Fernando, Vincent Keithley A.

BSMT1J-1 M4 Post-Task 2: Lymphatic System

Review and Comprehension, p. 406

#5 Name the three groups of tonsils. What is their function?

The three groups of tonsils are namely: the paired palatine tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsils, and the
lingual tonsil; the palatine tonsils are located on each side of the posterior opening of oral cavity, the
pharyngeal tonsils are located in the internal opening of the nasal cavity, and the lingual tonsil is located
on the posterior surface of the tongue. They form a ring of lymphatic tissue around the nasal and oral
openings and the pharynx; they help protect against pathogens and other threats that may enter the
nose and mouth.

#6 Where are the lymph nodes found? What is the function of the germinal centers within lymph
nodes?

The lymph nodes are typically found among various lymphatic vessels; they are scattered throughout
the body and are classified as either deep or superficial. The germinal centers are important as they
contain rapidly dividing lymphocytes, these lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immune response
which is responsible for destroying pathogens.

#7 Where is the spleen located? What are the functions of white pulp and red pulp within the spleen?
What other function does the spleen perform?

The spleen is located in the left, superior corner of the abdominal cavity. The white pulp is a lymphatic
tissue that surrounds the arteries in the spleen while the red pulp is a fibrous network filled with
macrophages, red blood cells, and enlarged capillaries. The spleen filters blood instead of lymph;
additionally, it also acts as a blood reservoir as it is able to hold a small volume of blood.

#8 Where is the thymus located, and what function does it perform?

The thymus is located in the superior mediastinum which is the partition that divides the thoracic cavity
into left and right parts; it is the site for maturation of the T-cells, a class of lymphocytes that helps fight
against pathogens.

#9 What is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?

Based on the words itself: innate immunity means that the immunity is something that is already
present in our body; the body responds and destroys pathogens whenever it detects one but the
response is the same each time the body is compromised. Adaptive immunity on the other hand, is the
type of immunity that the body creates in response to exposure of a foreign substance. The body
recognizes and destroys the pathogen but unlike the innate immunity, it improves and adjusts based on
the pathogen it faces.