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CROCO Advanced Course

WRF

Andr´es Sep´ulveda

Department of Geophysics
University of Concepción

27 January 2021

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What is WRF?
I Simple Description.
I Descripci´on T´ecnica.
I C´omo se organiza.
I Basic References.

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WRF - LOGO

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¿Como se pronounce WRF?

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Descripci´on T´ecnica

An atmospheric model for forecasting and research.

Non-hydrostatic, compressible and conservative model.
Separate time step (time split).
Solve the small scale (dx ÿ m) and the synoptic scale (dx ÿ O(100) km).
Solve structures of ÿ 6ÿx ÿ 8ÿx.

Schemes of fifth order in advection, and second order (in Arakawa C grid) for the rest.

It explicitly describes deep convection.

Paralelizable.
WRF-Chem, WRF-Fire, WRF-DA
Dos n´ucleos: WRF-ARW, WRF-NMM

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WRF - Spatial Resolution

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Main Physical Diagrams

Planetary boundary layer (PBL)

Surface layer
Microf´ÿsica

Land Surface Model (LSM)

wide wave radiation
shortwave radiation
Cumulus parameterization

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WRF - F´ÿsica

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WRF - Flowchart

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WRF - Time Step

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WRF - Grilla Arakawa C

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WRF - Sigma Levels

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WRF - Number Schemes

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Global Forecast System (GFS)

Period: Since 1991. Recently (05/2019) based on the GFDL Finite-Volume

Cubed Sphere.
Spatial resolution: (ÿ 13km). Grilled, 0.5ÿ and 0.25ÿ .
Temporary resolution: Hourly departures for the first 120 hours. Every 3
hours from day 5 to 16.
Vertical resolution: 46 vertical pressure levels (post-processed
files), .
Formato: GRIB, NetCDF

Enlace:
https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/emc/pages/numerical forecast systems/gfs.php
Enlace: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds084.1 - GFS Hist´oricos (0p25: 201501–)

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FNL (GFS)

Period: From July 30, 1999 to date.

Spatial resolution: 1ÿ .
Resoluci´on temporal: 6h.
Vertical resolution: 26+ pressure levels.
Format: GRIB1 and GRIB2.
An improvement to the GFS/AVN initialization file

Link: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds083.2/

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ECMWF – ERA5

Period: 1950/01/01 to date.

Spatial resolution: 0.3 ÿ (T636, ÿ 31 km).
Temporal resolution: 1 h.
Vertical Resolution: 137 vertical levels, down to .01 hPa.
Formato: NetCDF
ERA5T: Preliminary output, released a couple of days later.

Links:
https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5

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Comparisons - ERA-Interim vs CFSR

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Physical Settings

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Physical Settings

Definition: Represent by algorithms or statistically the effects of physical

processes that cannot be represented in a model, depending on variables that are
included.
Reasons:
I The small scales involved make it computationally very expensive
to represent the process directly.
I The complexity of a process makes it computationally very expensive
represent the process directly.
I There is not enough knowledge about how a process works to represent
it explicitly mathematically.

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Physical Settings
examples

Convective Processes (Cumulus)

Cloud Microphysics
Turbulence
Radiaci´on

Ground-Surface Processes (LSM)

Planetary boundary layer

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Physical Settings
Grades

It is typical to describe them, and develop them separately.

However, the settings interact. Example: The spectral solar
radiation parameterization represents an energy flux at the earth's surface,
and the ground-surface parameterizations partition a segment on the latent
heat of the ground. The resulting soil-atmosphere flux provides boundary
conditions for the surface layer and for the surface boundary layer of
turbulence, which affects the distribution of heat and moisture, involving
convection, which affects clouds. convective and therefore the solar radiation
that reaches the surface (we went back to the beginning).

This even affects the order in which the settings are calculated, and in some
cases values are taken from the previous time step.

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Physical Settings

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Settings
Precipitaci´on

The total volume of rainwater is sensitive to the parameterization of cumulus.

Wang, W., Seaman, N.L., 1997. A comparison study of convective parameterization

schemes in a mesoscale model.
Mon. Weather Rev. 125, 252-278. 11 cu
physics options available
0, no cumulus
1, Kain-Fritsch (new Eta) scheme
2, Betts-Miller-Janjic scheme
3, Grell-Devenyi ensemble scheme
4, Old GFS simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme
5, Grell 3D ensemble scheme
6, Modifed Tiedtke scheme (ARW only)
7, Zhang-McFarlane scheme from CAM5 (CESM 1_0_1)
14, New GFS simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme from YSU (ARW)
84, New GFS simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme (HWRF) 99, previous
Kain-Fritsch scheme

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WRF
Key Files

namelist.wps Domain configuration

&share
wrf_core = 'ARW',
max_dom = 2,
start_date = ’2006-08-16_12:00:00’,’2006-08-16_12:00:00’,
end_date = ’2006-08-16_18:00:00’,’2006-08-16_12:00:00’,
interval_seconds = 21600

opt_output_from_geogrid_path = ’./’,
debug_level = 0
/
start_date = ’2000-01-24_12:00:00’,’2000-01-24_12:00:00’,
end_date = ’2000-01-25_12:00:00’,’2000-01-24_12:00:00’,

& geogrid
parent_id = 1, 1,
parent_grid_ratio = 1, 3,
i_parent_start = 1, 31,
j_parent_start = 1, 17,
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WRF
Key Files

namelist.input Equivalente a croco.in+cppdefs.h

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Basic References
WRF: Skamarock, W. C., & Klemp, J. B. (2008). A time-split
nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting
applications. Journal of Computational Physics, 227(7), 3465-3485.
CFSR: Saha, S. et al., 2010. The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 91(8), pp.1015-1057.
ERA-Interim: Dee, D.P., Uppala, S.M., Simmons, A.J., et al., 2011. The
ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data
assimilation system. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 137 (656), 553-597.
Comparaci´on Stopa, J. E., Cheung, K. F. (2014). Intercomparison of wind
and wave data from the ECMWF Reanalysis Interim and the NCEP Climate
Forecast System Reanalysis. Ocean Modelling, 75, 65-83.
ERA5: Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) (2017): ERA5: Fifth
generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate .
Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store (CDS), date of
access. https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp!/home Physical
configuration references.

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