The NFPA 704 standard defines the "Safety Square" or "Fire Diamond" system used by emergency responders to quickly identify hazards posed by materials. It rates materials on four scales for flammability, health, instability, and special notices. This helps determine appropriate equipment, procedures, and precautions during emergency response. The standard is internationally accepted and important for transporting chemicals.
The NFPA 704 standard defines the "Safety Square" or "Fire Diamond" system used by emergency responders to quickly identify hazards posed by materials. It rates materials on four scales for flammability, health, instability, and special notices. This helps determine appropriate equipment, procedures, and precautions during emergency response. The standard is internationally accepted and important for transporting chemicals.
The NFPA 704 standard defines the "Safety Square" or "Fire Diamond" system used by emergency responders to quickly identify hazards posed by materials. It rates materials on four scales for flammability, health, instability, and special notices. This helps determine appropriate equipment, procedures, and precautions during emergency response. The standard is internationally accepted and important for transporting chemicals.
"NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the
Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response" is a
standard maintained by the U.S.-based National Fire Protection Association. First "tentatively adopted as a guide" in 1960, [1] and revised several times since then, it defines the colloquial "Safety Square" or "Fire Diamond" used by emergency personnel to quickly and easily identify the risks posed by hazardous materials. This helps determine what, if any, special equipment should be used, procedures followed, or precautions taken during the initial stages of an emergency response. It is an internationally accepted safety standard, and is crucial while transporting chemicals. Flammability (red) Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions (e.g. carbon tetrachloride), including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as 0 concrete, stone, and sand. Materials that will not burn in air unless exposed to a temperature of 820 °C (1,500 °F) for more than 5 minutes. Materials that require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur (e.g. mineral 1 oil, ammonia). Includes some finely divided suspended solids that do not require heating before ignition can occur. Flash point at or above 93.3 °C (200 °F). Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur (e.g. diesel fuel, paper, sulfur and multiple finely 2 divided suspended solids that do not require heating before ignition can occur). Flash point between 37.8 and 93.3 °C (100 and 200 °F). Liquids and solids (including finely divided suspended solids) that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions 3 (e.g. gasoline, acetone). Liquids having a flash point below 22.8 °C (73 °F) and having a boiling point at or above 37.8 °C (100 °F) or having a flash point between 22.8 and 37.8 °C (73 and 100 °F). Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily 4 (e.g. acetylene, propane, hydrogen gas, diborane). Includes pyrophoric substances. Flash point below room temperature at 22.8 °C (73 °F). Health (blue) Poses no health hazard, no precautions necessary and would offer no hazard 0 beyond that of ordinary combustible materials (e.g. wood, paper) Exposure would cause irritation with only minor residual injury 1 (e.g. acetone, sodium bromate, potassium chloride) Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary 2 incapacitation or possible residual injury (e.g. diethyl ether, ammonium phosphate, carbon dioxide, chloroform, DEET). Short exposure could cause serious temporary or moderate residual injury 3 (e.g. liquid hydrogen, sulfuric acid, calcium hypochlorite, carbon monoxide, hexafluorosilicic acid, zinc chloride) Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury (e.g. hydrogen 4 cyanide, phosgene, diborane, methyl isocyanate, hydrofluoric acid) Instability–reactivity (yellow) Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with 0 water (e.g. helium, N2) Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and 1 pressures (e.g. propene) Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, 2 reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water (e.g. white phosphorus, potassium, sodium) Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts 3 explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked (e.g. ammonium nitrate, caesium, hydrogen peroxide) Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal 4 temperatures and pressures (e.g. nitroglycerin, chlorine dioxide, nitrogen triiodide, manganese heptoxide, TNT) Special notice (white) The white "special notice" area can contain several symbols. The following symbols are defined by the NFPA 704 standard. Oxidizer, allows chemicals to burn without an air supply (e.g. potassium OX perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, hydrogen peroxide). Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner W (e.g. caesium, sodium, diborane, sulfuric acid). Simple asphyxiant gas (specifically helium, nitrogen, neon, argon, krypton, xenon). The SA SA symbol shall also be used for liquefied carbon dioxide vapor withdrawal systems and where large quantities of dry ice are used in confined areas.[2] Non-standard symbols (white) These hazard codes are not part of the NFPA 704 standard, but are occasionally used in an unofficial manner. The use of non-standard codes may be permitted, required or disallowed by the authority having jurisdiction (e.g. fire department). COR Corrosive; strong acid or base (e.g. sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide) ACID Acid or alkaline, to be more specific ALK BIO Biological hazard (e.g. flu virus, rabies virus)
POI Poisonous (e.g. strychnine, alpha-amanitin) RA RAD Radioactive (e.g. plutonium, cobalt-60, carbon-14)
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