Chapter 1 Lessons

CHAPTER 1- NATURE OF
MATHEMATICS
PREPARED BY :
Instr. Z . Gregorio
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

1
1. 1.The W’s and H of
Mathematics

2
What is Mathematics for?
Organize patterns Predict the behavior of

Mitigate hazard exposure
and regularities in nature and phenomena,
and vulnerability,
the world forecasting weather,
disasters, epidemics, effect
population growth.
of climate change, etc.
MATHEMATICS IS INDISPENSIBLE.

3
What is Mathematics?
Mathematics deals with quantitative facts and relationships as well as with

problems involving space and form. It enables man to study various
phenomena in space and establish different types of relationship between
magnitudes of quantitative facts.
It is therefore, safe to say that mathematics is a useful field of interest of
human life.

4
Where is Mathematics?
It is all around us and helps us to

understand the world better.
Learning and appreciating Math can

help us appreciate things that we do
not notice about the world.
In reality, Math is everywhere!

5
What is Mathematics about?
Mathematics is about the concepts of

numbers and their operations,
shapes, patterns, symbols, notations,
equations, functions and relations.

5
Who uses Mathematics?
Mathematicians, learners having mathematics courses, scientists, statisticians,

everybody uses mathematics in their day-to-day lives.

7
Why is Mathematics important to
know/learn?
Mathematics is essential in our day to
day lives thus, we need to know simple
basic mathematics.
It is very practical and applicable in
our daily transactions.
In learning mathematics, we develop
our critical and analytical thinking
skills which can help us solve not only
mathematical problems but also
problems in real life situations.

8
How is Mathematics done?
Mathematics is done with estimation, trial and error and seeking for the correct
and accurate answers through a process.

9
ACTIVITY NO.1
1. Students look around and take a picture of an object, plant, or flower in your
surroundings and relate it to mathematics. Discuss your findings and observations.
2. Watch the video “ SACRED GEOMETRY TAUGHT IN A DONALD DUCK CARTOONS”.
After watching the video, answer the following questions:
• What new ideas about mathematics did you learn?
• What is it about mathematics that might have changed your thought about it?
• What is most useful about mathematics for humankind?

10
1.2. Mathematics in
our world
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 11

Exercise 1. Identify the next number or figure
1) -2 -8 -14 -20 _____

2) I V X L _____
3) 24 21 18 15 _____
4) TCD, UEF, VGH, ____, XKL
5) Which figure completes the sequence?
(https://www.wikijob.co.uk/content/aptitude-tests/test-types/abstract-
reasoning)

PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND
THE WORLD
Patterns are regular and

repeated form or design.
They also indicate sense
of structure and
organization found in https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/beautiful-wooing-
peacock-close-up-fantastic-colors-patterns-
https://www.yahootours.in/upload/files/Ka
shimir%20paradise%20on%20earth/day%
human beings and nature

139152347.jpg 205%20pic%201.jpg
itself. One most significant

in a pattern is the
presence of symmetry.
https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-
a3bc70d07b5399f67c528ac3d9e92c21.webp

SYMMETRY
• Symmetry occurs when you draw an
imaginary line across an object and
resulting parts are mirror images of
each other. This type of symmetry
is known as line or bilateral symmetry,
is evident in most animals, including
humans. https://cf.ydcdn.net/latest/images/main/A5 https://biologydictionary.net/wp-
content/uploads/2017/02/Sagittal.jpg
•
bilateralsym.jpg
Other types of symmetry depend on
the number of sides or faces that are
symmetrical. Three-fold symmetry
occurs when there are three petals
that look alike. There is five-fold
symmetry found in starfish. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b2/2b/ef/b22bef92b2942ae6df2285b9
b00a36a6.jpg

Rotational Symmetry
• A figure has a rotational
symmetry of order n (n-
fold rotational symmetry)
if 1/n of a complete turn https://mathstat.slu.edu/escher/images/thu
mb/5/5b/Spiderwort-Blue-Flower.jpg/250px-
https://d1whtlypfis84e.cloudfront.net/guides/wp-
leaves the figure Spiderwort-Blue-Flower.jpg

content/uploads/2018/03/29121613/images-
32.jpg
unchanged.
• The angle of rotation is
determined by the formula:
360°
Angle of rotation = 𝑛
https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/images/ https://img.favpng.com/9/12/10/rotational-
dart-board.jpg symmetry-sea-starfish-stock-photography.jpg

Note that, the act of taking an object and moving it from some starting position
to some ending position without altering its shape or size is called a rigid
motion or also known as isometry.
https://uploads.toptal.io/blog/image/764/toptal-blog-image-
https://d20khd7ddkh5ls.cloudfront.net/rotation.png 1421916899496.jpg
https://cdnb.artstation.com/p/assets/images/images/018/892/47
1/large/ackygama-loc-nguyen-map.jpg?1561127170 https://media.indiedb.com/images/members/3/284
8/2847518/profile/isometric_rotation.1.gif
16
Four Basic Rigid Motions
1. Reflection
It is a rigid motion that moves an
object into a new position that is a
mirror image of the starting
position. https://dwblog.melissaanddoug.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/whydobabieslove.jpg
2. Rotation
It is a rigid motion that pivots or
swings an object around a fixed
point O.
https://www.pas.rochester.edu/~blackman/ast104/planet_orbits-inner-sideview.gif

3. Translation
This consists of essentially
dragging an object in a specified
direction and by a specified amount
(the length of translation. https://www.mathwarehouse.com/transformations/images/isometries/r
ight-triangle-over-y-axis-as-isometry-animation-322x222.gif
4. Glide Reflection
It is a rigid motion obtained by
combining a translation (the glide)
with a reflection.
https://o.quizlet.com/RFF03HHlMb7xSZEPcIC1bg.png

FRACTALS
• A curve or geometric figure, each part of
which has the same statistical character as
the whole. A fractal is a never-ending
pattern found in nature. The exact same
shape is replicated in a process called “self https://thefractalforge.com//jpg https://live.staticflickr.com.jpg
similarity”. This pattern repeats itself over

and over again at different scales.
• For example, a tree grows by repetitive
branching. This same kind of branching
can be seen in lighting bolts and the veins
in your body. Examine a single fern or an
aerial view of an entire river system and
you’ll see fractal patterns.
https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/3.jpg https://1.bp.blogspot.comby/fern.png

SPIRALS
• A logarithmic spiral or growth spiral
is a self-similar spiral curve which
often appears in nature. It was first
describe by Rene Descartes and was
later investigated by Jacob Bernoulli.
• https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ce/60/.jpg https://i.pinimg.com/originals/fe/56/be/.jpg
A spiral is a curved pattern that
focuses on a center point and a series
of circular shapes that revolve around
it. Examples of spirals are pine cones,
pineapples, hurricanes. The reason for
why plants use a spiral form is because
they are constantly trying to grow but
stay secure.
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_FASr4MAq00/maxresdefault.jpg

Exercise 2: What Comes Next?
1) 6 12 18 24 _____
2) A C E G _____
3) 67 61 56 50 _____
4) QCF, REH, SGJ, ____, UKN
5) 1, 4, 9, 16, ______
6) Choose the one odd one out.
https://www.datocms-assets.com/7756/1580913282-fig3.jpg

21
ACTIVITY 2
1. Students walk around your room, visit a garden or take a

tour inside your home, sketch an object that exhibits
(symmetry, fractals and spirals). Write down your findings and
observations.
2. Give 5 daily situations in your life or happenings in nature
that are govern by patterns.

22
1.3. Series and
Sequences

Sequence
• It is a group of numbers following a pattern based on a specific rule.

• A sequence is an ordered list of numbers, called terms that may have
repeated values. The arrangement of these terms is set by a definite
rule. Sequences can either be finite or infinite.

 ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
• A sequence of numbers to which the same amount has been added or
subtracted.
Let 𝑎1 be the first term, 𝑛 be the number of terms, 𝑑 be the common difference, 𝑎𝑛 be
the last term. In general, the terms of an arithmetic sequence are :
𝑎1 , 𝑎1 + 𝑑 , 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 + 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 , … 𝑎1 + (𝑛-1) d
To find the nth term

of an arithmetic
progression, use the
formula:

Examples
1. Find the 46th term of the sequence 3,8,13,18 …
𝑎1 = 3, d = 5 , n= 46, 𝑎46 =?
Using the formula: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (n – 1) d
𝑎46 = 3 + (46 – 1) 5
= 3 + (45) 5
= 3 + 225
𝑎46 = 228
2. Find the number of terms if 𝑎1 = -3 , d = -3 , 𝑎𝑛 = -33
-33 = -3 + (n- 1) -3
-33 = -3 - 3n + 3
-33 = -3n
n = 11

3. Solve for the common difference if 𝑎1 = 3, n = 5, 𝑎5 = 23
23 = 3 + (5 - 1) d
23 = 3 + 4d
-4d = 3 - 23
d=5
4. Find the first term if 𝑎5 = 55, n= 5, d= 10
55 = 𝑎1 + (5 - 1) 10
55 = 𝑎1 + 40
𝑎1 = 55 - 40
𝑎1 = 15

Exercise 1: Observe the following sequences, fill- in and explain the
pattern.
1. 40, 20, 10, 5, ___, ___ …
2. 5, 9, 13, 17, ___, ___ …
3. 7, 15, 23, 31, ___, ___ …
4. 31, 24, 17, 10, ___, ___ …
5. -14, -10, -6, -2, ___, ___ …

Exercise 2: Solve for the value of unknown using the formula for
arithmetic sequence.
1. 𝑎1 = 13 , d = 4 , n = 10, 𝑎10 = ?
2. 𝑎1 = 5, d = 5, 𝑎𝑛 = 395 , n = ?
3. 𝑎1 = 5, 𝑎7 = 17, n = 7, d = ?
4. 𝑎16= 48, n = 16, d = 3, 𝑎1= ?

Arithmetic Mean
• Arithmetic means are the terms between two given terms of an

arithmetic progression or sequence.
• For example, three arithmetic means between 2 and 18 in the
progression below 6,10, and 14 since 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, … is an
arithmetic progression.

Arithmetic Series
The sum of the terms in an arithmetic sequence.
The formula for the Sum of an Arithmetic Series is
𝑛
𝑠𝑛 = [ 2𝑎1 + (n – 1) d
2
where S = the sum
n = the number of items
𝑎1 = the first term
d = the common difference

Example 1. Find the three arithmetic means between 2 and 14.
Solution: 𝑎1 = 2 𝑎5 = 14 d =?
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (n– 1) d
14 = 2 + (5 - 1) d
14 = 2 + 4d
4d = 12
d=3
Hence,
𝑎4 = 2 + (4 -1) (3) = 2 + 9 = 11
𝑎3 = 2 + (3 -1) (3) = 2 + 6 = 8
𝑎2 = 2 + (2 -1) (3) = 2 + 3 = 5
The three arithmetic means between 2 and 14 are 5, 8, 11.
The arithmetic sequence is 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14.

Example 1. Find the sum of the first ten terms of the arithmetic
series 4 + 10 +16 + ….
Solution: 𝑎1 = 4; n = 10; d = 6
𝑛
Formula: 𝑠𝑛 = 2 [ 2𝑎1 + (n – 1) d
10
𝑠10 = 2 [ 2(4) + (10 – 1) 6
= 5 [8 + 9 (6)]
= 5 (8 + 54)
= 5 (62)
𝑠10 = 310

Exercise 3: Solve the for the unknown values. Show your process.
1. The fourth term of an arithmetic sequence is 18 and the sixth term is

28. Give the first three terms.
2. 𝑎1 = 3; d = 5 ; n = 11, 𝑠11 = ?
3. 𝑎1 = 10; d = -4 ; n = 8, 𝑠8 = ?

 HARMONIC SEQUENCE
• Harmonic sequence is a sequence of a number 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , …

1 1 1
such that their reciprocals , , , … form an arithmetic
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3
sequence (numbers separated by a common difference).
• To solve problems involving harmonic sequence, get the
reciprocal of each term as you convert the sequence into
arithmetic sequence.

1 1 1 1
Example 1. Find the next three terms in the harmonic sequence , , , , …
2 6 10 14
Solution:
Step 1. Change the sequence to arithmetic sequence by getting the reciprocal of the terms resulting to the sequence 2, 6, 10, 14, …
Step 2. Find the 5th , 6th , and 7th term.
𝑎1 = 2 , d = 6 – 2= 4
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (n– 1) d
𝑎5 = 2+ (5 – 1) 4 𝑎6 = 2+ (6 – 1) 4 𝑎7 = 2+ (7 – 1) 4
𝑎5 = 2 + (4) 4 𝑎6 = 2 + (5) 4 𝑎7 = 2 + (6) 4
𝑎5 = 18 𝑎6 = 22 𝑎7 = 26
Step 3. Convert the sequence into harmonic.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hence, the harmonic sequence is 2 , 6 , 10 , 14, 18, 22, 26, …
1
The fifth term in the harmonic sequence is
18
1
The fifth term in the harmonic sequence is 22
1
The fifth term in the harmonic sequence is 26

 GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
• A geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term is obtained by
multiplying the preceding term by a constant number, called a common
ratio, r.
• For example, in the sequence “2, 4, 8, 16, 32 … “ each number is
multiplied by 2. The number 2 is the common ratio for this geometric
sequence.
a) 1, 3, 9, 27, ___, ____
b) 5, 10, 20, 40, ___, ____
c) 48, 24, 12, ____, _____

Geometric Term
If 𝑎1 denoted the first term and common ration is denoted

by r, the geometric sequence for n terms will be: 𝑎1 , 𝑎1 𝑟,
𝑎1 𝑟 1 , 𝑎1 𝑟 3 , … 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 where the nth term is 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1

Examples
2, 4, 8, 16, 32 -1, -2, -4, -8, -16

𝑎1 = 2; r = 2; n = 5 𝑎1 = -1; r = 2; n = 5
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑎6 = 2 (2)5 = 64 𝑎6 = -1 (2)5 = -32
𝑎7 = 2 (2)6 = 128 𝑎7 = -1 (2)6 = -64
𝑎8 = 2 (2)7 = 256 𝑎8 = -1 (2)7 = -128

1. Find the tenth term of a geometric sequence 2, 4, 8, …
Solution: 𝑎1 = 2; r = 2; and n = 10.
Formula: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑎10 = 2 (2)10−1
= 2 (2)9
= 1024 – tenth term
1 128
2. Find r in a geometric sequence if the first term is 3 and the eighth term is .
3
1 128
Solution: 𝑎1 = ; 𝑎8 = ; and n = 8
3 3
128 1
= 3 (r)8-1
3
128 1
= 3 (r)7
3
r7 = 128 or 27
r = 2 – common ratio
3. What term is 2916 in the geometric sequence 4, 12, 36, … ?
Solution: 𝑎1 = 4; 𝑟 = 3; and 𝑎𝑛 = 2916
2916= 4 (3)𝑛−1
𝑛−1
729 = 3
6=n–1
n = 7 – (2916 is the 7th term)

Geometric Series
The formula for the sum of the first n terms in a geometric series is
𝑎1 − 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛
Sn = 1−𝑟
where Sn = the sum
𝑎1 = the first term
𝑛 = number of terms
𝑟 = the constant ratio, r ≠ 1

Example
1) Find the sum of the seven terns of a geometric sequence, 3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + …

Solution: 𝑎1 = 3; r = 2; and n = 7
𝑎1 − 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛
Formula: Sn = 1−𝑟
3− 3 ( 27 ) 3− 3 (128) 3−384 −381
Sn = = = = = 381
1−2 −1 −1 −1

1. 4. Fibonacci
Sequence and Golden
Ratio

Leonardo of pisa
• Fibonacci, also known as Leonardo Bonacci, Leonardo of
Pisa, or Leonardo Bigollo Pisano, was an Italian
mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be
"the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle
Ages
• The name he is commonly called, Fibonacci, was made up in
1838 by the Franco-Italian historian Guillaume Libri and is
short for filius Bonacci ('son of Bonacci'). However, even
earlier in 1506 a notary of the Roman Empire Perizolo
mentions Leonardo as "Leonardo Fibonacci".
• Fibonacci popularized the Hindu–Arabic numeral system in
the Western World primarily through his composition in 1202
of Liber Abaci (Book of Calculation).He also introduced
Europe to the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, which he used
as an example in Liber Abaci.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
• The Fibonacci sequence is a sequence

of numbers with a pattern. Each
number is the sum of the two numbers
in the sequence before it. The
Fibonacci sequence, make up one of
the most famous number patterns in the
history of math.

The Rabbit Problem
At the beginning of a month, you are

given a pair of newborn rabbits. After
a month the rabbits have produced
no offspring; however, every month
thereafter, the pair of rabbits
produces another pair of rabbits.
The offspring reproduce in exactly
the same manner. If none of the
rabbits dies, how many pairs of
rabbits will there be at the start of
each succeeding month?

We start with 1 pair Did you
of new born rabbits know?
Fibonacci
After a month, they are old was the one
enough to have their own who made
baby rabbits the Arabic
After two months they have a numbers we
pair of babies and now there use today
are two pairs of rabbits in total popular in his
book Liber
The baby rabbits take a Abaci, which
month to mature before they means Book
have their own babies. of
Meanwhile, the first two Calculation.
rabbits have another pair of It was
babies for a total of 3 pairs published in
1202.
This pattern continues until there are 5 pairs , 8 pairs, 13 pairs and … The numbers of
pairs of rabbits each month are all numbers in the Fibonacci Sequence.

The Fibonacci Sequence
MONTH JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULY AUG
NO. OF PAIRS 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21
OF RABBITS
The Fibonacci sequence arises because the number of pairs of

rabbits in the cage in a given month is equal to the number there in the
previous month plus the number of pairs of babies born, and this is
just equal to the number of mature pair present, i.e. all those rabbits in
the cage two months previously. For example, in September there will
be the 21 pairs present in August plus 13 pairs of babies born to the 13
mature pairs (they were all those present in July).

Fibonacci Numbers
The Fibonacci numbers are 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
𝐹𝑛 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144
As seen in the table, the 8th term is 21.

To find the 9th term, 34 simply add the 7th term 13
and the 18th term 21.
𝐹9= 𝐹8 + 𝐹7 𝐹9= 𝐹8 + 𝐹7
𝐹9= 𝐹9−1+ 𝐹9−2 𝐹9= 21 + 13
𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1+ 𝐹𝑛−2 for n ≥ 3. 𝐹9= 34
Exercise 1
Let 𝐹𝑛 be the nth terms of the Fibonacci
Sequence, with 𝐹1 = 1 , 𝐹2 = 1, 𝐹3 = 2, and so on.
a. Find 𝐹15
b. Find 𝐹10
c. If 𝐹21 = 10,946 and 𝐹22 = 28, 657, what is 𝐹20 ?
d. Evaluate 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 + 𝐹4 + 𝐹5 = ?

The Fibonacci Numbers in Nature
• Many aspects of nature

are grouped in bunches
equaling Fibonacci
numbers.
• For example, the
number of petals on a
flower tend to be a
Fibonacci number.

Think about it!
Think about yourself. You should have:
• 5 fingers on each hand
• 5 toes on each foot
• 2 arms
• 2 legs
• 2 eyes
• 2 ears
• 2 sections per leg
• 2 sections per arm
THE GOLDEN RATIO
• The first 12 terms in the Fibonacci sequence

are 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144.
• Using your calculator study the ratios of
successive terms larger to smaller. These
results are from an 8-digit calculator.
The sequence of ratios is converging by

oscillating below and above this limiting value
called the Golden Ratio (φ) = 1.6180339…

The Application of Golden Ratio
• Remember how flowers have leaves and
petals arranged in sets of Fibonacci
numbers?
• The golden ratio has also been used to
analyze the proportions of natural objects as
well as man-made systems such as financial
markets, in some cases based on dubious
fits to data. The golden ratio appears in
some patterns in nature, including
the spiral arrangement of leaves and other
plant parts.
• This ensures that there are F leaves and
petals per turn of the stem, which allows for
maximum exposure to sunlight, rain, and
insects.

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Chapter 1 Lessons

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CHAPTER 1- NATURE OF

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

Organize patterns Predict the behavior of

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

Mathematics deals with quantitative facts and relationships as well as with

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

It is all around us and helps us to

Learning and appreciating Math can

In reality, Math is everywhere!

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

Mathematics is about the concepts of

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

Mathematicians, learners having mathematics courses, scientists, statisticians,

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 11

1) -2 -8 -14 -20 _____

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 12

Patterns are regular and

human beings and nature

itself. One most significant

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 13

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 14

leaves the figure Spiderwort-Blue-Flower.jpg

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 15

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 17

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 18

similarity”. This pattern repeats itself over

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 19

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 20

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

1. Students walk around your room, visit a garden or take a

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 23

• It is a group of numbers following a pattern based on a specific rule.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 24

To find the nth term

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 25

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• Arithmetic means are the terms between two given terms of an

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INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 31

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 32

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1. The fourth term of an arithmetic sequence is 18 and the sixth term is

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 34

• Harmonic sequence is a sequence of a number 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , …

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 35

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 36

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN MATHEMATICS OF THE MODERN WORLD 37

If 𝑎1 denoted the first term and common ration is denoted

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2, 4, 8, 16, 32 -1, -2, -4, -8, -16

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1) Find the sum of the seven terns of a geometric sequence, 3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + …

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