E; hello everybody ,today me and my team are going to present a

collection of slide based on transgenic animals . this team constsits of

enba sagar (myself),keshav nath,krithish

INDEX ;
WE WILL BE SEEING THESE TOPICS RELATED TO
TRANSGENIC ANIMALS STARTING WITH INTRODUCDION
AND DEFINTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND TRANSGENIC
ANIMALS . WHICH WILL BE EXPLAINED BY ME ,
HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDS EXPLAINED BY KRITHISH .
GENE TRANSFER METHODS EXPLANIED BY ME AND
KESHAV NATH . APPLICATION OF TRANS GENIC ANIMALS
EXPLAINED BY KRITHISH , ADVANATAGES AND
DISADVANTES OF TRANSGENIC ANIMLAS EXPLAINED BY
KESHAV NATH .

INTRODUCTION
In Biotechnology conventional animals breeding methods have been
in practice for better traits such as growth rate, milk production,
superior wool quality etc.
Biotechnology is basically studies about editing of genes
Genetic engineering offers novel technique is called transgenesis . One of the first reports of
transgenic animals were produced in 1981 by Ralph Brinster of University of Pennsylvania and Pal
miter of Richard University at Washington. They reduced introducing gene for rat growth hormone.

processes of modification of the genome of a organisim

DEFINITIONS
An individual in which a gene or genes were introduced by one or other technique of transfection to
the genome of an animal is called transgenic animals”. OR “A transgenic animal is one that carries a
foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome”. The gene introduces by transfection
is called transgene. And the transgenesis is defined as the introduction of exogenous DNA into the
genome, such that it is stably maintained in a heritable manner

HISTORICAL BACKGROUD ( KRITHISH)

Prior to the development of molecular genetics, the only way of
studying the regulation and function of mammalian genes was
through the observation of inherited characteristics or spontaneous
mutations. Long before Mendel and any molecular genetic
knowledge, selective breeding was a common practice among farmers
for the enhancement of chosen traits, e.g., increased milk production.
During the 1970s, the first chimeric mice were produced (Brinster,
1974). The cells of two different embryos of different strains were
combined together at an early stage of development (eight cells) to
form a single embryo that subsequently developed into a chimeric
adult, exhibiting characteristics of each strain. The mutual
contributions of developmental biology and genetic engineering
permitted rapid development of the techniques for the creation of
transgenic animals. DNA microinjection, the first technique to prove
successful in mammals, was first applied to mice (Gordon and
Ruddle, 1981) and then developed: those of retrovirus-mediated
transgenesis (Jaenisch, 1976) and embryonic stem (ES) cell-mediated
gene transfer (Gossler et al., 1986). Since 1981, when the term
transgenic was first used by J.W. Gordon and F.H. Ruddle (1981),
there has been rapid development in the use of genetically engineered
animals as investigators have found an increasing number of
applications for the technology.
GENE TRANSFER METHODS ( ENBA SAGAR)
Calcium Phosphate Precipitation

Lipofection

Electroporating

Microinjection

ARE THE TYPES OF GENE TRANSFER METHOD

Calcium Phosphate Precipitation ( EXPLAIN OF IMAGE )

Lipofection;
The delivery of DNA into the cells using liposomes is called lipofication.

Liposomes are small vesicles prepared from a suitable lipid.

Electroporation;( keshav nath)
This is the process of use of electric charges to the cell to bring
negatively charged genes and drugs into the system of cell.
( read image )
MICROINJECTION;
MICROINJECTION JUST AS THE NAME SUGGESTS IS
INJECTING OF GENTIC COMPONANTES INTO THE CELL
USING VERY SMALL INJECTION .
ENBA SAGAR
READ THE NEXT TWO SLIDES
KRITHISH
READ THE NEXT ONE SLIDE
KESHAV NATH
READ THE LAST TWO ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTES