Department of Pharmacy

Comilla University

Titration Selectivity &

Masking Reagent
Presented By
Md. Rezwan Ahmed
Mahedi
ID No. 11715016
Pharmaceutical Analysis - 1
Date - 06/09/2021
 CONTENTS

Complexometric Titration
Conditions of Titrations
Principle of Complexometric Titration
Types of Complexometric Titrations
Applications of Complexometric Titrations
Classification of Ligands
EDTA
Titration Technique of EDTA
Factors Influencing EDTA Reactions
Masking
Demasking
 COMPLEXOMETRIC
TITRATION

Complexometric titration is a form of volumetric analysis in

which the formation of a colored complex is used to indicate
the end point of a titration.
It is also called chelatometry.
 CONDITIONS OF
TITRATIONS

1. Reaction proceed rapidly

2. Well-defined stoichiometry
3. Large equilibrium constant
 Principle of Complexometric
Titration
Stability of Complex Number of Steps
The greater the stability constant for Fewer the number of steps required
complex formed, larger the charge in the formation of complex, greater
in free metal concentration (pM) at would be the break in titration curve
equivalent point at the equivalent point

Effect of pH
Control of pH is important since the
H+ ion plays an important role in
chelation
 TYPES OF COMPLEXOMETRIC
TITRATIONS
Direct Titration
It is the simplest and the most
convenient method used in chelometry.
In this method, the standard chelon
solution is added to the metal ion
solution until the end point is
detected.This method is analogous to
simple acid-base titrations.
Back Titration Replacement
In this method, excess of a standard Titration
EDTA solution is added to the metal
In this method the metal, which is to be
solution, which is to be analyzed, and
analyzed, displaces quantitatively the
the excess is back titrated with a
metal from the complex.
standard solution of a second metal
ion. E.g. - Determination of Mn. This
metal cannot be directly titrated with
EDTA because of precipitation of
Mn(OH)2.
 Determination of Calcium in different
formulations
Calcium can be determined in almost
every formulation by EDTA-titrations. e.g.-
Five membered heterocyclic rings are
formed with EDTA, which are stain-free,
and thus highly stable.

Applications of Determination of Magnesium

Dissolve an accurately weighed sample

Complexometric (75mg) of Mg in sufficient water to make

100ml. pipette out 50ml of this solution in
Titrations a titration flask, add 50ml water, 5ml of
NH3 buffer solution and a few drops of
eriochrome blackT as indicator. Titrate it
to a deep blue colour.
 Classification of Ligands
Unidentate Ligands Bidentate Ligands Multidentate Ligands

Ligands that are bound Ligands that are bound Ligands that are bound
to metal ion only at one to metal ion only at two to metal ion at so many
place. place. places.
E.g. [Cu(NH3)4]2+ E.g. Oxalic Acid E.g. EDTA
Ethylene diamine tetraaceti
c acid

EDTA

A chemical that binds certain

metal ions, such as calcium,
magnesium, lead, and iron. It is
also used to keep bacteria from
forming a biofilm. It is a type of
chelating agent.
 TITRATION TECHNIQUE OF
EDTA

Direct Titration - It is similar to acid-base titration technique. In this titration standard,

EDTA solution is added to given sample containing metals using burette till the
endpoint is achieved.
Replacement Titration – It is used when direct titration or back titration don’t give
sharp endpoints. In this analyte is added in metal-EDTA complex.
Indirect Titration – Some anions form precipitate with metal cations. These anions do
not react with EDTA. So, these can be analyzed by indirect titration with EDTA
Back Titration – It is called back titration as in this type of titration we perform back
titration for excess amount of EDTA.
 The nature and activity of
metal ion.
The pH at which the titration is
Factors carried out.
The presence of interfering
Influencing ions such as CN-, Citrate,
Tartrate, F- and other complex
EDTA forming agents.
Organic solvents also increase
Reactions the stability of complex
 MASKING
Masking may be defined as the process in which a substance,
withoutphysical separation of it or its reaction products, is so
transformed that it does not enter into a particular reaction.
These agents are chemical reagents that are useful in
chemical analysis for the removal of impurities from a reaction
mixture.
Chelation is a type of masking process in analytical and
inorganic chemistry fields. It occurs through the bonding of
ions and molecules to metal ions and masking the metal ion to
avoid it from participating in any desired chemical reaction in
the reaction mixture.
 DEMASKING
Demasking agents are chemical reagents that are useful in
introducing the impurities which were masked before the reaction
mixture.
Demasking agents are chemical reagents that are useful in
introducing the impurities which were masked before the
reaction mixture.
In chemical reactions such as complexometric titrations,
demasking reagents are used to regain the ability of masked
ions to enter the reaction with indicator and EDTA.
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