(tailieudieuky.com) (Compiled by Chuyên Tiếng Anh - CVT) Open cloze exercises (136 pages)

Fb/chuyentienganhcvt Compiled by Chuyên Tiếng Anh - CVT
KEY
1
1. Unlike 2. member 3. together 4. rest 5. in 6. other 7. collect 8. that 9.

into 10. after 11. hatched 12. with 13. male 14. such 15. span 16. During 17.
laid 18. When 19. over 20. latter
1. whom 2. stop/bother 3. away 4. to 5. in 6. snowing 7. which 8. face 9.

its 10. look 11. were 12. out 13. late 14. driver 15. time 16. safety 17.
onto 18. picked 19. home 20. one
1. full 2. saw 3. used 4. mine 5. out 6. take 7. rid 8. on 9. something 10.

as 11. have 12. out 13. it 14. on 15. in 16. air 17. up 18. together 19.
broken 20. now
1. one 2. goes 3. when 4. crying 5. face 6. to 7. so 8. sorry 9. up/forward 10.

turned 11. saw 12. on 13. For 14. fast 15. came 16. inside 17. with 18.
down 19. up 20. like
1. weighing 2. one 3. same 4. wife 5. about/on 6. not 7. believe 8. on 9.

find 10. inserted 11. sound 12. later 13. read 14. talented 15. every 16.
of 17. when 18. Wherever 19. for 20. wrong
1. sight 2. an 3. to 4. with 5. time 6. too 7. for 8. in 9. with 10. required 11.

of 12. both 13. mind 14. as 15. placed 16. another 17. because/for 18.
other 19. on 20. after
87
Source: Englishdaily626
1. from 2. after 3. to 4. for 5. over 6. refused 7. hands 8. and 9. again 10.

still 11. behind/after 12. nap/sleep 13. wanted 14. pinched 15. up 16. to 17.
from 18. with 19. since 20. happen
1. that 2. along 3. Before 4. visit 5. from 6. of 7. by 8. me 9. to 10.

showing/having 11. stay 12. with 13. reading 14. and 15. bored 16. also 17.
too/by 18. returned 19. as 20. worth
1. but 2. work 3. at 4. escape/avoid 5. group 6. When 7. sip 8. content 9.

fallen 10. woke 11. himself 12. made 13. more 14. anyone 15. did 16.
dressed 17. down 18. grown 19. making 20. to
10
1. blowing 2. drops 3. from 4. mind 5. better 6. sun 7. feeling 8. when 9.

practising 10. since 11. against 12. by 13. scored 14. score 15. past 16.
kick 17. get 18. heavily 19. across 20. through/down
11
1. rainy 2. for 3. when 4. for 5. there 6. all 7. from 8. to 9. found 10.

pains 11. warm 12. over 13. collecting 14. their 15. is 16. themselves 17.
duration/rest 18. till 19. most 20. unusual
12
1. of 2. which 3. source 4. survive 5. out 6. top 7. on 8. while 9. off 10.

felt 11. past 12. other 13. up 14. built 15. round 16. who 17. them 18.
all 19. down 20. near
13
1. heard 2. voice/scream 3. For 4. of 5. started 6. along 7. reached 8. see 9.

way 10. Lying 11. with 12. out 13. feel 14. through 15. back 16. thought 17.
camera 18. not 19. late 20. save
14
88
1. set 2. into 3. use 4. like 5. in 6. clothes 7. without 8. no 9. from/off 10.

money 11. on 12. back 13. few 14. said 15. told 16. if 17. down 18.
waste 19. faults 20. spent
15
1. doing 2. calling 3. here 4. It 5. whether/if 6. because/as 7. represented 8.

on 9. After 10. out 11. poor 12. by 13. cast 14. keep/catch 15. trying 16.
longer 17. an 18. without 19. amount 20. determined
16
1. think 2. true 3. from 4. for 5. up 6. into 7. while 8. dropped 9. in 10.

left 11. serve 12. next 13. with 14. it 15. delicious 16. found 17. asked 18.
means 19. onwards 20. the
17
1. there 2. during 3. direction 4. answers 5. under 6. of 7. busy 8. at 9.

sent 10. up 11. to 12. stop 13. here 14. turned 15. herself 16. cheating 17.
towards 18. sound 19. up 20. burst
18
1. hour 2. thought 3. unless 4. face 5. kill 6. wore 7. covered 8. off 9.

where 10. at 11. anything 12. hands 13. run 14. changed 15. do 16.
before 17. throat 18. laughed 19. end 20. heard
19
1. out 2. between 3. on 4. cause 5. because 6. and 7. because 8. who 9.

take 10. spread 11. feet 12. parts 13. Although 14. can 15. for 16. keep 17.
when 18. as 19. more 20. stop
20
1. when 2. turned 3. over 4. with 5. myself 6. Having 7. wrong 8. poured 9.

up 10. over 11. in 12. near 13. seemed 14. stopped 15. next 16. learn 17.
still 18. of 19. rather 20. finishes
21
89
1. already 2. were 3. on 4. himself 5. servants 6. at 7. in 8. net 9. eyes 10.

that 11. rich 12. true 13. mind 14. boat 15. weight 16. too 17. into 18.
continued 19. sank 20. with
22
1. As 2. work 3. collected 4. money 5. himself 6. one 7. what 8. showed 9.

understand 10. on 11. After 12. for 13. first 14. was 15. could 16.
allowed 17. career 18. such 19. throughout 20. adults
23
1. which 2. important 3. wear 4. and 5. travelling 6. Without 7. also 8. the 9.

along 10. only 11. road 12. on 13. pieces 14. way 15. off 16. thought 17.
from 18. to 19. against 20. down
24
1. challenge 2. sent 3. against 4. lost 5. made 6. versa 7. dared 8. King 9.

win 10. because/for 11. by 12. fight 13. with 14. such 15. big 16.
but/except 17. by 18. hit 19. into 20. with
25
1. him 2. As 3. in 4. for 5. learn 6. books 7. each 8. reached 9. beginning 10.

easier 11. came/originated 12. made 13. communicate 14. use 15. rid 16.
based 17. by 18. much 19. came 20. blind
26
1. spend 2. realise 3. not 4. took 5. for 6. kept 7. that 8. back 9. down 10.
to 11. telling 12. remembered 13. pair 14. drawn 15. after 16. too 17.
gone 18. just 19. bear 20. out/away
27
1. decorated 2. along 3. most 4. with 5. are 6. and 7. which 8. end 9.

platform 10. with 11. three 12. participants/contestants 13. up 14. off 15.
all 16. line 17. cheer 18. take 19. receive 20. winners
28
90
1. up 2. before 3. find 4. who 5. of 6. there 7. washed 8. are 9. if 10.

shoulders 11. open 12. gone 13. on 14. now 15. leave 16. how 17. took 18.
out 19. order 20. more
29
1. if 2. who 3. one 4. deals 5. type 6. their 7. bother 8. when 9. time 10.

with 11. these 12. put 13. end 14. altogether 15. from 16. hopes 17.
towards 18. matter/offence 19. Under 20. abusing/ill-treating.
30
1. before 2. who 3. same 4. at 5. in 6. recognise 7. different 8. an 9.

used 10. smelled 11. wore 12. high 13. heard 14. as 15. breath 16. know 17.
hurry 18. waiting 19. away 20. felt
31
1. have 2. saw 3. knew 4. was 5. least 6. placed 7. waited 8. order 9.

decided 10. took 11. before 12. served 13. for/upon 14. heads 15. that 16.
listening 17. into 18. out 19. but 20. continue
32
1. of 2. most 3. Everyone 4. for 5. given 6. with 7. better 8. challenge 9.

When 10. dared 11. at 12. In 13. Both 14. speed 15. completed 16. far 17.
lost 18. your 19. changed 20. able
33
1. whose 2. landed 3. with 4. ended 5. into 6. As 7. to 8. in 9. same 10.

taking 11. lived 12. back 13. was 14. recovered 15. out 16. promised 17.
back 18. destroyed 19. who 20. of
34
1. place 2. one 3. in 4. fall 5. quiet 6. find 7. instead 8. set 9. aim 10.

when 11. hard 12. period 13. yourself 14. while 15. feel 16. lose 17. take 18.
on 19. lift 20. soothe
35
91
1. all 2. likely 3. spreads 4. When 5. hands 6. on 7. or 8. these 9.

prevent 10. advice 11. so 12. no 13. cure 14. better 15. get 16. from 17.
plenty 18. yourself 19. drink 20. and
36
1. pair 2. thin 3. had 4. where 5. around 6. before 7. anyone 8. with 9.

beyond 10. explained 11. help 12. into 13. caught 14. on 15. as 16. down 17.
its 18. lost 19. to 20. from
37
1. about 2. take 3. landed 4. missed 5. with 6. tell 7. all 8. well 9.

dishonest 10. fair 11. end 12. low 13. already 14. told 15. heart 16.
would 17. returned 18. scored 19. full 20. now
38
1. little 2. do/live 3. periods 4. to 5. One 6. Like 7. through 8. down 9.

other/some 10. by 11. During 12. from 13. into 14. and 15.
returns/comes/arrives 16. well 17. example 18. stored 19. include 20. all
39
1. made 2. out 3. racked 4. up 5. lesson 6. time 7. only 8. able 9. more 10.

for 11. with 12. agreed 13. passed 14. on 15. kept 16. since 17. changing 18.
of 19. that 20. at
40
1. end 2. much 3. look 4. shown 5. contains 6. cause 7. make 8. all 9. in 10.

produce 11. down 12. by 13. possible 14. for 15. with 16. If 17. between 18.
and 19. times 20. apply
41
1. have 2. weigh 3. hope 4. feeling 5. recorded 6. height 7. for 8. herself 9.

about 10. since 11. something 12. stopped 13. difficult/hard 14. up 15.
ready 16. found 17. loose 18. sew 19. voice 20. off
42
92
1. near 2. is 3. off 4. produce 5. out 6. cause 7. into 8. before 9. gives 10.

doing 11. When 12. to 13. still 14. ready 15. legs 16. on 17. know 18.
make 19. in 20. life
43
1. on 2. far 3. for 4. twice 5. either 6. shade 7. fell 8. Ahead 9. up 10.

back 11. put 12. up 13. than 14. though 15. with 16. finished 17. of 18.
before 19. into 20. with
44
1. In 2. said 3. known 4. around 5. reports/people 6. from 7. and 8. Does 9.

one 10. Ever 11. watch 12. catch 13. In 14. photograph 15. out 16. from 17.
is 18. days 19. out 20. adapt
45
1. with 2. around 3. though/but 4. same 5. weapons 6. or 7. tell 8. did 9.

so 10. becomes 11. both 12. himself 13. have 14. up 15. who 16. into 17.
down 18. of 19. became 20. fell
46
1. such 2. family 3. in 4. when 5. sent 6. pay 7. experience 8. after 9.

story 10. own 11. character 12. of 13. an 14. background 15. like 16. for 17.
through 18. much 19. in 20. today
47
1. for 2. left 3. later 4. entered 5. except 6. key 7. summon 8. close 9.

knew 10. times 11. only 12. fell 13. were 14. report 15. to 16.
remembered 17. there 18. ashamed 19. of 20. once
48
1. other 2. for 3. length 4. looks 5. legs 6. never 7. easily 8. by 9. stays 10.

feeds 11. with 12. gives 13. poses 14. by 15. skin 16. run 17. faster 18.
into 19. with 20. until
49
93
1. being 2. on 3. into 4. let 5. to 6. first 7. back 8. presence 9. sound 10.

When 11. top 12. laughter 13. down 14. not 15. If 16. class 17. stopped 18.
own 19. word 20. at
50
1. There 2. away 3. feel/get 4. thinking 5. without 6. makes 7. start 8. of 9.

Why 10. hungry 11. juices 12. causes 13. satisfy 14. on 15. is 16. eat 17.
plays 18. called 19. this 20. when
51
1. of 2. opposite 3. after 4. surprising 5. had 6. among 7. but 8. anyone 9.

as 10. because 11. On 12. begged 13. marry 14. listen 15. itself 16.
nowhere 17. for 18. either 19. dead 20. floating
52
1. into 2. by 3. natural 4. fire 5. new 6. over 7. why 8. who 9. from 10.

easier 11. takes 12. exposed 13. handles 14. hat 15. sting 16. avoid 17.
bees 18. into 19. collecting 20. again
53
1. face 2. wearing 3. which 4. hand 5. to 6. before 7. direction 8. enter 9.

by 10. no 11. felt 12. Never 13. such 14. over 15. sound 16. tried 17.
who 18. ago 19. it 20. at
54
1. inform 2. bring 3. permission 4. dress 5. sore 6. else 7. what 8. During 9.

offering 10. would 11. happen 12. anyone 13. try 14. to 15. with 16.
breaking 17. yourself 18. Before 19. If 20. up
55
1. goes 2. knocking 3. pressed 4. with 5. explain 6. shut 7. behind 8.

despite 9. kind 10. Feeling 11. time 12. let 13. showed 14. this 15. asked 16.
After 17. buy 18. give 19. up 20. What
56
94
1. through 2. out 3. like 4. onto 5. suck 6. sounds 7. bitten 8. off 9. fill 10.
used 11. from 12. try 13. before 14. because 15. stops/prevents 16.
process 17. you 18. at 19. carry/have 20. go
57
1. after 2. pillow 3. wink 4. Although 5. over 6. feeling 7. myself 8. sleep 9.

reading 10. through 11. aside 12. eyes 13. with 14. make 15. resorted 16.
Despite 17. Although 18. heard 19. grew 20. doze
58
1. feed 2. sick 3. only 4. amount 5. solve 6. done 7. poorest 8. with 9.

known 10. out 11. made 12. stay 13. needed 14. help 15. by 16. taught 17.
keep 18. except 19. given 20. began/started
59
1. unusual 2. length 3. afraid 4. looked 5. that 6. allow 7. put 8. up 9.

around 10. not 11. feel 12. with 13. needed/required 14. average 15. like 16.
for 17. short 18. took 19. in 20. died
60
1. preparing 2. especially 3. forward 4. gather 5. before 6. cats 7. had 8.

when 9. don't 10. busy 11. threw 12. of 13. away 14. something 15. over 16.
so 17. on 18. As 19. for 20. out
61
1. goes 2. say 3. last 4. bake 5. talk 6. take 7. happening 8. watch 9. out 10.
than 11. granted 12. lives 13. need 14. friends 15. because 16. just 17.
realizes 18. family 19. actions 20. are
62
1. for 2. on 3. walking 4. by 5. introduced 6. accused 7. opened 8.

say/utter 9. searching 10. so 11. innocence 12. out 13. tag 14.
remembered/recalled 15. into 16. it 17. see 18. Unlike 19. make 20. let
63
95
1. known 2. attack 3. which 4. inside 5. of 6. between 7. also 8. for 9.

never 10. perform 11. toward 12. remains 13. its 14. have 15. form 16.
backs 17. would 18. of 19. to 20. are
64
1. job 2. keeping 3. in 4. all 5. with 6. usual 7. saying 8. down 9.

holding/carrying 10. have 11. question 12. must/could 13. each/every 14.
Much 15. during 16. again 17. low 18. in 19. grew 20. money
65
1. back 2. far 3. hold 4. in 5. pit 6. and 7. winners 8. days 9. Although 10.

prize 11. treated 12. given 13. from 14. Since 15. every 16. against 17.
set 18. exception 19. when 20. because
66
1. for 2. surprise 3. suspicious 4. followed 5. through 6. jumped 7. smoking 8.

up 9. In 10. each 11. till 12. in 13. face 14. punishing 15. came 16. then 17.
near 18. together 19. red 20. size
67
1. celebrate 2. in 3. come 4. both 5. at 6. game 7. made 8. filled 9. with 10.

begins 11. place 12. each 13. given 14. best 15. later 16. out 17. down 18.
about 19. possible 20. around
68
1. hold 2. far 3. against 4. at 5. Right 6. this 7. times 8. left 9. consisted 10.

also 11. turn 12. need/have 13. feat 14. with 15. missed 16. win 17.
more 18. chance 19. breath 20. was
69
1. had 2. visit 3. must 4. that 5. in 6. one 7. tomb 8. for 9. To 10. of 11.

during 12. death 13. dies 14. with 15. preserve 16. from 17. buried 18.
provide 19. go 20. meal
70
96
1. shone 2. off 3. in 4. came 5. its 6. Somebody/Someone 7. Take 8.

around 9. open 10. taking 11. climbing 12. bites 13. than 14. towards 15.
free 16. but 17. break 18. for 19. too 20. less
71
1. if 2. at 3. on 4. fit 5. own 6. little 7. ever 8. from 9. responding 10.

while 11. towards 12. itself 13. get 14. habit 15. same 16. When 17. gone 18.
let 19. onto 20. with
72
1. along 2. breeze 3. what 4. Out 5. onto 6. back 7. move 8. reached 9.

away 10. sand 11. in 12. to 13. hole 14. for 15. covering 16. eggs 17.
time 18. from 19. sea 20. too
73
1. stores 2. up 3. from 4. health 5. sign 6. cannot 7. the 8. in 9. that 10.

at 11. which 12. start 13. keep 14. man 15. makes 16. its 17. without 18.
time 19. to 20. wonder
74
1. While 2. made 3. quench 4. back 5. framed 6. by 7. ever 8. kiss 9.

water 10. upon 11. only 12. see 13. must 14. fall 15. in 16. reflection 17.
jumped 18. drowned 19. if 20. himself
75
1. won 2. Would 3. around 4. deposit/put 5. on 6. life 7. put 8. building 9.

donated 10. these 11. joy 12. example 13. for 14. schools 15. fulfil 16.
Though 17. what 18. still 19. part 20. other
76
1. children 2. off 3. felt 4. longer 5. clouds 6. approaching 7. flashing 8.

who 9. shelter 10. clump 11. safe 12. about 13. during 14. conductor 15.
water 16. that 17. thing 18. tall 19. struck 20. lie
77
97
1. the 2. learning 3. What 4. small 5. putting 6. form 7. While 8. about 9.

used 10. pass 11. shapes 12. kept 13. more 14. pieces 15. want 16.
need/require 17. piece 18. onto 19. how 20. done
78
1. wished 2. true 3. how 4. program 5. At 6. who 7. declared 8. away 9.

receive 10. addition 11. get 12. future 13. any 14. provide 15. are 16. for 17.
fit 18. your 19. if 20. miss
79
1. out 2. majority 3. performing 4. using 5. include 6. this 7. means 8.

exactly 9. one 10. from 11. place 12. to 13. well 14. two 15. with 16.
hand 17. that 18. true 19. it 20. whatever
80
1. one 2. in 3. played 4. looks 5. only 6. but 7. after 8. bite 9. that 10.

ask 11. again 12. by 13. condition 14. turn 15. from 16. resist 17. before 18.
set 19. never 20. for
81
1. waste 2. causes 3. are 4. water 5. same 6. one 7. into 8. from 9. after 10.
is 11. and 12. contain 13. to 14. onto 15. addition 16. result 17. who 18.
at 19. poured 20. prevent
82
1. down 2. thunder 3. followed 4. drops 5. at 6. to 7. reached 8. off 9.

wind 10. myself 11. them 12. by 13. these 14. happening 15. where 16.
up 17. ground 18. caused 19. about 20. shelter
83
1. that 2. called/named 3. make 4. hung 5. everyone 6. obey 7. dared 8. to 9.

past 10. act/display/show 11. commanded/ordered 12. placed/put 13. If 14.
free 15. away 16. took 17. held 18. split 19. left 20. in 21. why 22. two 23.
only 24. in 25. missed
98
84
1. most 2. walked 3. looking 4. lead 5. round 6. at 7. spoken 8. the 9.

posed 10. but 11. nod 12. just 13. rest 14. time 15. at 16. indeed/really 17.
did 18. holder 19. Although 20. showed 21. before 22. defeated 23. After 24.
look 25. shook
85
1. answer 2. because 3. other 4. more 5. with 6. during 7. to 8. likely 9.

be 10. experience 11. give 12. occurs/happens 13. too 14. about 15. his 16.
down 17. when 18. most 19. day 20. and 21. to 22. themselves 23.
had/made 24. One 25. who
86
1. middle 2. barking 3. at 4. hands 5. heard 6. out 7. alone 8. investigate 9.

As 10. could 11. night 12. wild 13. mind 14. into 15. such 16. changed 17.
Instead 18. under 19. mouth 20. there 21. voice 22. with 23. home 24.
expected 25. given
87
1. represent 2. consists 3. day 4. besides 5. event 6. sounded 7. carry 8.

came 9. on 10. placings 11. single 12. but 13. heart 14. down 15. him 16.
was 17. could 18. even 19. who 20. number 21. is 22. in 23. This 24.
most 25. proud
88
1. answer 2. because 3. other 4. more 5. with 6. during 7. to 8. likely 9.

be 10. experience 11. give 12. occurs/happens 13. too 14. about 15. his 16.
down 17. when 18. most 19. day 20. and 21. to 22. themselves 23.
had/made 24. One 25. who
89
1. ringing 2. news 3. destroyed 4. was 5. living 6. was 7. which 8. incur 9.

enough 10. back 11. other 12. however 13. get 14. his 15. practice 16. of 17.
start 18. across 19. another 20. print 21. became 22. occasions 23. over 24.
If 25. likely
99
90
1. Since 2. considered 3. did 4. during 5. became 6. adapted 7. resembles 8.

has/retains 9. between 10. born 11. hatched 12. on 13. other 14. itself 15.
that 16. through 17. instead 18. found 19. closed 20. from 21. out 22.
This 23. see 24. grow 25. the
91
1. turn 2. down 3. decided 4. up 5. way 6. anything 7. must 8. instead 9.

opened 10. to 11. of 12. no 13. offer 14. into 15. felt 16. senses 17.
together 18. Although 19. hear 20. amount 21. collect 22. down 23.
realized 24. ransom 25. release/free
92
1. help 2. whether/if 3. not 4. tells 5. occur 6. beat 7. also 8. become 9.

task/job 10. would 11. over 12. are 13. as/because 14. rate 15. on 16.
conducting 17. what 18. with 19. questions 20. to 21. help 22. the 23.
are 24. two 25. do
93
1. no 2. Known 3. for 4. be 5. did 6. opinion 7. from 8. others 9.

considered 10. as 11. knows 12. undergone 13. times 14. still 15. possible 16.
that 17. regarded 18. lose 19. already 20. board 21. only 22.
throughout/around 23. written 24. old 25. part
94
1. over 2. looking 3. cook 4. gave 5. or 6. reached 7. go 8. yourselves 9.

back 10. In 11. air 12. with 13. for 14. what 15. not 16. either 17. be 18.
into 19. each 20. same 21. fed 22. Did 23. yes 24. hear 25. no
95
1. There 2. have 3. and 4. Of 5. throughout 6. resembles 7. what 8.

growing 9. lives 10. In 11. claimed 12. properties 13. into 14. cure 15.
also 16. detect 17. ever 18. only 19. herself 20. on 21. really 22. as 23.
proof/evidence 24. mistaken 25. with
100
96
1. going 2. was 3. gave 4. number 5. silent 6. One 7. while 8. preparing 9.

then 10. really 11. called 12. saying 13. get 14. louder 15. no 16. grew 17.
try 18. Once 19. question 20. that 21. into 22. wrong 23. didn't 24.
whether 25. From
97
1. been 2. for 3. cases 4. such 5. dies 6. parts 7. time 8. If 9. in 10.

chance 11. example 12. way 13. that/which 14. found 15. or 16. already 17.
these 18. be 19. take 20. in 21. through 22. earth 23. tell 24. know 25. from
98
1. year 2. play 3. doing 4. most 5. with 6. unusually 7. top 8. any 9.

there 10. relief 11. to 12. them 13. One 14. with 15. changed 16. on 17.
none 18. away 19. any 20. before 21. end 22. with 23. left 24. ever 25. on
99
1. referred 2. their 3. as 4. time 5. into 6. nothing 7. out 8. who 9. only 10.

to 11. Both 12. for 13. In 14. may 15. they 16. grieve 17. die 18.
because 19. through 20. during 21. ones 22. such 23. from 24. own 25.
harmony/peace
100
1. on 2. there 3. felt 4. piece 5. bent 6. from 7. note 8. Let's 9. money 10.

where 11. think 12. wonder 13. in 14. only 15. must 16. all 17. if 18. us 19.
should 20. ought 21. the 22. about 23. member 24. while 25. blew
101
1. looked 2. sport 3. good 4. After 5. along 6. off 7. where 8. come 9.

else 10. own 11. for 12. and 13. either 14. When 15. open 16. caught 17.
back 18. shoulders 19. home 20. read
102
101
1. visit 2. there 3. all 4. found 5. that 6. with 7. there 8. only 9. herds 10.
located 11. of 12. it 13. inhabited 14. place 15. If 16. one 17. through 18.
all 19. and 20. which
103
1. not 2. found 3. length 4. are 5. like 6. away 7. of 8. These 9. live 10.

such 11. out 12. will 13. and 14. someone 15. than 16. with 17. which 18.
in 19. consists 20. eating
104
1. When 2. system 3. on 4. In 5. attention 6. of 7. about 8. was 9.

awarded 10. take 11. play 12. of 13. live 14. become 15. out 16. about 17.
the 18. have 19. remembered 20. well
105
1. during 2. especially 3. most 4. lives 5. of 6. nod 7. up 8.

usual/regular/normal 9. with 10. play 11. do 12. may 13. not 14. years 15.
out 16. have 17. over 18. more 19. ends 20. for
106
1. when 2. were 3. by 4. an 5. from 6. smell/stench 7. like 8. your 9.

away 10. close 11. contains 12. other 13. down 14. by 15. out 16. One 17.
of 18. on 19. from 20. by
107
1. on 2. as 3. through 4. could 5. under 6. that 7. by 8. to 9. of 10.

consists 11. also 12. in 13. today 14. life 15. with 16. own 17. as 18. this 19.
work 20. the
108
1. of 2. among 3. whose 4. enemies 5. men 6. occasions 7. make 8. by 9.

their 10. however 11. are 12. to 13. claim 14. stand/are 15. themselves 16.
so 17. necessary 18. with 19. other 20. and
109
102
1. will 2. there 3. out 4. center 5. During 6. ranged 7. opened 8. people 9.

shopping 10. mood 11. most 12. itself 13. prices 14. off 15. celebrate 16.
this 17. at 18. had 19. reasons 20. under
110
1. When 2. off 3. his 4. himself 5. onto 6. looked 7. of 8. life 9. in 10.

character 11. received 12. sent 13. was 14. out 15. again 16. their 17.
one 18. without 19. like 20. were
111
1. as 2. looks 3. ears 4. noise 5. because 6. portrayed 7. in 8. have 9.

that 10. run 11. more 12. do/perform 13. to 14. same 15. man 16. times 17.
means 18. given 19. fact 20. entered
112
1. broke 2. time 3. This 4. which 5. to 6. in 7. Conditions 8. spread 9.

quickly 10. on 11. these 12. or 13. were 14. so 15. died 16. Because 17.
willing 18. live 19. allowed 20. of
113
1. how 2. about 3. only 4. In 5. while 6. could 7. color 8. and 9. one's 10.

from 11. to 12. that 13. lines 14. poor 15. the 16. of 17. true 18.
affordable 19. buy 20. as
114
1. by 2. only 3. in 4. with 5. When 6. into 7. on 8. their 9. as 10. protect 11.

during 12. silk 13. kill 14. together 15. may 16. make 17. understand 18.
so 19. imagine 20. just
115
1. These 2. wherever 3. and 4. no 5. their 6. do 7. ways 8. resemble 9.

since/as 10. only 11. Although 12. make 13. however 14. purpose 15.
from 16. others 17. other 18. food 19. cause 20. of
116
103
1. not 2. had 3. before 4. common 5. up 6. on 7. all 8. them 9. kinds 10.

as 11. sale 12. seek 13. over 14. was 15. between 16. atmosphere 17.
pieces 18. myself 19. although 20. in
117
1. by 2. inventor 3. brought 4. how 5. in 6. while 7. spent 8. use 9.

through 10. money 11. from 12. person 13. for 14. fields/areas 15. most 16.
the 17. who 18. promote 19. One 20. received
118
1. how 2. night 3. in 4. asleep 5. someone 6. time 7. beat 8. out 9. able 10.

eye 11. aloud 12. voice 13. felt 14. dared 15. case 16. on 17. hands 18.
think 19. from 20. single
119
1. in 2. lot 3. level 4. past 5. leaving 6. higher 7. majority 8. something 9.

have 10. areas 11. There 12. much 13. as 14. them 15. no 16. for 17.
What 18. not 19. about 20. never
120
1. how 2. feel 3. problem 4. up 5. for 6. have 7. and 8. Instead 9. leave 10.

because 11. play 12. even 13. of 14. example/instance 15. either 16. open 17.
during 18. With 19. off 20. taken
121
1. known 2. Even 3. because 4. from 5. through 6. As 7. at 8. several 9.

of 10. into 11. fresh 12. by 13. found 14. without 15. used 16. for 17.
sold 18. types 19. under 20. is
122
1. for 2. sure/going 3. into 4. rubbed 5. with 6. fell 7. call 8. every 9.

because 10. are 11. when 12. talk 13. makes 14. pretend 15. for 16.
afraid 17. think 18. fit 19. pretending 20. lot
123
104
1. seen 2. When 3. to 4. or 5. sight 6. explanation 7. spend 8. These/Such 9.

worse 10. like 11. to 12. get 13. lose 14. meal 15. kinds 16. also 17.
needs 18. from 19. make 20. to
124
1. located 2. would 3. with 4. being 5. whole/entire 6. seen/found 7. up 8.

grow 9. Instead 10. each/every 11. visit 12. around 13. by 14. and 15.
ideal 16. between 17. held 18. two 19. on 20. place
125
1. on 2. was 3. one 4. taken 5. here 6. doing 7. subjects 8. pays 9. Since 10.

apologize 11. You 12. been 13. can't 14. if 15. happened 16. hope 17.
more 18. even 19. example 20. hear
126
1. No 2. much 3. when 4. the 5. was 6. of 7. search 8. little 9. into 10.

These 11. with 12. so 13. in 14. better 15. to 16. take 17. against 18.
way 19. regardless 20. enjoy
127
1. feeling 2. so 3. tried 4. running 5. of 6. used 7. get 8. had 9. rest 10.

give 11. time 12. at 13. feel 14. decided 15. in 16. apologized 17. talk 18.
well 19. made 20. to
128
1. at 2. of 3. do 4. exercise 5. again 6. carries 7. feel 8. well 9. do 10.

ways 11. caused 12. when 13. get 14. overcome 15. that 16. for 17.
prefers 18. work 19. by 20. part
129
1. city 2. there 3. what 4. at 5. in 6. around 7. food 8. live 9. when 10.

studying 11. through 12. in 13. down 14. of 15. threat 16. To 17. over 18.
its 19. whose 20. present/gift
130
105
1. offers 2. addition 3. number 4. waiting 5. in 6. watch 7. On 8.

customers 9. to 10. the 11. first 12. at 13. money 14. proved 15. as 16.
up 17. has 18. sends 19. all 20. give
131
1. to 2. officer 3. heading 4. filled 5. waited 6. spend 7. forward 8. been 9.

After 10. able 11. view 12. off 13. who 14. gave 15. out 16. From 17.
that 18. like 19. with 20. yet
132
1. happens 2. of 3. used 4. can 5. ground 6. plants 7. as 8. obtained 9.

for 10. added 11. ingredient 12. make 13. purposes/applications 14. till 15.
After 16. left 17. even 18. from 19. have 20. would
133
1. idea 2. fill 3. put 4. how 5. in 6. shape 7. out 8. finger 9. towards 10.

ice 11. above 12. sunk 13. time 14. too 15. safety 16. part 17. made 18.
with 19. under 20. avoided
134
1. Earth 2. used 3. last 4. ago 5. out 6. young 7. with 8. The 9. such 10.
list 11. number 12. hunting 13. in 14. posed 15. towards 16. being 17. As 18.
move 19. their 20. before
135
1. period/time 2. between 3. spend 4. times 5. allowed/permitted 6. past 7.

will 8. are 9. month 10. pay 11. aid 12. with 13. on 14. one 15.
occasion/celebration 16. join/participate 17. events 18. and 19. these 20.
festivals
136
1. are 2. for 3. of 4. ruled 5. how 6. enemies 7. out 8. protect 9. over 10.

used 11. because 12. victim's 13. Under 14. killed 15. became 16.
between 17. defeated 18. over 19. working 20. which
106
137
1. Throughout 2. pranks 3. One 4. the 5. inviting 6. supposed 7. at 8. take 9.

for 10. was 11. all 12. realize 13. victims 14. played 15. showed 16.
gathering 17. taken 18. occur 19. product 20. grow
138
1. is 2. around 3. taught 4. with 5. such 6. other 7. considered 8. instead 9.

lie 10. but 11. grow 12. countries 13. food 14. would 15. in 16. To 17.
example 18. see/consider 19. condemn 20. should
139
1. against 2. outside 3. feel 4. if 5. On 6. about 7. along 8. when 9. over 10.

stopped 11. Where 12. from 13. in 14. of 15. like 16. through 17. If 18.
because 19. the 20. so
140
1. sky 2. off 3. wished 4. but 5. in 6. before 7. watch 8. for 9. feet 10.

at 11. give 12. of 13. out 14. her 15. because 16. here 17. Thoughts 18.
on 19. shone 20. into
141
1. its 2. ago 3. fought 4. during/in 5. rose 6. best 7. As 8. because 9. that 10.

in 11. protected 12. across 13. part 14. overlooked 15. held 16. become 17.
battle 18. In 19. at 20. from
142
1. monkey 2. areas 3. found 4. nature 5. among 6. between 7. over 8. so 9.

death 10. anything 11. hunt/search 12. and 13. teeth 14. not 15. thought 16.
all 17. next 18. out 19. recognize 20. reason
143
1. on 2. of 3. be 4. only 5. the 6. and 7. combinations 8. have 9. person 10.

between 11. you 12. tell 13. along 14. who 15. with 16. if 17. little 18.
for 19. exceptions 20. people
107
144
1. tell 2. holidays 3. have 4. what 5. keeping 6. weight 7. shed 8. ideal 9.

least 10. over 11. watching 12. down 13. hard 14. stop 15. between 16.
Instead 17. when 18. on 19. following 20. continue
145
1. taught 2. in 3. led 4. voice 5. of 6. conducive 7. decided 8. became 9.

Together 10. with 11. of 12. only 13. not 14. that 15. possible 16. hours 17.
inside 18. succeeded 19. from 20. on
146
1. concentrate 2. hers 3. set 4. voice 5. to 6. instead 7. end 8. last 9.

herself 10. song 11. heard 12. reply 13. drowned 14. once 15. open 16.
was 17. with 18. eyed 19. What 20. in
147
1. art 2. times 3. keeps 4. control 5. with 6. learn 7. last 8. conflict 9. an 10.

exponents 11. to 12. of 13. Without 14. soon 15. many 16. results 17. on 18.
Due 19. through 20. its
148
1. can 2. When 3. into 4. its 5. done 6. much 7. not 8. only 9. for 10. on 11.
by 12. out 13. prevent 14. presence 15. being 16. to 17. wearing 18.
instead 19. visit 20. scents
149
1. asked 2. promised 3. down 4. all 5. time 6. from 7. conversation 8. join 9.

Thanks 10. for 11. at 12. over 13. sight 14. and 15. seemed 16. returned 17.
for 18. span 19. left 20. come
150
1. capable 2. within 3. than 4. of 5. like 6. other 7. for 8. the 9. because 10.

become 11. being 12. lost 13. say 14. put/placed 15. think 16. our 17.
are 18. of 19. due 20. If
108
151
1. whatever 2. below 3. found 4. on 5. gave 6. not 7. towards 8. used 9.

in 10. into 11. cause 12. after 13. away 14. tied 15. into 16. began 17.
surface 18. As 19. itself 20. with
152
1. every 2. Some 3. forgotten 4. what 5. about 6. night 7. during 8. spent 9.

dream 10. something 11. in 12. yourself 13. after 14. these 15. room 16.
on 17. known 18. that 19. air/sky 20. accepted
153
1. in 2. From/Since 3. worked 4. contented/satisfied 5. What 6. lands 7.

went/embarked 8. dared 9. and 10. was 11. any 12. by 13. became 14.
from 15. when 16. threatened 17. of 18. In 19. than 20. had
154
1. with 2. our 3. attached 4. on 5. are 6. in 7. on 8. rays 9.

items/appliances 10. contain 11. allows 12. rise 13. because 14. melt 15.
and 16. flooded 17. people 18. if 19. why 20. against
155
1. head 2. most 3. joined 4. with 5. up 6. possible 7. participating 8. began 9.

first 10. down 11. no 12. By 13. so 14. taste 15. make 16. middle 17.
completed 18. Much 19. emerged 20. one
156
1. has 2. created 3. Both 4. who 5. than 6. in 7. gave 8. explaining 9. In 10.

what 11. of 12. attention 13. adults 14. for 15. feature 16. There 17. this 18.
like 19. not 20. well
157
1. went 2. wandering 3. Out 4. incident 5. for 6. honor 7. out 8. This 9.

cakes 10. inventor/creator/maker 11. after 12. onwards 13. originated 14.
made 15. especially 16. like 17. decided 18. and 19. being 20. make
109
158
1. about 2. writers 3. imagine 4. planet 5. this 6. just 7. other 8. such 9.

for 10. found 11. amount 12. discovered 13. looked 14. that 15. exist 16.
who 17. trace 18. take 19. and 20. by
159
1. as 2. found 3. countries 4. teeth 5. instilled 6. time 7. during 8. belief 9.

kill 10. off 11. cannot 12. designed 13. eats 14. allows 15. food 16. meet 17.
grown 18. in 19. skin 20. made
160
1. themselves 2. known 3. it 4. predators 5. look 6. process 7. mistake 8.

changes 9. blend 10. still 11. difficult 12. hide 13. of 14. into 15. that 16.
resembles 17. avoid 18. ways 19. have 20. when
161
1. for 2. audience 3. ourselves 4. feel 5. of 6. to 7. sing 8. along 9. in 10.

and 11. example/instance 12. into 13. their 14. into 15. From 16. able 17.
learn 18. it 19. suited 20. in
162
1. run 2. hours 3. bed 4. means 5. can 6. about 7. others 8. against 9. up 10.

make 11. easy/simple 12. being 13. is 14. take 15. runners 16. Whatever 17.
against 18. between 19. are 20. if
163
1. to 2. barely/hardly 3. that 4. within 5. sight 6. of 7. It 8. at 9. here 10.

parts 11. in 12. common 13. then 14. give 15. an 16. for 17. keep 18. off 19.
tired 20. more
164
1. to 2. place 3. by 4. There 5. arrived 6. was 7. ships 8. onto 9. island 10.

humans 11. live 12. and 13. or 14. tasted 15. out 16. upside 17. easily 18.
lay 19. ran 20. actions
110
165
1. operation 2. filled 3. into 4. time 5. not 6. comprising 7. other 8. worn 9.

transport 10. spares 11. hours 12. provides 13. at 14. introduction 15. use 16.
both 17. makes 18. joint 19. travel 20. past
166
1. help 2. till 3. When 4. around/round 5. who 6. from 7. never/cannot 8.

from 9. injure/harm 10. before 11. join 12. as 13. learn 14. With 15.
become 16. requires 17. himself 18. in 19. left/put/placed 20. If
167
1. at 2. over 3. voice 4. lives 5. fought 6. by 7. take 8. with 9. Those 10.

Under 11. surprising 12. used 13. left 14. were 15. know 16. keep 17.
died 18. in 19. off 20. why
168
1. There 2. give 3. from 4. people 5. that 6. too 7. help 8. eyesight 9.

need 10. form 11. means 12. Whenever 13. presence 14. is 15. as 16.
happens 17. gives 18. make 19. by 20. meal
169
1. homes 2. together 3. have 4. nursing 5. there 6. many 7. every 8.

nowhere 9. night 10. sick 11. spread 12. more 13. into 14. of 15. does 16.
hard 17. by 18. keeps 19. accustomed 20. and
170
1. managed 2. one 3. as 4. one 5. take 6. by 7. for 8. which 9. job/task 10.

conditions 11. when 12. Before 13. hard 14. breaks 15. into 16. it 17.
capacity 18. cry 19. used 20. sold
171
1. on 2. point 3. without 4. out 5. on 6. least 7. watching 8. away 9.

towards 10. held 11. end 12. so 13. forward 14. from 15. to 16. with 17.
flight 18. moment 19. fight 20. predators
111
172
1. occasions 2. purposes 3. out 4. cause 5. and 6. about 7. as 8.

questions/queries 9. dead 10. wore 11. qualities 12. which 13. on 14. with 15.
find 16. actors 17. example 18. which 19. different 20. saying
173
1. of 2. take 3. soon 4. can 5. Unlike 6. allow 7. even 8. times 9. catch 10.

easily 11. learns 12. kinds 13. instances/examples 14. which 15. friend 16.
is 17. ago 18. It 19. no 20. used
174
1. refers 2. manner 3. carried 4. kept 5. fed 6. every 7. with 8. soon 9. Through 10.
become 11. to 12. answer 13. study 14. ourselves 15. have 16. these 17. how 18.
This 19. marking/correcting 20. described
175
1. so 2. even 3. react 4. suffering 5. person 6. something 7. difficulty 8.

sense 9. because 10. presence 11. off 12. overcome 13. in 14. case 15.
with 16. from 17. danger 18. serious 19. into 20. fear
176
1. role 2. Whether 3. not 4. above 5. matter 6. Nobody 7. colors 8. proven 9.

by 10. of 11. This 12. to 13. have 14. associate 15. and 16. wear 17. nor 18.
ensure 19. clash 20. lives
177
1. most 2. should 3. lesson/lessons 4. on 5. you 6. to 7. success 8. not 9.

yourself 10. for 11. between 12. different 13. achieve 14. pieces 15. need 16.
fruits 17. towards 18. from 19. yet 20. use
178
1. in 2. thinks 3. thin 4. up 5. absorbed 6. how 7. result 8. deprive 9.

with 10. makes 11. just 12. weight 13. reason 14. sake 15. Apart 16.
accept 17. to 18. base 19. other 20. important
112
179
1. were 2. film 3. to 4. ticking 5. that 6. like 7. as 8. with 9. where 10.

through 11. Suddenly 12. enter 13. electricity 14. beat 15. sounding 16.
turned 17. ticking 18. room 19. with 20. followed
180
1. yet 2. either 3. into 4. accounts 5. lies 6. within 7. which 8. cope 9.

thing 10. treating 11. than 12. just/only 13. For 14. of 15. to 16. up 17.
about 18. amount 19. by 20. isn't
181
1. carefully 2. island 3. living 4. grows 5. pay 6. working 7. night 8. light 9.

each 10. life 11. last 12. survivors/victims 13. their 14. kept 15. missing 16.
common 17. members 18. all 19. next 20. fish
182
1. mere/very 2. becoming 3. for 4. more 5. eating 6. improves 7. increased 8.

with 9. either 10. soup
183
1. fat 2. different 3. little 4. weight 5. more 6. same 7. pinching 8. enough 9.

when 10. resist/refuse 11. but 12. other 13. like 14. playing 15. being 16.
need 17. source 18. thin 19. eat 20. between
184
1. stunts 2. opening 3. soldiers 4. litter 5. died 6. starred 7. ages 8. own 9.

enjoyed 10. made
185
1. her 2. litter 3. teams 4. around 5. throw 6. having 7. should 8. picked 9.

hands 10. bags 11. metal 12. easier 13. heard 14. saw 15. make 16. other 17.
printed 18. stand 19. caught 20. ashamed
186
113
1. any 2. clean 3. finished 4. plastic 5. behind 6. rode 7. ground 8.

anxiously 9. broken 10. incident/robbery
187
1. going 2. kept 3. reached 4. drive 5. take 6. road 7. area 8. divided 9.

freely 10. night 11. home 12. serves/acts 13. endangered 14. walk 15.
animals 16. ride 17. and 18. tickets 19. below 20. adventure
188
1. animals 2. warm 3. provides 4. young/babies 5. longer 6. without 7.

carries 8. give 9. mother 10. danger
189
1. sleep 2. cabin 3. something 4. smoke 5. for 6. door 7. through 8. orders 9.

passengers 10. flames 11. push 12. difficulty 13. like 14. ship 15. forward 16.
alone 17. boarded 18. behold 19. other 20. drawn
190
1. born 2. gymnastics 3. competitions 4. became 5. strong 6. won 7. record 8.

taller 9. went 10. Lives
191
1. used 2. master 3. family/couple 4. moved/shifted 5. when 6. threw 7. kill 8.

front 9. awoke 10. twice 11. other 12. misery 13. dirty 14. off 15. rain 16.
covered 17. saved 18. way 19. police 20. neck
192
1. time 2. written 3. amount 4. answers 5. solve 6. tests 7. smart 8.

children 9. many 10. strengths
193
1. hard 2. results 3. in 4. believe 5. subject 6. shared 7. gave 8. spent 9.

first 10. wait 11. Saturday 12. that 13. booked 14. going 15. sleeping 16.
walked 17. worry 18. care 19. taxi 20. off
114
194
1. dislikes 2. clothes 3. through 4. still 5. shirts 6. before 7. spends 8.

retired 9. continued 10. why
195
1. reached 2. many 3. approached 4. room 5. found 6. mistake/breakdown 7.

receptionist 8. fully 9. suggestion 10. motel 11. greeted 12. tired 13. sleep 14.
covered 15. clothes 16. myself 17. rest 18. thanked 19. wife 20. made
196
1. without 2. world 3. computer 4. fee 5. provides 6. different 7. send 8.

listen 9. messages 10. face
197
1. assembled 2. established 3. many 4. participated 5. altogether 6. sure 7.

moved 8. correct 9. champion 10. trophy
198
1. wings 2. are 3. found 4. with 5. fast 6. need 7. sea/marine 8. enters 9.

the 10. species 11. bottom 12. some 13. near 14. time 15. distance 16.
large/huge 17. heavy 18. size 19. called 20. ride
199
1. playful 2. curiosity 3. cranny 4. insect 5. fish 6. pleasure 7. grow 8. kill 9.

useful 10. amusement
200
1. earth 2. walked 3. reach 4. fall 5. know 6. this 7. new 8. kept 9.

crossed 10. of 11. the 12. much 13. desire 14. on 15. places/lands 16.
explored 17. still 18. and 19. there 20. means
201
1. His 2. building 3. the 4. as 5. them 6. For 7. up 8. had 9. and 10. With
115
202
1. strict 2. abused 3. prisoner 4. happier 5. unhappy 6. inherits 7. split up 8.

upset 9. looks after 10.
leave 11.complicated 12.stepsisters 13.cheated. 14.picking on 15.stricter
203
Sore throat is a common ailment and most of us get it from time to time. Perhaps only a few of
us are lucky enough to escape it. It is caused by bacteria and viruses. Haemolytic
streptococci, for instance, causes 'strep throat' a serious type of sore throat which is more
common among children between the ages of five and fifteen. Sore throats can be
dangerous too. The germs can also cause infection in other parts of the body. Usually the doctor
gives a patient penicillin to cure the disease before the other infection sets in. That is why you
should not take a sore throat lightly.
---------------------------------------------
I had never felt so tired in my life. All I wanted to do now was rest my tired feet. I
looked around for place to sit. They were all taken up. The hot blazing sun did not help much
either. There was a tinge of regret when I remembered my sister's advice. she had told me not to
go shopping. She said that there would be a bad traffic jam, the buses would be packed like
sardines and the shopping complexes would be crowded. She was right and I wished I had just
listened.
---------------------------------------------
High up in a tree was a nest. Three little "mynah" birds were in it. Their feeble cries were carried
away by the strong wind. A sudden gust of wind blew the nest down. The birds could not fly
and fell a very long distance to the ground. They were slightly hurt and kept on
chirping for their mother. Both Tori and Brenda were going home after school when
they heard the cries. Immediately, they rushed to the spot and found the birds. Both of them felt
sorry for the motherless birds and decided to keep them.
204
People of the olden days seldom had feet problems. This may be due to the fact that their shoes
were more comfortable. They were made from animal skin which did not harm the feet. Foot
sores became more/very common with the discovery of wooden and cloth shoes. No account
was taken of the anatomy of the right or left foot in the making of wooden shoes. They were
made clumsily or hastily. Because of this, shoes caused more harm than good. Friction between
the feet and the inner lining of the shoes created painful corns and bunions which sometimes
resulted in deformed feet.
---------------------------------------------
Many of us are still unaware of or are indifferent to the need to preserve rare species. Some
people argue that species have been dying out since life began. "So why should we worry about
them now ?" they ask. They calmly believe that others would take their place. What these
people do not realize is that it will take millions of years before a set of species is evolved to
116
replace those we are rapidly losing. These species are our national heritage. We should not
let them die off. They should be preserved for our descendants.
---------------------------------------------
The cobra is not swift in attacking as one is led to believe. It first erects the hood
and then flattens the neck. A characteristic marking, just like a pair of spectacles, appears on the
neck. As the cobra raises its hood, it also sways from side to side in a slow rhythmic
manner. After several seconds or minutes of this, it strikes by darting its head
forward and downwards and the fangs sink into the flesh of the victim. The teeth hold on to the
prey until it dies of the venom. The venom can kill in a few minutes.
205
Sepakraga is one of the traditional games of Malaysia. It uses an open ball made of rattan strips,
plaited together. It can be played by five or ten players. During the game, the players stand
in a circle at equal distances from one another. One of the players begins the game by kicking
the ball to another team member. The aim of the game is not to allow the ball to fall to the
ground. Usually, there is a record keeper to keep count of the number of kicks made before this
happens. Sepakraga is popular in Negeri Sembilan.
---------------------------------------------
Birth rate and death rate are two important factors which influence the change in world
population. Today, the world population is increasing at an alarming rate. This is because of the
decline in the death rate due to recent advances of modern medicine and the availability of
improved health services.
This rapid growth of world population poses a problem because mankind may soon
outgrow the world's food supply. One may argue that modern technological advances and
scientific research can help increase food production as well as prevent starvation. But can this
increase in food production keep up with the increase in population ?
---------------------------------------------
Our teeth are among the most important tools we have. Without them, we wouldn't be
able to break up the food we eat. Our faces would be far less attractive than they are.
Communicating with others would be a problem simply because we would not be able to form
words properly. Many people think that it is natural for our teeth to decay and fall off at middle
age. This is false because our teeth is designed to last a lifetime. It is due to neglect and eating
the wrong foods that dental problems occur.
206
The first people to have used coins as exchange were the Lydians of Asia Minor. They used
stamped pieces of metal ___as___ early as the 7th century B.C.. ___However___, it is believed
that the Chinese ___may___ have made coins earlier than that.
___The___ early Chinese coins had irregular shapes ___and___ were stamped with rough
designs. For ___some___ time, the value of coins depended ___on___ the value of the metal
used ___to___ make the coin. As time went ___by___, however, people began to accept that
___coins___ need not be valuable in themselves. What mattered was their value as money.
117
---------------------------------------------
Not many years ago, hundreds of children could be seen running the streets with bamboo poles,
chasing kites that had been cut loose. There was an unwritten rule allowing ___the___ first
person to catch a loose ___kite___ to keep it. But often, it ___was___ a fistfight that determined
who would ___keep___ the kite. And often the kite ___would___ end up being ripped apart as
___too___ many hands tried to grab it ___at___ the same time. A kite flyer ___could___ be
easily spotted by the strips ___of___ plaster on his fingers, his sunglasses ___and___ cap as well
as his sunburnt cheeks. There would always be a bamboo pole beside him in case his kite was cut
loose and he would have to run after it.
---------------------------------------------
The berok is not a very docile animal, though it does work well. It snarls and bares its teeth
___at___ strangers and gets agitated very easily ___when/if___ another monkey comes near.
But these ___are___ mild shows of temper compared to ___what___ happens when it is
overworked or ___when___ it is bitten by 'kerengga' ants at work. ___The___ berok gets
positively violent. Besides being ___an___ efficient worker, it is also cheap ___to___ maintain.
It eats rice, fruit, grubs ___and___ young, green leaves only. This creature___does___ not eat
fish or meat, which are expensive. That is why farmers are willing to put up with this creature.
207
Emperor Penguins breed on land. In autumn, the eggs are laid. Each penguin lays one egg only.
For the next 64 days, the male guards it The penguin rests the egg on its feet, covering it with
the fold of skin on its belly. This is to protect the eggs from being snatched by sea birds.
Meanwhile, the females disperse in search of food. When the incubation period is over, they
return to take care of the young. The parents rear it all through the winter.
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The simple old games like 'Cops and Robbers', 'Blind Man's Buff' and 'Hopscotch' that I used to
play during my childhood are fast losing interest among the children of today. Nowadays,
parents have to spend hundreds of dollars to make their children happy. From the moment they
are born, children are bestowed with expensive and sophisticated toys that come in all shapes,
sizes and with different functions. And this continues throughout their childhood. To keep up
with the times, parents give their children computer games to develop their mental powers. Little
do they realize that they are taking away the challenges of childhood and the inventive spirit
from their children. The children of today are sadly deprived of the time for full enjoyment as
experienced by their parents and grandparents.
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Do you think I should start saving money ? My mother keeps pestering me, but I do not want to.
I love to spend money. Saving is quite useless. What if I die while busy saving ? Then, I won't
be able to use the money I have saved. Furthermore, I think I am too young to save. When I am
older, I may be more responsible and start. Even then, it must be really necessary, and I
must have extra money which I don't need. Am I doing the right thing ?
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Most hunters agree that the most frightening animal of all is the leopard. Hunters fear but admire
this beast because of its cunningness and bravery. It is said to be able to approach and disappear
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more stealthily than any other known animal. Even the tiger does not have its highly developed
sense of self-preservation or its ability to conceal itself so effectively. But the most pronounced
characteristic is the leopard's fear of man. The leopard will shoot off immediately when it
hears someone approaching. It is easily excited and agitated.
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Durians may be liked by many, but there are a few who cannot stand the smell of this fruit. So
strong is the odor of a ripe durian. A funny incident about the durians' odor has even been
recorded in history. There was once a man who tried to sell durians to Sir Stamford
Raffles. However the Englishman, suddenly got up, held his nose and fled. Later, he
complained that the durian smell had given him a headache and that the fruit was nauseating.
This odor is quite an important feature of the durian. Even airlines do not allow passengers to
carry durians unless they are tightly packed and no smell can escape.
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I'm very sorry for what happened. For the past two months, Uncle had been complaining that he
felt weak and tired. Unfortunately, he refused to see a doctor. Then, on Monday, he
fainted. Immediately, I took him to the General Hospital. He was diagnosed as having acute
leukemia.
The doctors said that he had about three weeks to live. I wanted to send you a telegram then but
Uncle stopped me. He begged me to wait until your examination was over, which was not until
Friday. After I sent you the telegram, his condition took a turn for the worse.
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The best time to see turtles is at night. The turtles would come ashore, dragging their heavy
bodies across the beach until they get above the high tide mark. Then, they would dig holes in
the sand with their rear flippers. Each turtle lays about 100 soft, white eggs. When it has
finished, it covers the hole and returns to the sea. Turtle-watching is a controversial subject.
Many observers are appalled by the way some people treat the turtles, riding on their backs and
flashing lights in their eyes. The turtles' eggs are also not spared.
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The first thing that my eyes fell on, on the morning of my sixteenth birthday, was a package
beside my bed. I sat up quickly and ripped off the beautiful wrapper. A strange noise
came from inside. I opened the lid. "Argh!" My scream rang through the whole house, I think. A
small, green frog made a giant leap to freedom and landed on the bed. As if on cue, in rushed the
family. Everyone was amused, except me. I was furious. I knew who was behind the trick and
I was going to getting him. My younger brother, the mastermind, ran for his life when he
realized that he had been found out.
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All animals have some means of protecting themselves, and these means vary according to the
animal's species nature and habitat. The chameleon blends into its background by subtle changes
of color. The skunk, on the other hand, repels it enemies with a fine spray of evil-smelling
fluid in their direction. A few species of fish like the electric eel and electric catfish
have an extraordinary means of defense. These fish use electric shocks as a defense
weapon against enemies and to stun their prey as well. The most famous of all is the electric eel
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of the rivers of South America. It can generate from 370 to 550 volts, killing the fish and frogs
on which it feeds.
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There are about 50 species of sea snakes. They are not very aggressive, but are
very venomous, being able to kill humans with their lethal doses.
Sea snakes can grow to over two meters long. They have blunt heads and flattened
tails for swimming. They differ from eels in that they do not have gill slits but have
scales.
Sea snakes of the family, Hydrophidae, range through the tropical Indo-Pacific area,
usually preferring coastal reefs. There is also a pelagic sea snake that lives in the open
sea, sometimes hundreds of kilometers from the nearest land. In Australia, over 32
species of sea snakes have been identified in the waters around the Barrier Reef !
They seem to congregate in certain areas/places in the region about the swain Reefs.
The olive sea snake is a familiar/common sight, being spotted there ever so often.
Sea snakes feed mainly on fish, crabs, fish eggs and eels. They can swallow a fish
that is more than twice the diameter of their neck. Some sea snakes are active hunters
that probe crevices and holes for prey. Most sea snakes are viviparous --
the young/babies are born fully developed -- although some sea snakes like the
banded sea krait come ashore to lay eggs.
Aggressive only during the mating season in the winter, the sea snake is very curious
and becomes fascinated by elongated objects such as high-pressure hoses. Provoked
snakes can become very aggressive and persistent, requiring repeated/many kicks to
ward them off.
Most sea snake bites occur on fishing trawlers, when the snakes are
sometimes hauled in with the catch. Only a small proportion/number/percentage of
bites are fatal to man, as the snake can control the amount of poison it releases.
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There are only eight species of sea turtles throughout/in the world. Turtles
rank high among the world's endangered species and, unfortunately, their continued
existence is very much threatened/limited. In many areas,
people eat/consume turtle meat and eggs, and their oil is used in the cosmetic
industry. Their shells are in much demand to make combs and spectacle frames.
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Many turtles also drown/die accidentally because they get entangled in fishing nets
set out by deep-sea trawlers or fishing boats. Bits of plastic are often mistaken for
their favorite food, jellyfish, and they block/obstruct the turtle's breathing and
digestive passages when swallowed.
Most species of sea turtles are much larger than their land relatives. Sea or marine
turtles, unlike land turtles, cannot retract their heads completely into their shells.
They have a compressed streamlined shell and broad flattened forelimbs for paddling.
They usually weigh over 500 kilograms and the span of their forelimbs is over three
meters.
Turtles are found all around the world. Most migrate over long distances to reach
their favored breeding sites. Turtles can dive down to depths of over 1,500 meters.
Turtles breathe air, but they can spend as much as three

hours submerged/underwater. They prefer open water, but are occasionally
encountered close to reefs. Sea turtles are mainly carnivores and mostly feed on
jellyfish, sponges, soft corals, crabs, squids and fish.
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Sentosa, located off mainland Singapore, was once a fishing village known as Pulau
Belakang Mat. It later/then became a British military fortress until 1967, when it was
handed to the newly independent Singapore government.
In 1968, the government decided to develop/turn the island into a holiday resort for
local visitors and tourists. The public was invited to suggest names for the island and
'Sentosa' -- meaning/signifying peace and tranquility in Malay -- was eventually
chosen for the island resort.
Today, Sentosa is Singapore's premier island resort getaway. Just 15 minutes away
from the city, it is a unique blend of leisure and recreational facilities including family
attractions, sea sports, spas and golf courses, as well as hotel accommodation and
retreats. A canopy of secondary rainforest covers 70 percent of the 500-hectare island
and is home to monitor lizards, monkeys, peacocks and parrots.
Sentosa has a 3.2 kilometer stretch of white sand beach, and is the only location in
Singapore to offer beachfront accommodation and over 670 hotel rooms with full
facilities. The island, which is open all year round, is accessible by cable car, the
Sentosa Express, bus, taxi or car. Since the island's inception in 1972, $420 million in
private investments and another $500 million from government funding
have gone into developing the island.
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Whatever your idea of a perfect day may be -- sunbathing, swimming with the
dolphins or getting a Balinese massage -- Sentosa is the place to go, with its stunning
beaches and tranquil surroundings.
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Sharks are amazing fish that have existed for over 350 million years, and they were
around 100 years before the dinosaurs evolved. Unlike bony fish, sharks have no
bones; their skeleton is made of cartilage, which is a tough, fibrous substance, not
nearly as hard as bone. Sharks also have no swim bladder ( like bony fish do ).
Sharks live in oceans and seas all over the world, and even in some rivers and lakes,
especially in warmer waters. Some sharks live near the surface, some live deep in the
water, and others live on or near the ocean floor. Pelagic sharks ( sharks living in the
open ocean ) include the Great White Shark and the Basking Shark. Benthic Sharks,
or those living at the bottom, include the Zebra Horn Shark and the Angelshark,
which usually have flattened camouflaged bodies that let them hide in the seabed.
Some sharks even venture many miles up into the fresh water of rivers like the
Mississippi in the United States and the Amazon in Brazil.
Some sharks live in relatively warm waters, and these include Hammerheads, Bull
Sharks and Tiger Sharks. Other sharks, such as the Thresher, Mako, Basking and Blue
Shark, live in temperate water which is neither hot nor cold. Others, including the
Dogfish, Greenland and Goblin, live in cool waters. some sharks stay in
the same region their entire lives while others travel across oceans.
Unfortunately, the largest sharks are decreasing in numbers around the world
because they are being hunted by people. The numbers of Great White Shark, the
Basking Shark and the Whale Shark are all waning.
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Good evening Minister Lebroc, Mr Cateris, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen.
It is with great honor that I accept this distinguished Patron of the Arts Award on behalf of my
company, Rosebud Associates.
This is the third consecutive time that we have received this award. This is the highest order of
recognition conferred by the Regional arts Committee to individuals or organizations who
have contributed/given/donated at least US$1 million to major arts projects within five years.
Over the past seven years. Rosebud Associates has channeled more than US$5 million towards
sponsorship of the arts in the region. One of our primary/main objectives in arts sponsorship is
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to promote public awareness and appreciation of the arts, as well as contribute to the vitality and
development of the regional local arts scene.
We have been championing the arts since 1998, and we have always worked closely with the
Regional arts Committee and other financial institutions to support budding talents, and also
bring in renowned artistes and groups from overseas/abroad to broaden the cultural experience
here. This award highlights our commitment to the development of the arts.
This year, we are once again proud to be a major sponsor of the Regional Arts Festival for the
fifth consecutive year. Our continued support is underpinned by the belief that this regional
festival s an excellent way to elevate the region into an international arts capital. This will
greatly benefit/enhance/boost tourism and the economy as well.
We are proud to present Mr Philip Cateris, the legendary composer, for your entertainment this
evening. He has been helpful in bringing/introducing music to the masses, and is well known
for his inventive use of household appliances as musical instruments. Thank you.
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Imagine this : You're in the water/sea, with a mask and snorkel, surrounded by
spinner dolphins as they go about their everyday/usual activities. They swim and
play, and at times, do a spin for you !
This was what my family and I did on a recent trip to the remote west shore of Oahu,
in Hawaii. It is well known for having the calmest and clearest waters around the
island. It is home to spinner dolphins and those mighty winter mammal visitors, the
humpback whales.
The trip started in the wee hours of the morning, at 6.30 a.m. 34 of us, all bleary-
eyed, were picked up at the hotel and taken to the harbor, where we boarded a
catamaran. The boat was about 25 meters long, and had ample seats and space to
move around. on the trip out, we sang songs, played games and were served a
delicious breakfast of fresh fruits and pastries.
Finally, we reached the location. Before we entered the water, our guides instructed
us that we should never chase the dolphins as we ran the risk of disturbing their
activities such as feeding, courtship and nursing.
It was very exciting to swim with the dolphins. One of the young dolphins swam
towards me, and began twisting and spiraling around me. I tried to swim like it,
mermaid style, but still could not swim as fast or gracefully as the dolphin.
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We enjoyed ourselves immensely/tremendously and what was actually two hours

seemed like two minutes. as the catamaran headed towards the harbor, I knew that I
had an unforgettable experience to remember for the rest of my life.
216
In my family, there are very few females or males of any age who are not exceptional
cooks or at least passionate about food. We love/like to get together and cook or
compare recipes.
Although I am sure that there are some genetics involved, there is something to
be said for 'nurture' in this case. Not only do we all hang around our mothers' kitchens
every day, we also gather/meet several times a year around spreads of food that
would impress even the world's greatest gourmand. Most importantly, however, is that
we have been involved in cooking from a young age.
From the time when it was safe to assume that their lives were not in danger, my
cousins, Adeline and Ann, were required to make/prepare dinner every
Friday evening/night. Although their first meals were certainly bordering on being
inedible, they quickly learnt from the experiences and are now some of
the best/better cooks in the family.
You, too, can get your child interested/involved in cooking. For example, have
them watch in the kitchen as you prepare dinner. You can also buy aesthetically
pleasing cookbooks like Nigella Bites by Nigella Lawson, or any other publications.
You can also assign a day for your child to cook and reward him by allowing him to
decide the menu for the dinner selection. Take note that if your child is very young,
give him a safe job like squeezing lemons or tenderizing chicken.
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Everyone loves teddy bears, but do you know how they originated ?
In November 1902, American President Theodore Roosevelt went to Mississippi to

help settle/resolve a boundary dispute with Louisiana. There, he went with some
friends on an unsuccessful bear hunt. Knowing that he was disappointed, a fellow
hunter captured a bear, tied it to a tree and summoned/told/called the president to
shoot it. Upon seeing the defenseless bear, Mr Roosevelt did not have the heart to do
so. Mr Clifford Berryman, a cartoonist with the Washington Post, drew
a picture/cartoon depicting the president's refusal to shoot the bear. The cartoon,
called Drawing the Line, was published in newspapers across the nation.
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Morris and Rose Michtom, a Russian immigrant couple, saw the cartoon. Rose made
small stuffed bears to sell in their store. Morris wrote to the president seeking
permission to call the handmade bears 'Teddy's Bears'. The president replied giving
his permission, but added that he did not think that using his name would help sell the
bears. The bears proved to be very popular and soon were mass-produced.
At the same time, jointed plush bears were being designed in Germany by a family
business headed by Margarete Steiff. In 1902, her nephew, Richard Steiff, developed
the first bears with movable limbs and shaggy mohair fur. At first, the Steiff bears
were unsuccessful. In March 1903, however, at the Leipzig Fair, the New York
department store George Borgfeldt and Co. bought 3,000 Steiff teddy bears. By 1907,
Steiff were making/producing 975,000 bears a year, 90 per cent of which were
exported to the United States.
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The Amazon River basin is a vast expanse, covering parts of eight countries in South
America. It is made up of varied types of environments that are home to thousands of
species of animals and plants.
The Amazon basin has not only rainforests, but flooded forests as well. Every year,
the Amazon River and its tributaries overflow their banks and flood nearly 116,000
square miles of forests. The region's streams and rivers contain 20 per cent of the
earth's fresh water.
The freshwater ecosystems host an extraordinary seasonal migration of aquatic and

terrestrial animals in and out of the flooded forests. These flooded forests and
freshwater ecosystems of the Amazon contain several species found/seen nowhere
else on earth. Among them are two fishes that are highly prized for human
consumption: a fruit-eating fish called the tambaqui, and the pirarucz, the largest
scaled freshwater fish in the world.
In these flooded forests are giant kapok trees, which have become the forests'
symbols, and the virola, an important timber species which, like mahogany, is
threatened with extinction from overexploitation.
The flooded forest areas have come under threat in recent years. For many years,
these areas were relatively sparsely populated, compared to other parts of the
Amazon. All that changed as migrants from the overpopulated and resource-depleted
highlands of Bolivia and Peru moved/traveled to the Amazon region. Forests
were converted into farmland. A network of roads constructed to allow access to
timber, ore, oil an gas has also made it easier for people to reach this remote area.
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My world was turned upside down one peaceful Wednesday morning last year when
Crystal arrived, two weeks ahead of schedule. I was in the middle of a meeting,
but dropped everything to rush home. Luckily, we had the foresight to pack
everything that was needed in a suitcase, placed beside the main door. Rushing to the
hospital with Christine, my wife, I was overcome by a strange sensation as well as a
felling of expectation. In a few hours, I was about/going to become a father !
Several hours later, after much effort on Christine's part, Crystal's brown eyes looked
at me as she lay in Christine's arms. Time seemed to stand still for a moment, as we
gazed into each other's eyes. Then Crystal began to cry. That moment in the delivery
room was the happiest moment of my life.
In the months that followed, Christine and I had to change our way of living to cope
with this new addition in our lives. Gone were the unhurried trips to town, long
dinners enjoyed with friends, movies at the cinemas and, most of all, uninterrupted
sleep every night. Instead, every moment was devoted to feeding, washing and
entertaining Crystal, who frequently seemed to expect us to drop whatever we were
doing at the time for her sake.
Our parents did come over to help out once in a while so that we could work out
a schedule of sorts to provide each of us with a little rest and private time.
Now, two years on/later, as I look out at Crystal running about in the back garden
with Spot, our cocker spaniel, I must admit that all the sacrifices and sleepless nights
were worth it. Crystal is definitely our bundle of joy and life's greatest gift.
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Johnny was a boy who loved/liked to read ghost stories. Whenever he went to
the library or bookshops, he would pick/choose scary books on ghosts, goblins and
evil witches to read. And he would love to play tricks on his friends to scare them as
well.
One day, Johnny's friend, Tom, invited him home after school. When he called home
to ask his elder sister for permission, she agreed but warned/cautioned him to be
sure to return home before dark.
Promising that he would return/go home early, Johnny went to Tom's house where
they spent the entire afternoon playing computer games. They had such a good time
that they forgot the time.
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On Johnny's way home, he had to walk through a garden, filled with dark and
swaying palm and banana trees. All of a sudden, he heard a noise behind him. He
stopped, turned around and saw something white and ghostly rushing towards him.
Johnny gasped and started to run, but as he ran, he heard pounding footsteps behind
him. Johnny ran on and on with the footsteps following behind him. Out of breath, he
stopped and demanded, "Who's following me ?"
"Boo...!" The white and ghostly object was drawing near. With his very last bit
of courage, he asked, "Who are you and why are you following me ?"
The white and ghostly figure said, "Johnny, did I not tell you to come home before
dark ?"
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The giant anteater is easily one of the odder-looking animals known

to roam/inhabit the forests and savannahs of Central and South America. It is also
one of the most specialised -- as its name suggests, it dines exclusively on ants and
termites.
Adult giant anteaters may grow to be between one to two meters long, and from 30 to
65 kilograms in weight. The giant anteater's hair is long, straight and coarse, except
when it is very young. the bushy tail is particularly coarse, even straw-like, and is
usually darker in color than the rest of the anteater's body.
Coloration on the giant anteater varies, though/although the same general patterns
are fund throughout the species. The giant anteater's distinct color patterning may
add to the camouflaging of the animal, especially in forested areas.
The giant anteater's head is long and tube-like, ending in a small black mouth/nose.
The giant anteater also has small eyes and small rounded ears protruding from the
head. It is generally believed that giant anteaters have a poor sense of sight, but
a keen sense of smell. In fact, their sense of smell is regarded to be some 40
times stronger/better than that of humans.
Inside the giant anteater's head is a long tongue that sticks from the mouth. Measuring
more than 60 centimeters long, it is used to extract insects from their nests and
mounds. It is coated with sticky saliva secreted by large glands in the neck, and is also
covered with microscopic spine-like protrusions. In fact, it can be flicked in and out of
the mouth 150 or more times a minute, and a giant anteater can eat up to 30,000
insects a day !
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222
The earliest lighthouses were simply bonfires built on hillsides to guide ships. The
first lighthouse, located/found on the ancient island of Pharos, served the old world
city of Alexandria in 285 BC.
Of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was
the only one that had a practical use/function in addition to its architectural elegance.
For sailors, it ensured a safe return to the Great Harbor. For architects, it was the
tallest building on earth at its time. And for scientists, it was the mysterious mirror
that fascinated them most. The reflection of the sun's rays could be seen more than
50 kilometers offshore. Legend has it that the mirror was also used to detect and burn
enemy ships before they could reach the shore.
Shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, his commander Ptolemy Soter assumed
power and established his capital in Alexandria. Off the city's coast lay the small
island of Pharos. Due to the dangerous sailing conditions, the construction of a
lighthouse was seen as being necessary/needed.
The project was begun by Ptolemy Soter around 290 B.C. but was only
completed after his death, during the reign of his son, Ptolemy Philadelphus. For
centuries, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was used to mark the harbor, using fire at
night and reflecting the sun's rays during the day. It was even shown on Roman coins,
just as famous monuments are depicted on currency today.
Although the Lighthouse of Alexandria did not survive to this present day, it left
behind its influence. From an architectural standpoint, the monument has been used as
a model/example for many prototypes along the Mediterranean. And from a linguistic
standpoint, it gave its name, Pharos, to all the lighthouses in the world.
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Deep within/in the deserts of Jordan lies an ancient city. Through a narrow gorge, it
emerges into view, revealing awe-inspiring monuments cut into the surrounding cliffs.
What is this astonishing city ? Who built it, and why ?
Ruined cities in remote places have always stirred/fascinated the human

imagination. Petra drew the attention of early 19th century European travelers through
the remarkable published accounts of a Swiss explorer named Burckhardt. The city
was unmarked on modern maps and had not been seen by outsiders for more than 500
years. Early visitors arrived on camel back and on foot to marvel at Petra's grandeur.
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Two thousand years ago, Petra stood at a crossroads of the ancient Near East. Petra
began as a gathering site for Nabataean traders carrying incense, spice and perfume
along two major ancient caravan routes. Commercial traffic to and from Petra
steadily increased from the first century B.C. to the mid-first century A.D. to keep up
with the growing demand for luxury goods in Rome, Greece and Egypt. During this
time, the city became a bustling hub of international commerce and culture. The
Nabataeans also developed the technology to harness natural springs in order to grow
fertile crops and lush gardens.
Petra was an important stop for travelers during their journey. The
Nabataeans provided shelter and water -- for a fee -- and foreign traders also paid toll
and customs taxes in exchange/return for safe passages. This income/money helped
finance the Nabataeans' commercial empire, enabling/allowing these former nomads
to create a spectacular capital city.
The Nabataeans also erected monumental tombs, memorializing their kings and
leaders. But over time, things changed. Eventually/Finally the city fell silent,
forgotten by the outside world.
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Watching an erupting volcano is an exciting experience. There are those who are so
fascinated by volcanoes that they have decided to pursue a career in the field called
volcanology.
Vocanologists study active, dormant and extinct volcanoes in a scientific manner in

order to find out how, why, and when volcanoes erupt. They also study
the effects/impact of eruptions on the population and environment.
Volcanology is like detective work where evidence is gathered together and the facts
worked out. It is a field which overlaps many areas of science, including earth
sciences, chemistry and geography.
The eruption of Krakatoa in Indonesia in 1883 was one of the most significant in the
history of volcanology as it was the first to be studied in the modern era. The eruption
create the largest explosion ever heard and produced tsunamis, or huge/giant waves
which killed more than 30,000 people. Krakatoa continues to be active to this day, and
Indonesia has the most active volcanoes in the world.
How do you become a volcanologist ? Training begins with a Bachelor of Science

degree. Further research may lead to a Masters of Science or a Doctor of Philosophy
degree.
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Volcanology is a challenging and an exciting career that offers much action and
suspense. Places of employment also include teaching and doing research in
universities. You can also work in volcano observatories, or in government
departments that create civil defense contingency plans. That means you have to work
out plans for emergency evacuations in times of a dangerous volcano eruption.
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Singapore grows only 4 percent of the vegetables it consumes. The rest and all of the
fruits we eat come from abroad. Currently, the United States is our third biggest fruit
and vegetable supplier, accounting for nearly 15 percent of imports. The first
officially Alar-free harvest of Washington State apples came to supermarkets here
some time ago. These apples may not look as red as before but the color change will
hardly be noticeable.
Apart from the United States, Singapore buys from over 45 other countries
which use varying levels of pesticides. Not long ago, our largest supplier of fruits and
vegetables exported vegetables contaminated with excessive pesticides that made
over 130 people sick after eating it. After that incident, the Ministry of the
Environment gave its assurance that it enforces strict laws on pesticides levels. It also
conducts daily checks on imports.
Singapore, meanwhile, intends to grow more vegetables at home. The key lies in
hydroponics which allows plants to be grown in nutrified water. Hydroponic farmers
have more control because they can regulate and sterilize this nutrified water
to the most favorable condition possible for their plants. Some local farms have
become so successful that their products are exported.
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Albert Einstein found school very difficult. His teacher would tap her pointer against
the blackboard impatiently while she waited for him to answer her questions. But
Albert always had to think about many things before he could answer. After all, he
would say to himself, there are many different things to think about before you can
say anything is absolutely certain. When his teacher wasn't asking Albert a question,
Albert would think of a question to ask her. And often when he did, she would get
red in the face and angry at Albert for thinking up questions she couldn't answer. The
more Albert learned, the more he found to think about. The more he thought
about, the more questions he thought of to ask.
He knew that the Earth, other planets, the moon, and the sun are just part of what we
call the universe. He knew that the universe is also made up of all the stars we can see
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with our eyes and millions and millions more that we can see only with
the largest telescopes. He thought there must be some rules to explain why
everything in the universe acts as it does. Finally he believed he had some of the
answers. And then people started asking him questions because he had answer for
many things that scientists had been trying to figure out for many, many years.
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The coot is a waterbird that is completely black except for the white patch on the front
of the head, the white beak and grey-green legs. A narrow whitish wing-bar shows in
flight. Its toes are long and broad but are not webbed. Unlike the moorhen, the coot
prefers open water and is rarely found on small ponds and streams. It likes the
company of other coots and of ducks, and in the winter, coots may gather in
enormous flocks on big lakes, reservoirs and, sometimes, on the sea coast. They
seldom fly, except to reach another piece of water. The coot often feeds on land but
is less at home there than the moorhen. Mostly it dives for waterweeds, with an
occasional insect or fish for variety.
In the spring, the coots reproduce. The large raised nests are frequently built of dead
stems among the plants at the edge of the lake. Six to nine stone-colored eggs with
brown spots may be found from the middle of March onwards. The young
which starts to swim three or four days after they hatch are covered with black down
tipped with reddish-orange on the chin and neck. The coot is not only found in Europe
but there are also coots of one kind or another in Asia, Australia, Africa and America.
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Francisco Goya's first love was bullfighting. He wanted to be the finest bullfighter in
Spain. However, everyone around him felt that he was a better artist than a
bullfighter. They encouraged him to go to Madrid where he sent some of his sketches
to the royal court. Finally the time came when the unknown bullfighter became
painter to the King of Spain. This was the highest honor an artist could receive. But
after a while Goya became tired of painting pictures of dukes and duchesses and the
royal family. Most of the people of Spain were poor. Often they were hungry. Wars
brought even more cruelty to their lives. Goya felt very sorry for the poor, suffering
people. He began to draw pictures of the poor, hardworking people of
Spain. He didn't try to make them look prettier or more important than they were.
The king and the people of the royal court were not always happy about the kind of
pictures Goya was painting. They thought he should paint only important people and
pretty things.
131
Now, more than one hundred years later, people still want to see Goya's pictures.
Today, people are glad that he sometimes painted things to please himself instead of
the king.
229
Dazed survivors of the DC-10 crash later recalled that they were left hanging upside
down, strapped into their seats in the wreckage. The plane, on a flight from Denver to
Chicago crashed with the loss of many lives after its hydraulic system failed.
The pilot had been given permission to make an emergency landing, but as he fought
to bring the crippled airliner on to the runway, it pitched violently and hit the
ground. The plane cartwheeled several times and broke into pieces.
When the sections of the fuselage had come to rest, some passengers struggled to
help others get free from their seat belts. Some could rescue only themselves. As they
recounted the horror of the final moments of the flight, several
survivors remembered the pilot telling passengers over the intercom that the
tail of the plane had been damaged and that an emergency landing was necessary. He
further warned that it would be a very rough landing with some great impact. He
advised them to bend over and go into the crash position. Little did they expect the
plane to come to such grief. Charlie, a survivor, said there was smoke everywhere.
He could not believe what he saw. There were people with missing arms and feet
everywhere. That was when he was so thankful to be alive and still be in one piece.
230
Figures compiled from coroner's court hearings over a ten-year period showed that
eight out of every ten accidental drownings occurred in areas where there were no
lifeguards or other good swimmers about. Of these, more than half took place in the
sea. By contrast, swimming pool deaths accounted for only five percent of eighty
water deaths a year. It has been concluded that even if pools are supervised by
lifeguards, and warning signs and railings are put up at canals, there would still be a
high number of people drowning in Singapore waters. The reason
is many Singaporeans love the challenge and the thrill which can only be found in
unpredictable conditions such as the open sea. Little do they realize that the dangers
there are very much increased too.
One is not really safe even if one is able to swim 50 meters. In fact, these are the
people who are very adventurous and want to swim across a canal or river. They are
most willing to take risks and they are also the ones most at risk. They become over-
confident because they can swim. This is how mishaps have happened, even to
132
strong swimmers. Many need not have died. With training, foresight and common
sense, the deaths could have been prevented.
231
"Let me out," the explorer said, "or I'll make the sun go away. Right here in the
___middle___ of the day I'll make something eat up your ___sun___." The jungle
people did not believe him. They laughed and ___poked___ sticks at him through the
bars of the ___cage___. "All right," he said, "you'll see. My magic is ___strong___.
Now I'll make the sun go away in the middle ___of___ the day."
And the sun did go away ! At ___least___ it seemed to. Something seemed to eat up
the sun ___a___ little at a time until it was all ___gone___ and the day was as dark as
midnight. ___The___ jungle people moaned and cried. They were very afraid
___of___ this explorer whose magic was strong enough to take ___their___ sun
away. "Make the sun come back," they cried, " ___and___ we'll do anything you say.
We'll set you free and ___give___ you food and great treasures." "All right," the
explorer ___said___, "I'll make the sun come back." And the sun ___did___ come
back after a while.
What the jungle ___people___ did not know was that day, the sun ___was___
eclipsed by the moon. Eclipse means to hide ___something___ by coming in front of
it. When this happens, ___it___ can turn as dark as night right in the middle of the
day.
232
As a child, Sukasman was fascinated by puppetry but his parents discouraged

him from becoming an artist because they feared he would not be able to make a
living. Thus, he studied economics. After graduating, he felt uncomfortable with
the thought of working in the business field. A puppeteer he met explained to him
that farmers produce food for the stomach and business people sell it to
consumers, but artists produce and deliver to the public food for the heart and for the
mind. This helped Sukasman make up his mind. He enrolled in an art
academy and took lessons in puppetry.
His work became the subject of much criticism because of the variations in sizes,
shapes and colors of his puppets which were a deviation from the norm. He continued
to work, even though he sometimes had to sell his possessions in order to live when
his puppets went unsold and unperformed. Today Sukasman is a famous and
successful puppeteer. He produces leather puppets and performs on
request by individuals, organizations and groups. He has three workers who make the
133
puppets he designs. He has also written stories to be staged by puppets. Sukasman

has indeed come a long way from his early days of discouragement.
233
The slug is a relative of the snail. It has a long rounded body and moves about on a
muscular foot. As it moves, it leaves behind a glistening trail of slime. In its mouth is
a ribbon-like tongue with many rows of tiny teeth. The slug uses this tongue like a file
to rasp up its food.
Most slugs feed on living or decaying plants, and thus do some good in clearing away
dead vegetation. However, they can also do much damage in a vegetable
garden by eating up precious vegetables. Some slugs are carnivorous or flesh-eating.
They can be distinguished from the vegetarian slugs by the tiny shell each has near
the hind end of its body. They feed on worms, caterpillars and also their relatives, the
vegetarian slugs that does so much harm to seedlings.
Gardeners kill as many slugs as they can because of the damage they do to vegetables
and fruits growing on the ground. Salt kills slugs and some gardeners
put down garden salt to keep off the troublesome tiny black slugs. The usual way of
killing slugs, however, is to put down a slug-killer in the form of bran mixed with
poison metaldehyde.
234
Fun hit Singaporeans the big way for ten glorious days. The big fun happening was a
massive promotion jointly organized by Walt Disney and Video Van held at Marina
Square. Mickey Mouse was there and so was Snow White, Goofy and other
members of the massive Disney clan. The star attraction that greeted visitors was a
giant mouse, actually a 35-foot model of Mickey Mouse made specially for guests to
have their pictures taken with him.
The whole fair ground was divided into three halls. Hall One was made up of one
huge video wall made up of sixteen television sets, from which Disney's
famed cartoons was continuously screened. Hall Two, The Hall of Fame was
split into four parts, and they gave an idea of how Disney got its reputation. Several
classics like Sleeping Beauty and Snow White were highlighted. Hall Three was
made the Activity Hall where visitors ate, drank, played games and became
merry. There, six Disney merchandise booths were devoted to the sale of Disney
souvenirs. There was even a travel booth for those eager to learn how to get to
Disneyland.
134
To add to the merriment, the fair was kicked off on the same day as the Orchard Road
Christmas light-up. A parade was held and Mickey Mouse and a contingent of his
merry friends joined the parade. Together, they brought the fun world to Singapore.
135

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