• personal computers in 1981.

This innovation
International Business Machines (IBM) introduced ___________
increase
led to an ___________ offices
in the use of computers in __________ and homes.

The Effects of Technology on Knowledge

In his 1982 book, critical path
___________________, American architect and inventor Buckminster Fuller
knowledge doubling curve
introduced the concept of the “______________________”. human
Fuller revealed that _________
doubled every century until around _____.
knowledge had _________ world war II in 1945, the
1900 By the end of _____________
faster
knowledge level began doubling at an even ___________________. The time had reduced drastically to
25
_______ years.

However, not all knowledge levels have been advancing at an even pace. For example, the knowledge to
nanotechnology knowledge is doubling
18 months. _______________
produce new medical technology is doubling every ____
every two
______ years.

Space Exploration
• age of exploration
The period between the 15th and the 16th centuries is known as the ___________________________.
• gather
One of the goals of exploration was to ______________ information about places people
________ and _________
beyond Europe. For several more centuries, there continued to be unexplored
__________ territories that lay
beyond human
_________ settlements, called frontiers.
• the ______
Without an unexplored frontier on Earth, people started thinking of outer space as “_____ last
_________”. space
frontier ___________ exploration is an example of a rapidly changing field of science.
• rocket
During the early twentieth century, three scientists began to work separately on __________ engines
space exploration
for the purpose of _____________________. robert gaddard
These scientists were _____________________ from the
konstantin tsiolkovsy
United States, ______________________ hermann oberth from Germany.
from Russia, and ________________
o Robert Goddard wanted to make rockets for peaceful purposes and built the world’s first
liquid
_________ fueled
- _________ rocket.
o The liquid-fueled rockets that were invented in the early twentieth century were used to launch
artificial
________________ satellites
_______________. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the
first
_______ Sputnik 1
artificial satellite into space, called ______________.
Explorer 1
o The United States followed with the launch of its first artificial satellite, ______________, on
January 31, 1958.

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Fill in the boxes with information provided in the tutorial.

used to study and forecast weather conditions

observation satellites

send television and telephone signals

communication and data transmission back to Earth
satellites

designed to enable aircrafts, vehicle, and

navigation satellites ships to locate their exact geographical
positioning

After launching
artificial satellites, the
next step was to send
humans
____________ to
space
__________.
On April 12, 1961, a On May 5, 1961, On July 20, 1969,
yuri
Soviet named ______ alan
astronaut _________ neil armstrong
__________________
gagarin
__________became shepard became
__________ became the first
the first human to the first American to human to step foot on
orbit
_________ Earth. fly into space, though moon
the ___________.
orbit
he did not ________
Earth.

Year(s)
Invention Invented Inventor Description of Invention
Patients could become immune to diseases if their bodies are
vaccinations 1798 edward jenner exposed to a small dose of a less serious disease.
antiseptics 1860's Joseph Lister a substance that kills bacteria and therefore prevents infection.
Experimental methods were developed to identify which
bacteriology 1870s Robert Koch
bacteria caused a particular disease.
pasteurization 1880s Louis Pasteur This process helps kill bacteria in liquid food, such as milk
X-rays were used to detect various injuries and abnormalities
X-rays 1895 wilhelm roentgen
inside a patient’s body.
penicillin 1928 alexander fleming first chemical compound with antibiotic properties. Antibiotics help treat infections caused by bacteria.

Medicine Since World War II

Key Term biotechnology
One important field of medical technology is _____________.

• Biotechnology relies on recent advances in __________ technology

science and ______________.
vaccinations
• Biotechnology is used across industries to make products such as _________, medicines, and
industrial bacteria
__________________________.

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• crop yields
Biotechnology also includes research on how to increase _______________ DNA of
by manipulating _______
food crops.
• genetics
Biotechnology is also related to ________________ and genetic engineering.
• heredity
Genetics is the study of _____________ inherited
and the different variations in the ______________ traits of
cloning
organisms. An important aspect of genetics is ____________, which is helping scientist grow plants that
are genetically identical
___________ and possess certain desired characteristics.

Biotechnology Use Description

genetic testing allows for the diagnosis of genetic or inherited diseases

creation of medicines create medicines related to specific genes and diseases

uses genes as medicine to treat a person whose own genes
gene therapy have a flaw in them
stem cells uses stem cells to treat certian diseases, such as transplanting bone marrow

The Human Genome Project

decode and ________
discover _________,
The goal of this project was to _________, genes that make up human
analyze all the _______
DNA Genome research is currently being conducted on one of the deadliest modern diseases: _______.
_____. cancer

Summary
What are some of the ways science has used technology to improve society?

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