Name: Syeda Hina Ali

Course: GHL4-740 Sociolinguistics

Instructor: Dr. Rubina
Date: 10th April, Sunday
Quiz 2
Characteristics of Speech Community:

1.They share a specific set of norms for language use through living and interacting together.
2.Face to face contact is not necessary.
3.They could be monolingual or multi lingual and held together by frequency of social
interaction.
4. They are set off from the surroundings due to the linguistic norms.
5. They share a sense of social norms in discourse.

Shared Norms:
1.These norms are accepted by the members of the groups.
2.They can be linguistics or social norms.
3.This is what the members of the group displaying their discursive interaction and expect other
members to know.
4. These can be defined as the acceptable patterns of social behavior or linguistic rules or
behavior.
Reference Groups:
1.These are groups whose standards we mentally refer to as we evaluate ourselves
2.They are not organized groups of people who consciously or deliberately stand to represent
social values.
3.It is not necessary that an individual may be part of only one reference group.
4.These groups set ideals of behaviors and attitudes for those who refer to them and they gauge
themselves with these groups.
Stereotypes:
1.People who exhibit a certain type of characteristic.
2. Stereotypes are part of essentialism which is the idea that people can be placed into fixed
social categories
3: It is believed that people placed in a certain category share certain traits which we see as the
essence of that particular category.
4. Stereotypes usually not always carry a negative connotation.

Communicative Competence:
1. It involves the grammatical knowledge of components like syntax, morphology,
phonology etc.
2. 2. It also encompasses how to use and respond to languages appropriately in a context or
social situation.
3. It involves what the members of the speech group are aware of i.e., knowledge, beliefs,
values etc. related to language and social norms.
4. It gives the language users a strategic ability to solve any communicative problems as
they arise.
5. 5. It also focuses on producing sociologically appropriate utterances.
Linguistic Community:
1: Group of people who use similar norms and terms for communication.
2: They share knowledge, beliefs etc about the use of language.
3.They are set apart from other communities based on linguistic norms.
4: These communities also share adhere to certain linguistic behaviors.
Social Networks:
1: They are links that connect people to one another in a web of connection.
2: People can belong to more than one social network.
3: One can have a loose social network if the members of the group do not know or interact with
each other.
4: The members may or may not share the same linguistic or social norms.
5: These groups can be temporary, permanent or quasi-permanent.
6: There can be dense social groups where members know others members who also know and
interact wit each other.
Dense Social Groups:
1. When members of a group you know also know and interact with each other.
2. The foster social solidarity.
3. The social solidarity also fosters enforced linguistic norms.
4. This group is a close knit.

Loose Social Networks:

1. If people you know do not know each other / interact with each other form loose social
networks.
2. People in this type of network may or may not share linguist norms.
3. They may not even have similar social norms.
4. The group is more diversified as compared to dense social networks.