and sulphur are 8 and
32 respectively. Which of the
following statements is/are true
about oxygen and sulphur?
 I 4 g of oxygen and 8 g of
sulphur contain the same
number of atoms.
II The sulphur atom has four
times more neutrons than an
oxygen atom.
III The sulphur atom is four times
denser than the oxygen atom.
IV 8 g of oxygen contain two
times more atoms than 8 g
of sulphur.
A I and III only
B II and IV only
C II and III only
D IV only
13 What is the total number
of atoms present in 6.05 g
dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2.
[Relative atomic mass: C, 12;
F, 19; Cl, 35.5; NA = 6 3 1023
mol–1]
A 1.2 3 1022 C 1.2 3 1023
B 3.0 3 1022 D 1.5 3 1023
14 Pyrethrin is an insecticide with
molecular formula of C19H26O3.
Calculate the number of
pyrethrin molecules contained
in a spray with 15.1 g of the
compound.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; O, 16; NA = 6 3 1023
mol–1]
A 1.5 3 1022 C 1.5 3 1023
B 3.0 3 1022 D 3.0 3 1023
15 If m is the number of atoms in
3 g of carbon, the number of
atoms in 3 g of magnesium in
terms of m is [Relative atomic
mass: C, 12; Mg, 24]
1 II 0.88 g of carbon dioxide, CO2
A —m C m
2 mass of 2.20 g, determine the
1 relative molecular mass of ethyl
B —m D 2m
3 ethanoate.
3.3 Relationship between the
Number of Moles of a
Substance and Its Mass
16 Which of the following
substances contain the same
’09 number of atoms as in 36 gram
of carbon? [Relative atomic
mass: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16; S, 32]
I 3 g of hydrogen
II 64 g of sulphur
III 18 g of water
IV 22 g of carbon dioxide
A I and III only
B I and IV only
C II and III only
D II and IV only
17 Calculate the mass of 7.5 3 1021
aspirin, C9H8O4 molecules.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; O, 16; NA = 6 3 1023
mol–1]
A 1.25 g C 2.25 g
B 1.44 g D 3.00 g
18 Caffeine is found in coffee beans.
Its molecular formula is C4H5N2O.
A pill contains 0.05 mol of
caffeine. Determine the mass
of the compound in the pill.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; N, 14; O, 16]
A 1.94 g C 4.85 g
B 2.42 g D 9.70 g
19 A cockroach repellent has the
formula CH3(CH2)5CHCHCHO.
Determine the mass of
0.02 mol of this substance.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; O, 16]
A 1.40 g C 3.50 g
B 2.80 g D 5.60 g
20 Acetaminophen is a medicine
used to relieve pain. 0.0002
mol of acetaminophen has a
mass of 0.0302 g. Which of
the following is the molecular
formula of acetaminophen?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; N, 14; O, 16]
A C8H9NO2 C C8H9NO
B C8H8NO2 D C8H9N2O
21 Ethyl ethanoate is a liquid used
as nail varnish remover. If 0.025
mol of ethyl ethanoate has a
A 44 C 77
B 55 D 88
22 The diagram shows the molecular
structure of allicin which is a
compound obtained from garlic.
Allicin have powerful antibiotic
and antifungal properties.
O
i gas occupies a volume of 24
C S C C
H H2 H2
C C S C
H2 H2 H
allicin
63
Calculate the number of moles
in 4.86 g allicin.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; O, 16; S, 32]
A 0.02 mol C 0.03 mol
B 0.025 mol D 0.05 mol
23 Cocaine, C17H21O4N is a drug.
Calculate the mass of 1.2 3 1021
cocaine molecules.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; N, 14; O, 16;
NA = 6 3 1023 mol–1]
A 0.202 g C 0.404 g
B 0.303 g D 0.606 g
3
3.4 Relationship between
the Number of Moles of
a Gas and Its Volume
24 1.0 g of calcium carbonate is
added into excess hydrochloric
acid.
CaCO3 + 2HCl →
CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Determine the volume of
carbon dioxide gas evolved at
room temperature.
[Relative atomic mass: C, 12;
O, 16; Ca, 40; 1 mol of gas
occupies a volume of 24 dm3
at r.t.p.]
A 120 cm3 C 180 cm3
B 150 cm3 D 240 cm3
25 Which of the following gases will
occupy the same volume as 2.42
g dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; N, 14; O, 16; F, 19;
S, 32; Cl, 35.5]
I 0.34 g of ammonia, NH3
III 1.28 g of sulphur dioxide, SO2
IV 0.40 g of methane, CH4
A I, II and III only
B I, II and IV only
C I, III and IV only
D II, III and IV only
26 Which of the following gases
occupy a volume of 600 cm3 at
room temperature and pressure?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; O, 16; S, 32; 1 mol of
dm3 r.t.p.]
I 0.64 g of oxygen, O2
II 0.75 g ethane, C2H6
III 0.56 g of carbon monoxide,
CO
Chemical Formulae and Equations
 IV 1.15 g nitrogen dioxide, NO2
A I and III only
B II and IV only
C I, II and III only
D II, III and IV only
27 Which of the following gases
has the heaviest mass at room
temperature and pressure?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; N, 14; O, 16; S, 32;
1 mol of gas occupies a volume
of 24 dm3 r.t.p.]
A 3 dm3 of sulphur dioxide, SO2
B 6 dm3 of nitrogen dioxide, NO2
3
3.5
Chemical Formulae
31 1.04 g of element X reacted
with 0.48 g of oxygen to form an
oxide with the empirical formula
X2O3. Determine the relative
atomic mass of element X.
[Relative atomic mass: O, 16]
A 24 C 52
B 48 D 56
32 When 3.64 g of a metal oxide
of M is reduced, 2.04 g of the
metal is obtained.
Determine the empirical formula
[Molar volume: 24 dm3 mol–1 at
room conditions; Relative atomic
mass: Zn, 65]
A 0.325 g
B 0.650 g
C 0.975 g
D 4.333 g
37 0.31 gram of copper(II)
carbonate is heated. Determine
the volume of carbon dioxide
gas released at room conditions.
[Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O,
16; Cu, 64; Molar volume : 24
dm3 at room conditions]

C 15 dm3 of methane, CH4 of the metal oxide. A 60 cm3

D 96 dm3 of hydrogen, H2
28 Which of the following gases
occupies the greatest volume at
room temperature and pressure?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1;
C, 12; N, 14; O, 16; 1 mol of
gas occupies a volume of 24 dm3
r.t.p.]
A 0.64 g oxygen, O2 atomic mass of M.
B 0.70 g nitrogen, N2
C 1.10 g carbon dioxide, CO2
D 0.51 g ammonia, NH3
29 What is the number of atoms in
0.05 mol of ammonia gas, NH3?
[Avogadro number : 6 3 1023
mol–1]
A 1.2 3 1022
B 3.0 3 1022
C 1.2 3 1023
D 3.0 3 1023
30 Which of the statements below
are true?
I 1.10 g of CO2 and 1.25 g of
SO2 gases occupy the same
volume at s.t.p.
II 0.42 g of N2 and 0.66 g of
CO2 gases occupy the same
volume at s.t.p.
III 2.24 dm3 of C2H6 and 1.12
dm3 of SO2 gases at s.t.p.
have the same mass.
IV 4.48 dm3 of O2 and 8.96
dm3 of CH4 gases at s.t.p.
have the same mass.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12;
N, 14; O, 16; S, 32; 1 mol of
gas occupies 22.4 dm3 at s.t.p.]
A I and III only
B II and IV only
C I, II and IV only
D II, III and IV only
[Relative atomic mass: O, 16; B 120 cm3
M, 51] C 240 cm3
A MO2 C M3O2 D 360 cm3
B M2O3 D M2O5
33 2.75 g of metal M combines 38 Calculate the mass of aluminium
with 1.6 g of oxygen to form an oxide, Al2O3 formed if 5.4 g of
’10 oxide with the empirical formula aluminium is heated in air.
of MO2. Determine the relative [Relative atomic mass: O, 16;
K, 39]
[Relative atomic mass: O, 16] A 8.4 g
A 48 C 55 B 8.6 g
B 52 D 56 C 10.2 g
D 11.8 g
34 x gram of antimony (Sb)
combines with 0.48 g of 39 Magnesium oxide reacts with
oxygen to form an oxide with nitric acid to form magnesium
the empirical formula of Sb2O3. nitrate and water.
Determine the value of x. If 8.0 g of magnesium oxide
[Relative atomic mass: O, 16; is reacted with excess nitric
Sb, 122] acid, calculate the mass of salt
A 1.22 g formed.
B 2.44 g [Relative atomic mass: N, 14;
C 3.66 g O, 16; Cu, 64]
D 4.88 g A 14.8 g
35 An element E forms a fluoride B 17.2 g
compound with the formula C 20.4 g
EF3, which contains 16.2 % of D 29.6 g
E by mass. What is the relative
atomic mass of E? 40 Iron reacts with chlorine
[Relative atomic mass; F, 19] according to the equation
A 11 ’09 below:
B 24 2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3
C 27
D 31 If 1.68 gram of iron burns
completely in chlorine, calculate
the mass of product formed.
3.6 [Relative atomic mass: Cl, 35.5,
Chemical Equations
Fe, 56]
36 Calculate the mass of zinc A 2.438 g
required to react with excess B 4.875 g
’09 nitric acid to produce 360 cm3 C 6.555 g
of hydrogen at room conditions. D 9.750 g

Chemical Formulae and Equations 64

Structured Questions
1 A hydrocarbon X contains 82.76% carbon by mass.
2.9 g of hydrocarbon X occupies a volume of 1.2
’10 dm3 at room temperature and pressure.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16; 1 mol of
gas occupies a volume of 24 dm3 at r.t.p.;
NA = 6  1023 mol–1]
(a) What is a hydrocarbon? [1 mark]
(b) Determine the empirical formula of hydrocarbon
X. [2 marks]
(c)
Calculate the relative molecular mass of
hydrocarbon X. [2 marks]
(d) Determine the molecular formula of hydrocarbon X. Name of salt
(i) Determine the empirical formula of M oxide.
[2 marks]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reduction
of M oxide to metal M using hydrogen gas.
[2 marks]
(e) Can the empirical formula of magnesium oxide
be determined using the same arrangement of
apparatus as above? Explain your answer. [2 marks]
3 Table 1 shows the positive and negative ions in three
salt solutions.
’05
Positive ion Negative ion

[2 marks]
(e) Combustion of X in air produces carbon dioxide
and water. Write a chemical equation for the
reaction. [2 marks]
(f) If 11.6 g of X is burnt, calculate Table 1
(i) the mass of water formed. [1 mark]
(ii) the number of carbon dioxide molecules
produced at room temperature. [1 mark]
2 The apparatus shown is used to determine the
empirical formula of the oxide of metal M by reducing
’07 the metal oxide with dry hydrogen gas.
[Relative atomic mass: O, 16; M, 55]
Diagram 1
(a) State one precaution that must be taken when
carrying out the experiment. [1 mark]
(b) How can you ensure that all the oxide of metal
M has been reduced? [1 mark] ’05
3
Copper(II) sulphate Cu2+
SO42–
Potassium iodide K+ I–
Lead(II) nitrate Pb2+ NO3–
(a) What is another name for a positively-charged
ion? [1 mark]
(b) Write the formula of lead(II) nitrate. [1 mark]
(c) When aqueous lead(II) nitrate solution is added
to aqueous potassium iodide solution, a yellow
precipitate is formed.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction.
[2 marks]
(ii) Describe the chemical equation in (i).
[1 mark]
(iii) Name the yellow precipitate. [1 mark]
(iv) If 0.04 mol of aqueous potassium iodide
solution is added to excess lead(II) nitrate
solution, calculate the maximum mass of
the yellow precipitate formed. [Relative
atomic mass: I, 127; Pb, 207] [2 marks]
4 Table 2 shows the descriptions and observations of
two experiments, I and II.

(c) (i) Name two chemicals used to prepare Experiment Description Observation
hydrogen gas in the laboratory. [1 mark] I Combustion Magnesium burns
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction in (i). of 1.2 g of brightly and a
[1 mark] magnesium white powder is
(iii) Name a chemical used to dry hydrogen gas. powder in formed
[1 mark] excess oxygen
(d) The information below shows the results of the II Heating Black solid X is
experiment: copper(II) formed and a
carbonate gas P which turns
Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper strongly in a limewater cloudy
= 39.25 g test tube is evolved
Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper +
oxide of metal M before heating = 47.95 g Table 2
Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + [Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16; Mg, 24; Cu, 64;
metal M after heating = 44.75 g 1 mol of gas occupies a volume of 24 dm3 at room
temperature and pressure]

65 Chemical Formulae and Equations

 (a) Based on Experiment I:
(i) The white powder formed is magnesium
oxide. Write the chemical equation for the
reaction that takes place. [2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the mass of magnesium oxide
formed if 3 g of magnesium is completely
burnt in excess oxygen. [2 marks]
(iii) State one use of magnesium oxide. [1 mark]
(iv) The magnesium oxide is basic and reacts
with nitric acid (HNO3) to form magnesium
nitrate and water. Write a chemical equation
for this reaction. [2 marks]
(b) Based on Experiment II:
(i) Name the black solid X and gas P formed
3
when copper(II) carbonate is heated strongly.
[2 marks]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction
that takes place. [1 mark]
(iii) If 6.2 g of copper(II) carbonate had reacted,
calculate
(a) the mass of solid X formed. [1 mark]
(b) the volume of gas P formed at room
temperature and pressure. [1 mark]
5 When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is heated, it
decomposes to sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide
and water.
Essay Questions
1 (a) Using a suitable example, explain the meaning of
the following terms: the empirical formula of lead oxide. Your answer
(i) Empirical formula [2 marks]
(ii) Molecular formula [2 marks]
(b) State a suitable method that can be used to
determine the empirical formula of lead(II) oxide. (iii) calculation of the results obtained. [4 marks]
[2 marks]
(c) Can the same method in (b) be used to
determine the empirical formula of magnesium
oxide? Explain your answer. [3 marks]
Experiment
1 You are required to plan an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
Your explanation should include the following:
(a) Statement of the problem
(b) All the variables
(c) List of materials and apparatus
(d) Procedure
(e) Tabulation of data [17 marks]
Chemical Formulae and Equations
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the
decomposition of sodium bicarbonate on heating.
[2 marks]
(b) State a chemical test for carbon dioxide gas.
[2 marks]
(c) If 8.4 g of sodium bicarbonate decomposes,
calculate
(i) the volume of carbon dioxide gas envolved
at room temperature and pressure. [3 marks]
(ii) the mass of sodium carbonate formed.
[3 marks]
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16;
Na, 23; 1 mol of gas occupies a volume of
24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]
(d) Sodium bicarbonate reacts with nitric acid (HNO3) to
form sodium nitrate, carbon dioxide and water.
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for this
reaction. [2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the mass of sodium bicarbonate
that reacts with the excess acid to produce
17 g of sodium nitrate. [3 marks]
(iii) State one use of sodium nitrate. [2 marks]
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12; N, 14;
O, 16; Na, 23]
(e) (i) Name another chemical that reacts with
nitric acid to form sodium nitrate. [1 mark]
(ii) Write an equation for this reaction. [2 marks]
(d) Describe a laboratory method of determining
should include
(i) the procedure of the experiment [4 marks]
(ii) tabulation of result [3 marks]
[Relative atomic mass: O, 16; Pb, 207]
66