Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (ISSN 1078-7275) is EDITORIAL BOARD

published quarterly by the Association of Environmental & Engi- Watts, Chester “Skip” F. Sasowsky, Ira D.

Environmental &
neering Geologists (AEG) and the Geological Society of America Radford University, Chair University of Akron
(GSA). Periodicals postage paid at AEG, 201 East Main St., Suite Hasan, Syed Katz, Brian G.

ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE

1405, Lexington, KY 40507 and additional mailing offices. University of Missouri,
Kansas City
EDITORIAL OFFICE: Environmental & Engineering Nandi, Arpita
Geoscience journal, Department of Geology, Kent State East Tennessee State University
Oommen, Thomas
Florida Department of
Environmental Protection
Shakoor, Abdul
Kent State University

Engineering Geoscience
University, Kent, OH 44242, U.S.A. phone: 330-672-2968, fax:
Michigan Technological
330-672-7949, ashakoor@kent.edu.
University
CLAIMS: Claims for damaged or not received issues will be ASSOCIATE EDITORS
honored for 6 months from date of publication. AEG members
should contact AEG, 201 East Main St., Suite 1405, Lexington, Brankman, Charles, Consultant McBride, John
Boston MA Brigham Young University
KY 40507. Phone: 844-331-7867. GSA members who are not Bruckno, Brian Mwakanyamale, Kisa
members of AEG should contact the GSA Member Service Virginia Department of Illinois State Geological Survey
center. All claims must be submitted in writing. Transportation Santi, Paul February 2020 VOLUME XXVI, NUMBER 1
Clague, John J. Colorado School of Mines
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to AEG, 201 East Main Simon Fraser University, Canada Dee, Seth
St., Suite 1405, Lexington, KY 40507. Phone: 844-331-7867. In- De Graff, Jerome V. University of Nevada, Reno SPECIAL ISSUE ON NATURALLY OCCURRING ASBESTOS (NOA)
clude both old and new addresses, with ZIP code. Canada agree- California State University, Shlemon, Roy
ment number PM40063731. Return undeliverable Canadian ad- Fresno R.J. Shlemon & Associates, Inc. GUEST EDITORS: R. MARK BAILEY AND SARAH KALIKA
dresses to Station A P.O. Box 54, Windsor, ON N9A 6J5 Email: Fryar, Alan Stephenson, William
returnsil@imexpb.com. University of Kentucky U.S. Geological Survey
Hauser, Ernest Stock, Greg
DISCLAIMER NOTICE: Authors alone are responsible for Wright State University National Park Service
views expressed in­­articles. Advertisers and their agencies are Hutchinson, Jean Sukop, Michael
solely responsible for the content of all advertisements printed Queens University, Canada Florida International University
Keaton, Jeff Ulusay, Resat
and also assume responsibility for any claims arising therefrom
AMEC Americas Hacettepe University, Turkey
against the publisher. AEG and Environmental & Engineering Marinos, Vassillis Watts, Chester F. “Skip,”
Geoscience reserve the right to reject any advertising copy. Aristotle University of Radford University
Thessaloniki, Greece West, Terry
SUBSCRIPTIONS: Purdue University
Member subscriptions: AEG members automatically receive
digital access to the journal as part of their AEG membership SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS
dues. Members may order print subscriptions for $75 per year.
GSA members who are not members of AEG may order for $60 Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (E&EG), is a quarterly jour-
nal devoted to the publication of original papers that are of potential in-
per year on their annual GSA dues statement or by contacting
terest to hydrogeologists, environmental and engineering geologists, and
GSA. geological engineers working in site selection, feasibility studies, inves-
Nonmember subscriptions are $310 and may be ordered from tigations, design or construction of civil engineering projects or in waste
management, groundwater, and related environmental fields. All papers
the subscription department of either organization. A postage are peer reviewed.
differential of $10 may apply to nonmember subscribers outside
the United States, Canada, and Pan America. Contact AEG at The editors invite contributions concerning all aspects of environmental
844-331-7867; contact GSA Subscription Services, Geological and engineering geology and related disciplines. Recent abstracts can be
viewed under “Archive” at the web site, “http://eeg.geoscienceworld.org”.
Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301.
Articles that report on research, case histories and new methods, and book
Single copies are $75.00 each. Requests for single copies should reviews are welcome. Discussion papers, which are critiques of printed
be sent to AEG, 201 East Main St., Suite 1405, Lexington, KY articles and are technical in nature, may be published with replies from the
original author(s). Discussion papers and replies should be concise.
40507.
To submit a manuscript go to http://eeg.allentrack.net. If you have not
used the system before, follow the link at the bottom of the page that
© 2020 by the Association of Environmental and Engineering says New users should register for an account. Choose your own login
Geologists and password. Further instructions will be available upon logging into
the system. Please carefully read the “Instructions for Authors”.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

Volume XXVI, Number 1, February 2020

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, Authors do not pay any charge for color figures that are essential to the
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, manuscript. Manuscripts of fewer than 10 pages may be published as
or by any information storage and retrieval system, without Technical Notes.
permission in writing from AEG. For further information, you may contact Dr. Abdul Shakoor at the ed-
itorial office.
THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER
Cover photo
EDITORS THE JOINT PUBLICATION OF THE
Fibrous tremolite/actinolite in talc tremolite schist, Franciscan Complex,
Abdul Shakoor Brian G. Katz ASSOCIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS
Richmond, CA, USA imaged using field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Department of Geology Florida Department of
Photo courtesy of Bradley Erskine, Ph.D., PG of Erskine Environmental AND THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Kent State University Environmental Protection
Consulting.
Kent, OH 44242 2600 Blair Stone Rd.
330-672-2968 Tallahassee, FL 32399
ashakoor@kent.edu 850-245-8233 SERVING PROFESSIONALS IN
eegeditorbkatz@gmail.com ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY, AND HYDROGEOLOGY
Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (ISSN 1078-7275) is EDITORIAL BOARD
published quarterly by the Association of Environmental & Engi- Watts, Chester “Skip” F. Oommen, Thomas

Environmental &
neering Geologists (AEG) and the Geological Society of America Radford University, Chair Michigan Technological
(GSA). Periodicals postage paid at AEG, 201 East Main St., Suite Hasan, Syed University

ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE

1405, Lexington, KY 40507 and additional mailing offices. University of Missouri, Sasowsky, Ira D.
Kansas City University of Akron
EDITORIAL OFFICE: Environmental & Engineering Nandi, Arpita
Geoscience journal, Department of Geology, Kent State East Tennessee State University

University, Kent, OH 44242, U.S.A. phone: 330-672-2968, fax: ASSOCIATE EDITORS
330-672-7949, ashakoor@kent.edu.
Brankman, Charles, Consultant
CLAIMS: Claims for damaged or not received issues will be Boston MA
honored for 6 months from date of publication. AEG members Bruckno, Brian
should contact AEG, 201 East Main St., Suite 1405, Lexington, Virginia Department of
Transportation
KY 40507. Phone: 844-331-7867. GSA members who are not Clague, John J.
members of AEG should contact the GSA Member Service Simon Fraser University, Canada
center. All claims must be submitted in writing. De Graff, Jerome V.
California State University,
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to AEG, 201 East Main Fresno
St., Suite 1405, Lexington, KY 40507. Phone: 844-331-7867. In- Fryar, Alan
clude both old and new addresses, with ZIP code. Canada agree- University of Kentucky
ment number PM40063731. Return undeliverable Canadian ad- Hauser, Ernest
dresses to Station A P.O. Box 54, Windsor, ON N9A 6J5 Email: Wright State University
returnsil@imexpb.com. Hutchinson, Jean
Queens University, Canada
DISCLAIMER NOTICE: Authors alone are responsible for Keaton, Jeff
views expressed in­­articles. Advertisers and their agencies are AMEC Americas
solely responsible for the content of all advertisements printed Marinos, Vassillis
Aristotle University of
and also assume responsibility for any claims arising therefrom
Thessaloniki, Greece
against the publisher. AEG and Environmental & Engineering
Geoscience reserve the right to reject any advertising copy.
Engineering Geoscience
McBride, John
Brigham Young University
Mwakanyamale, Kisa
Illinois State Geological Survey
Santi, Paul
Colorado School of Mines
Dee, Seth
University of Nevada, Reno February 2020 VOLUME XXVI, NUMBER 1
Shlemon, Roy
R.J. Shlemon & Associates, Inc.
Stephenson, William SPECIAL ISSUE ON NATURALLY OCCURRING ASBESTOS (NOA)
U.S. Geological Survey
Stock, Greg GUEST EDITORS: R. MARK BAILEY AND SARAH KALIKA
National Park Service
Sukop, Michael
Florida International University
Ulusay, Resat
Hacettepe University, Turkey
Watts, Chester F. “Skip,”
Radford University
West, Terry
Purdue University

SUBSCRIPTIONS: SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS

Member subscriptions: AEG members automatically receive
digital access to the journal as part of their AEG membership
dues. Members may order print subscriptions for $75 per year.
GSA members who are not members of AEG may order for $60
per year on their annual GSA dues statement or by contacting
GSA.
Nonmember subscriptions are $310 and may be ordered from
the subscription department of either organization. A postage
differential of $10 may apply to nonmember subscribers outside
the United States, Canada, and Pan America. Contact AEG at
844-331-7867; contact GSA Subscription Services, Geological
Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301.
Single copies are $75.00 each. Requests for single copies should
be sent to AEG, 201 East Main St., Suite 1405, Lexington, KY
40507.
© 2020 by the Association of Environmental and Engineering
Geologists
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (E&EG), is a quarterly jour-
nal devoted to the publication of original papers that are of potential in-
terest to hydrogeologists, environmental and engineering geologists, and
geological engineers working in site selection, feasibility studies, inves-
tigations, design or construction of civil engineering projects or in waste
management, groundwater, and related environmental fields. All papers
are peer reviewed.
The editors invite contributions concerning all aspects of environmental
and engineering geology and related disciplines. Recent abstracts can be
viewed under “Archive” at the web site, “http://eeg.geoscienceworld.org”.
Articles that report on research, case histories and new methods, and book
reviews are welcome. Discussion papers, which are critiques of printed
articles and are technical in nature, may be published with replies from the
original author(s). Discussion papers and replies should be concise.
To submit a manuscript go to https://www.editorialmanager.com/EEG/
default.aspx. If you have not used the system before, follow the link
at the bottom of the page that says New users should register for an
account. Choose your own login and password. Further instructions
will be available upon logging into the system. Please carefully read the
“Instructions for Authors”.
Authors do not pay any charge for color figures that are essential to the
manuscript. Manuscripts of fewer than 10 pages may be published as

Volume XXVI, Number 1, February 2020

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, Technical Notes.
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, For further information, you may contact Dr. Abdul Shakoor at the ed-
or by any information storage and retrieval system, without itorial office.
permission in writing from AEG.
Cover photo
THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER
Fibrous tremolite/actinolite in talc tremolite schist, Franciscan Complex,
Richmond, CA, USA imaged using field emission scanning electron microscopy. THE JOINT PUBLICATION OF THE
EDITORS Photo courtesy of Bradley Erskine. See article on page 99.
Abdul Shakoor Brian G. Katz ASSOCIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS
Department of Geology Environmental Consultant
Kent State University Tallahassee, FL 32309 AND THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Kent, OH 44242 eegeditorbkatz@gmail.com
330-672-2968
ashakoor@kent.edu SERVING PROFESSIONALS IN
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY, AND HYDROGEOLOGY
 Environmental &
Engineering Geoscience
Volume 26, Number 1, February 2020

Table of Contents

1 Foreword to the Environmental & Engineering Geoscience Special Edition on Naturally Occurring Asbestos
R. Mark Bailey and Sarah Kalika

3 Naturally Occurring Asbestos: A Global Health Concern? State of the Art and Open Issues
Alessandro F. Gualtieri

9 Overview of Naturally Occurring Asbestos in California and Southwestern Nevada

R. Mark Bailey

15 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks and Sedimentary Mélanges: Potential Naturally Occurring Asbestos Occurrences
(Amphibole and Serpentine)
John Wakabayashi

21 Asbestiform Minerals of the Franciscan Assemblage in California with a Focus on the Calaveras Dam
Replacement Project
R. Mark Bailey

29 Does Exposure to Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) During Dam Construction Increase Mesothelioma
Risk?
Daniel W. Hernandez

35 NOA Air-Quality Lessons Learned during Calaveras Dam Replacement Project

Bart Eklund, John Roadifer, Noel Wong, and Michael Forrest

39 Naturally Occurring Asbestiform Minerals in Italian Western Alps and in Other Italian Sites
Elena Belluso, Alain Baronnet, and Silvana Capella

47 Naturally Occurring Asbestos in Valmalenco (Central Alps, Northern Italy): From Quarries and Mines to
Stream Sediments
Alessandro Cavallo and Jasmine Rita Petriglieri

53 Naturally Occurring Asbestos in France: Geological Mapping, Mineral Characterization, and Technical
Developments
Florence Cagnard and Didier Lahondère

61 Naturally Occurring Asbestos in France: a Technical and Regulatory Review

Erell Léocat

67 Regulations Concerning Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) in Germany—Testing Procedures for Asbestos
Stefan Pierdzig
73 Fibrous Tremolite in Central New South Wales, Australia
Marc Hendrickx

79 Management of Naturally Occurring Asbestos Area in Republic of Korea

Sungjun Yoon, Kyubong Yeom, Yongun Kim, Byungno Park, Jaebong Park, Hyesu Kim, Hyeonyi Jeong, and
Yul Roh

89 Identification and Preliminary Toxicological Assessment of a Non-Regulated Mineral Fiber: Fibrous Antigorite
from New Caledonia
Jasmine Rita Petriglieri, Christine LaPorte-Magoni, Emma Salvioli-Mariani, Maura Tomatis, Elena Gazzano,
Francesco Turci, Alessandro Cavallo, and Bice Fubini

99 Geologic Investigations for Compliance with the CARB Asbestos ATCM

Bradley G. Erskine

107 Geological Model for Naturally Occurring Asbestos Content Prediction in the Rock Excavation of a Long
Tunnel (Gronda di Genova Project, NW Italy)
Luca Barale, Fabrizio Piana, Sergio Tallone, Roberto Compagnoni, Chiara Avataneo, Serena Botta,
Igor Marcelli, Andrea Irace, Pietro Mosca, Roberto Cossio, and Francesco Turci

113 New Tools for the Evaluation of Asbestos-Related Risk during Excavation in an NOA-Rich Geological Setting
Francesco Turci, Chiara Avataneo, Serena Botta, Igor Marcelli, Luca Barale, Maura Tomatis, Roberto Cossio,
Sergio Tallone, Fabrizio Piana, and Roberto Compagnoni

121 Sampling, Analysis, and Risk Assessment for Asbestos and Other Mineral Fibers in Soil
Ed Cahill

129 Refinement of Sampling and Analysis Techniques for Asbestos in Soil

Julie Wroble, Tim Frederick, and Daniel Vallero

133 Discerning Erionite from Other Zeolite Minerals during Analysis

Robyn Ray