Arhistory2 - Revivalist Architecture

REVIVALIST
ARCHITECTURE
18th Century – 19th Century
Authorship + Disclaimer
This work is the property of
Ar. Robert Z. Salonga.
For questions, contact the author
rhobiesalonga03@gmail.com and
robertsalonga_03@yahoo.com.
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CONTENTS:
1. HISTORY
2. GEOGRAPHICAL
3. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
4. ARCHITECTS
5. STRUCTURES & LANDMARKS
The Historical Architecture Timeline
HOA1
Pre-Historic Egyptian Near East Greek Roman Early Christian Byzantine
HOA2
Romanesque Gothic Renaissance Industrial Revivalist Modern Post-Modern
HOA 3
Islamic Indian Chinese Japanese

HOA 4
Filipino Architecture
REVIVALIST ARCHITECTURE
Revivalism
• Revivalism really took-off during the 19th century, in part as
a romantic reaction to the impersonal nature of the
Industrial Revolution.
• Usually, classically inspired styles such as Greek Revival and
Roman Revival were madly popular in the US and Europe.
American
Architecture
• Architecture in the United States is as diverse as its
multicultural society and has been shaped by many internal
and external factors and regional distinctions.
• As a whole it represents a rich eclectic and innovative
tradition.
Colonization of the United States

• The colonial history of the United States covers
the history of European settlements from the
start of colonization of America until their
incorporation into the United States.
• America came to be known as the “New World”.
• There are two goals in the colonial periods of
America: 1. Mercantile,
2. Liberty from religious persecution
Colonization of the United States

• Diversity was an American characteristic
• European settlers came from a variety of social and
religious groups.
• They built colonies with distinctive social, religious,
political, and economic styles.
• In the 19th century alone, over 50 million emigrants
left Europe for the Americas
AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE
American Architecture can fit
into four main categories:
• Renaissance Revival -based on
English, Italian, French and Dutch
Architectural Methods of the
14th+ Century
• Classical Revival -based on Greek Monticello, Virginia
and Roman Architecture Bank of Italy, SF
• Medieval Revival -based on Dark

Ages/Medieval Architecture
• Modern -based on putting aside
the past and looking toward the
future
Washington National Cathedral, WDC Taliesin East West Wing, Wisconsin

AMERICAN COLONIAL & POST COLONIAL

TIMELINE
• Colonial Architecture 1600-1820 • Victorian Architecture c. 1870-1900
o Dutch Colonial o Second Empire
o French Colonial o Stick
o Spanish Colonial o Queen Anne
o Georgian Colonial o Shingle
• Romantic Architecture c.1820-1880 o Richardson Romanesque
o Greek Revival o Folk Victorian
o Gothic Revival • Early 20th-Century 1900-1920
o Italianate o Colonial Revival
o Exotic Revival o Neoclassical
o Octagon o Tudor
o Chateauesque
o Beaux Arts
o French Eclectic
o International I
Colonial
Architecture
• Stately, Symmetrical appearance being rectangular shape
with two stories.
• Gables on the side and an entry door at the center.
• To conserve heat, a massive chimney ran through the center.
• Double-hung windows usually have many small, equally sized
square panes or “candles” separated with “mutton-bars.”
DUTCH COLONIAL
• Houses in the Dutch
colonies incorporated
steeply pitched gambrel
roofs, batten doors and
paired chimneys —
details common to the
architecture in their
homeland.
FRENCH COLONIAL
• Elements of French Colonial
architecture still exist in
southern Louisiana and
Mississippi.
• French Colonial homes
featured tall, narrow doors
and windows.
• The roofs were hipped or side
gabled, and windows often
had paired shutters.
SPANISH COLONIAL
• One story, low-roofed dwellings
characterized the homes and
public buildings of Spain's
American colonies.
• These homes often had a number
of external doors but few
windows.
• Stucco and adobe walls and flat or
red tile roofs gave these dwellings
their distinctive appearance.
• This style continues to influence the architecture of the
American Southwest.
GEORGIAN COLONIAL
• Mostly found in the southern
states.
• Georgian homes incorporated
characteristics of the well-known
English Colonial homes along
with paneled doors with ornate
crowns and support pilasters.
• Georgian homes were designed to
be high-style formal dwellings.
• They were typically symmetrical and evenly proportioned, with
gabled or hipped roofs and double-hung windows with nine to
twelve panes for each sash.
Romanticism
• Turning to styles of the past to draw playful forms that
addressed the emotions. It allowed architects to tailor
historical styles according to the particulars of building type
and location.
STRAWBERRY HILL
• A Gothic Revival villa that was
built in Twickenham, London
by Horace Walpole.
• It is the type example of the
"Strawberry Hill Gothic"
style of architecture, and it
prefigured the nineteenth-
century Gothic Revival.
• This style has variously been
described as Georgian
Gothic, Strawberry Hill
Gothic, or Georgian Rococo.
STRAWBERRY HILL
Twickenham, London
Gothic Revival
• Revived the spirit and forms of Gothic architecture.
• Remained the accepted style for churches in the U.S. into
the 20th century.
• Also referred to as Victorian Gothic, Neo-Gothic or Jigsaw
Gothic.
GOTHIC REVIVAL
• British-born movement (aka Neo-gothic) may be
considered the architectural manifestation
of Romanticism, given the Romantic affinity for medieval
nostalgia and the wild, fanciful nature of the Gothic style.
• In addition to Gothic, Romanesque was also revived; the
resulting style is known specifically as Neoromanesque,
though the term "Neogothic" is often stretched to
include it.
• Likewise, the term "Neoclassical" is often stretched to
include the Neobaroque aesthetic.
AUGUSTUS PUGIN
• An English architect, designer,
artist, and critic who is principally
remembered for his pioneering
role in the Gothic Revival style
of architecture.
HOUSE OF
PARLIAMENT
• Formally the Palace of Westminster
that serves as the meeting place of the
two houses of the Parliament of the
United Kingdom, (the House of
Commons and the House of Lords).
• The architect Charles Barry won with
a design for new buildings in the Gothic
Revival style, specifically inspired by
the English Perpendicular Gothic style
of the 14th–16th centuries.
• The Palace of Westminster has three
main towers. (The Victorian, Elizabeth
& Central Tower)
HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
London, England
THE BIG BEN
• At the north end of the Palace rises
the most famous of the towers,
Elizabeth Tower, (96 meters)
commonly known as Big Ben.
• The Clock Tower was designed by
Augustus Pugin and built after his
death. Charles Barry asked Pugin
to design the clock tower because
Pugin had previously helped Barry
design the Palace.
Exoticism
• (1800-1900)
• A trend in European art and design, influenced by some
ethnic groups or civilizations from the late 19thcentury.
EXOTICISM
• Non-western cultures during the 19th and early
20th centuries inspire several Exotic revivals,
including Egyptian Revival, Chinese, Turkish, and
Moorish Revival. Each is an assemblage of motifs
applied to contemporary forms.
PLUM STREET
TEMPLE
• Officially the “Isaac M. Wise
Temple”.
• Designed by James Keys Wilson
• the building reflects a synagogue
architectural style that had
emerged in Germany in the
nineteenth century, a Byzantine-
Moorish style.
PLUM STREET TEMPLE

• The complex design of Plum Street Temple mirrors many
cultures:
1. from the outside the tall proportions, three pointed arched
entrances, and rose window suggest a Gothic revival
church;
2. the crowning minarets hint of Islamic architecture; the
motif's decorating the entrances,
3. repeated in the rose window, and on the Torah Ark
introduce a Moorish theme
PLUM STREET TEMPLE

Ohio, USA
PLUM STREET TEMPLE

Ohio, USA
VCU EGYPTIAN
BUILDING
• A historic college building in Richmond,
Virginia, completed in 1845 as the
home for Hampden-Sydney College’s
Medical school, the first in the south.
• It is currently part of the campus of the
Medical College of Virginia.
• It is considered by architectural
scholars to be one of the finest
surviving Egyptian Revival-style
buildings in the nation.
• The board chose the noted
Philadelphia architect, Thomas S.
Stewart to build the College Building.
VCU EGYPTIAN BUILDING

• The building is constructed from brick, stucco and cast iron.
• Its battered walls—give an impression of solidity and height.
• A relatively minimal windows for a five-story building.
• Its distyle in antis porticoes with monumental columns at
each end. The columns have intricate palm frond capitals.
• The shafts of each column represent bundles of reeds.
• On the exterior it is found repeated in the cavetto cornices
that cap the pylons.

• On the interior, the lotus flower design is used repeatedly.
• The interior colors have intentional symbolic meaning: red
represents divine love; blue represents divine intelligence;
and the golden yellow represents the mercy of God.
• Hieroglyphs are incorporated in the antechamber
decorations and the floor tiles depict a large scarab beetle.

Virginia, USA
Victorian
Architecture
• Stately, Symmetrical appearance being rectangular shape
with two stories.
• Gables on the side and an entry door at the center.
• To conserve heat, a massive chimney ran through the center.
• Double-hung windows usually have many small, equally sized
square panes or “candles” separated with “mutton-bars.”
VICTORIAN: QUEEN’S ANNE

• Queen Anne homes frequently
feature irregular floor plans,
multiple steep roofs and porches
with decorative gables.
• Dominant octagonal or circular
towers, corbelled chimneys, and
highly decorative windows and
entry doors with glass panels.
• Ornamental spindles and brackets
• Bay windows The Voigt House
• Wall surfaces textured with decorative shingles.
VICTORIAN: SHINGLE STYLE

• A Victorian home
covered in
shingles.
• Typically found in
New England
coastal regions.
• Asymmetrical
• Arches & Open
Porches
VICTORIAN: EAST LAKE

• The lacy, ornamental
details in a Victorian Home
are called Eastlake or
Stick.
• The ornamental style is
named after the famous
English designer, Charles
Eastlake, who was famous
for making furniture
decorated with fancy
spindles.
Hackley and Hume Homes in Muskegon

covered in
shingles.
New England
coastal regions.
• Asymmetrical
• Arches & Open
Porches

• A Victorian home covered in
shingles.
• Typically found in New England
coastal regions.
• Asymmetrical
• Arches & Open Porches

covered in
shingles.
New England
coastal regions.
• Asymmetrical
• Arches & Open
Porches
VICTORIAN: RICHARDSONIAN
• A style of Romanesque
Revival architecture named
after architect Henry Hobson
Richardson.
• It emphasizes clear, strong
picturesque massing, round-
headed "Romanesque"
arches, often springing from
clusters of short squat
columns.
• Richly varied rustication, blank stretches of walling contrasting with
bands of windows, and cylindrical towers with conical caps
embedded in the walling.
RICHARDSON
OLMSTED CAMPUS
• The campus, the largest
commission of Richardson's
career, marks the advent of his
characteristic Romanesque
Revival style
• Today, the Campus is being
converted, beginning with the
now open Hotel Henry Urban
Resort Conference Center
and 100 Acres: The Kitchens
at Hotel Henry.
RICHARDSON OLMSTED CAMPUS

NewYork, USA
RICHARDSON OLMSTED CAMPUS

NewYork, USA
Neoclassicism
• Revival of using Greek and Roman orders as decorative
motifs.
• Simple, strongly geometric composition.
• Shallow reliefs on facades.
NEOCLASSICISM
• Also called the “ Federal Style”.
• Neoclassicism thrived in the United States and Europe,
with examples occurring in almost every major city.
• Structures were supported on decorated columns of Doric,
Ionic and Corinthian pillars surmounted by large
Renaissance-style domes.
• Neoclassical buildings can be divided into three main types.
A temple style building, Palladian building, and classical
block building.
THOMAS
JEFFERSON
• The 3RD president of the United
States between 1801 and 1809,
was a scholar in many domains,
including architecture.
• Had participated in the
emancipation of New World
architecture by expressing his
vision of an art-form in service of
democracy.
• He contributed to developing
the Federal style in his country by
combining European Neoclassical
architecture and American
democracy.
NEOCLASSICISM
• Some columns were multiplied and stacked, to
create an impression of height, while facades were
decorated with a combination of colonnades,
rotundas and porticoes(pediment).
• Clean, masculine, elegant styles.
• Uncluttered appearance.
• Massive geometric structures.
• Flat roof & Classical Renaissance domes
Neoclassicism: Elements
• The pediment
• The entablature
• The column
NEOCLASSICISM
• Neoclassical buildings can be divided into three main types.
1. Temple Style Building
2. Palladian Building, and
3.Classical Block Building.
NEOCLASSICISM
1. Temple Style Building
• Temple style buildings were uncommon during the
Renaissance; architects of that period focused mainly on
applying classical elements to churches and modern
buildings (e.g. palazzos, villas).
• Temple style architecture exploded during the Neoclassical
age, thanks largely to wider familiarity with classical ruins.
• Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle (a
continuous line of columns around a building), which is
rarely found in Renaissance architecture.
LA MADELAINE
• The Madeleine is built in the
Neo-Classical style and was
inspired by the much smaller
Maison Carrée in Nîmes, one
of the best-preserved of all
Roman temples.
• It was designed in its present
form as a temple to the glory
of Napoleon's army.
LA MADELEINE
Paris, France
LA MADELEINE
Paris, France
LA AMDELAINE
• La Madeleine, Paris, • Maison Carrée in Nîmes,

BALTIMORE
BASILICA
• The first Roman Catholic
cathedral built in the United
States, and was among the
first major religious buildings
constructed in the nation after
the adoption of the U.S.
Constitution.
• It is considered the
masterpiece of Benjamin
Henry Latrobe.
BALTIMORE BASILICA
Baltimore, Maryland
BALTIMORE BASILICA
Baltimore, Maryland
NEOCLASSICISM
2. Palladian Style Building
• Palladian architecture is derived from the villas of Andrea
Palladio, the greatest architect of the Late Renaissance.
• The most famous Palladian architect of the Neoclassical
period is Britain's Robert Adam, who designed many fine
country houses.
• the most famous of all Palladian buildings are two
American civic buildings, the White House and United
States Capitol
UNIVERSITY OF
VIRGINIA
• Jefferson conceived and
designed the original courses
of study and original
architecture.
• A public research university
completed by Benjamin
Latrobe applying Jefferson's
architectural concepts.
• The university library is
situated under a The
Rotunda covered by a dome
inspired by the Pantheon of
Rome.
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
Virginia, USA
Virginia, USA
Virginia, USA
THE MONTICELLO
• A 5,000 acre primary
plantation of Thomas
Jefferson after inheriting land
from his father at age 26.
• The name Monticello derives
from the Italian for "little
mount“.
• The main house was
designed using neoclassical
design principles described
by Italian Renaissance
architect Andrea Palladio.
THE MONTICELLO
Virginia, USA
THE MONTICELLO
Virginia, USA
WILLIAM THORTON
• A British-American physician,
inventor, painter and architect
who designed the United States
Capitol.
• He also served as the first
Architect of the Capitol and
first Superintendent of the
United States Patent Office.
• Thornton won on his submitted
design to the architectural
competition for the Library
Company of Philadelphia's new
hall.
UNITED STATES
CAPITOL
• Often called the Capitol
Building, is the home of the
United States Congress and
the seat of the legislative
branch of the U.S. federal
government.
• It is located on Capitol Hill at
the eastern end of the
National Mall in Washington,
D.C.
UNITED STATES CAPITOL

Washington, DC
UNITED STATES CAPITOL

Washington, DC
JAMES HOBAN
• An Irish architect, best known
for designing the White House
in Washington, D.C.
• He was named winner of the
design competition for the White
House.
• Hoban was also one of the
supervising architects who
served on the Capitol, carrying
out the design of Dr. William
Thornton.
WHITE HOUSE
• The White House is the
official residence and
workplace of the President of
the United States.
• It has been the residence of
every U.S. President since
John Adams in 1800.
WHITE HOUSE
Washington, DC
WHITE HOUSE
Washington, DC
NEOCLASSICISM
3. Classical Block
• A classical block building features a vast rectangular (or
square) plan, with a flat (or low-lying) roof and an exterior
rich in classical detail.
• The exterior is divided into multiple levels, each of which
features a repeated classical pattern, often a series of
arches and/or columns.
• It is also known as "Beaux-Arts style", since it was
developed principally by the French École des Beaux-Arts.
BENJAMIN HENRY
LATROBE
• British neoclassical architect who
emigrated to the United States.
• He was one of the first formally
trained, professional architects in
the new United States, drawing
on influences from his travels in
Italy, as well as British
and French Neoclassical
architects .
• Latrobe has been called the
“Father of American
architecture".
ST. GENEVIEVE
LIBRARY
• is a public and university
library in Paris, which
inherited the collection of the
Abbey of St Genevieve.
• The library contains around 2
million documents.
• It was designed and
constructed under the
direction of the architect Henri
Labrouste.
ST. GENEVIEVE LIBRARY

Paris, France
ST. GENEVIEVE LIBRARY

Paris, France
Beaux-arts
Eclectisicm
• Symmetrical plans and eclectic use of architectural
features.
• Often gives a massive, elaborate, and ostentatious effect.
• Copy cat era, no originality.
ECLECTICISM
• Eclecticism in architecture implies freedom on
the part of the architect or client to choose
among the styles of the past that seems to him
appropriate.
• Eclecticism is a nineteenth style in which a single
piece of work incorporates a mixture of elements
from previous historical styles to create
something that is new and original.
PALAIS GARNIER
• The opera was constructed in what
Charles Garnier (1825-1898) is
said to have told the Empress
Eugenie was "Napoleon III" style.
• The Napoleon III style was highly
eclectic, and borrowed from many
historical sources; the opera house
included elements from the
Baroque, the classicism of
Palladio, and Renaissance
architecture blended together.
PARIS OF OPERA
Paris, France
PARIS OF OPERA
Paris, France
PARIS OF OPERA
Paris, France
End of PPT

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REVIVALIST

Pre-Historic Egyptian Near East Greek Roman Early Christian Byzantine

Romanesque Gothic Renaissance Industrial Revivalist Modern Post-Modern

Islamic Indian Chinese Japanese

Colonization of the United States

Colonization of the United States

and Roman Architecture Bank of Italy, SF

• Medieval Revival -based on Dark

Washington National Cathedral, WDC Taliesin East West Wing, Wisconsin

AMERICAN COLONIAL & POST COLONIAL

PLUM STREET TEMPLE

PLUM STREET TEMPLE

PLUM STREET TEMPLE

VCU EGYPTIAN BUILDING

VCU EGYPTIAN BUILDING

VCU EGYPTIAN BUILDING

VICTORIAN: QUEEN’S ANNE

VICTORIAN: SHINGLE STYLE

VICTORIAN: EAST LAKE

VICTORIAN: SHINGLE STYLE

VICTORIAN: SHINGLE STYLE

VICTORIAN: SHINGLE STYLE

RICHARDSON OLMSTED CAMPUS

RICHARDSON OLMSTED CAMPUS

• La Madeleine, Paris, • Maison Carrée in Nîmes,

UNITED STATES CAPITOL

UNITED STATES CAPITOL

ST. GENEVIEVE LIBRARY

ST. GENEVIEVE LIBRARY

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