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    9 views16 pages

    Note 2

    Uploaded by

    David Humphrey

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 16
    12 Water Power Ina scheme which utilises water power, two characteristics of running water are utilised for conversion of water power into electrical energy. Que is the Quantity of water and the other drop or fall which is utilised Thus @ hydro electric Power station can be compared with any industry which Produces electricity and the two raw materials required for producing electricity are the Quantity of water and the head of water through which the water fails, Considering the case in FPS units, if a discharge q cusecs is running then it means that a mass of water equivalent to 462.4 pounds is Moving every second, If the drop of water is equivalent toh ft, then the work done by this water would beq x h x 624 fi Pounds, which is utilised in running the turbine. However, the water turbine will not be able to total transformation of Water energy in ft pounds to horse Power would be equivalent to LM 624 x 7p where yy is the efficiency of the turbine, Eanation 11 202° . (LB) ores va Lue WUrpmne, Equation 1.1 indicates the Power that is transmitted to the Senerator which ig coupled to the turbine, It is clear that the total input of horse Power in the generator will not come Out as output in kilowatts and if the efficiency of Generator is denoted by vg then the killowatt produced would be eX i KX 1 X 746 Watts xh i xykW (1.2) 11 Tepresents the overall efficiency of turbine and the generator, 4 In short the expression (1.2) can be denoted as (qhjz) kW where 2 is constant depending on-the Overall efficiency of the Senerating equipment and the value of varies from 11,8 for an ideal case to 14-15 for the Practical cases usually met with, cree, 7 vi we curpine, Equation 1.1 indicates the power that is transmitted to the generator which ig coupled to the turbine, Tt is clear that the ‘total input of horse Power in the generator will not come Out as output in kilowatts and if the efficiency of Benerator is denoted by yy then the kilowatt produced would be xh x 624 4 35 X% X 1, X 746 Watts qxh = 1X) - 1 Tre Xo kW (1.2) 7 Tepresenis the overall efficiency of turbine and the generator, 4 In short the expression (1.2) can be denoted as (qh/z) kW where: is constant depending on-the overall efficiency of the enerating equipment and the value of z varies from 11.8 for an ideal case to 14. 15 for the practical cases usually met with, 3.1 Types of Hydropower Schemes The classification and types of development of hydropower schemes are so varied that a gencral classification would be difficult, Sometimes the classification of development and the power station are mixed and confused. The type of development would depend upon the general - layout arrangement of the whole scheme from the intake of water to its discharge outside power house while the classification of power house would be limited within the walls of the powerhouse itself. Sometimes it would be difficult to make a clear distinction between the two. However, the broad classification of the two cases can be made. as given in para 3.2. It will not be out of place to mention that there are no hard and fast rules about typifying various schemes. Here the types are given in order to specify the various functional influences properly. The same scheme can be classified in a different way under separate characteristics. 3.2 Types of Development ‘These can be classified on various characteristics as below : Based on Hydraulic characteristics (i) Run-oftthe river scheme (ii) Pondage scheme (iti) Storage scheme (iv) Tidal plants (v) Depression plants (vi) Pumped storage plants. Based on head (i) Low head plant upto 30m (ii) Medium head plant— 50-300 m (iii) High head plani-greater than 300 a Based on location (4) Concentrated fall type. (ii) Divided fall type Based on capacity @) Midget or Micro plants upto 99 kW (ii) Low capacity Plants 100 to 999 kW (iii), Medium capacity plants 1000 to 9999 kW. (iv) High capacity plants from 10,000 kW and above, Based on interconnection and load characteristics (D {solated plant or interconnected type (ii): «

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