Lecture-4

Chapter-4: Differentiation
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(1/𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0
Q1. A function is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = , Show that 𝑓 ′ (0) does not exist.
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0

( )- ( )
Solution: We know that f'(x) = Lt
→
( ) ( )
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
( ) ( )
R.H.D: 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
ℎ ( /ℎ)
Or,𝑓′(0) = lim
→
ℎ ( /ℎ)
Or,𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim 𝑆𝑖𝑛(1/ℎ) which is not defined.
→
Hence 𝑓′(0) does not exist.

𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛(1/𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0
Q2. A function is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = , Does 𝑓 ′ (0) exist?
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0
( )- ( )
Solution: We know that f'(x) = Lt
→
( ) ( )
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
( ) ( )
R.H.D: 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
ℎ ( /ℎ)
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
ℎ ( /ℎ)
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim ℎ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(1/ℎ) = 0
→
( ) ( )
L.H.D: 𝑓(0) = lim
→
ℎ ( /ℎ)
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
ℎ ( /ℎ)
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim ℎ 𝑆𝑖𝑛(1/ℎ) = 0
→
Since R.H.D = L.H.D
Hence 𝑓′(0)exist.

3 + 2𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟  − <  𝑥 ≤ 0
Q3. If 𝑓(𝑥) = , then show that 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 but 𝑓′(0) does
3 − 2𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 <
not exist.
Solution: 1st Part: R.H.L: lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 3 − 2𝑥 = 3 − 0 = 3
→ →
L.H.L: lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 3 + 2𝑥 = 3 + 0 = 3
→ →
F.V: when 𝑥 = 0 then 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + 2𝑥 or, 𝑓(0) = 3
Since R.H.L=L.H.L=F.V, Hence f (x ) is continuous at x  0. (Proved)
 ( )- ( )
2nd Part: We know that f'(x) = Lt
→
( ) ( )
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
( ) ( )
R.H.D: 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim −2 = −2
→
( ) ( )
L.H.D: 𝑓′(𝑥) = lim
→
Or,𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or,𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim 2 = 2
→
Since R.H.D ≠ L.H.D, Hence 𝑓′(0) does not exist. (Proved)

1 + 𝑥   𝑓𝑜𝑟  𝑥 < 0
Q4. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 , find 𝑓′(𝑥) for all values of 𝑥 for which it exists.
2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 1
Does 𝑓′(𝑥) exist at those values of 𝑥 for which it exists?
1 + 𝑥   𝑓𝑜𝑟  𝑥 < 0
Solution: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 1
When x < 0, then 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 so, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1
When x > 1, then 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 5 so, 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 4

( )- ( )
We know that f'(x) = Lt
→
At x=0:
( ) ( )
R.H.D: 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim =0
→
( ) ( )
L.H.D: 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(0) = lim
→
Or,𝑓′(0) = lim 1 = 1
→
Since R.H.D ≠ L.H.D. Hence 𝑓 ′ (0) does not exist.
At x=1:
( ) ( )
R.H.D: 𝑓′(1) = lim
→
( ) ( )
Or, 𝑓′(1) = lim
→

Or, 𝑓′(1) = lim

→

2
 Or, 𝑓 (1) = lim + lim 8 + lim 2ℎ = ∞
→ → →

( ) ( )
L.H.D: 𝑓′(1) = lim
→
Or, 𝑓′(1) = lim =0
→
Since R.H.D ≠ L.H.D. Hence 𝑓′(1) does not exist.
Home Works:
1 𝑓𝑜𝑟   𝑥 < 0
5. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 < , then show that 𝑓′(𝑥)is exist at 𝑥 = but does not exist at 𝑥 = 0.
2 + (𝑥 − ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟  ≤ 𝑥

5𝑥 − 4   𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 <  𝑥 ≤ 1
6. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 < 𝑥 < 2, then discuss the continuity of 𝑓(𝑥) for𝑥 = 1 and 2, and the
3𝑥 + 4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 2
existence of 𝑓′(𝑥) for these values.
𝑥   𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 <  𝑥 < 1
7. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, Is 𝑓(𝑥) continuous at 𝑥 = 1 and 2? Does 𝑓 (𝑥) exist for these
𝑥− 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 2
values?

−   𝑓𝑜𝑟  𝑥 ≤ 0
8. If𝑓(𝑥) = , find whether 𝑓 (0) exists for 𝑛 = 1 and 2.
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 1/𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 1/𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0
9. A function is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = , Show that the function is continuous at 𝑥 = 0
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0
but is not differentiable at that point.
10. Find the differential coefficients of the following with respect to x:
(i) 𝑥 𝑒 (ii) 10 𝑥 (iii)
11. Find the differential coefficient of : (i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) (ii) 𝑥 (iii) (1 + 𝑥) (iv) 𝑥 (v) 𝑥
(vi) 𝑎 (vii) 𝑒 (viii) 𝑒 (ix) 𝑥 (x) (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) (xi) 𝑥 (xii) (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) (xiii) 𝑥

(xiv) (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) (xv) (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) + (𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥) (xvi) 𝑡𝑎𝑛

(xvii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (xviii) 𝑙𝑜𝑔

12. Find in the following cases: (i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 (ii) 𝑥 = 𝑦 (iii) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) = (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦)
13. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 and 𝑧 = 𝑒 then show that 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑧 is independent of 𝑥.
14. Differentiate (i) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 with respect to 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (ii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 with respect to 𝑥
( )
(iii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 with respect to 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (iv) 𝑥 with respect to 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

(v) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 with respect to 𝑡𝑎𝑛 . (v) 𝑥 with respect to 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥