Psychology (100 Marks)

I. Nature and Scope of Psychology: Definition and scope, Psychology as a Science,

Schools, Perspectives, and Models of Psychology, Recent Trends

II. Biological Basis of Behaviour: Nervous System, Neuron and its function, Central and

Peripheral Nervous System, Endocrine System

III. Sensation and Perception: Sensory process through sense organs, Perception,

Gestalt Principles, Binocular and Monocular cues, Illusions and Extra Sensory

Perception, Determinants of Perception

IV. Learning and Memory: Nature and Forms of Learning, Types of learning: Classical

and Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement, Extinction, Discrimination, Punishment,

Observational Learning, Theories of Learning, Types of Memory, Process of Memory,

Forgetting, Theories of Memory

V. Motivation and Emotion: Homeostasis, Factors affecting Motivation, Biogenic and

Social Motives, Measurement of Human Motivation, Theories of Motivation, Emotions,

Types of Emotions, Physiological changes and Emotion, Theories of Emotion.

VI. Psychological Assessment: Attributes of Psychological Measures, Validity,

Reliability, Item Analysis, Norms, Modern Test Theory, Selection and Training,

Educational and Clinical Assessment, Ethical Standards and Legal Issues

VII. Personality: Determinants of Personality, Factors in Development of Personality,

Theoretical Perspectives, Traits and Types, Personality Assessment and Techniques,

Cross-Cultural Issues.

VIII. Intelligence: Theories of Intelligence, Types of intelligence (IQ, EQ), Assessing

Intelligence

IX. Social Influence and Group Dynamics: Social Facilitation, Attribution, Conformity,

Obedience, Altruism, Attitudes, Social Norms.

X. Developmental Psychology: Physical, Cognitive, Social and Emotional development

in Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood and Old Age

XI. Abnormal and Clinical Psychology: Concept and causes of Abnormality, Clinical

Assessment and Intervention, Different disorders such as Schizophrenia, Mood

disorder, Anxiety disorder, Personality disorder, etc. Psychological treatment

including different Therapeutic techniques.

XII. Organizational/Industrial Psychology: Leadership styles, Decision making, Work

motivation, Organizational Culture, Stress and Conflict at Work and its Management,

Organizational Socialization, Job related Attitude, Sexual Harassment, Glass Ceiling,

Human Computer interaction.

XIII. Health Psychology: Beliefs and Behaviour, Models of Health Psychology,

Assessment and Intervention, Models of Stress, Chronic and Terminal Illness, Role of

Social Support.
XIV. Forensic Psychology: Psychology and Law, Investigation, Confession, Eyewitness

Testimony, Working with Offenders, Juvenile Delinquents, Drug Addicts, Sex Offenders

etc.

Q. No. 2. What are the major approaches in contemporary psychology? What are
psychology’s key issues and controversies? (20)

Q. No. 3. Define intelligence. Differentiate between fluid and crystalized intelligence.

Explain why crystallized intelligence is more a reflection of culture as compared to
fluid intelligence? (20)

Q. No. 4. Define emotions and describe how James-Lange and Cannon Bard theories
of emotions differ in the role of arousal in emotions, along with examples and
limitations. (20)

Q. No. 5. Explain how the right to privacy, anonymity, and informed consent relate to
psychological testing? Describe the issues associated with test takers from
multicultural backgrounds. (20)

Q. No. 6. Differentiate between the Kohlberg and Gilligan approaches to moral

development during adolescents and early adulthood. (20)

Q. No. 7. What are the major differences between trait, learning, biological,
evolutionary, and humanistic approaches to personality? (20)

Q. No. 2. Define Personality. Discuss few major theories of personality in detail. (20)
Q. No. 3. Differentiate between sensation and perception. Elaborate Gestalt Principles
of perception. (20)

Q. No. 4. Define psychological intervention. Discuss major therapeutic techniques

introduced by clinical psychologists in different eras for the treatment of
psychological disorders. (20)

Q. No. 5. What are different leadership styles with reference to major leadership style
theories? Elaborate the characteristics of transformational and transactional leaders
with appropriate examples. (20)

Q. No. 6. Differentiate between Objective and Projective Tests in Psychology.

Elaborate the rationale behind Projective tests with examples of TAT with its
structure, function and interpretation. (20)

Q. No. 7. How is Forensic Psychology different from Forensic Science? Discuss

major roles and responsibilities of Forensic Psychologists. (20)

Q.No. 8. Why is it important to determine validity of a test before using it with

population? Also elaborate its major types with examples. (20)

Q.No. 8. What are the types, etiology, and symptoms of mood disorders? Explain your
answer according to DSM classification. (20)

. No. 2. What is street smartness? How Gardner’s approach differs from the other
theories of intelligence? (20)

Q. No. 3. What is the rationale behind using projective tests of personality? How TAT
and Rorschach Ink Blot tests are different in terms of their structure and psychometric
qualities? (20)

Q. No. 4. Enlist positive and negative symptoms along with different types of
schizophrenia. Give the major plan of management of schizophrenia. (20)
Q. No. 5. How construct validity of psychological tests is determined by employing
different psychometric procedures? (20)

Q. No. 6. How effectiveness of psychotherapy can be determined? Identify situations

in which unconditional positive regard would be appropriate. How can CBT change
the unhealthy state of a person? (20)

Q. No. 7. Why do we tend to explain causes of others and our own behaviors?
Compare and contrast the different theories of attribution. (20)

Q.No. 8. Why are raw scores on a psychological test meaningless until interpreted
with norms? Differentiate between developmental norms and within group norms with
reference to major types of norms. (20)

Q. No. 2. Define emotion. Compare and contrast the theories of emotion. (20)
Q. No. 3. Describe the attributes of psychological measures. Highlight the ethical and
legal issues in psychological assessment. (20)
Q. No. 4. Describe in detail the structure and functions of central nervous system. (20)
Q. No. 5. Differentiate between sensation and perception. Describe different
determinants of perception. (20)
Q. No. 6. Define learning. Discuss classical and operant conditioning. (20)
Q. No. 7. List and describe the various characteristics of mood disorders, including
major depression and bipolar disorder. (20)
Q. No. 8. Write comprehensive notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each) (20)
i. Endocrine system
ii. Models of stress
iii. Roles and Responsibility of Forensic Psychologist

Q. No. 2. To what extent in the twenty-first century you justify the role of ‘the mind’ in
psychology? (20)
Q. No. 3. Why is associative learning important? Discuss with respect to the behavioural
repertoire provided by instrumental versus associative forms of learning. (20)
Q. No. 4. What are the major developmental changes that occur during the school
years? (20)
Q. No. 5. How do social and cognitive processes affect behaviour? (20)
Q. No. 6. What are the defining characteristics of humanistic therapy? Discuss how one
might assess different psychotherapies. Which of the psychotherapies appear to be the
most effective? (20)
Q. No. 7. Is there any harm in national stereotypes? Discuss the relevant factors which
we need to take into consideration when we wish to build social harmony in society. (20)
Q. No. 8. Write comprehensive notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each) (20)
(i) Stress is linked to illness, with examples
(ii) Consequences of redundancy and unemployment.
(iii) Role of the reinforcer in classical and instrumental conditioning

Q. No. 2. Define Personality. Discuss in detail few major theories of personality. (20)
Q. No. 3. Differentiate between fine sensation and perception. Elaborate Gestalt
Principles of perception. (20)
Q. No. 4. What is reliability of psychological tests? Elaborate different types of reliability
for test with suitable examples. (20)
Q. No. 5. Differentiate between intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ). Also
discuss major theories of emotional intelligence with suitable examples. (20)
Q. No. 6. Define psychological disorders and its major categories. Discuss major
therapeutic techniques used by the clinical psychologists for the treatment of
psychological disorders. (20)
Q. No. 7. What are different leadership styles with reference to major leadership style
theories? Elaborate the characteristics of transformational and transactional leaders
with appropriate examples. (20)
Q. No. 8. Write comprehensive notes on any TWO of the following: (10+10) (20)
(A) Goals of psychotherapy
(B) Test Validity and its Types
(C) Development in childhood

Q. No. 2: Describe the role of nervous system and narrate the functions of neurons and

endocrine system in brain functioning.

Q. No. 3: Explain the relationship between learning and memory. Identify the role of

reinforcement, extinction and conditioned stimuli in the context of classical conditioning.

Q. No. 4: Give theoretical perspective of personality and describe personality

assessment techniques and their uses.

Q. No. 5: Define physical, cognitive, social and emotional development in the light of

child development and identify which of the development areas is more important in

human development.

Q. No. 6: Define abnormal behaviour. Describe possible psychological treatment used

to treat anxiety or personality disorders in patients.

Q. No. 7: Describe various leadership styles and explain the role of decision making in

the development of an organization.

Q. No. 8: Write short notes on any four.

i. Sensation and Perception

ii. Operational Conditioning

iii. Group Dynamics

iv. Beliefs and Behaviour

v. Models of Stress

vi. Juvenile Delinquents

Q2.Discuss psychology as science of behaviour and explain any too schools of

psychology in detail.

Q3. Explain structure and function of different parts of brain.

Q4. Define learning and conditioning.differentiate classical and operant conditioning.

Q5. Discuss different theories of motivation.

Q6. Write detailed note on process of socialization.

Q7. Write short notes on any four.

(i) Attitude (ii) Recent trends in psychology (iii) Master gland of body (iv) Depth

perception (v) Homeostasis (vi) Group norms

Q.No.2. What is zone of proximal development? Discuss in reference to Vygotsky’s

sociocultural approach.
Q.No.3. What are the philosophical foundations of psychology, discuss contribution of

positivism, materialism and empiricism.

Q.No.4. Discuss the psychological testing movement and the clinical psychology

movement.

Q.No.5. How personality is studied and measured and what are the ethics of personality

testing.

Q.No.6. What are Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development? Discuss in

detail.

Q.No.7. Discuss Piaget’s cognitive-stage theory in detail.

Q.No.8. DIscuss various types of neurological disorders, their aetiology and treatment.

Q.No. 2 Give your valuable comments on the importance of Developmental Psychology.

Q.No.3 What do you know about various methods of studying infant behavior? Discuss.

Q.No. 4 Why did American Psychiatric Association adopt multi-axial system of diagnosis

in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)? What are the distinguishing features of

depression and generalized anxiety of virtue of which the two disorders have discrete

diagnosis?

Q.No. 5 “Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a form of psychotherapy and a

philosophy of living created by Albert Ellis in 1950’s.” In your opinion to what extent can

it be judged successful in the contemporary psychotherapies?

Q.No. 6 Many theories have been advanced to explain the causes of Juvenile

Delinquency. To your mind how our society may come to deal preventively with this
problem?

Q.No. 7 “The study and measurement of intelligence has been an important topic for

nearly hundred years.” Discuss in length the topic. Also describe briefly the main

reasons of Mental Retardation?”

Q.No. 8 Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Creativity (b) Behavior Modification (c) Job SatisfactionQ.No. 2 How did theorists

belonging to functionalism define psychology? How did functionalism influence

psychology as the science of behavioral and mental processes?

Q.No.3 Discuss role of brain in the experience of emotions.

Q.No. 4 How do individual and cultural factors influence our perception? Discuss with

examples.

Q.No. 5 Define operant conditioning. How the processes involved in operant

conditioning influence our everyday learning experiences? Justify your argument with

examples.

Q.No. 6 Compare and contrast any two theories of attitude formation. Highlight their

drawbacks as well.

Q.No. 7 What is the rational behind using projective tests of personality? How TAT and

Rorschach Ink Blot test are different in terms of their structure and psychometric

qualities?

Q.No. 8 Write short notes on any FOUR of the following:

(a) Causes of illusions

(b) Defense mechanisms

(c) Latent Learning

(d) Interference theory of learning

(e) Affiliation motive

(f) Agents of socialization