Available online at www.sciencedirect.

com
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect
Energy
Available Procedia
online 00 (2018) 000–000
Available online atatwww.sciencedirect.com
www.sciencedirect.com
Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Energy
EnergyProcedia
Procedia157 (2019) 000–000
00 (2017) 655–669
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability, TMREES18,
Technologies and Materials for Renewable
19–21 Energy,
September 2018,Environment and Sustainability, TMREES18,
Athens, Greece
19–21 September 2018, Athens, Greece
Evaluation of Correlations of Compressibility Factor (z) of Natural
EvaluationThe of 15thCorrelations of Compressibility
International Symposium on District Heating Factor (z) of Natural
and Cooling
Gas for Algerian Gas Reservoirs
Gas for Algerian Gas Reservoirs
AssessingH.M.SIDROUHOU
the feasibility1*of ,
using the2 heat
M.KORICHI and
demand-outdoor
S.DADA 3

temperature H.M.SIDROUHOUfunction for a long-term 1*

, M.KORICHI district
2
heat demand
and S.DADA 3
forecast
Laboratoire Dynamique, Interaction et Réactivité des Systèmes (DIRES), Hydrocarbon Processing Department, Kasdi Merbah University,
1

1 Ouargla
Laboratoire Dynamique, Interaction et Réactivité des Systèmes – DZ- Algeria;
(DIRES), Hydrocarbon Processing Department, Kasdi Merbah University,
2 a,b,c a a b c c
I. Andrić *, A. Pina , P. Ferrão , J. Fournier ., B. Lacarrière , O. Le Corre
DIRES, Hydrocarbon Processing Department, Kasdi
Ouargla – DZ- Merbah University, Ouargla – DZ- Algeria
Algeria;
32
DIRES, Hydrocarbon Processing Department, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla – DZ- Algeria
a
IN+ Center for Innovation,
3
Technology and
DIRES, Hydrocarbon Policy Research
Processing - Instituto
Department, KasdiSuperior Técnico, Av.Ouargla
Merbah University, Rovisco–Pais
DZ- 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Algeria
b
Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Daniel, 78520 Limay, France
c
Département Systèmes Énergétiques et Environnement - IMT Atlantique, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44300 Nantes, France
Abstract
Abstract
The study of PVT properties of natural gas is essential for the development of its production and exploitation. The laboratory is
Abstract
The study of
considered thePVTmainproperties of natural
source of data for thesegasproperties
is essentialas for
it isthe
alsodevelopment of its production
possible to compute these dataand
usingexploitation. Theand
state equations laboratory is
empirical
considered
correlationsthe withmain sourceerror
variable of data for these properties as it is also possible to compute these data using state equations and empirical
margins.
District
workheating
correlations
This withto
aims networks
variable are margins.
error commonly
study experimentally an addressed in the literature
Algerian natural as one ofonthethemost
gas, concentrating effectiveofsolutions
calculation for decreasing
the compressibility the
factor,
greenhouse
This
using work gastoemissions
aims
the relative from to the
study experimentally
correlations building
calculate anthis sector.
factor,These
Algerian whilesystems
natural require
gas, concentrating
trying to modify high investments
on
these the
with whatwhich
calculation ofare
thereturned
corresponds betterthrough
compressibility the heat
factor,
with Algerian
sales.the
using
natural Due
gas to the
relative
based changed
statisticalclimate
correlations
on conditions
to calculate
tools and and data.
this factor,
experimental building
while tryingrenovation
to modify policies,
these with heat what
demand in the future
corresponds better could decrease,
with Algerian
prolonging
natural gas the
based investment
on return
statistical toolsperiod.
and experimental data.
The results of this study show that it is possible to develop and update the correlation coefficients that correspond better with each
Theresults
The main scope
geographic of thisof
region inthis
study paper
show
order is toitassess
that
to reduce is the feasibility
thepossible
margin to error. ofand
ofdevelop using the heat
update demand – outdoor
the correlation temperature
coefficients functionbetter
that correspond for heat demand
with each
forecast. The
geographic regiondistrict of to
in order Alvalade,
reduce the located
margin in ofLisbon
error. (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665
©buildings
2018 Thethat vary in
Authors. both construction
Published by ElsevierperiodLtd. and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district
©
© 2019
2018 The
renovation
The Authors.
scenarios
Authors. Published
were
Published by
developed
by Elsevier
Elsevier
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND Ltd.
(shallow,
Ltd. intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
This is an open
compared with access article
resultsarticle
from under
aunder
dynamicthe CC BY-NC-ND
heatBY-NC-ND
demand license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
This is an and
Selection open access
peer-review under the CC
responsibility of the model,
license
scientific previously developed and validated by the authors.
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
committee of Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy,
Selection andshowed
The results peer-review underonly
that when responsibility
weather changeof the isscientific
considered,committee of Technologies
the margin of error could andbeMaterials
acceptableforfor
Renewable Energy,
some applications
Selection
Environment and peer-review
and under
Sustainability,
Environment and Sustainability, TMREES18. responsibility
TMREES18. of the scientific committee of Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy,
(the error inand
Environment annual demand was
Sustainability, lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation
TMREES18.
scenarios,PVT,
Keywords: the production,
error valuenatural
increased up to 59.5% factor
gas, compressibility (depending
(z). on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered).
The value
Keywords: of production,
PVT, slope coefficient increased
natural gas, on average
compressibility factorwithin
(z). the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the
decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and
1.renovation
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the
1.coupled
GENERAL
Natural gas isINTRODUCTION
scenarios). a fuel
The that comes
values from the
suggested couldreservoir
be usedlayers of thetheearth,
to modify it is essentially
function parameters forcomposed of methane
the scenarios (CH4),
considered, and
isNatural
itimprove thegas
colorless is a odorless,
accuracy
and fuel
of that
heat comes
and it from
demand thethe
isestimations.reservoir
simplest layers of the
hydrocarbon earth,
that it isinessentially
exists composed
nature. Natural gas isofamethane (CH4),
non-renewable
it is colorless
fossil resourceand odorless,
whose and itare
reserves is the simplest hydrocarbon
concentrated that exists inareas.
in certain geographic nature.
TheNatural gas is a non-renewable
improvement of its supply,
© 2017
fossil The Authors.
resource
transportation whose
and Published
reserves
storage by Elsevier
are plays
conditions Ltd.
concentrated
a strategicinrole
certain
for itsgeographic
future in theareas.
energyThe
mix.improvement of itsof supply,
World production natural
Peer-review under
transportation and responsibility of the Scientific
storage conditions Committee
plays a strategic roleoffor
Theits15th International
future Symposium
in the energy on District
mix. World Heatingofand
production natural
Cooling.
1876-6102 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: Heat demand; Forecast; Climate change
This is an open
1876-6102 access
© 2018 Thearticle under
Authors. the CC BY-NC-ND
Published license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
by Elsevier Ltd.
Selection
This is an and
openpeer-review under
access article responsibility
under of the scientific
the CC BY-NC-ND licensecommittee of Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
and Sustainability,
Selection TMREES18.
and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment
and Sustainability, TMREES18.
1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
1876-6102 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of The 15th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy,
Environment and Sustainability, TMREES18.
10.1016/j.egypro.2018.11.231
656 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669
2 H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

gas has tripled between 1970 and 2010, accounting for 21.4% of the total energy consumed worldwide in 2010, out
of 12,717 megatons. Algeria ranks seventh in the world in terms of proven resources, the fifth in production and the
third in export. It is considered as a true energy giant, Algeria, with 50% of reserves, 48% of total production and the
impressive rate of 94% of natural gas exports, has no rival in the Mediterranean, where it is ranked as the leading
producer and exporter of oil and natural gas.
Pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) properties are the general terms used to express the volumetric behavior of a
reservoir fluid as a function of pressure and temperature. These properties are very important for geophysicists and
petroleum engineers, especially for material balance calculations, surge performance calculations, as well as for the
analysis, identification, determination and estimation of reserves and quantities that can be recovered. They are also
very important for the determination of oil or gas rates and simulations of digital reservoirs.
The compressibility factor of the gas (Z) is a dimensionless quantity and is defined as a ratio of the actual volume
of n-moles of the gas at temperature and pressure to the volume of the same ideal mole number at the same temperature
and pressure. For many years, the most accurate method for determining the compressibility factors of natural gas has
been the direct measurement in the laboratory using z-factor (standing and Katz) graphs for gas mixtures, but with the
evolution of science; state equations and correlations have been developed for the determination of these factors.
In this section, we apply correlations of these factors and try to develop correlation coefficients from the use of
statistical tools and experimental data for these factors.
So, the main goals of this work are summarized as follows:
1 - An experimental study of Algerian natural gas, with an accent at the expense of the compressibility factor.
2 - A statistical study of the different correlations existing to calculate the gas compressibility factor and an attempt
to develop them with what corresponds best to the Algerian natural gas.

Nomenclature

P Pressure
T Temperatures
V volume
Vr Relative volume
Pb Bubble pressure
Pr Rose pressure
Ppr Pseudo reduced pressure
Ppc Pseudo-critical pressure
D Density of gas relative to air
Mw Average molar mass
Z Compressibility factor of the gas
GOR Gas Oil Ratio
Fc Contraction factor (shrinkage)
Bo Formation Volume Factor
γg Specific gravity of the gas
Yi Molar fraction of component i in the gas mixture
n Number of gas constituent
m Mass
ρ The density
Ei Error
Er Medium error
S Standard deviation
CCE Constant composition expansion
CVD Constant volume differential
DTD Technology and Development Division radius of
 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669 657
H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 3

1. Experimental study
1.1. Data Characteristics

Table 1.
Field STAH
Type of sampling area
Fluid type condensate gas
Static bottom pressure (Psig) 3550
Bottom temperature (°C) 133
Separation pressure (Psig) 305
Separation temperature (°C) 61
GOR "field" (cm3/cm3) 14014
Compressibility factor of the gas '' site '' 0.961
Density of separator gas '' site '' 0.698

1.2. Work Organization Chart

Step 1: Reconstitution of the raw gas
Surface Sampling

Separator gas Separator liquid

Validation Validation

Thermodynamic study Thermodynamic study

Calculated Calculated

RAW GAS

Step 2: Thermodynamic study of raw gas

PVT raw gas

Constant-composition Constant-volume depletion

expansion (CCE) test at (Tg) test (CVD) at (Tg)

Determination the compressibility factor (z).

4 H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000
658 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669

1.3. Reconstitution procedure for raw gas (reservoir fluid)

The reconstitution of the reservoir fluid comprises the following steps:
A. Validation of gas samples and separator liquid:
 For liquids, validation includes:
- Determination of the opening pressure of the bottles;
- The determination of the saturation pressure at the separation temperature, which must be identical to the
separation pressure;
 For gases; the validation is done by:
-A simple chromatographic analysis whose opening pressure must be close if not equal to the separation pressure.

B. Thermodynamic study of the separation effluents:

B. 1. Thermodynamic Study of Gas Separator: Table 2
This study is based on the following steps:
 Chromatographic analysis.
 Determination of the average molar mass.
 Determination of the density of the gas separator.
 Determination of the compressibility factor of the separator gas.
B.2. Thermodynamic study of separator liquid:
The PVT study of the separator liquid includes in the study of the Constant-composition expansion, the flash
separation, is to determine the molar composition of the separator liquid.
B.2.1. Constant-composition expansion of the Separator Liquid: Table 3; Table 4.
This experiment makes it possible to determine the following parameters:
 Saturation pressure (Pb).
 Relative Volume.
 Density.
B.2.2. Flash separation tests: Table 5.
The flash separation in the laboratory is carried out in a separator of the type "Jefri GOR Apparatus", the flash
separation makes it possible to calculate the following parameters:
 The gas-oil ratio "GOR":
 The contraction factor of the oil "Fc" or shrinkage "sh"
 The liquid volume factor "Bo"
 The density of the storage liquid (ρ 15 ° C).
B.2.3.Determination of the composition of the separator liquid:
A PVT Sim program performs calculations. The parameters of this recombination are:
 GOR Lab.
 The density of the storage liquid at 15 ° C.
C. Recombination of raw gas:
The purpose of this recombination is to reconstitute the reservoir fluid (raw gas). The physical parameters provided
by the study of the gas and separator liquid would be used to:
 Correction of the GOR site
 Mathematical recombination of bottom effluents
 Physical Recombination
Process of physical recombination: Table 6.
1. Correction of gas volume under standard conditions.
2. Calculation of the volume of liquid.
 H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 5
H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669 659

Flash gas

First recombination Separator liquid

Flash liquid

Separator gas

Second recombination Raw gas

Separator liquid

Fig 1: The steps of recombination.

1.4. PVT study procedure of raw gas:

a) Constant-composition expansion of the raw gas (CCE):
Having introduced a volume of 26.73 cm3 to 7000 Psig in the "visual" PVT cell, raised to the reservoir temperature
(Tg = 133 ° C) in an air bath, regulated at +/- 0.2 ° C, and after stabilization temperature and pressure by magnetic
stirring propeller; there is a decline in pressure. Table 7.
b) Constant-volume depletion of raw gas (CVD).
We have introduced in the study cell a volume of 29.18 cm3 of the raw gas at 6000 psig and the temperature of the
field. The study of constant-volume depletion consisted of six (06) release pressure levels. During the gas release, a
sample is taken at each level in a pycnometer for gas chromatographic analysis.

2. The empirical correlations of the factor Z

Several empirical correlations for the Z-factor calculation have been developed in previous years; intended to
accurately reproduce the Z-factor Standing-Katz graph. The most commonly used correlations are Hall-Yarborough
(1973), Dranchuk-Abou-Kassem (1975), Papay (1985), S. Robertson and Beggs and Brill (1986).
All correlations studied (Z-Natural Gas Factors) are calculated as a function of pseudo-reduced pressure (P pr) and
pseudo-reduced temperature (T pr).
In the case where the composition of the natural gas is not available, the pseudo-critical properties, Ppc and Tpc,
can be predicted from the only specific gravity of the gas (γ g). Brown and all. (1948) presented a graphical method
for convenient approximation of the pseudo-critical pressure and the pseudo-critical gas temperature only when the
specific gravity of the gas is available. Later standing (1977) expressed this graphical correlation in the following
form:

T pc  168  325 g  12.5 g2 (1)

Ppc  677  15.0 g  37.5 g2 (2)

660 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669
6 H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

3. Numerical modeling of correlations of factor (Z)

3.1. data acquisition
The data used in this study were obtained from the analysis of 42 samples from different types of gas and wells
of the five fields of Algeria.
The data used in this study are a range of separation pressures, separation temperature, pseudo-reduced pressure,
pseudo-reduced temperature, specific gravity, and molar composition. Table 2.

Table 2: Data Description (All Fields)

FIELDS T averages (K) T Pr (averages) (K) P averages (Pas) P Pr (averages) (Pas) Z averages
Hassi R’mel 327.42 1.68 6.85E+06 1.50 0.905
Ouad Noumer 325.15 1.61 2.50E+06 0.55 0.963
Ohant 312.32 1.65 5.36E+06 1.18 0.895
Brkin 342.15 1.59 7.31E+06 1.43 0.851
Stah 406.15 1.64 2.52E+07 5.56 1.045

3.2. work organization chart

First step

Application of correlations for each chosen field

Oued Noumer Stah Hassi R'mel

Statistical analysis for each field

Correlation selection unless error for each field

Edit the selected correlation

Apply the modified correlation

 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669 661
H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 7

Second step

Statistical analysis of group fields

Select correlation unless error for grouped fields

Edit the selected correlation

Apply modified correlation for grouped fields for each field

Oued Noumer Stah Hassi R’mel

3.3. Results of experimental study:

Table 3: Results of the thermodynamic study of the separator gas.

Constituents Composition YI Yi/100 Mi Yi*Mi
N2 0.348 0.003 28.01 0.09
CO2 5.022 0.050 44.01 2.21
C1 82.191 0.821 16.04 13.18
C2 7.683 0.076 30.07 2.31
C3 2.608 0.026 44.09 1.15
iC4 0.454 0.004 58.12 0.26
nC4 0.743 0.007 58.12 0.43
iC5 0.279 0.002 72.15 0.20
nC5 0.205 0.002 72.15 0.14
C6 0.237 0.002 86.17 0.20
C7 0.129 0.001 96 0.12
C8 0.066 0.0006 107 0.07
C9 0.020 0.0002 121 0.02
C10 0.007 0.00007 134 0.009
C11 0.004 0.00004 147 0.005
C12 0.004 0.00004 161 0.006
MW 20.4434579
Density 0.70577428
Z (305psi) ; T (61c°) 0.9630
662 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669
8 H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

Table 4: Result of calculates the density of the separating liquid.

PYCNO N° m pv m pr m pr – m pv(g) V lt (cm3) Density (g/cm3) ρ average (g/cm3)
I 837,7 845,586 7,886 10,44 0,755
0,756
II 835,822 842,104 6,282 8,31 0,756

Table 5: Results of the thermodynamic study of the separator liquid.

Pressure (psi) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 800 500 350 240 180 130
compound volume (cc) 32,31 32,44 32,59 32,75 32,93 33,01 33,14 33,22 35,53 40,82 52,26
Density (g/cc) 0,75 0,57 0,75 0,74 0,74 0,74 0,73 0,73

Table 6: Separation test results.

Fc GOR Bo d15°C
0,97 13,22 0,0103 0,7748

Table 7: Results of Recombination of Raw Gas.

GOR recombination ρ bp V0 (gas) at (14,7psi and 15°C) V liquid V L (5000 psig)
13537,49 cm / cm
3 3
0,735 g/cm 3
18089,27 cm3 1,3362 cm3 1,2774 cm3

Table 8: Factor (Z) Results for Constant-composition expansion of Raw Gas at T = 133 ° C.
Pressure (psi) V compound (cc) mass volume (cm2/g) Z
7000 26.73 3.922 1.206
6500 27.85 4.086 1.167
6000 29.18 4.281 1.128
5500 30.84 4.525 1.093
5000 32.94 4.833 1.061
4500 35.56 5.217 1.031
4000 39.06 5.731 1.007
(Pr) 3550 43.15 6.331 0.987
3000 49.8 7.306 0.963
2500 59.35 8.707 0.956
2000 75.05 11.011 0.967
1700 89.96 13.198 0.985
1500 103.83 15.233 1.004
1100 148.5 21.786 1.053
1000 166.02 24.357 1.07
 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669 663
H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 9

Table 9: Factor (Z) Results for Constant-composition expansion of Raw Gas at T = 133 ° C.
Pressure (psig) Vg(cell) Vg ( 150C) Vg product Z
3550 0.00 - 43.15 0.987
3000 7.20 1106.35 50.35 0.962
2000 21.01 2259.83 64.16 0.918

1200 16.87 1117.93 60.02 0.898

1000 20.46 1129.55 63.61 0.901
800 8.05 354.76 51.2 0.906
500 19.39 529.06 62.54 0.924

3.4. Results and discussions of statistical study of factor (Z) correlations.

Table 10: Factor (Z) statistical study by standard correlations.

Hassi R’mel Oued Noumer
Stah field Grouped Fields
field field

Correlations Ea S Ea S Ea S Ea S

Hall - Yarborough (1973) 1.42 0.65 5.63 2.36 1.75 2.91 2.88 3.64

Dranchuk and Abu-Kassem (1975) 17.32 2.68 63.0 71.23 5.97 0.97 32.90 47.57

Papay (1985) 1.19 0.69 5.03 6.42 1.73 3.03 2.63 4.03

beggs - brill (1986) 0.98 1.59 11.61 4.92 0.90 1.31 4.98 6.87

S.ROBERTSONl 2.53 2.09 13.98 7.68 0.88 1.44 6.38 7.75

Table 11: Z-factor statistical study by modified correlations.

Hassi R’mel Stah Oued Noumer Grouped
field field field Fields

Correlations Ea Ea Ea Ea

Papay (1985) 5.03 2.63

Papay (1985) modified correlation 5.03 2.54

beggs - brill (1986) 0.98

beggs - brill (1986) modified correlation 0.95

S.ROBERTSONl 0.88

S.Robertsonl modified correlation 0.86

664 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669
10 H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

According to results:
The statistical analysis of the errors shows in Table 9 that the correlation between beggs and brill (1986) surpasses
the rest of the correlations studied with an average absolute error of 0.98% for the Hassi R’mel field, and the Papay
correlation (1985). With an average absolute error of 5.03% for the Stah field and the S. ROBERTSONl correlation
with an average absolute error of 0.88% for the Oued Noumer field.
The statistical analysis of the errors shows in Table 10 that the Papay correlation (1986) surpasses the rest of the
studied correlations with an average absolute error of 2.63% for the grouped fields.
After selecting the correlation that gives less error for each field, this correlation was modified by new coefficients
adapted to the data of each region and the statistical errors were recalculated.
The statistical analysis shows a significant improvement in the overall mean absolute error with modified
coefficients shown in Table 11:

- The correlation beggs and brill (1986) with an average absolute error of 0.95% after modification for the Hassi
R'mel field.

- The Papay correlation (1985) with an average absolute error of 5.03% after modification for the Stah field.

- The correlation of S. ROBERTSONl with an average absolute error of 0.86% after modification for the Oued
Noumer field.
The statistical analysis shows a significant improvement in overall mean absolute error with modified coefficients
shown in Table 11, the Papay correlation (1985) with an average absolute error of 2.54% after modification for
clustered fields.
Fig 2 (a) shows the graphical comparison between experimental Z and Z estimated by correlation modification for
the Stah field; R2 = 0.979; Fig 2 (b); field of Oued Noumer; R2 = 0.809; Fig 3; Hassi R'mel field; R2 = 0.997.
In order to confirm the results obtained from the study of the correlations we will examine these results with results
of experimental study.
The results of the error between the compressibility factor values obtained by the experimental study (CCE) and
the values obtained by the correlation that gives an overall error before the modified and after the modified are
presented in Table 12.

Table 12: Results of the Mean Absolute Factor (Z) Error between Experimental Values (CCE) and Value of Correlations.
Pressure Z
Z Estimated by Papay Z Estimated by modified Papay
(psi) experimental

7000 1.206 1.3451 1.3436

6500 1.167 1.266 1.2653

6000 1.128 1.1953 1.1952

5500 1.093 1.133 1.1334

5000 1.061 1.0791 1.0799

4500 1.031 1.0335 1.0347

4000 1.007 0.9963 0.9977

3550 0.987 0.97 0.9715

3000 0.963 0.947 0.9486

2500 0.956 0.9349 0.9365

 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669 665
H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 11

2000 0.967 0.9312 0.9326

1700 0.985 0.933 0.9343

1500 1.004 0.9358 0.9371

1100 1.053 0.9456 0.9466

1000 1.07 0.9489 0.9498

Ea % 5.03 4.95

From Table 12 we find that the percentage of average absolute errors of the compressibility factor (Z) decreased in
the case of the modified correlations (4.95) compared to the error before the modification of the coefficients of this
correlation (5.03) (Papay 1986).
The results of the error between the compressibility factor values obtained by the experimental study (separator
gas) and the values obtained by the correlation that gives a global error before the modified and after the modified are
presented in Table 13.

Table 13: Results of the Mean Absolute Factor (Z) Error between the Experimental Values (Sep Gas) and Value of Correlations.
Pressure Z
Z Estimated by Papay Z Estimated by modified Papay
(psi) experimental

200 0.9749 0.9724 0.9747

210 0.9737 0.9711 0.9735

220 0.9726 0.9698 0.9723

230 0.9715 0.9685 0.9710

240 0.9703 0.9672 0.9698

250 0.9692 0.9659 0.9686

260 0.9681 0.9646 0.9674

270 0.9669 0.9634 0.9662

280 0.9658 0.9621 0.9650

290 0.9647 0.9608 0.9638

300 0.9636 0.9596 0.9626

305 0.9630 0.9589 0.9620

310 0.9624 0.9583 0.9614

320 0.9613 0.9571 0.9602

330 0.9602 0.9558 0.9590

Ea % 0.363 0.073
666 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669
12 H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

From Table 13 we find that the percentage of average absolute errors of the compressibility factor (Z) decreased
for the modified correlations (0.073), compared to the error before the modification of the coefficients of this
correlation (0.363) (Papay 1986).

Préd(Z) / Z Préd(Z) / Z
R²=0,979 R²=0,809
1.4 1.4
1.3 1.3
1.2 1.2
1.1 1.1
Z

Z
1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Préd(Z) Préd(Z)
(a) (b)

Fig 2: the graphical comparison between experimental Z and Z estimated by correlation modification.
(a) Stah field; (b) Oued Noumer field.

0.98 R²=0,997
0.96
Z (expérimental

0.94
0.92
0.9
0.88
0.86
0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96
Z (calculer)

Fig 3: the graphical comparison between experimental Z and Z estimated by correlation modification. (Hassi R'mel field)

(a) (b)

1.40 Z Expériemental Estimé comme expérience

Z estimé par corrélation papay standared 0.976 Estimé par correlation papay
1.35
z estimé Par corrélation Papay modifié Estimé par correlation papay modifié
0.974
1.30
0.972
1.25
0.970
1.20
0.968
Facteur Z
facteur Z

1.15 0.966

1.10 0.964

1.05 0.962

1.00 0.960

0.958
0.95
0.956
0.90
0.954
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
pression (psig) pression (psig)

Fig 4: Graphical comparison between (Z) experimental, (Z) estimated before and after correlation modification.
(a) (CCE); (b) (Gas sep).

2. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study is based on the calculation of the compressibility factor of natural gas by means of an experimental
study and the use of various correlations in the calculation of this factor as well as the updating of the coefficients of
these correlations with what corresponds to the best to Algerian natural gas and it is for this reason that the study was
divided as follows:
The study of this factor was calculated by means of an experimental study conducted on an Algerian natural gas
(condensate gas) in a PVT laboratory at the Division of Technologies and Development (DTD).
 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669 667
H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 13

The calculation of this factor using the different correlations and the updating of their coefficients using
experimental data for the different types of Algerian natural gas and statistical tools. This part of the study also
compared the results of the calculation of this factor from the results obtained by experimentation and those obtained
by using the correlations before and after their updating.
As a result, the results of the study were as follows:
1- In the laboratory, the PVT study focuses on condensate gas and sometimes on wet gas to determine this factor.
Dry gas requires a simple study to determine this factor.
2- The use of these empirical correlations for the calculation of this factor is more economical compared to the
experimental study.
3- It is possible to develop these empirical correlations in accordance with the natural gas for each geographical
area as the case of Algeria for example by using the statistical tools.
According to these results, it is timely to recommend for future work:
- The study should be undertaken on other PVT properties such as viscosity and formation volume factor.
- The database needs to be broader and more accurate.
- Extend this study to other regions and make a classification according to the type of reservoir.
- Uses state equations to determine the factor and compare the results.

References

[1] A. rojey. "Natural gas, production, treatment and transport." technip editions, Paris, France (1994).
[2] J.F. gravier. "Properties of reservoir fluids." edition technip, Paris, France (1986).
[3] S.P. Karen and L.C. Peter. "Phase behavior of petroleum reservoir fluids." Taylor & Francis group, USA, (2007).
[4] Danesh Ali. "PVT and phase behavior of petroleum reservoir fluids". (1998) elsevier Science .b.v.
[5] IFP. "PVT fluid studies″. (2006).enspm. Industrial training.
[6] Tarek Ahmed. "Hydrocarbon phase behavior". vol.7. (1989) by Gulf publishing company, Houston, Texas.
[7] Tarek Ahmed. "Reservoir engineering handbook". Second edition. ©2000 by Gulf publishing company, Houston, Texas.
[8] Tarek Ahmed. "Advanced reservoir engineering″. ©2005, Elsevier Inc.
[9] Tarek Ahmed. "Equations of state and PVT analysis: applications for improved reservoir modeling". ©2007 by Gulf publishing company,
Houston, Texas.
[10] Perrin Denis, "oil and gas field; development techniques". ©1995 édition technip.
[11] Samer Said, "Measurement and prediction of gas hydrate condensate formation conditions." memory magister 'option Refining. BOUMERDES
2012.

Appendix A.

A.1. Correlation of PAPAY (1985);

For the Stah field the graphical comparison is obtained by nonlinear regression without data validation and the new
coefficients for the Papay (1985) correlation for the Z:

 Ppr   Ppr2 

Z  1   A. B.Tpr    C. D.Tpr   (3)
 
 10   10 
668 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669
14 H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

Table 14
Parameters Original Modified Modified
Stah field grouped fields
A 3,35 0,0698 2,042
B 0,9813 0,1157 0,8620
C 0,274 2,9035E-08 4,7820 * 10 -3

D 0,8157 -2,78 -9,0910 * 10 - 2

A.2. Correlation BEGGS AND BRILL (1986) :

For the Hassi R'mel field the graphical comparison is obtained by the nonlinear regression without validation of
the data and the new coefficients have been obtained for the correlation beggs and brill (1986) for the Z:
Z  A  1  A.e  B  C. Pr D (4)
Such as:
A  A1.Tpr  A2  A4.Tpr   A5
A3

 A8   A12  6 2
B  A6  A7.Tpr .Ppr    A10 .Ppr2   .P .10
 T  A9   T  1  pr
 pr   pr 
C  A13  A14. logTpr 
A15 A16.T 
A1.Tpr  A2  A4.Tpr   A5
2
pr  A16.Tpr A3
D  10

Table 15
Parameters Original Modified

A1 1.39 -0.101

A2 -0.92 -9.626

A3 0.36 -0.607

A4 -0.101 0.691
A5 0.62 0.020
A6 -0.23 -0.027
A7 0.066 0.080
A8 -0.86 -4.020
A9 -0.037 0.006
A10 0.32 0.320
A11 0.132 -0.054
A12 -0.32 -0.281
A13 0.3016 0.754
A14 -0.49 0.835
A15 0.1824 0.336
 
 H.M. Sidrouhou et al. / Energy Procedia 157 (2019) 655–669 669
H.M.SIDROUHOU/ Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 15

A.3. Correlation of S.ROBERTSON:

For the Oued Noumer field the graphical comparison is obtained by the non linear regression without validation
of the data and one obtained the new coefficients for the correlation for the Z:

   
2
P D p P  
Z  1  A.T . pr2  Tpr  C 
B . 1  Exp  E. pr  F . pr  (5)
T
pr
Tpr    Tpr T   
 pr    pr  

Table 16
Parameters Original Modified
A 0.127 -0,0000183
B 0.638 9,444
C 7.76 -972,417

D 14.75 1391,691
E 0.3 0,0074
F 0.44 0,0021