D:\working folder\Term-2 (All Books) 23×36×8 Size Mein\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2 (1-116) (23×36×8) Proof-4 (26-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4)

9-37 (AC)
\ 27-Nov-2021   Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

dkjrwl
2 µ gchc ruohj

ikB dh :ijs[kk
izLrqr ,dkadh esa ys[kd us ,d ,sls tk¡ck”k osQ dkjukeksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS] ftldk ,dek=k y{; Fkkµ vaxzsT+kksa dks bl ns'k ls
ckgj djukA ;g lu 1799 dh ?kVuk gSA xksj[kiqj osQ taxy esa duZy dk¯yt osQ [kses dk van:uh fgLlk gS] tgk¡ duZy dk¯yt
vkSj ys-ÝVhusaV taxyksa dh fT+kanxh vkSj o”khj vyh osQ ckjs esa ckr dj jgs gSaA duZy oT+khj vyh osQ thou ls lacaf/r oqQN ckrsa
ys-ÝVhusaV dks crkrk gSA mldh rqyuk jkWfcu gqM ls djrk gSA flagklu ls inP;qr gksus osQ ckn og odhy ls ijs'kku gksdj mldk
dRy dj nsrk gS vkSj taxyksa esa fNi tkrk gSA mls idM+us osQ fy, duZy cM+h -iQkSt osQ lkFk taxy esa racw yxk, gq, gSA ckrphr
osQ nkSjku mUgsa ,d ?kqM+lokj vkrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ?kqM+lokj Lo;a o”khj vyh gS] ¯drq duZy mls igpku ugha ikrk gSA ?kqM+lokj
mUgsa /edkdj dkjrwl ek¡xrk gS vkSj var esa mUgsa viuk ifjp; nsdj pyk tkrk gSA dksbZ mldk oqQN ugha fcxkM+ ikrkA duZy
gDdk&cDdk jg tkrk gSA var esa] og mldh cgknqjh dh iz'kalk djrk gSA

ikB dk lkj
vkfl-iQmn~nkSyk vo/ dk uokc FkkA mldh viuh larku u gksus osQ dkj.k mldk NksVk HkkbZ lvknr vyh [kqn dks vkfl-iQmn~nkSyk
dk mRrjkf/dkjh ekurk FkkA ysfdu fiQj vkfl-iQmn~nkSyk osQ iq=k oT+khj vyh dk tUe gqvkA oT+khj vyh osQ tUe osQ ckn lvknr
vyh dk vo/ dk jktk cuus dk liuk VwV x;k] blh dkj.k lvknr vyh] oT+khj vyh ls csgn uI+kQjr djrk Fkk vkSj mldks
fdlh Hkh rjg vo/ ls ckgj Hkstuk pkgrk FkkA viuh pkgr dks gdhdr esa cnyus osQ fy, mlus vaxzsT+kksa dh enn dhA vaxzsT+kksa
us mls vo/ dk uokc cuk fn;k vkSj oT+khj vyh dks cukjl Hkst fn;k] ;g dgdj fd cukjl esa jgus ij mls gj lky rhu
yk[k #i;s o”kh-iQk fn;k tk,xkA oT+khj vyh dks cukjl Hkstus osQ oqQN gh eghuksa ckn mls xouZj tujy n~okjk dksydkrk cqyk;k
x;kA bldh otg iwNus tc og cukjl esa jgus okys oaQiuh osQ odhy osQ ikl x;k rks mlus mldh ckr lquus osQ ctk; mls
nqRdkj fn;kA bl vieku dk cnyk ysus osQ fy, mlus odhy dk [kwu dj fn;k vkSj l”kk ls cpus osQ fy, vius lkfFk;ksa osQ
lkFk vktex<+ osQ taxyksa dh vksj Hkkx x;kA og vaxzsT+k ljdkj ls cpdj usiky tkuk pkgrk FkkA fiQj viQxkfuLrku osQ lkFk
feydj Hkkjr ij geyk djosQ lvknr vyh dks mlosQ in ls gVkdj [kqn ogk¡ dk uokc cudj vaxzsT+kksa dks ns'k ls fudkyuk
pkgrk FkkA og ,d fuMj] lkglh vkSj cgknqj ns'kHkDr FkkA ;g ckr vaxzsT+kksa osQ mu ysf-ÝVusaV vkSj duZy dks Hkh irk Fkh tks
mldks idM+us osQ fy, dbZ g-Ýrksa ls taxy esa Nkouh cukdj jg jgs FksA os mldh rqyuk jkWfcugqM ls djrs gSa rFkk mldh ohjrk
osQ dk;y gSaA D;ksafd osQoy i¡kp eghus osQ vius dk;Zdky esa mlus vaxzsT+kksa osQ ukd esa ne dj fn;k FkkA mlus viuh fuMjrk
dk izek.k nsus osQ fy, vaxzsT+kksa osQ [kses esa ?kqldj duZy ls nl dkjrwl ek¡x fy, vkSj duZy oqQN lksps vkSj djs] blosQ igys
gh og viuk vlyh ifjp; nsdj ogk¡ ls pyk x;kA dksbZ mldk oqQN ugha fcxkM+ ik;kA duZy gDdk&cDdk jg tkrk gSA var
esa] og mldh cgknqjh dh iz'kalk djrk gSA
'kCnkFkZ
i`"B&129
[ksekµ Msjk@vLFkk;h iM+ko] dkjukekµ dk;Z@,sls dke tks ;kn jgsa] v-iQlkusµ dgkfu;k¡] gqowQerµ 'kklu] r[+rµ flagklu]
elysgrµ jgL;] ,s'k&ilanµ Hkksx&foykl ilan djus okykA
i`"B&130
ne[keµ 'kfDr vkSj n`<+rk] tk¡ck”kµ tku dh ck”kh yxkus okyk] o”kh-iQkµ ijofj'k osQ fy, nh tkus okyh jkf'k] eqdjZjµ
r; djuk] ryc fd;kµ ;kn fd;k] u-iQjrµ ?k`.kk] f[kyk-iQµ fo#n~/] gqdejkaµ 'kkld] fg-iQk”krµ lqj{kkA
 D:\working folder\Term-2 (All Books) 23×36×8 Size Mein\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2 (1-116) (23×36×8) Proof-4 (26-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4) 9-37 (AC)
______ \ 27-Nov-2021  Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

i`"B&131
eqefduµ laHko] xnZµ /wy] 'kqCgsµ lansg] xqatkb'kµ laHkkouk] rUgkbZµ ,dkarA
i`"B&132
eqdkeµ iM+ko@eaf”ky] ykoy'djµ lsuk dk cM+k lewg vkSj ;qn~/&lkexzhA
ikBk/kfjr eqgkojs
vk¡[kksa esa /wy >ksadukµ /ks[kk nsuk] gkFk u vkukµ idM+k u tkuk] owQV&owQV dj Hkjukµ Hkkouk dk cgqr vf/d izcy gksuk]
dke reke djukµ tku ls ekj nsuk] u”kj j[kukµ fuxjkuh djuk] gDdk&cDdk gksukµ gSjku gksukA
vH;kl iz'uksRrj

I. cgqfodYih; iz'u
1- fdls taxy dh f”aknxh [krjukd yxrh gS\
(i) duZy (ii) ys-ÝVhussaV (iii) lvknr vyh (iv) vkfl-iQmn~nkSyk
2- duZy dkfyat osQ [kses osQ flikgh D;ksa rax vk x, gSa\
(i) taxy dh [krjukd f”kanxh osQ dkj.k (ii) o”khj vyh osQ ugha idM+s tkus osQ dkj.k
(iii) vLoLFk gksus osQ dkj.k (iv) (i) rFkk (ii) nksuksa
3- o”khj vyh osQ v-iQlkus lqudj fdlosQ dkjukes ;kn vk tkrs gSa\
(i) lvknr vyh (ii) vkf-liQmn~nkSyk (iii) jkWfcugqM (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4- vo/ esa o”khj vyh us fdrus eghus gqowQer dh\
(i) pkj (ii) ik¡p (iii) Ng (iv) lkr
5- o”khj vyh dh iSnkb'k dks fdlus viuh ekSr le>k\
(i) vkfl-iQmn~nkSyk (ii) lvknr vyh (iii) duZy dkfyat (iv) jkWfcugqM
6- lvknr vyh dks vo/ osQ r[+r ij D;ksa cSBk;k x;k\
(i) vaxzs”kksa dk nksLr gksus osQ dkj.k (ii) ,s'k&ilan vkneh gksus osQ dkj.k
(iii) vo/ dh /u&laifRr ij dC”ks osQ fy, (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
7- lvknr vyh us Lo;a dks vo/ osQ r[r ij cSBkus osQ ,ot esa vaxzs”kksa dks D;k fn;k\
(i) viuh vk/h ”kk;nkn (ii) nl yk[k #i;s uxn (iii) (i) rFkk (ii) nksuksa (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
8- v-iQxkfuLrku osQ ckn'kkg 'kkgs&tek dks fganqLrku ij geyk djus dh nkor lcls igys fdlus nh\
(i) o”khj vyh (ii) 'kelqn~nkSyk (iii) Vhiw lqYrku (iv) vkfl-iQmn~nkSyk
9- v-iQxkfuLrku dks fganqLrku ij geys dk vkea=k.k fdlus fn;k\
(i) o”khj vyh (ii) 'kelqn~nkSyk (iii) Vhiw lqYrku (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
10- 'kelqn~nkSyk dkSu gS\
(i) vkfl-iQmn~nkSyk dk HkkbZ (ii) caxky osQ uokc dk fj'rs dk HkkbZ
(iii) lvknr vyh dk HkkbZ (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
11- oaQiuh osQ f[kyk-iQ fganqLrku osQ fdl Hkkx esa ygj nkSM+ xbZ\
(i) mRrjh Hkkx esa (ii) nf{k.kh Hkkx esa (iii) eè; Hkkx esa (iv) gj Hkkx esa
12- vaxzs”kksa us cDlj vkSj Iyklh dh yM+kbZ fdlosQ usr`Ro esa thrh Fkh\
(i) ykWMZ osYtyh (ii) ykWMZ Dykbo (iii) ykWMZ dkuZokfyl (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
D:\working folder\Term-2 (All Books) 23×36×8 Size Mein\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2 (1-116) (23×36×8) Proof-4 (26-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4) 9-37 (AC)
\ 27-Nov-2021   Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

13- ys-ÝVhusaV osQ vuqlkj fdldh vk”kknh cgqr [krjukd gS\

(i) Vhiw lqYrku dh (ii) o”khj vyh dh
(iii) 'kelqn~nkSyk dh (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
14- dkSu duZy dh vk¡[kksa esa cjlksa ls /wy >ksaddj taxyksa esa fiQj jgk gS\
(i) vkfliQmn~nkSyk (ii) lvknr vyh
(iii) o”khj vyh (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
15- o”khj vyh osQ lkFk taxyksa esa fdrus vkneh Fks\
(i) eqV~Bh Hkj (ii) ,d&nks
(iii) ik¡p lkS (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
16- o”khj vyh ”kkrh rkSj ij oSQlk vkneh Fkk\
(i) dk;j (ii) cgknqj
(iii) [kq'kken ilan (iv) LokfHkekuh
17- vaxzs”kksa us o”khj vyh dks mlosQ in ls gVkus osQ ckn mls dgk¡ igq¡pk fn;k Fkk\
(i) y[kumQ (ii) cDlj
(iii) cukjl (iv) esjB
18- vaxzs”kksa us o”khj vyh osQ fy, lkykuk fdruk o”khiQk eqdjZj fd;k Fkk\
(i) nks yk[k (ii) rhu yk[k
(iii) pkj yk[k (iv) ik¡p yk[k
19- fdlus o”khj vyh dks dydRrk ryc fd;k Fkk\
(i) oaQiuh osQ odhy us (ii) xouZj tujy us
(iii) caxky osQ uokc us (iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
20- o”khj vyh us oaQiuh osQ odhy dk D;ksa dke reke dj fn;k\
(i) viuh f'kdk;r dh ijokg ugha djus osQ dkj.k
(ii) cqjk&Hkyk dgus osQ dkj.k
(iii) vaxzs”kksa osQ f[kykiQ uiQjr gksus osQ dkj.k
(iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
mRrjµ 1- (i) 2- (iv) 3- (iii) 4- (ii) 5- (ii) 6- (iv)
7- (iii) 8- (iii) 9- (iv) 10- (ii) 11- (iv) 12- (ii)
13- (ii) 14- (iii) 15- (i) 16- (ii) 17- (iii) 18- (ii)
19- (ii) 20- (iv)
II. y?kq mRrjh; iz'u (2 vad)
1- o”khj vyh dks usiky igq¡pus esa D;k fnDdrsa Fkha\ (CBSE 2017)
mñ o”khj vyh osQ ihNs vaxzs”kh iQkSt vkSj lvknr vyh osQ flikgh cqjh rjg iM+s gq, FksA og taxyksa esa fNirk fiQj jgk FkkA
vr% og usiky ugha igq¡p ik jgk FkkA
2- o”khj vyh ls flikgh D;ksa rax vk pqosQ Fks\
mñ o”khj vyh us dbZ cjlksa ls vaxzs”kksa dh vk¡[k esa /wy >ksaddj mudh ukd esa ne dj j[kk Fkk] blfy, os mlls rax vk
pqosQ FksA
D:\working folder\Term-2 (All Books) 23×36×8 Size Mein\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2 (1-116) (23×36×8) Proof-4 (26-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4) 9-37 (AC)
\ 27-Nov-2021  Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

3- duZy us lokj ij u”kj j[kus osQ fy, D;ksa dgk\

mñ duZy us lokj ij u”kj j[kus osQ fy, blfy, dgk rkfd os ;s ns[k losaQ fd og fdl fn'kk dh rj-IkQ tk jgk gS vkSj blls
oT+khj vyh osQ ckjs esa oqQN tkudkjh izkIr gks losQA
4- lokj us D;ksa dgk fd o”khj vyh dh fxj-Ýrkjh cgqr eqf'dy gS\ (CBSE 2011)
mñ lokj Lo;a o”khj vyh Fkk vkSj vc rd mls dksbZ igpku ugha ik;k Fkk] lkFk gh og tk¡ck”k vkSj cgknqj Fkk] blfy, mlus
dgk fd o”khj vyh dh fxj-Ýrkjh cgqr eqf'dy gSA
5- o”khj vyh osQ v-iQlkus lqudj duZy dks jkWfcugqM dh ;kn D;ksa vk tkrh Fkh\
 (CBSE 2009, 2012)
mñ jkWfcugqM dh ohjrk dh vusd dgkfu;k¡ izpfyr gSaA duZy dks tc Hkh o”khj vyh osQ v-iQlkus ;k dgkfu;k¡ lqukbZ tkrha]
rks mls jkWfcugqM dh ;kn vk tkrh Fkh D;ksafd oT+khj vyh Hkh mlh dh rjg fgEerh vkSj nfj;kfny FkkA jkWfcugqM dh rjg
gh mls idM+ ikuk eqf'dy gks jgk FkkA oT+khj vyh osQ eu esa vaxzsT+kksa osQ izfr csgn u-iQjr FkhA og muosQ gkFk ugha vk ik
jgk FkkA cl mldh lkgfld vkSj jksekapd dgkfu;k¡ gh lqukbZ nsrh FkhaA
6- ^dkjrwl* ikB osQ vk/kj ij fln~/ dhft, fd oT+khj vyh ,d uhfroqQ'ky ;ksn~/k FkkA (CBSE 2014)
mñ ^dkjrwl* ikB esa gesa oT+khj vyh esa ,d uhfroqQ'ky ;ksn~/k osQ Hkh n'kZu gksrs gSaA vaxzsT+kksa dh iwjh iQkSt mls idM+us osQ fy,
taxy esa [ksek Mkys gq, Fkh] fiQj Hkh mls idM+ ugha ik jgh FkhA og vius tSls eqV~Bh Hkj tk¡ck”k lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk taxy
esa bruh oqQ'kyrk ls fNik Fkk fd vaxzsT+k flikgh mldk cky Hkh ck¡dk ugha dj ik jgs FksA viuh uhfr oqQ'kyrk osQ ne ij
gh og cs/M+d vaxzsT+kksa osQ [kses esa tkdj duZy ls oT+khj vyh dks ekjus dh ckr dgdj dkjrwl ys vkrk gSA oQuZy mlls
pdek [kkus osQ ckn Hkh mldh rkjhI+kQ fd, fcuk ugha jg ikrs gSaA
7- lvknr vyh dks vo/ osQ r[+r ij fcBkus osQ ihNs duZy dk D;k edln Fkk\ (CBSE 2013, 2016)
mñ lvknr vyh dks vo/ osQ r[+r ij fcBkus osQ ihNs duZy dk ,d gh mn~ns'; Fkkµ vo/ dh vikj /u&laifRr ij viuk
vf/dkj djukA lvknr vyh vaxzs”kksa dk fe=k Fkk rFkk ,s'kksvkjke okyh fT+kanxh ilan djrk FkkA mlus duZy dks vk/h laifRr
vkSj nl yk[k #i;s nsdj mlosQ "kM~;a=k esa Lo;a dks Hkkxhnkj cuk fy;kA duZy dk mn~ns'; liQy gks x;kA vc lvknr
vyh ls mls dksbZ [krjk ugha FkkA
8- lvknr vyh dkSu Fkk\ mlus o”khj vyh dh iSnkb'k dks viuh ekSr D;ksa le>k\ (CBSE 2011)
mñ lvknr vyh uokc vkfl-iQmíkSyk dk NksVk HkkbZ FkkA tc rd uokc vkflI+kQmíkSyk dh dksbZ larku ugha Fkh rc rd mls
uokc cuus dh iwjh vk'kk Fkh] ijarq o”khj vyh osQ tUe ysrs gh mldh vk'kkvksa ij ikuh fiQj x;k] blfy, oT+khj vyh
dh iSnkb'k dks lvknr vyh us viuh ekSr le>kA
9- oaQiuh osQ odhy dk dRy djus osQ ckn o”khj vyh us viuh fg-iQk”kr oSQls dh\
mñ oaQiuh osQ odhy dk dRy djus osQ ckn o”khj vyh vktex<+ Hkkx x;k vkSj ogk¡ osQ uokc ls lgk;rk ikdj lqjf{kr ?kkxjk
igq¡p x;k vkSj rc ls og bl taxyksa esa jgdj viuh 'kfDr c<+kus yxk gqvk gSA
10- o”khj vyh us daiuh osQ odhy dk dRy D;ksa fd;k\
mñ o”khj vyh dks mlosQ uokch in ls gVk fn;k x;k vkSj cukjl Hkst fn;k x;kA fiQj oqQN eghuksa ckn xouZj tujy us mls
dydRrk (dksydkrk) cqyok;k rks o”khj vyh us oaQiuh osQ odhy] tks fd cukjl esa jgrk Fkk] mls f'kdk;r dh] ijarq
mlus f'kdk;r lquus dh txg o”khj vyh dks [kwc [kjh&[kksVh lqukbZA bl ij o”khj vyh dks xqLlk vk x;k vkSj mlus
odhy dk dRy dj fn;kA
11- lokj us duZy ls dkjrwl oSQls gkfly fd,\
mñ lokj tks fd Lo;a o”khj vyh gh Fkk] mlus duZy osQ [kses esa os'k cnydj mldks viuh ckrksa ls izHkkfor dj mlls Lo;a
dks gh idM+okus dh lgk;rk nsus dk tky fcNkdj cM+h gh prqjkbZ ls dkjrwl izkIr fd,A
D:\working folder\Term-2 (All Books) 23×36×8 Size Mein\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2 (1-116) (23×36×8) Proof-4 (26-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4) 9-37 (AC)
\ 27-Nov-2021   Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

12- ,dkadh ^dkjrwl* osQ vuqlkj o”khj vyh ,d tk¡ck”k flikgh oSQls Fkk\
 (CBSE 2012, Sample Paper 2020-21)
mñ o”khj vyh dk fuHkZ;rk ls 'k=kq osQ [kses esa vosQys tkdj nq'euksa ls gh dkjrwlksa dks izkIr djuk] odhy dh viekutud
ckr dks lgu u djuk vkSj mlh osQ ?kj esa mldh gR;k djuk vkSj vkT++kknh osQ fy, vius izk.k U;ksNkoj djus osQ fy, rRij
gksuk] ;s lHkh ckrsa mldh tk¡ck”kh fln~/ djrh gSaA
13- lokj osQ tkus osQ ckn duZy gDdk&cDdk D;ksa jg x;k\ (CBSE 2017)
mñ lokj duZy ls dkjrwl ysus esa liQy jgrk gSA duZy tc mlls uke iwNrk gS rks og viuk uke crkrk gSµ oT+khj vyh vkSj
lkeus ls pyk tkrk gSA duZy gDdk&cDdk&lk mls ns[krk jg tkrk gS] D;ksafd ftl oT+khj vyh dks idM+us osQ fy, og
eghuksa ls taxy esa [ksek yxk, gq, Fkk] ogh [kqn vosQys tku gFksyh ij ysdj vkrk gS vkSj [kqn dks ekjus dh ckr dgdj
mlls dkjrwl Hkh ys tkrk gSA duZy mldh tk¡ck”kh ls izHkkfor gks tkrk gSA
III. mPp ¯pru {kerk ,oa vfHkO;fDr vk/kfjr iz'u (4 vad)
1- lkgl vkSj cqn~f/ ls foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij Hkh fot; ikbZ tk ldrh gSA bls o”khj vyh us oSQls fln~/ fd;k\
^dkjrwl* ikB osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,A
mñ o”khj vyh LokfHkekuh ,oa ns'kHkDr O;fDr FkkA mlus vaaxsz”kksa dh ukd esa ne dj j[kk FkkA mls idM+us osQ fy, duZy
dkfyat us vius lSfudksa osQ lkFk xksj[kiqj osQ taxy eas Msjk Mky j[kk FkkA o”khj vyh vpkud duZy osQ Msjs esa x;kA mlus
o”khj vyh dks idM+okus osQ laca/ esa duZy ls ckrphr djosQ mlls oqQN dkjrwl gkfly dj fy,A mlus duZy dks viuk
uke o”khj vyh crk;k vkSj duZy dks mldh tku c['kus dh ckr dgdj Msjs ls lk-iQ fudy vk;kA bl rjg mlus lkgl
vkSj cqn~f/ ls foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fot; ik fy;kA
2- o”khj vyh us vius LokfHkeku vkSj ns'kizse dk ifjp; fdl rjg fn;k\ ^dkjrwl* ikB osQ vkèkkj fyf[k,A
mñ o”khj vyh vo/ dk HkwriwoZ uokc FkkA mlesa LokfHkeku owQV&owQVdj Hkjk FkkA vaxsz”kksa us tc mls uokch ls gVk;k vkSj xouZj
tujy us is'kh osQ fy, cqyk;k rks bls mlus viuk vieku le>kA oaQiuh osQ odhy us tc mldh f'kdk;r ugha lquh rks
xqLLks esa mlus odhy dh gR;k dj nhA o”khj vyh vaxsz”kksa ls u-iQjr djrk FkkA mlus viuh ekr`Hkwfe dks vaxsz”kksa ls cpkus
osQ fy, la?k"kZ fd;k vkSj vius 'kkludky esa vaxzs”kh izHkko iSQyus ls cpk, j[kkA mlus var rd vaxsz”kksa ls la?k"kZ djrs gq,
vius LokfHkeku vkSj ns'kizse dk ifjp; fn;kA
3- vaxzs”kh 'kklu ls NqVdkjk ikus osQ fy, ns'k osQ rRdkyhu uokcksa us fdl rjg la?k"kZ fd;k\ blls vkidks D;k
izjs.kk feyrh gS\
mñ vaxsz”kksa n~okjk rjg&rjg osQ gFkoaQMs viukdj vius ns'k esa vaxzs”kh 'kklu dk foLrkj fd;k tk jgk FkkA blls ns'k dks cpkus
osQ fy, vo/ osQ c[kkZLr uokc o”khj vyh us vaxz”kksa ls VDdj fy;kA mlus oaQiuh n~okjk fn, x, oth-isQ dks Bqdjk fn;k
vkSj vaxsz”kksa ls ;qn~/ djus osQ fy, mi;qDr ifjfLFkfr;k¡ rS;kj djus yxkA mlus v-iQxkfuLrku osQ ckn'kkg 'kkgs ”kek dks
fganqLrku ij geyk djus dk U;ksrk fn;kA mlus Vhiw lqYrku vkSj caxky osQ 'ke'kqn~nkSyk dks Hkh bl fuea=k.k esa 'kkfey fd;kA
o”khj vyh osQ bl dk;Z ls gesa viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, LkoZLo vfiZr djus dh izsj.kk feyrh gSA
4- vkilh iwQV lnSo gkfudkjd gksrh gSA blls vki fdruk lger gSa\ ^dkjrwl* ikB osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dhft,A
mñ vkilh iwQV lnSo gkfudkjd gksrh gSA eSa blls iwjh rjg lger gw¡A blh iwQV dk ykHk mBkdj vaxsz”kksa us vo/ dh lÙkk dk
lq[k ywVkA vo/ dk uokc o”khj vyh vaxsz”kksa ls uiQjr djrk Fkk] foaQrq o”khj vyh dk pkpk lvknr vyh o”khj vyh
ls fonzksg fd, cSBk FkkA lvknr vyh vaxsz”kksa dk fiV~Bw FkkA vaxsz”kksa us lvknr vyh dks o”khj vyh osQ LFkku ij vo/ dk
'kkld cuk fn;kA blls vaxsz”kksa dks vo/ dh vk/h lRrk fey xbZA bl rjg mUgksaus vkilh iwQV dk iQk;nk mBkdj vo/
ij vf/dkj dj fy;kA
D:\working folder\Term-2 (All Books) 23×36×8 Size Mein\EG_Hindi-10B_Term-2 (1-116) (23×36×8) Proof-4 (27-11-2021)\Open_Files\1-Part A (9-59) AC\Chaps 1 (23 × 36 × 8) (Proof-4) 9-37
\ 27-Nov-2021  Sushil   Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

vH;kl iz'u i=k 

ukeµ --------------------------------------------- jksy ua- ---------------------------------------------
le;µ 20 feuV oqQy vadµ 8
1- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ mRrj yxHkx 25&30 'kCnksa esa nhft,A [2×2¾4]

(d) flikfg;ksa n~okjk taxy esa [ksek Mkyus dk D;k edln Fkk\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ikB esa vk, ^oaQiuh* 'kCn ls fdl oaQiuh dk cks/ gksrk gS\ blus dgk¡&dgk¡ dke;kch gkfly dh\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) o”khj vyh dh iSnkb'k ls lvknr vyh osQ dkSu&ls lius VwV x, Fks\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d iz'u dk mRrj 60&70 'kCnksa esa nhft,A [4×1¾4]

(d) lokj duZy ls vosQys esa D;ksa feyuk pkgrk Fkk\ bl eqykdkr dk duZy ij D;k izHkko iM+k\

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) vI+kQxkfuLrku osQ 'kkld dks fganqLrku ij geys dh nkor D;ksa nh xbZ gksxh\ vius fopkj jf[k,A

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
❑