MECHANICS OF FLUID

(UCE03B03)

Total Credit: 03 Contact Periods: 03 (2L+1T+0P)

Courses objective:
1. To know about the properties of fluids and the applications of fluid mechanics.
2. To formulate and analyze problems related to calculation of forces in fluid structure
interaction.
3. To know about applications of momentum and energy equations, determination of laminar
and turbulent flows.
4. To know the concept of pipe flow measurements, types of flow measurements and
dimensional analysis.
5. To understand the application of boundary layer over rough surfaces, drag and lift studies.
Course Contents

Module-1

Fluid properties: Scope of fluid mechanics, definition of fluid, fluid continuum concept, fluid
properties and classification of fluids.

Fluid statics: Fluid pressure at a point and its measurements, manometry, hydrostatic forces on plane
and curved surfaces, buoyancy and floatation, relative equilibrium under linear acceleration and
constant rotation.

Module-2

Fluid Kinematics: Velocity field, classification of fluid flows based on space and time, one-, two- and
three- dimensional flows. Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches, stream lines, path lines and streak
lines, stream tubes, continuity equation, translation, linear deformation, rotation and angular
deformation of fluid elements, vorticity, rotational and irrotational flows, circulation, velocity
potential and stream functions, flow net and its characteristics , local , convective and substantial
acceleration of fluid particles.

Module-3

Fluid Dynamics: Concept of control mass and control volume, Reynolds transport theorem,
conservation of mass, momentum equation, Euler’s equation, Navier-Stokes equations. Derivation of
Bernoulli’s equations from Euler’s equation and applications of momentum and energy equations
(pitot tube, weirs and sudden head loss due to expansion), energy and momentum correction factors.
 Fundamentals of Laminar and Turbulent flows: Reynolds experiment, critical Reynolds number and
its determination, laminar flow through pipes and Hagen-Poiseuille equation, laminar flow through
porous media, quoettes flow, measurement of viscosity, causes, characteristics and factors affecting
turbulence, types of turbulence, shear and pressure relationships, Darcy-Weisbach equation for
turbulent flow through pipe, shear stress velocity distribution in pipes.

Module-4

Pipe flow problems: Friction loss in pipes, minor losses in pipes, concept of equivalent length and
diameter of pipes, siphons, parallel and compound pipe lines, branching of pipe lines, pipe networks
and methods of analysis, three reservoir problem, water hammer and methods of analysis.

Fluid flow measurement: Flow measuring devices: nozzle, Venturimeter and bend meters, notches,
weirs and Pitot tubes, orifices and mouthpieces.

Module-5

Dimensional analysis and modelling: Dimensions, different systems of units, dimensional

homogeneity, Buckingham’s pi-theorem, non-dimensional numbers and their physical significance.
Geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarities, model laws, model testing and its analysis, scale
effects, undistorted and distorted models.

Boundary layer: Boundary layer concept, applications of boundary layer in various fields, thicknesses
of boundary layer, laminar and turbulent boundary layers, laminar sub layer, application of
Momentum equation, stream lined and bluff bodies, integral momentum equation, Prandtl’s boundary
layer equations. Boundary layer on rough surfaces, boundary layer separation and methods to avoid
separation, wake, concepts of drag and lift on submerged bodies, types of drags and its determination.

References:

Sl No. Name of Book Author Publisher

1 Engineering Fluid Mechanics Garde R. J. and Mirajgaoker A. ScitechPublications(India)Pvt.

G Ltd., Chennai, 2003.
Introduction to Fluid Wiley andSons Inc., New York,
2 Fox W.R. and McDonald, A.T.
Mechanics 1998.

Fluid Flow in Pipes and Asawa G L CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2008
3
Channels

4 Fluid Mechanics including Khanna Publishers, New Delhi,

Jain A K
Hydraulic Machines 2000.
 Streeter V.L., Bedford K. and McGraw Hill Book Company Ltd.,
5 Fluid Mechanics
Wylie E. B. New York, 1998.

Tata McGraw Hill Publication

6 Fluid Mechanics F M White
2011.

McGraw Hill Book Co., New

7 Mechanics of Fluids Shames
Delhi, 1988.

McGraw Hill Book Co., New

8 Fluid Mechanics Streeter V.L., Benjamin Wylie
Delhi, 1999.

Course Outcomes Students who successfully complete this course will have demonstrated an ability
to:
1. Know the fundamental concepts of fluid properties like continuum, velocity field, viscosity,
pressure, etc. Will be able to understand flow pathlines, streamlines; laminar and turbulent
flows.
2. Have understanding to apply basic equation of fluid statics to determine forces acting on
submerged planar and curved surfaces, manometers, buoyancy and stability.
3. Use of conservation laws in differential forms and apply them to determine velocities,
pressures and acceleration, etc. and understand the kinematics and dynamics of fluid.
4. Apply principles of dimensional analysis and similitude to carry out model studies for fluid
flow problems.
5. Analyse pipe flow problems and measurement of flow through various flow measuring
devices.
6. Applications of boundary layer equations in laminar and turbulent flows, understand the
concepts of viscous boundary layers, mechanics of viscous flow about immersed boundaries
relating to flow separation, wakes, drag coefficients, determination of drag forces, etc.

To establish the correlation between Cos & POs

Table 1

No of course outcome Course Outcome

(CO)

UCE03B03.1 Know the fundamental concepts of fluid properties like continuum, velocity
field, viscosity, pressure, etc. Will be able to understand flow pathlines,
streamlines; laminar and turbulent flows.

UCE03B03.2 Have understanding to apply basic equation of fluid statics to determine

forces acting on submerged planar and curved surfaces, manometers,
buoyancy and stability.
UCE03B03.3 Use of conservation laws in differential forms and apply them to determine
velocities, pressures and acceleration, etc. and understand the kinematics and
dynamics of fluid.
UCE03B03.4 Apply principles of dimensional analysis and similitude to carry out model
studies for fluid flow problems.
 UCE03B03.5 Analyse pipe flow problems and measurement of flow through various flow
measuring devices.
UCE03B03.6 Applications of boundary layer equations in laminar and turbulent flows,
understand the concepts of viscous boundary layers, mechanics of viscous
flow about immersed boundaries relating to flow separation, wakes, drag
coefficients, determination of drag forces, etc.

Table 2

Slight (Low): 1 Moderate: 2 Substantial (High): 3 No Correlation: -

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12

UCE03B03.1 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - - - 2

UCE03B03.2 3 3 2 1 1 - - - - - - 1

UCE03B03.3 3 3 3 1 1 - - - - - - 2

UCE03B03.4 2 3 3 2 1 - - - - - - 1

UCE03B03.5 2 2 2 1 2 - - - - - - 1

UCE03B03.6 3 3 2 2 1 1 - - - - - 2

Total 16 17 13 8 7 1 - - - - - 9

Average 2.67 2.83 2.17 1.33 1.17 1.00 - - - - - 1.50

Equivalent
Avg. 3 3 2 1 1 1 - - - - - 2
Attainment

To establish the correlation between Cos & PSOs

Table 3

CO PSO1 PSO2
UCE03B03.1 3 2
UCE03B03.2 3 3
UCE03B03.3 2 2
UCE03B03.4 2 1
UCE03B03.5 2 2
UCE03B03.6 3 2
Total 15 12
Average 2.5 2
Equivalent
Avg. 3 2
Attainment