CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Objectives

3. Implementation of community service project

4. Procedure

5. Expected outcomes

6. Time frame for community service project

7. Assessment Methodology for community service project

8. Suggestive list of programmes under community

service project

9. Complimenting the community service project the students may be

involved to take up some awareness campaigns on social issues/
special groups.
COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT
REPORT

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

INTRODUCTION
Public transportation is a form of travel offered locally that enables more people to
travel together along designated routes. typical examples of types of public transportation
include buses, trains. High-speed rails, airlines, and coaches dominate public transportation
between cities. One factor that is consistently ignored, yet contributes more to greenhouse
emissions, is personal transportation, driving personal cars to be precise. Those living in highly
populated cities feel the impacts of emissions by vehicles. And with technology traveling at
lung-bursting speed coupled with rapidly expanding middle class, car ownership is projected
to skyrocket. This means the universe will be polluted more than ever. The only way to
reverse this trend is the adoption of public transportation.
Essay on Public Transport: Whenever you walk or drive by a road you see various other vehicles
running besides you, carrying numerous passengers at a time. These vehicles constitute the public
transport of a city or any locality.

As the name itself, Public Transport is easily accessible to the general public.
It includes vehicles like, autos, taxis, buses, trams, metro rails, trains etc.
These public transport facilities are shared by everyone without any
discrimination. It can carry numerous people from one point to the other, at a
time. Public transport existed from the old time. Public transport is usually
managed by the government or by private organisations. In some countries
public transport is managed by private organisations and at some places it is
government-owned. In countries like India public transport is owned and
managed by the government and charged minimally so that it is affordable to
the common people. Transportation has become a necessary part of life
today. Living without any transportation is very difficult as the world has
changed to a global village. Today in the modern era with the advent of new
technologies and newer vehicles are introduced with higher speeds which
take less time to reach the destination. People are always in search of faster
and easy means of travelling to their destination. They want a transportation
medium consuming less time at low costs. To achieve this people own
vehicles to travel on, but there is a large majority of people who can’t afford
to buy their own vehicle, for such people, public transport proves to be a
boon. Encouraging people to use public transport is a good way to reduce
pollution and other traffic problems. If better public transport facilities will be
made available it will discourage use of individual vehicles. That will also help
in saving time, energy, money and other resources.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Road Transport: Road transport is perhaps
the mode of transportation people prefer the most in the case of supply
chains for suppliers and businesses. Transport companies have scheduled
delivery dates and even

next-day delivery services if they have a high demand for goods. Most kinds
of cargo, goods packed, goods containers, etc., which are scheduled for sea
or air transportation have to be transported to and from the site via road
transport. Public transportation, produces far fewer quantities of air
pollutants, like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, per
passenger mile. Public transit reduces the number of single occupancy
vehicles on the road, which reduces the amount of pollutants entering the
air.
Encouraging people to use public transport is a good way to reduce
pollution and other traffic problems. If better public transport facilities will
be made available it will discourage use of individual vehicles. That will also
help in saving time, energy, money and other resources.

Is better public transport an answer to reducing air pollution in cities? Greater

utilization of public transport services over personal vehicle use is one of the
best ways on how to reduce emissions and helps to save the environment.
Many cities have successfully managed to reduce CO2 emissions by as much
as 50 percent by reducing or limiting the flow of private cars.

you can enjoy a less stressful journey by letting someone else do the
driving. you don't have to worry about finding a parking space. it reduces
congestion in towns and cities. using public transport is cheaper than owning
and operating a car.

What is the most important benefit of public transport?

Public transportation contributes to a healthier environment

by improving air quality and reducing oil consumption, and through
better land-use policies. It also helps to expand business development
and work opportunities. And, it is critical for emergency situations
requiring safe and efficient evacuation.
OBJECTIVES:
Goals of public transport policy
Public transport must become more accessible, more reliable and more efficient.

Travelling in comfort by public transport Better

public transport connections Cross-border public
transport
Safe public transport Sustainable
public transport

Travelling in comfort by public transport

The government wants public transport to be a viable alternative to driving. So public
transport needs to be hassle-free. The government is encouraging public transport operators
to make things as easy as possible for travellers. By providing up-to-date travel information,
comfortable vehicles and a wide range of facilities at stations, for instance.

Better public transport connections

Railways are a vital part of the public transport network. Providing more services in the future
means upgrading and expanding the tracks, and they are already heavily used. It also means
optimising connections to other types of transport.
Safe public transport

Everyone should feel safe when travelling by bus, tram, metro and train. That’s why the
government has set out a national strategy to improve safety, together with all the parties within
the public transport sector.
Transport operators, unions, the police, provinces and metropolitan
regions are all closely involved in carrying out this comprehensive strategy. The government
also sets safety standards for materials and infrastructure.

Sustainable public transport

The government is aiming for a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. To
achieve this, central government is working with other government authorities and transport
operators to encourage more people to use public transport.

IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT:

4 Ways to Improve Public Transport

1. Improve bus frequency

First and foremost, riders want buses to arrive more frequently. A full 80% of respondents
to a 2020 Hamburg survey state that bus frequency is a top priority. The time spent waiting
for the bus (sometimes in the rain) is a major part of their total transit time.
Riders want the assurance that their bus will arrive soon, preferably in less than 15 minutes.

2. Improve bus ticketing systems

Streamlined ticketing systems are essential for transportation efficiency. People don’t want to
wait in slow, crowded ticket lines, and touchless ticketing is critical for a virus-sensitive public.

Mobile phone-based ticketing, which allows passengers to use their phone as both ticket
machine and ticket, received critical interest in Masabi’s report Public Transit Research Report
2020: Key Factors Influencing Ridership in North America.

This increased demand means transit operators must move faster to incorporate touchless,
fully digitized payment systems.

3. Increase passenger comfort and safety

Safety and comfort have always been a concern for transit riders, and a post-pandemic public
will have to be convinced that it is safe to return. Comfort levels are highly variable, largely
depending on crowd density in peak hours.

According to an Istanbul survey, passengers feel uncomfortable when they perceive there’s
less than a 40% probability of getting a seat—and today’s public is feeling increased anxiety
and stress, and is very sensitive to invasions of privacy. Additionally, a recent Traveller
Sentiment Survey found that, due to Covid-19, 52% of
participants predict they will continue to feel uncomfortable taking public transit, even
when the worst of the pandemic is over.

To bring passengers back, transit agencies must continuously monitor vehicle loads and
consider changes to mitigate crowding. Taking other steps such as visible hygiene measures
and maskwearing can also help reassure passengers.

Transit agencies should also focus on improving the quality of the ride itself: a smoother,
quieter bus ride can reduce stress and attract riders.

Zero-emission buses earn high marks from riders with their quiet and smooth operation. A
2020 survey in Hamburg, showed 95% of riders were “very satisfied” with their experience on
a zero-emission bus, compared to 52% for conventional buses. They especially valued the
quietness and steadiness of the e-buses, compared to the louder ride of conventional buses.

4. Reduce bus emissions and GHGs

The public is very aware of sustainability in public transport, and while any transit option is
better for the environment than a private car, the public has a strong perception of the
negative impacts of diesel buses on local air quality and climate change overall.

A 2020 Serbian survey, Students’ Views on Public Transport: Satisfaction and Emission
found that young people are convinced that any—even minimal—improvement through
the introduction of lower-emission transit is useful and necessary.
Various Public Transportation Modes
Public Transportation Consists of a variety of Modes, such as:

• Buses
• Cable cars
• Commuter trains
• Monorails and tramways
• Light rail
• Subways
• Streetcars and trolleys
• Taxi
• Vanpool services
• Ferries and water taxis
 • Paratransit services for senior citizens and people with disabilities

Benefits of public transport

There are many benefits to using public transport. Here are some good reasons why you
should ditch the car for public transport:

• you can enjoy a less stressful journey by letting someone else do the driving
• you don’t have to worry about finding a parking space
• it reduces congestion in towns and cities
• using public transport is cheaper than owning and operating a car
• no more sitting in traffic jams in rush hour thanks to bus lanes and other bus priority
measures
• it reduces your carbon footprint

Safety

It’s important to remember to stay safe while using public transport. The following pages will
provide you with useful information to make sure your journey is safe.

Public transport to school - information for parents

Rather than travel by car, it may be possible for your child to get to school by bus or train.
The school will be able to give you more information about this.
If there’s no dedicated school bus serving their route, it is a good
idea to do the trip a few times with them to get used to it.

It is important to make your child aware of a few simple safety tips if they are travelling by
public transport.

Bus safety for children

When using the bus, follow these rules:

• signal - let the driver know you want on the bus

• stand back from the kerb when the bus approaches
• wait for the bus to stop
• let passengers off first
• never distract the driver
• don't push or shove
• store your bags safely
• stand behind the driver when getting off the bus
• never walk in front or behind a bus as the driver has restricted view and might not see
you
• give your seat up for the elderly Train safety for children
Children should always:

• stand well back from the platform edge while they're waiting for a train
• avoid empty train compartments if possible
• stay seated while the vehicle is moving

Pro:
Can be more productive while taking public transportation
When you’re driving, you have to focus on the road ahead of you. But if you take public
transportation, you have time to finish up an assignment, read a book or let your mind
wander. Plus, public transportation can help you better prepare for the day or night ahead.
Con:
wait time/cost
The first big con when it comes to public transportation is that you’re stuck on the system’s
scheduling and pricing. It might take longer to wait for your bus, sit through multiple stops
and still have to walk or drive home. Also, with fluctuating gas prices, some months it may be
cheaper to hop into your car than to take public transportation.
Pro:
Environmentally friendly
Using public transportation is good for the environment as you’re emitting less pollution into
the air. According to the Federal Transit Administration, using public transportation can:
improve air quality, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save energy and minimize impacts.
And on top of being environmentally friendly, you’re also beating out traffic! If public
transportation isn’t widely offered in your community, consider carpooling with fellow
coworkers in order to save on fuel.
Con:
Sharing the experience with others
With public transit comes sharing a ride with the public. On the one hand, you can meet some
really interesting people within your community and have more real world interactions on a
daily basis. However, you can also see the ugly side of your community or be stuck talking to
someone when you would rather read a book. Plus, after a long day in the office, the last
place you’d probably want to be is in a crowded subway car.
Increased public access, especially for the poor and low waged, which can in turn benefit
social integration, businesses and those looking for work. Environmental and public health
benefits including
decreased air pollution and noise pollution from road traffic. An effectively functioning public
tíanspoít system can incíease píoductivity foí the economy as a whole by enhancing access to
jobs, incíeasing business and fíeight movement efficiently, and thíough easing gíowing íoad
congestion píessuíes.
PRODEDURE:

Standard Operating Procedure for Public Transportation post Movement Control

Order

A substantial proportion of the Malaysian population are dependent on public

transportation to go about with their daily lives. With the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is
therefore paramount that a Standard Operating Procedure for Public Transportation is
established to minimise the risk of spread of SARS-CoV2, thus avoiding any COVID-19
outbreak potentially arising from the use of public transportation.
The main mode of transmission of the SARS CoV2 is through droplets, which can spread directly
from an infected person when he or she is coughing, sneezing, or even talking forcefully. COVID-
19 infection can also spread if an individual touches objects or surfaces where the infectious
droplets have landed, and subsequently touches his or her own face, hence transferring the virus
laden droplets.

There are a number of things that the public could do to minimise the risk of spread of COVID19
infection; these include practising social or physical distancing, maintaining hand hygiene,
minimising touching of objects or surfaces, wearing of mask in public spaces, and keeping the
environment clean.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
TIME FRAME FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
When did public transport start?
 The first concept of a public transit system in a city started in the 1820s in
France and London with the introduction of the omnibus, a horse-drawn car that held up to
10 people at a time.

The History of Transportation

Spanning from 4000 BC to the present day, the history of transportation is a fascinating topic
that can expand your children's understanding of transport and travel, and how it became
what we know today.
From learning to use animals for transport and the invention of the wheel, to the first roads,
trains and aeroplanes, this Teaching Wiki will cover some of the most significant events in the
history of transportation. Featuring a helpful timeline and fun facts, it should be a great help
when teaching your children about transportation in history and/or geography lessons.

Matrix format
Many timetables comprise tables with services shown in columns, and stations or stops on the rows
of the table. There will often be separate tables for each direction of travel, and often separate
(pairs of) tables for working days, weekends and holidays. Generally the times shown against each
station or stop will be the departure time, except for the last stop of the service which will be the
arrival time. The left hand column will list the stations in route order, and the other columns are
arranged from left to right in chronological order.
If the service is scheduled to wait, both arrival and departure times might be shown on consecutive
rows. If a slow service is overtaken by a fast service, the slow service will often occupy more than
one column, to keep the times in order. There may be additional rows showing connecting services.
In most parts of the world times are shown using the 24-hour clock (although in the United States
the 12-hour clock, with the addition of "am/A" or "pm/P" or with pm times in bold, is more often
used). If services run at the same minutes past each hour for part of the day, the legend "and at the
same minutes past each hour" or similar wording may be shown instead of individual timings.
Other information may be shown, often at the tops of the columns, such as day(s) of operation,
validity of tickets for each service, whether seat reservations are required, the type of vehicle used
(e.g. for heritage railways and airline timetables), the availability of on-board facilities such as
refreshments, availability of classes, and a service number. Timetables with services arranged in
rows of tables and stops or stations in columns are less common but otherwise similar to timetables
with services in columns.
 America[edit]

United States [edit]

 Amtrak System Timetable
The official timetable book, published twice a year.

Asia[edit]
China

 China Railway Passenger Train Timetable

 China Railway Passenger Express Train Timetable
Published twice a year by China Railway Publishing, in Chinese. The former timetable includes all trains, the latter fast
express trains only.

 Chinese Railway Timetable [6]

Published irregularly (last January 2015) by Duncan Peattie, in English. It includes all trains shown in the Chinese Railway
Passenger Train Timetable, but not all stations.
India

 Trains at a Glance
Published once a year in English and Hindi.
Japan
The first regularly published timetable (Japanese: 時刻表, Hepburn: jikokuhyō) appeared in 1894, published by a private
company. By the time of the nationalization of Japanese railways in 1906, three competing timetables were being
published and it was decided that only one official timetable should be offered to the public. Five thousand copies of the
first official timetable were published in January 1915. [7]
In 2010, two printed national timetables were available; one published by JTB Corporation and one published by
the Transportation News Company/Kotsu Shimbunsha, itself owned by all constituent companies of the Japan Railways
Group (barring the RTRI) and SoftBank. These thick books - the February 2009 edition of the JTB timetable, for example,
contains 1152 pages - are published every month and cover all stations and trains of JR and private railways, as well as
long-distance bus, ferry and air services. For frequent JR urban lines, subway trains, private railways and urban buses,
only summary timetables are shown. In 2009, a book was published to mark the 1000th edition of the JTB timetable,
containing reproductions of all one thousand covers, selected timetables and maps, and articles on the way the timetable
is produced.[8]
There are also many searchable online timetables covering all forms of transport, for example http://www.hyperdia.com/.
Timetables for PDAs, mobile phones and PCs are readily available.
South Korea

 Tourism Transport Timetable

Published every month and covers all trains, highway bus, ferry and domestic air services.

Europe[edit]
Every year, in December and June, the European train timetables are amended. There are seldom major changes to
important routes, but the change allows for alterations to international services and for seasonal variation. Currently the
dates for the European train timetable changes are usually the Sunday of the second weekend in June and in December.
In the months leading up to the changeover date booking will be restricted as some railway operators are sometimes late
loading in the new data (between several weeks and a few days before the change).
However, in Switzerland timetable changes only happen once a year in December. In Switzerland major changes happen
only in odd years.
One of the most comprehensive European-wide timetable information is provided by the electronic timetable search
engine of German Railways Deutsche Bahn[9] (information is also available in Danish, Dutch, French, Italian, Polish,
Spanish and Turkish). The same information, but differently presented, one also find on the online timetables by the Swiss
Federal Railways[10] (in English, German, French, and Italian) and the timetable by the Czech Ministry of Transport [11] (in
Czech, and - however not to every detail - in English and German).
Germany

 Ihr Reiseplan
This is a free timetable leaflet distributed in express train and has information about the departure, arrival time of the train
and connecting services. For many years the “Kursbuch Gesamtausgabe” ("complete timetable"), a very thick timetable
book, was published but its contents are now available on the Deutsche Bahn website[9] and CD ROM.
Italy

 Pozzorario generale
Covers most trains.
Netherlands
See Timetables for the Netherlands.
Switzerland
In Switzerland timetables change happens only once a year in December all over Switzerland for any kind of public
transportation means; major changes even happens only every second year on odd years.
A large annual publication consisting of all Swiss railways, funiculairs, most lake and river boats, cableways, Swiss
PostBus, and all other country buses timetables.
Official Timetable

 Official Timetable of Switzerland in one multi-lingual edition, while the particular timetables themselves are
kept in the language of the respectively covered Swiss area.
 Information and Explanations (German, French, Italian,Rumantsch)
 The printed version (three volumes; city transit networks (buses and tramways) are only referenced, but not
included) has been cancelled from season 2017/18 onwards. Therefore, only the synoptic map of the first
volume is up-to-date:
o Volume 1 for railways/funiculairs, cableways, and boats: synoptic map
o Volumes 2 and 3 for buses in western and eastern Switzerland: synoptic map (only last version
of 2017)
Coherent, integrated online timetables
All online timetables provide information for the same timetable as the printed Official Timetable plus all Swiss city transit
systems and networks as well as most railways in Europe. The user interface as well as all Swiss railways stations, and
bus, boat, cable car stops are transparently available in German, French, Italian, and English spelling.

 By Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS):

o SBB CFF FFS online
o Printed Timetables: Departure/Arrival posters and pocket timetables  as well as personal
timetables of all SBB CFF FFS railway stations as PDF files.
o Mobile Apps by SBB CFF FFS.
 By Swiss PostBus (PostAuto, CarPostal, AutoPostale):
o Swiss PostBus online ... and Mobile App
o Network routes
United Kingdom

 GB Rail Timetable
Published by The Stationery Office (the official UK Government publishers), and contains information, according to its title
page, "with permission of Network Rail and obtained under licence the Rail Delivery Group. It closely resembles Network
Rail's former timetable book, which ceased publication in 2007, but PDF timetable files are on its website. [12]
It appears twice per year:

 In May, titled GB Rail Timetable Summer Edition lasting from May to December

 In December, titled GB Rail Timetable Winter Edition lasting from December to May
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

EVALUATION METHODOLOGIES

3.1 General

Public transport evaluation has been described as essentially conflict analysis characterised by
technical, socioeconomic, environmental and political value Judgements . Therefore, it is very
difficult to arrive at
Attributes of Good Assessment Methods An overall assessment methodology for projects that
are not strictly for private use or benefit, as is the case for almost all PT projects, should combine
many attributes. What follows is one list, but not necessarily comprehensive: • Inclusive of
multiple goals; Assessments should not ignore any goals that are potentially addressed by a
project. The importance of being inclusive cannot be overstated. The list needs to be clearly
enumerated so that there are no misunderstandings about what is being considered. All too
often analysts reach opposite conclusions about a project alternative because they do not have
the same goals in mind. • Include multi-faceted goals; It is essential that positive and negative
impacts on the society and environment, at large, are compared to the expected costs and
benefits of the project. National and regional goals need to be balanced with local requirements.
Furthermore, the effects on a macroscopic, as well as a microscopic, scale need to be included. In
order to be able to address multifaceted goals, it might be necessary to create sub-goals that
reflect how well a particular goal is met from the particular perspective of the users, the local
community, the region, or the nation. • Weights the Relative Importance of the Multiple Criteria;
There is virtually never a situation when all criteria are equally important. Indeed, sometimes
one goal is of overriding importance and any other goals that are achieved are incidental. Even
more often, a close decision may turn on a particular project excelling in one area where others
are weak. Because various project alternatives typically address a particular goal with different
degrees of success, it is extremely helpful to be able to identify which goals are most important
and which are less. Closely related is the ability to identify conflicting goals so that the trade-offs
between them can be considered. An example is maximizing ridership versus minimizing
operating subsidy.
straightforward and unambiguous solutions (Tsamboulas et al. 1999). The available
methodologies can be classified into Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA),
Social-Based Analysis, DecisionAnalysis, other specific type-application and
Simulation/Mathematical Modelling (Tsamboulas and Mikroudis, 2000).

CBA allows comparison of projects across modes, as well as comparisons between capital
projects and management strategies. The evaluation of PT projects presents CBA with several
difficulties, including the nature of impacts (often difficult to quantify in money terms); and
the nature of the objectives themselves (not necessarily always related to economic
efficiency), Petersen (1995).

To address some of these concerns, DeCorda-Souza et al. (1997) have proposed a modified
form of CBA referred to as total cost analysis (TCA), which is to be used mainly to compare
alternatives across modes. All impacts related to user ‘benefits’, in terms of transport cost
savings (eg: travel time, vehicle operating costs and accident costs), are summed for each
alternative. The total value of costs is then traded-off against the non-monetary impacts
attributed to each alternative. In TCA, alternatives are compared with each other without the
presence of a common basecase. The drawback of this approach is the results do not produce
a net present value which allows for the ranking of alternatives within the transport portfolio
and across government portfolios.

The multi-criteria approach is well suited to PT evaluation with its multiple objectives which are
often in conflict with each other, as well as having different relative weights in the overall
decision-making process. There have been a number of ways proposed to deal with the
problems of vagueness and ‘fuzziness’ attached to the definition of the evaluation criteria and
the estimation of weights to be attached to them. The analytic hierarchy process has been
proposed by Saaty (1980). This approach is a systematic way of representing the components of
an alternative in a hierarchy. It consists of breaking a problem down into a number of sub-
problems and prioritising each element of the subproblems. Each level in this hierarchy is
defined by a set of criteria and experts’ opinions are sought to arrive at a set of relative weights
at each stage. An overall preferred solution is obtained based on the summed results for all
hierarchy levels. This methodology has been applied in the selection of transportation
alternatives by several authors, Vargas (1990) and Saaty (1995). Hsu (1999) has proposed the
use of
fuzzy set theory to evaluate the integration of a rapid transit system and bus network in
Tawain, using the principles of analytic hierarchy process.
• Requires measurable objectives to monitor progress of project; Most projects take several
years from detailed design to construction. Completion may also take place in phases.
Furthermore, it may take some years beyond completion before the full impacts are visible,
particularly if some of the goals revolve around land development. Any plan submitted for
public funding should specify key performance indicators that measures progress towards
objectives that reflect the stated goals of a project. The measurement frequency depends on
the goal such that actions can be taken. If insufficient progress is made or progress is made at
a much higher than anticipated cost, then a review is conducted and the course of the project
may be altered. Even if longer term objective outcomes, like densification, come long after
project completion, the trends revealed by a carefully designed measurement program are
invaluable to improve future project selection. • Uses data that is already available or can be
collected; In the richer, developed countries, data inputs are of central importance, for
example, ridership estimates. These, in turn, require samplings of demographic data, traffic
flow data, mode split data, origin-destination data, and so on. If not already on hand, an effort
is expended to collect this information. This type of data collection, however, will often be
unrealistic, if not impossible, in developing countries. In such cases, project objectives must be
based on simpler data, such as spot check traffic and ridership counts, and margins of error for
forecasts must be increased accordingly.
MODEL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Estimating Demand with a Public Transport Model

The way to predict the future is to invent it. Immanuel Kant, philosopher, 1724–1804

Aggregating boarding, alighting, and customer flows, as in the previous section, provide a useful
“first cut” approach to demand estimation. However, this data does not provide information on
where people wish to travel. In most cases, a new BRT system will make changes in bus routes,
and knowing the origins and destinations of trips (as opposed to boarding and alighting) is
important to ensuring that the new services are closely aligned with where customers want to
go. In particular, full OD information can inform the design of direct services that reduce the
need for customers to transfer from one line to another. As a BRT system expands into a multi-
route system, there will be many opportunities to significantly improve services and system
efficiency by modifying routes and services, and the potential financial savings should more
than pay for the additional cost and trouble associated with building a robust public transport
model. This requires two new elements the construction of a trip matrix and a route choice
model.
SUGGESTIONS:-
6 Suggestions for Making Public Transport More Family Friendly

• Make bus floors level. ...

• Add foldable seats on buses and the MRT. ...

• Automatic ramps for easier boarding of buses. ...

• In-station restrooms with baby changing facilities. ...

• Family-friendly fare policies. ...

• Reduce breakdowns and overcrowding, increase coverage.

FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS:-

• Based on Wisped, public transport means a shared passenger transport service
which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as
taxicab, carpooling or hired buses which are not shared by strangers without

• private arrangement. Most public transport runs to a scheduled timetable with

the most frequent services running to a headway. Share taxis offer on-demand
services in many parts of the world, and some services will wait until the vehicle
is full before it starts. Partisans is sometimes used in areas of low- demand and
for people who need a door-to-door service.
• We will describe about the background information of our study that is public
transportation problems among students in Amelia Teenage. Besides that, we
also discuss about the objective of our study and the questions that we
researched about. These all are commonly surveyed about the topics like the
factors, solutions and effects of public transportations problems. At the end of
introduction part, there will be the definition of some important terms in our
study.

• Public transportation is a shared passenger transport service which is available

for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, train or
hired buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.

• Most public transport runs to a scheduled timetable with the most frequent
services running to a headway. Public transport revises can be profit-driven by
use of pay-by-the-distance fares or funded by government subsidies in which
flat rate fares are charged to each passenger.

• This is because there are many students that live outside the area Malice that
may not bring their own transportation and so that causes many problems to
them. We choose the students to be our participants in Business Research
because we were having the problems too with the transportation and thus, we
want to finding out some suggestion to be brought forward. Limitations and

• Delimitation’s: - The limitations or delimitations are the inherent design or

methodology parameters that could restrict the scope of the research findings
and are out of the control of the researcher.

• These reservations, qualifications or weaknesses arise when all variables cannot

be controlled within a project design or the optimum number of samples that
cannot be taken due to time r budgetary constraints. Our limitations to finishing
up the Business Research project is that we are busy with our classes and Could
 not find time to meet the participants and doing our research regarding our
topic. Contributions: - We hope we could come out with some suggestions in
order to help the students like us overcome the kind of problems related with
transportation.

• The overall objective of this report is to study the effects of transportation to

students in Amelia center. Some research taken from other countries, but the
intention is to understand the situation in the country, which would armorial be
based on domestic investigations. Studies on transport and the drivers often
informal and thus we get a conference report and consult a famous investigator
and director of the research program in this field, but it is unlikely that the big
picture related literature has found.

• In addition, although there are some population surveys that offer great insight
into the issues at hand, some have become dated and increasingly concerned
because there is a long-term and sometimes fast-changing trends in the use of
public transport vehicles. This trend ARQ rises forecasting techniques to
determine a number of issues for the next few decades, a dangerous and
uncertain at best, and not a substitute for ongoing data collection to assess
students.

• While the car which controls the use of transportation for most
• Americans, young and old, men and women, we have tried to review
• some of the literature that is less rapidly in other transport modes.
• Among the shed el provided here is from unpublished data authors', and who
will be given special attention. The current literature is very limited especially
with respect to radishes. The types of research that have been done have
typically focused on transit. Most studies on radishes have focused on qualitative
reporting or used fewer variables and therefore are limited in their scope.

• It is also not surprising that most transit agencies or radishes organizations

 have tended to rely on rules of thumb, intuition, or less technical methods for
estimating fare elasticity. However, some of the most recent studies such as
the Contesters and the Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUT R)
study in the Upset Sound area used employer data to estimate the impact of
Panola fares and other factors to estimate mode shifts.

• In the last couple of decades transportation systems analysis (TSA) has emerged
as a recognized profession. More and more government organizations,
universities, researchers, consultants, and private industrial groups around the
world are becoming truly multi-modal in their orientation and are opting a
systematic approach to transportation problems.
My personal visit to Ramachandrapuram Bus Depot: Scope:

I have done this survey in bus stand and nearby bus depot which is in Ramachandrapuram.

About the topic:

I have visited and enquired nearly 40 people about the public transportation. I have discussed
many topics with them related to public transportation

Many of them shown their Interest to Interact with me and they have shared their
experiences which they have faced while they are travelling in public transport.

ANALYSIS:

In this survey I have noticed that many passengers are travelling in peak time which is 8:00
am to 10:30 am and 4:00pm to 7:00pm.

In this peak time, I came to know that students and working employees are travelling to meet
their requirements
Most of the passengers who are travelling in this peak time have shared their problems with me
about lack of buses in this particular time due to lack of buses excess passengers are travelling in
one bus more than its capacity which may lead to any unexpected danger to the passenger

I came to know that there are 270 members are working under this depot in different sectors
like drivers, conductors, cargo services and officials like depot manager, assistant depot
manager and accountant and other office staff.

51 buses are owned and running by this depot. In these 51 buses,

45 buses are pallevelugu buses which travel within 70km around that depot these buses will
have least fair costs

3 ultra-deluxe buses which have some high costs than pallevelugu buses but every individual
have their own seat with comfort

2 super luxury buses costs high compare to other low class buses passenger have
to book or reserve their seat to travel

1 cargo (NFCL) bus to transport goods and parcels.

SURVEY PHOTOGRAPHY:
 Questionary :-
• What is public transport survey?
• Public Transport Surveys

This gives a detailed report on the usage pattern of the Public Transport. On a micro-level,
this also gives information about the Passenger boarding and alighting, running times, dwell
times and occupancy for different services.
What are the questions about transportation?
Frequently Asked Questions about Transportation
• What can be done about congestion besides building more roads? ...
• How are roads funded? ...
• How is public transit funded? ...
• How are transportation and land use issues related? ...
• What effects do transportation improvements have on real estate?
• Why are transportation surveys important?
Transportation surveys are carried out for the identification of current transportation system of
particular area or region including the points of future development, needs and priorities. Surveys
are much essential for recording the facts and finding out the ground realities of remote regions

1. What’s the most popular means of transportation in your hometown?

– The most popular transports in my hometown are buses and trains. It is the easiest and common
transports in my hometown. Apart from this, other means of transports are cycles, cars, scooters,
and autorickshaws .

2. often do you take buses?

– Quite a few often I pick buses. When I was a child, my easiest means of transportation was the
bus. Now I have two-wheelers and cars. So I use these modes of transportation for my travel.

3. Can you compare the advantages of planes and trains?

– Well, both of these two means of transportations had numerous advantages. First and foremost is,
both of these are the fastest means of transportation inland. Secondly, these two can carry
passengers for its’ seats availability. Finally, we can reserve seats in advance for our journey.

4. Is driving to work popular in your country?

– Yes. It is prevalent in my country. People are using two-wheelers and four- wheelers for their
conveyance. Rather than rent a vehicle’s these two are most general and conversant.

5. Do you think people will drive more in the future?

– I do not think so. In the technology-driven world, automotive professionals are
behind of latest innovations, which is very useful and easy for humans. Geneva motor show is one of
the most prominent and innovative motor shows around the world. In 2019, the automobile tycoon
brand BMW introduced one of the cars that are not required to support a driver. So, I believe in the
future we can also travel without a driver.

6. Would you ride bikes to work in the future?

– Of course, driving is one of my passions. Somewhat, four-wheelers I enjoy the two-wheeler
driving because we can park anywhere at any time, Low petrol consumption in addition, easy to
handle at any age. 7.What will become the most popular means of transportation in India?
– Trains and buses are the most important means of transports. These two transportations are
interconnected with cities and villages. So, people at any age can easily avail of these two services .

8. Do you prefer public transportation or private transportation?

r– I mostly prefer private transport rather than public transport. Because it generally depends upon
the circumstances. When you can drive for a long journey, your own vehicle is the best option, and
we can plan our travel as per our schedule. However, public transport is another option for those
who do not have their own vehicles, and also we can mould our schedule as per its’ time.

9. How did you come here(get here) today? n – I came here by my two-wheeler. It
is a 2007 model hero Honda passion plus. It was a surprise gift from my father when I
completed my graduation. So, I have an emotional attachment to the vehicle.

10. Why did you choose that form of transport?

– For me, it is the best choice for transport. In addition, rods are very congested nowadays, and
the traffic ratio is comparatively doubled to previous years. So rather than choosing four-wheelers
bikes or scooters better for travel .

11. What form of transport do you usually use?

– I usually use busses and trains. Compare with any other means of transport, and the travelling
fare is reasonably affordable. From bus stops and railway stations, we can get both these modes
of transports .

12. Is it convenient to take a bus/taxi in your city from?

– Definitely. We can get a bus and taxi from every corner of the city. Moreover, uber, ole are the
easiest taxi options in our city. Along with this, we can book another online or offline travel
service for our journeys.

13.what can be done about congestion besides building move roads?

_Besides increasing the number of roads, there are other methods to manage traffic congestion in
urban cities, which will be shown below: Extending the rail network Managing traffic congestion
isn’t limited to the road infrastructure, but also the rail transportation. By extending the rail
network, it increases the number of locations that trains can reach.

14.How is public transit funded?

_Together, federal, state, and local governments represent the largest source of funding for public
transportation. Transit agencies also rely on passenger fares and other operating receipts.

15.How are transportation and land use issues related?

_Transportation investments still strongly affect land use patterns, urban densities and housing
prices. Transportation systems primarily support sprawl. To set up an effective transportation system,
land use decisions have to be taken effectively and residential area densities have to be well
arranged.

16.What problems do people face when using public transport?

_The major problems people have faced in public transport are as follows: Vehicles increasing
pollution: The vehicles that produce high toxic pollutants are still moving on the streets. The
government's claim of frequent monitoring of vehicle emission has not lessened the pollution.

17.What factors contribute to people using public transport?

_Current research has focused on identifying the factors affecting the use of public transport,
elements such as age, car ownership, travel distance, or parking availability having been associated
with a direct impact on an individual's transport mode choice.

18.What is the main purpose of transportation planning?

_Transport planning is highly essential in shaping cities, enabling economic activities, promoting
community interaction, and enhancing quality of life. It is also essential for sustainable
development and ensuring safe accessibility at various levels for all individuals.

19.How can we make public transport more effective?

_Ways to Improve Public Transport (With Input From the Public)Improve bus frequency. First
and foremost, riders want buses to arrive more frequently. ...Improve bus ticketing
systems. ...Increase passenger comfort and safety. ...Reduce bus emissions and GHGs .

20.what effects do transportation. improvements havd on real estate? _Improvements in transport

were commonly found to have a positive effect on the price of housing. As the constructionof
infrastructure often lasts for years, it is plausible to assume that investors will take expected
improvements into consideration when pricing and trading neighbourhood properties.

CONCLUSION:
1.PASSENGERS In the rural areas mainly depend on public transport not in rural, urban and semi
urban passengers also mainly depend on public transport which means buses, trains, and metros
But in this survey, I want to discuss about public buses APSRTC. PASSENGERS are
happy with the services of apsrtc like cleanliness, comfort and etc. but

when I ask to give ratings about services, they said just average so APSRTC have to satisfy
passengers.

increasing convenience of the people, decreasing traffic and air pollution on streets.
Mainly, improving public transportation could bring the convenience for the people of a city.
One kind of the convenience refers to cheapness of public transportation due to the fact that
they feel tranquility and calmness. Also, during the route they can feel relaxed without any
stress of driving by a personal vehicle, and even they can sleep in this time. In addition, when
they drive a personal vehicle, occur an accident is possible, so this important for governments
to develop public transportation
Moreover, developing public transportation is, cause of decreasing traffic in a city. Enhancing
of buses, trains, and subways could cause of decreasing the attendance of personal vehicles
on the streets. For example, Enhancing buses in main roads cause that fewer cars attend on
the streets because the people have to pay money for gasoline or other expenses. In
addition, public transportation's vehicles are able to move faster in special roads that cause
of decreasing traffic on the streets. Also, the noise from traffic would reduce through
expanding buses system, trains system, and subways system.
Last but not least, improving public transportation could reduce air pollution in a city. In this
regard, the fewer cars attend on the streets, the less smoke and fume would inhale on the
streets. So, trees and plants would stand for more times, and the people in the margin of
streets, especially old people and children feel healthy.
Therefore, governments should give attention to public transportation as a
way of reducing pollution in cities.