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Business Ethics (MGT161)

Section 1

Report on Tata Sons Pvt. Ltd.

Assignment – 2

Submitted to: Prof. Darshana Padia

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Name Enrolment Email Address Programme

Number

Sanaiya Jokhi 1811391 sanaiya.j@ahduni.edu.in BBA

Simoni Shah 1811104 simoni.s@ahduni.edu.in BBA

Shagun Turakhia 1811271 shagun.t@ahduni.edu.in BBA

Sunidhi Soni 1811462 sunidhi.s@ahduni.edu.in BBA

Aashka Shah 1811442 aashka.s@ahduni.edu.in BBA

Megha Mohata 1811420 megha.m@ahduni.edu.in BBA

Tirth Patel 1811072 tirth.p1@ahduni.edu.in BBA

Vaidehi Ruparelia 1811190 vaidehi.r@ahduni.edu.in BBA

Vrutika Siyani 1811409 vrutika.s@ahduni.edu.in BBA

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Tata Sons Pvt. Ltd.

(Since 1868)
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Acknowledgement:

We are grateful to be a part of this report writing assignment. It was a great chance of
learning and professional development. Therefore, we consider ourselves very lucky as we
had the opportunity to work on it. We are also grateful for having a chance to learn so many
new concepts during the course of this assignment.
Bearing in mind that, we would like to use this opportunity to express our deepest gratitude
and special thanks to Prof. Darshana Padia who in spite of being extraordinarily busy with
her duties, took time to hear out, guide and keep us on the correct path and allowing us to
carry out our assignment in their course Business Ethics (MGT161).
We express our deepest thanks to Anika Mansuri Madam for taking part in useful decisions
and giving necessary advice and guidance to make this process easier. We will choose this
moment to acknowledge her grateful contribution.
We would like to thank Ahmedabad University to gives us this opportunity to present our
creativeness and knowledge in front of Professors.
Lastly, we would like to thank each and every one of our team members for their invaluable
contribution which they have made for this assignment. It would not be possible without
them to successfully complete this assignment.
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Table of Contents
Introduction of the company: 6
Governance Philosophy 6
TATA code of conduct (TCOC): 6
Core values: 7
Mission: 8
Vision: 8
DRIVE 8
Awards and recognitions: 8
CEO of the company: 9
CSR initiatives undertaken by the organization: 10
The Pyramid of Corporate social responsibility: 10
Focus of the initiatives: 10
The initiatives taken by Tata Sons 10
CSR expenditure for the Financial Year 2015-16: 12
Ethical practices followed by the organization: 13
Ethical practices followed by Tata Sons: 13
Implementation of the code of conduct at Tata Companies: 14
Corporate Governance rules and regulations followed by Tata Sons: 15
Corporate Governance rules and regulations followed by Tata : 15
Corporate Governance model adopted by the company: 16
Any violation of the ethical code of conduct and dilemma faced by the management by Tata
Group in the past: 18
Ethical dilemmas faced by the management in past and present: 20
Conclusion and students’ perspective of the company’s ethical and governance practices: 21
References: 22
Citations: 23
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Introduction of the company:

Tata Sons Pvt. Ltd. was started by Jamsetji Tata in 1868 when he was only 29 years old. The
group consists of 100 operating companies all over the world in seven sectors. The
headquarters of the Tata Sons Pvt. Ltd. is in Mumbai, India.

Governance Philosophy
“The Tata philosophy of management has always been, and is today more than ever,
that corporate enterprises must be managed not merely in the interests of their owners,
but equally in those of their employees, of the consumers of their products, of the local
community and finally of the country as a whole.” JRD Tata, 1973

As a mindful corporate resident, Tata Sons observes the traditions that must be adhered to in
letter and soul. Tata Sons likewise go past simple consistency to feature certain practices and
standards to Tata group subsidiary operating companies.

Their Governance Philosophy depends on flexibility. All other companies become afraid of
the Tata organization becoming huge as it creates great competition among them. It is basic
to assemble a supportable and flexible venture.

Tata Sons’ relationships with its other operating companies are governed by:

Shareholding in the group companies: TATA sons are the chief speculation holding
organization and the advertiser of its operating working organizations.

Brand Equity & Business Promotion (BEBP) agreement: Any company which uses the
word TATA becomes the part of its BEBP agreement. Every company which is part of BEBP
has to ethical rules and regulations of the TATA Company. The companies must also adopt
the following 2 things:

TATA code of conduct (TCOC): It provides an ethical path to every employee and all its
operating companies and also guides them. All the employees of TATA are obliged to follow
the code of conduct.

Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM): Advances business greatness in group

organizations by getting top tier forms and encouraging the sharing of best practices.

“Business, as I have seen it, places one great demand on you: it needs you to self-impose
a framework of ethics, values, fairness, and objectivity on yourself at all times.” - Ratan
N Tata, 2006.
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Core values:
Tata has consistently been a quality-driven association. These qualities keep on coordinating
the development and business of Tata organizations.

The five core values of Tata Sons are as follows:

Integrity

They will always be reasonable, fair, straightforward and moral in following rules and
regulations of the company; all that they do must stand the trial of open examination.

Responsibility

They will coordinate natural and social standards in their organizations, guaranteeing that
what originates from the individuals must return to the individuals.

Excellence

They will be energetic about accomplishing the best expectations of value, continually
advancing meritocracy.

Pioneering

They will be intense and bold enough taking on difficulties by utilizing profound client
understanding to create new arrangements.

Unity

They will put resources into their employees and shareholders, empower consistent learning,
and build minding and community-oriented connections dependent on trust and common
respect.

The company's main purpose is to make everything fully digitalized in the whole world.
Through it, they can connect people anywhere, anytime and at anyplace. TATA serves in
more than 80 countries across the six continents which employ around 4, 50,000 employees.
In the Tata group, two-third of its shares is owned by Tata sons which is a charitable trust as
they strongly believe in charity. This trust creates many institutions across the country and
also gives many funds to Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) which are working in the
area of healthcare, education, and livelihood of the people.
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The total customers are around 7000 customers which contain 60% of Fortune 500
companies. It also claims that 4 out of 5 users in the world use its services. It has 30% of the
world's internet routes and connects 60% business to world giant cloud. The company IP
connects to more than 240 countries and territories across the world. It is listed on both the
exchange of India i.e. BSE (Bombay Stock exchange) and NSE (National Stock Exchange)
with the capital of USD 2.72bn.

The company mission and vision statement is as follows:

Mission:

We innovate mobility solutions with a passion to enhance the quality of life.

Vision:

As a high-performance organization, we are, by FY 2019:

 The preferred choice for customers in delivering excellence, efficiency, and value in design
and engineering solutions
 Achieving sustainable financial performance
 Delivering exciting innovations

The main focus of the company is on 5 principles:

DRIVE
Daring is to challenge the existing affairs, creating new things and building new examples.

Responsive means are available for team and company all the time. As they think
collaboration is the key to any organization.

Inclusivity means they believe in respect and trust of everyone and treats everyone equals
despite having diversity in the organization. They think diversity is their strength.

Venturing employee’s means looking out of the box and creating new opportunities for
themselves and also for the TATA. The company motivates its employees to do so.

Ethics is the foundation of the organization. They also think that integrity and honesty are
necessary inside as well as outside the organization.

Awards and recognitions:

Following are some of the awards and recognitions that Tata telecom has:
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AON’s Best Employees Award in 2018.

Customer Experience (CX) Vendor Excellence Award in 2019

Frost & Sullivan Asia-Pacific Best Practice Award in 2019

CEO of the company:

N. Chandrasekaran
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CSR initiatives undertaken by the organization:

CSR is where any company that meets the net profit, net worth or turnover criteria of the Act
has to continue a CSR committee of its board.

The Pyramid of Corporate social responsibility:

Economic Responsibility: Be Profitable - It is important to maintain high profits and to

maximize high earnings per share.

Legal Responsibility: Obey the law - It is important to meet the expectations of government
and law.

Ethical Responsibility: Be ethical - It is important to do what is right, just, and fair.

Philanthropic Responsibility: Be good corporate citizens: It is important to contribute

resources to the community to improve the quality of life.

Focus of the initiatives:

 Improving the quality of life of underprivileged communities

 Neighbouring business operations.

 Sustainable initiatives in Indian companies.

 Focus on health, education, employability, and the environment.

The initiatives taken by Tata Sons:

Arogya - Health

 They provide clean drinking water to children under five years of age who are combating
malnutrition.

 It enables an ecosystem that will sustain good health.

 Their inventions basically include -

1. Creating awareness on health.

2. Bringing positive behavioural change in the communities.

3. Strengthening the institutional delivery mechanism.

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4. Creating public infrastructures like the provision of safe drinking water and better
sanitation facilities.

Vidhyadhanam - Education

As education are the most important thing and necessary for every citizen. So, Tata took
education initiatives where there is a targeted approach, it is based on scholarships and some
financial support.

The main initiatives taken by Tata were:

 Peer to Peer learning at Avanti Fellow.

 Financial Aid program - Innovating self-perpetuating model through Financial Aid

Programme (FAP) at IIT.

 IAS Coaching - Grooming youth to be noble bureaucrats.

 ASHA Kiran School for special children.

Vasundhara - Environment

In this program, Tata concentrates to increase the green cover through sapling plantation and
to enhance environmental awareness levels in the community.

The main innovation that Tata took was:

 The Innovation: Health and Environment-friendly cooking stoves.

Amrutdhara - Drinking water

The Amrutdhara initiative of Tata motors was to make clean and safe drinking water for all in
the country, especially in the rural and drought-prone villages.

Some program or events organized by Tata are:

 Sumant Moolgaokar Development Foundation.

 Conservation - Water stressed to Water-rich.

Aadhar - Tata affirmative action program

Tata wanted a holistic and equitable development of society and to have sustainable growth
in the organization. Integrated village development in Pathardi Gram Panchayat - Pathardi is
a tribal village of nearly 700.
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Households Initiatives are taken:

 Water - They provided clean water and even they took care and check dams, repair of
water

Storage tanks, pipelines, and solar-based water-lifting devices installed.

 Health - Health check-ups and to improve nutritional status and to bring food security.

 Education - Installation of e-learning through Navneet foundation for learning.

 Livelihood - Soil testing and soil health dispensed to 340 plus farmers and even training on

cultivation.

 Public Infrastructure - Within seven months TML had installed 57 solar lights, 2 functional
toilets in schools and construction of roads.

Seva - Volunteering

One needs to invest their personal time through volunteering.

Some programs Tata did to create awareness in the society:

 Walkathon; in Dharwad.

 Lab to land - Volunteering.

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CSR expenditure for the Financial Year 2015-16:

Name of the Company CSR Spent (in ₹ Crores)

TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED 294.2

TATA STEEL LIMITED 204.5

THE TATA POWER COMPANY LIMITED 29.0

TATA MOTORS LIMITED 20.6

TATA CHEMICALS LIMITED 14.0

TATA POWER DELHI DISTRIBUTION LIMITED 8.6

TATA STEEL LIMITED 204.5

TATA TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED 5.1

TATA AIG GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED 3.3

TATA SONS LIMITED 0.0

Source: Registrar of Companies

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Ethical practices followed by Tata Sons:

Ethics basically refers to moral values and principles that govern how we as humans work in
an organization as well as outside the working environment. From a business point of view, it
revolves around how the company deals with its customers, employees, managers,
government rules and regulations, and whether the company responds to any crisis ethically
or unethically. Ethics guide us in every aspect of the business. No matter how big the
organization, working ethically is extremely important because it forms an ethical
environment for the business which leads to individual growth and development in the
organization, encourages strong teamwork and also helps in managing problems ethically.  

At Tata Sons ethics play a very important role in the company. The five core values of Tata
are Unity, Pioneering, Responsibility, Integrity, and excellence. Every year Tata observes the
month of July as the “ethics months” to promote an ethical environment across the company.
Some of the various ethical practices followed by Tata Group are as follows:

 Tata encourages gender equality and equal pay for all its employees.
 They encourage a nurturing and collaborative culture across the company.
 Tata is committed to good corporate citizenship. They encourage social development
activities for the communities they are working in. 
 Tata shall not engage itself in any kind of unfair or restrictive trade practices 
 Tata doesn’t accept bribery or any kind of corruption.
 The company shall act with honesty, integrity, fairness and within the ethical
standards. 
 Tata and its employees shall not take or give any kind of illegal payments, gifts,
donations or benefits that are against the company's code of conduct.
 The leader in the company too shall show their commitment towards the ethical
conduct of the company.
 Tata shall obey the laws of the country wherever the company is operating.
 Statements made to the stakeholders should honest and in good faith. 
 Stakeholders should be treated equally without any kind of discrimination.
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 Tata prevents the wasteful use of natural resources and also works towards the
improvement of the environment.
 The competitor’s information should be obtained legally. 
 Suppliers and other service providers should accept the ethical standards of the
company. 
 Good governance should be promoted.
 There shouldn’t be any dependence on any specific political party.

Implementation of the code of conduct at Tata Companies:

To guide every employee working for the Tata Group, a code of conduct was officially
introduced in 1998. This document works as a guideline for each employee of the company to
understand its values and ethics. Also, principles expected to be followed are mentioned in
the Code of Conduct. As the Tata Group has a lot of companies working under it, it was
essential for Tata to establish a code of conduct so as to align the various autonomous
companies. For the implementation of the code of conduct, a special new position at the top
level of management was made by the Tata Group of ‘Ethics Counsellor’. His duties were to
make a report of day-to-day working and he was responsible to report to the Managing
Director of the Tata Group. One person from every department of the company was made a
‘Ethics Coordinator’. They were chosen by the head of the department to work upon the
reporting of the implementation of the code of conduct. They reported to either the heads of
their departments or the Ethical Counsellor. The Ethics Coordinators and Ethics Counsellor
combined organized various events to make the employees and their families proud to be a
part of this trustworthy and ethical organization. Awareness about ethics, principles of the
company and the values was also spread among them. However, they lacked a system to
monitor the sustenance of the code of conduct. Those events were only organized for the
family members of the executives working in the top-level management and not for the whole
organization which according to the counsellor was essential as the people working the top-
level management have greater responsibilities and power.

To induce the motivation to perform ethically, one of the Ethics Coordinator, every month,
was rewarded for their performance. Also, if any employee performed showing a higher
ethical value, then that employee would also be rewarded. As Tata Group is such a big
company, the employees often visit government offices to meet the officials very often for
some or the other formalities. In the beginning, the employees of Tata Group found it
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somewhat difficult to get the work done without any ‘extra favors’ but the employees stood
firm on the company’s values and principles which resulted in an ethical behavior. Later on,
even the government officials expecting bribes understood that nothing was going to come
out of the employees from the Tata Group. For those who violated the guidelines of the code
of conduct, the consequences were intense. So, this resulted in the concern for employees to
do the job in an ethical way. The employees were accountable to their respective superiors for
their ethical behavior and hence, the implementation of the code of conduct was made
efficient and easy.
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Corporate Governance rules and regulations followed by Tata

Sons:

Corporate Governance rules and regulations followed by Tata :

 Tata's philosophy on corporate governance is upon the rich legacy of ethical and
transparent governance practices.
 Through corporate governance work, the board of directors along with its employees
undertakes responsibilities to all stakeholders by ensuring fairness and transparency in
its decision.
 Corporate governance is an essence the company trusts in and actively implements a
high level of corporate governance council to ensure best CG practices are picked.
 It shall respect the human rights and dignity of all its stakeholders.
 It shall strive to balance the interests of their stakeholders, treating each of them fairly
and avoiding unfair discrimination of any kind.
 The statements that they make to their stakeholders shall be truthful and made in good
faith.
 It shall not engage in any restrictive or unfair trade practices.
 There is also that business excellence model that is to drive excellence and the
balanced scorecard method for tracking progress on objectives.
 There is also a Tata code of conduct which says that the values, principles, and ethics
serves as a guide to directors and employees. They also have adopted guidelines on
board effectiveness based on best practices from both outsides and within the
company.
 The company's depository programmed is listed in the New York stock exchange and
it also complies with USA regulations.
 They also consider their responsibility to protect the rights of their stakeholders and
tell them accurate and timely information regarding the company's financials and
performance.
 The company also believes in compliance in spirit.
 For Tata corporate governance means to bring accountability to shareholders
consistently while also creating wealth legally and ethically.
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 When representing the company, the company employees shall act with
professionalism, honesty, and integrity, and conform to the highest moral and ethical
standards. In the countries it operates in, it shall exhibit culturally appropriate
behavior.
 It shall be fair and transparent and be perceived as fair and transparent by third
parties.
 Tata communications with the whole Tata group share five core values: integrity,
unity, responsibility, excellence, and understanding. These five values guide and drive
business decisions.
 With stakeholders, they believe to have fair words, actions, and deeds.
 They have a steadfast responsibility to business ethics and commitment to CSR.

Corporate Governance model adopted by the company:

The model adopted by Tata from the three models of corporate governance is the Anglo-US
model from the 3 models of corporate governance. Anglo-US model depicts shared
ownership of individual or institutional shareholders who are outside of the company.

The 3 key players of Anglo-US model are:

1. Board of directors (where they include both outsiders and insiders)

2. Management
3. Shareholders

Board of
directors

Management

Shareholders
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This model was mainly designed/created to differentiate individually between the control and
ownership of any corporation. It also relies on effective and strong communication between
the 3 key players which are shareholders, management and board of directors with main
decisions, agenda, and objectives of the business. In the Anglo-US model, there are numbers
of key players involved including management, shareholders, directors, stock exchanges,
government agencies, consulting firms, and self-regulatory organizations.
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Any violation of the ethical code of conduct and dilemma faced by

the management by Tata Group in the past:
1. The name of TATA has come under a few controversies and scandals. One of the
major scandals in which one of the TATA’s companies was included was the 2G
spectrum scandal. This scandal was started by the government where comptroller and
auditor general said that government undercharged the price of providing frequency
license to the companies and here TATA teleservices was also included.
2. There was also a controversy where an independent director named Cyrus Mistry was
removed in the annual general meeting on 24th October 2016 and was replaced by
Ratan Tata. He was removed with a vague reason that there is a problem from other
directors that he is not trustworthy. TATA sons also said that the strategies and vision
they had was not matching with that of Cyrus Mistry’s point of view. He was also not
given a chance to explain himself for the same. His point of view was to reduce the
debt by closing the outperforming companies and initially everyone was impressed by
this idea but later his way of handling business did not go well. According to
companies act it is important to give a notice to senior officer before terminating him
but TATA group terminated Cyrus Mistry without giving an early notice which is
unethical From the legal aspect this is unethical and it does violate ethical code of
conduct also and there are people affected by this decision so from that point of view
it is unethical. But national company law tribunal of Mumbai branch said that Cyrus
Mistry intentionally revealed information of the company to the income tax
department and to media and also talked against the board of directors openly to the
public and hence according to the tribunal he should be removed because his removal
falls under section 241 of companies act 2013.
3. There was another controversy against TATA Tea in Assam. Pranati Deka was a
cultural secretary of a banned organization of Assam named United Liberation Front
of Assam (ULFA). TATA tea was accused of helping her financially during her
delivery time at Jaslok hospital and also bear her hotel charges with the other 2
companions. Hence, the general manager of TATA tea named S.S. Dogra was
arrested and the charges against him were “aiding and abetting terrorism and assisting
persons involved in waging war against the state.” But TATA tea said that they were
not aware of Pranati’s real identity and hence made that mistake. Brojen Gogoi was a
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manager of the community center and social welfare and he was the one who
accompanied Deka and then disappeared when police released warrant against him. In
this scene also it was believed that TATA tea knew about his whereabouts but never
told the police.
4. Tata Motors Limited wanted to open a plant at Singur in West Bengal but it was
interrupted by farmers’ protest because TML wanted to make their plant on Farmers’
land. The government acquired land from the farmers saying that the land would be
used for a public purpose but they gave land to TATA Motors Limited. Usually, no
industrial projects should be carried out on multi crops land. As this district was near
Hooghly river it was a very fertile land and hence useful for cultivation purposes. But
still this land was used for making plant and we also don’t have any rights to spoil
nature for development purpose. But still, 997 acres of land was occupied by TATA
for its project. A survey was also collected from the farmers by TATA to know
whether they are willing to give away their lands to them but only 1% of farmers were
willing and others were not willing to do so. A memorandum of understanding
provides information about the advantages and implications of the deal but in this
case, TATA didn’t provide the information regarding environmental implication to its
shareholders. TML took land from 15,000 farmers saying that it will provide them
employment in their plant but they only provided employment to only 1,000 farmers.
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Ethical dilemmas faced by the management in past and present:

Corruption is when after a person receives a bribe, they perform the activities law doesn’t
allow them to perform. Bribe is when, to do a work, a person is given some illegit
consideration (can be in form of money or gifts or some other favor). As the Tata
Telecommunications was involved in the 2G scam, it was alleged that the company paid
bribes to A Raja, instead of participating in a fair auction. They were provided with the
second generation (2G) mobile frequencies for very cheap because they paid bribes. And as
mentioned before in the code of conduct, that earlier the employees used to get their work
done through bribes and now they were finding it difficult to function without it. So here
arises the ethical dilemma of whether the company should pay or accept the bribe even if it
takes the company to new heights.

The next ethical dilemma the company faces is about the environmental pollution. People
from the villages of Mouda, Harijansahi and Tupasahi have been continuously asking for a
change in their habitat because of the pollution caused by Tata Steel. There are more than
fifteen hundred people who want their houses to be reallocated to some other place.

As for the Tata Tea and Pranati Deka case, the latter was a militant meaning that the front she
worked for was violent in various ways. It was banned by the Government on the country
stating that it worked as a terrorist organization. Helping that woman would be considered as
indulging in or helping those fronts. So, the ethical dilemma was, was the country’s security
less valuable than helping that woman?
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Conclusion and students’ perspective of the company’s ethical

and governance practices:
Tata follows good ethical practices where every director to the employee of the company is
responsible for each and every activity happening in the organization. The ethics of Tata is so
strong that once an employee for Tata will always be an employee for Tata. As the company
has a very strong attitude towards following rules and regulations, Form the pay system of the
employees to the responsibility towards the Customers and the Stakeholders.

The corporate governance of the company guides the responsibility of every employee
working in the organization, for the fulfilment of the future goals of the company. Tata
Motors focuses on the improvement and the betterment of the unprivileged and also look
after the environmental responsibilities. Arogya, Vidhyadhanam, Avanti Fellow, Vasundhara,
etc. are such concepts of the company which provides help to the poor and look after their
development.

The company also encourages gender equality, giving equal pays and insensitive to the
women. The Tata industry has always been encouraging social development where they
work. Tata and its employees under its ethical practice state that they cannot take any illegal
payment, gifts, and donations and benefits that are against the company's code of conduct;
they also have to follow the laws of the country in which they operate.

Tata is a good example of an ethical company; Tata industry also donates 60% of its profit to
India which is a huge contributor for a country like India to develop further. The donation
gives a huge example that how socially helpful and ethical the organization is.
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References:
https://www.icmrindia.org/free%20resources/casestudies/The%20Tata%20Tea%20ULFA
%20Story1.htm
https://www.icmrindia.org/free%20resources/casestudies/The%20Tata%20Tea%20ULFA
%20Story6.htm
https://www.iasparliament.com/blogs/pdf/verdict-in-the-2g-spectrum-case
https://hrln.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/singur-case.pdf
https://indiankanoon.org/doc/109815302/
https://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Human%20Resource%20and
%20Organization%20Behavior/Cyrus%20Mistry%E2%80%99s%20Exit%20as
%20Chairman%20-Excerpts.htm
https://www.nclt.gov.in/sites/default/files/final-orders-pdf/43%20mb.pdf

https://www.tata.com/business/tata-communications
https://www.tmetc.com/about-us/mission-vision-culture-values.aspx (mission and vision
statement)
https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-values-purpose ( values)
 https://www.tatasteeleurope.com/static_files/Downloads/Corporate/Sustainability/Ethical %2
0behaviour/Tata_Code_of_Conduct.pdf
https://www.tatacommunications.com/about/culture-diversity/
https://www.tata.com/about-us/tata-code-of-conduct
https://www.tatacommunications.com/investors/governance/
https://www.tatasteel.com/investors/integrated-report-2016-17/corporate-governance-
report.html
https://www.tata.com/community
https://www.tatamotors.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/09042523/corporate-governance-
report.pdf
https://www.tatachemicals.com/upload/pdf/tcl-corporate-governance-18-19.pdf
https://bizfluent.com/list-6710522-models-corporate-governance.html
http://www.emergingmarketsesg.net/esg/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Three-Models-of-
Corporate-Governance-January-2009.pdf
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Citations:

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.iasparliament.com/blogs/pdf/verdict-in-the-2g-spectrum-case

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://hrln.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/singur-case.pdf

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://indiankanoon.org/doc/109815302/.

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nclt.gov.in/sites/default/files/final-orders-pdf/43 mb.pdf

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.tatasteel.com/investors/integrated-report-2016-17/corporate-

governance-report.html.

(n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.tatamotors.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/09042523/corporate-governance-

report.pdf

Corporate governance of tata chemicals. (n.d.). corporate governance of tata chemicals.

Retrieved from https://www.tatachemicals.com/upload/pdf/tcl-corporate-governance-18-

19.pdf

Culture & Diversity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.tatacommunications.com/about/culture-

diversity/.

FAQs. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.tatacommunications.com/about/faq/.

Governance: Investors. (n.d.). Retrieved from

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