sma Polyvinylidene fluoride From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Polyvinylidene fluoride, or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is a highly non-reactive and pure thermopl fluoropolymer produced by the polymerization of vinylidene difluoride PVDF is a specialty plastic material in the fhioropolymer family; it s used generally in applications requiring the highest purity, strength, and resistance to solvents, acids, bases and heat and low smoke generation during a fre event, Compared to other fluoropolymers, it has an easier melt process because of its relatively low melting point of around 177 °C. thas a low density (1.78) and low cost compared to the other fluoropolymers. It is available as piping products, sheet, tubing, films, plate and an insulator for premium wire. It can be injected, molded or welded and is commonly used in the chemical, semiconductor, medical and defense industries, as well as in lithium ion batteries. It is abo available as a crosslinked closed cell foam, used increasingly in aviation and aerospace applications, A fine powder grade, KYNAR 500 PVDF or HYLAR 5000 PVDF, is ako used as the principal ingredient of high-end paints for metals. These PVDF paints have extremely good gloss and color retention, and they are in use on many prominent buildings around the world, e.g. the Petronas Towers in Malaysia and Taipei 101 in Taiwan, as well as on commercial and residential metal roofing, PVDF membranes are used for western blots for immobilization of proteins, due to its non-specific affinity for amino acids. Contents 1 Names 2 Properties 3 Processing 4 Copolymers 5 Applications 6 See also 7 References enskpeciacrghal/Polyiylidene Nucride Polyimide fuori - Wikipedia, the ree encyclopedia Polyvinylidene fluoride ti a HF TUPAC name n poly(1,1-difluoroethylene) |") Other names Polyvinylidene difluoride; poly(vinylene fluoride); Kynar; Hylar, Solef; Sygef Identifiers (CAS number [24937-79-9% MeSH (polyvinylidene+fluoride (ChEBI (CHEBI:S3250 Properties Molecular formula | “HF 2) ‘Appearance whitish or translucent solid Solubility in water _|not soluble in water Structure Dipole moment 2.1 De Related compounds Related compounds _|PVF, PVC, PTFE o (verify) (what is: YX?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references 1ss Pyle orgs - Wipe, the free encjlopedia Names PVDF is sold under a variety of brand names including Hylar (Solvay), Kynar (Arkema) and Solef (Solvay). Properties In 1969, strong piezoelectricity was observed in PVDF, with the piezoelectric coefficient of poled (placed under a strong electric field to induce a net dipole moment) thin films as large as 6-7 pC/N: 10 times larger than that observed in any other polymer.|3) PVDF has a glass transition temperature (T,) of about —35 °C and is typically 50-60% crystalline, To give the material its piezoelectric properties, it is mechanically stretched to orient the molecular chains and then poled under tension. PVDF exists in several forms: alpha (TGTG’), beta (TTTT), and gamma (ITIGTTTG') phases, depending on the chain conformations as trans (TT) or gauche (G) linkages. When poled, PVDF is a ferroelectric polymer, exhibiting efficent piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties, These characteristics make it useful in sensor and battery applications. Thin films of PVDF are used in some newer thermal camera sensors. Unlike other popular piezoelectric materials, such as PZT, PVDF has a negative ‘means that PVDF will compress instead of expand or vice versa when exposed to 3 value, Physically, this same electric field. Processing PVDF may be synthesized ftom the gaseous VDF monomer via a free radical (or controlled radical) polymerization process. This may be followed by processes such as melt casting, or processing from a solution (e.g. solttion casting, spin coating, and film casting). Langnmir-Blodgett films have also been made. In the case of solution-based processing, typical solvents used include dimethylformamide as well as the more volatile butanone, In aqueous emulsion polymerization, the fluorosurfactant perfluorononanoic acid is used in anion form as a processing aid by solubilizing monomers. For characterization of the molecular weight via gel permeation chromatography (also called size exclusion chromatography), solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran may be used. Processed materials are typically in the non-piezoelectric alpha phase, The material must either be stretched or annealed to obtain the piezoelectric beta phase. The exception to this is for PVDF thin films (thickness in the order of micrometres). Residual stresses between thin films and the substrates on which they are processed are great enough to cause the beta phase to form. In order to obtain a piezoelectric response, the material must first be poled in a large electric field, Poling of the material typically requites an external field of above 30 MV/m. Thick films (typically >100 pm) must be heated during the poling process in order to achieve a large piezocleetric response. Thick films are usually heated to 70-100 °C during the poling process. ‘A quantitative defluorination process was described by mechanochemistry,!*! for safe eco-friendly PVDF waste processing Copolymers Copolymers of PVDF are ako used in pie7oelectric and electrostrictive applications. One of the most commonly used copolymers is P(VDF-trifluorocthyene), usually available in ratios of about 50:50 wt% and 6535 wt% (equivalent to about 56:44 mol% and 70:30 mo). Another one is P(VDF-tetrafluoroethylene). enskpeciacrghal/Polyiylidene Nucride 24sma Polyimide fuori - Wikipedia, the ree encyclopedia They improve the piezoelectric response by improving the crystallinity of the material. ‘While the copolymers’ unit structures are less polar than that of pure PVDF, the copolymers typically have a much higher crystallinity. This results in a larger piezoelectric response: d3 values for P(VDF-T1FE) have been recorded to be as high as -38 pC/N'*l versus —33 pC/N in pure PVDF.|7) Applications PVDF is commonly used as insulation on some kinds of electrical wires, because of ts combination of flexi low weight, low thermal conductivity, high chemical corrosion resistance, and heat resistance. Most of the narrow 30-gauge wire used in wire wrap circuit assembly and printed circuit board rework is PVDF- insulated. In this use the wire is generally referred to as "Kynar wire", ffom the trade name. ‘The piezoelectric properties of PVDF are used to advantage to manufacture tactile sensor arrays, inexpensive strain gauges and lightweight audio transducers. Piezoelectric panels made of PVDF are used on the Venetia Bumey Student Dust Counter, a scientific instrument of the New Horizons space probe that measures dust density in the outer solar system. PVDF is the standard binder material used in the production of composite electrodes for lithium ion batteries. 1- 2% weight solution of PVDF dissolved in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is mixed with an active lithium storage material such as graphite, silicon, tin, LiCoO2, LiMn204, or LiFePO4 and a conductive additive such as carbon black or carbon nanofibers. This shury is cast onto a metallic current collector and the NMP is evaporated to forma composite or paste electrode, PVDF is used because it is chemically inert over the potential range used and does not react with the electrolyte or lithium. In the biomedical sciences PVDF is used in immunoblotting as an artificial membrane, usually with 0.22 or 0.45 micrometres pore sizes, on which proteins are transferred using electricity (see western blotting). PVDF is resistant to solvents and, therefore, these membranes can be easily stripped and reused to look at other proteins, making it very convenient, PVDF is used for specialty monofilament fishing lines, sold as fluorocarbon replacements for nylon monofilament, Optical density is lower than nylon, which makes the line less discernible, The surface is harder, so it is more resistant to abrasion and sharp fish teeth. It is also denser than nylon, making it sink faster.(8) See also = Ferroelectric polymers = Khiber's hw = Ferroelectricity = Piezoelectricity = Pyroelectricity = Phstic = Polymer = Lithium Ion Battery References 1. * "poly(vinylene fluoride) (CHEBI:S3250)" (http://www ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do;A89DFCA7829681968B0AF2AIDD6CC9ES ?chebild=* Retrieved July 14, 2012. HEBI:53250). enskpeciacrghal/Polyiylidene Nucride asaa Polninjidenefurde - Wiipedt, the fee encyclopedia 2, * Zhang, Q. M., Bharti, V., Kavarnos, G., Schwartz, M. (Ed.), (2002). "Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) and. its Copolymers", Encyclopedia of Smart Materials, Volumes 1-2, John Wiley & Sons, 807-825. 3. * Kawai, Heiji (1969). "The Piezoelectricity of Poly (vinylidene Fluoride)". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 8 (7): 975. doi:10.1143/JJAP.8.975 (htp://dx.doi.org/10.1143%2FJJAP.8.975) 4, * Prevedouros K, Cousins IT, Buck RC, Korzeniowski SH (January 2006), "Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates". Environ Sci Technol. 40 (1): 3244. doi:10.1021/es0512475 (http:/dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fes0512475). PMID 16433330 (//www.ncbi.nim.nih, gov/pubmed/16433330). 5. * Zhang, Qiwu; Lu, Jinfeng; Saito, Fumio; Baron, Michel (2001). "Mechanochemical solid-phase reaction between polyvinylidene fluoride and sodium hydroxide", Journal of Applied Polymer Science 81 (9): 2249. doi:10.1002/app. 1663 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fapp. 1663). 6. * Omote, Kenji; Ohigashi, Hiroji; Koga, Keiko (1997). "Temperature dependence of elastic, dielectric, and pieroelectric properties of "single crystalline films of vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene copolymer”. Journal of Applied Physics 81 (6): 2760. doi: 10.1063/1.364300 (http. //dx. doi.org/10. 1063262F 1.364300). 7. ANix, EL; Ward, I. M, (1986). "Phe measurement of the shear piezoelectric coefficients of polyvinylidene ‘fhuoride”, Ferroelectrics 67: 137. doi:10.1080/00150198608245016 (agp fds. do.org/10.1080%2F00150198608245016). muar history — Kureha America, Inc, manufacture seaguar/seaguar-history-01 htm) Retrieved ffom "http//en. wikipedia org/w/index.php?tile-Polyvinylidene_fuoride&oldid=540663254" Categories: Ferroeketric materials | Fluoropolymers | Organofluorides | Piezoelectric materials | Plastics Thermoplastics site (httpd/www.se: = This page was last modified on 26 February 2013 at 16:09. = Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareA like License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization, enskpeciacrghal/Polyiylidene Nucride a4