Written Communication

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Written Communication - advantage, type, benefits, disadvantages, The communication process

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Introduction
This essay will provide a discussion of the causes, effects, and possible solutions to climate
change. The earth’s average temperature is about 15 degrees Centigrade, but sometimes it
varies for several reasons, a fluctuation called climate change (National Climate Assessment,
2014). This alteration results in a lasting change in the global weather patterns, which defines
the earth’s climates. The dilemma surrounding this issue is that economists and social
scientists have opposing views regarding the actions needed to alleviate climate change.
Although various disciplines have advocated for opposing approaches to reducing the impact
of climate change, there is need collaboration in the formulation of a comprehensive policy
towards tackling this issue.

The Dilemma Chosen

The chosen issue is climate change because it is a social dilemma triggered by human activity
and will need joint efforts to reduce or alleviate its adverse effects. The primary causes of
climate change include farming, deforestation, and fossil fuel burning, leading to adverse
consequences which will need collective social responsibility to help lessen their effects
(Romm, 2016). Climate change will require social sacrifice and adjustment to help address it
and ensure the earth is safe for all living organisms.

The State of Social Science Knowledge on

Climate Change
Causes of Climate Change
Many factors lead to climate change, but the main one is human activity, including farming,
burning fossil fuels, and cutting down forests for farming (deforestation). These practices
produce greenhouse gases such methane (CH4), nitrous oxide, carbon (IV) oxide (CO2), and
chlorofluorocarbons that trigger climate change (Battersby, 2017). The gas which accounts
for the most man-made-induced climate change is CO2, with a 64% contribution, and since
industrialization began, its concentration in the atmosphere has increased by 40% (Ge &
Riedrich, 2020). This gas absorbs heat and traps it, making atmospheric temperatures rise
abnormally. When this accumulated heat is re-emitted back to the earth, global warming
starts, adversely affecting animal and plant life.
Additionally, clearing forests for human activities and farming increases the amount of CO2 in
the atmosphere. The plant cover has been identified as an essential aspect of balancing
biodiversity (Romm, 2016). Trees absorb carbon (IV) oxide from the environment as they
require it for photosynthesis. When plants are cut down, this absorption mechanism is
hampered, thereby increasing the level of the gas, which causes climate change (Ge &
Riedrich, 2020). Similarly, agriculture results in nitrous oxide and methane emission, which
are greenhouse gases and cause climate change. For instance, nitrogenous fertilizers used in
farming emit nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas, contributing to climate change.

Consequences of Climate Change

The effects of climate change are divided into direct and indirect ones and are classified on
how they impact humans and the environment. Direct consequences include rising of the
minimum and maximum temperatures, which makes the globe inhabitable, and the melting of
polar ice caps, causing a rise in ocean levels and temperatures (Romm, 2016). These extreme
conditions endanger aquatic life is, and the overflowing water bodies may cause flooding in
low lands, thereby leading to such public health and economic hazards as water-borne
diseases, deaths, and destruction of property. Moreover, the high accumulation of CO2 in the
air makes a part of the gas to be re-emitted back to the globe, causing heat waves (Romm,
2016). These extreme conditions are likely to cause a sharp rise in the earth’s temperatures,
which may lead to plant and human life death. Moreover, unpredictable weather patterns
disrupt many human activities and adversely affect livelihoods. Therefore, the direct
consequences of climate change can be very dire, which calls for adopting policies that will
help alleviate the issue.

Conversely, indirect impacts include those that result from the aftermath of the alteration
caused by climate change. The first one is hunger and food insecurity due to extremely high
temperatures and unpredictable weather patterns (Romm, 2016). Crops usually grow at ideal
temperatures, and some of them require a large amount of rainfall or water for irrigation.
Global warming triggers fluctuation in the atmospheric temperatures, leading to unpredictable
weather patterns that make it impossible to plant food crops (Romm, 2016). This results in a
worldwide food shortage that leaves many people hunger-stricken, thereby threatening
international food insecurity.

In turn, food shortage can lead to a dramatic increase in food prices across the world since
only a small amount is available. The poor will starve and later die, or they will be forced to
adopt those land policies that cause habitat loss and defragmentation (Romm, 2016). These
practices adversely affect many nations’ desire to be self-sufficient. In some cases, people will
be compelled to move away from flooded areas or those with extreme heat waves, leading to
overpopulation of other regions. Therefore, the indirect effects of climate change may disturb
many aspects of the world’s social and economic status and cause an imbalance in
biodiversity.

How Social Science and Economic Disciplines

Evaluate Climate Change
The economic and social science fields are in a conflict concerning climate change. The latter
is opposed to the regulation, or even shut down, of the energy sector to ensure reduced
emissions of CO2, which is the primary cause of global warming and climate change
(National Climate Assessment, 2014). Besides, the former has been adamant that the latter’s
suggestion is outrageous and could make the world uncomfortable. To solve this stalemate,
there is a need for both disciplines to collaborate and formulate a working policy that will help
reduce climate change while having people’s livelihoods in mind. One looming issue is the
low chance of humanity avoiding climate commons’ tragedy (Battersby, 2017). There has
been a growing self-interest among individuals in transportation, overgrazing, and energy
production, which has threatened the whole community’s good. An ideal way to ensure a
balance between the economic and social sciences argument is adopting clean energy sources
(International Energy Agency, 2016). This move will make transportation and energy
production possible without having to use fossil fuels, which emits greenhouse gases, thereby
preventing climate change.

Possibility of Some Solutions to Succeed

Some assessments and solutions are likely to succeed in addressing this dilemma. One of
them is banning or reducing the amount of carbon (IV) oxide that escapes to the atmosphere
(Ge & Riedrich, 2020). This can be done through reforestation since plants absorb CO2 from
the atmosphere to use during photosynthesis. One of the identified factors for the extreme
accumulation of this gas in air is the cutting down of forests to accommodate human activities
(Romm, 2016). Social scientists argue that this approach calls for collective responsibility to
reduce the high concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Moreover, sociology suggests the formulation of policies to reduce carbon (IV) oxide
emissions into the atmosphere since it is the leading cause of climate change. One way to do
this is to ban or limit the use of fossil fuels as energy sources and adopt cleaner energy ones,
such as wind power (Romm, 2016). Governments need to create a collaborative environment
between social scientists and economists to help arrive at an amicable, balanced solution that
will ensure a world free of climate change while supporting human activities.

Furthermore, such practices as excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers and overgrazing have
also caused an increase in methane and nitrous oxide gases’ concentration in the atmosphere.
These can be controlled by limiting the number of animals that can be reared or the amount of
fertilizer used for farming. According to Bradshaw (2014), it will require collective social
responsibility to strictly follow these policies once enforced to ensure a planet free of climate
change and is habitable for all its occupants. Therefore, climate change can be solved through
global cooperation.

Why Climate Change is Solvable

Humanity and social scientists are up to the challenge and can help solve climate change.
However, humans need first to accept the individual and joint efforts of ensuring they avoid
the activities that lead to greenhouse gas production, leading to global warming and climate
change (Hunt & Colander, 2016). The economic argument against the enforcement of these
policies is a stumbling block for social scientists. This shows that the problem is solvable, but
it needs to be done carefully without creating an imbalance (Hunt & Colander, 2016). For
example, slowly switching to clean energy, such as wind, can help both sides of the dilemma
to adjust before a total migration from fossil fuels can be enforced later. Thus, this dilemma is
not insolvable, as some may view it.

Conclusion
To sum up, the essay’s purpose was to discuss climate change as a social dilemma: its factors,
consequences, and possible ways of solving it. Human activities have been identified as the
leading cause of global warming. The most notable practices include deforestation, farming,
transportation, industrialization, and energy production using fossil fuels, which emit
greenhouse gases when burned, triggering atmospheric temperatures to rise beyond the
normal range, thereby causing climate change. Some solutions can be adopted to help solve
this problem, including restricting or banning fossil fuels and embracing clean energy sources
such as wind power.
 Sender and Receiver
Written Communication
Introduction
Communication is the act of mutual exchange of understanding between receiver and sender.
Act of communication is done through four basic language skills- reading, listening, writing and
speaking. Communication skills are used to articulate thoughts and express ideas effectively to
inform, instruct and persuade to single or multiple audiences and to listen for meaning and
understanding. If receiver and sender partake in communication through writing and reading
then the communication is called written communication and if communication is done through
listening and speaking then the communication is called verbal communication.

# Importance of Written Communication over Verbal Communication

History of Written Communication
It is easier to use formal language in communication and correct grammar and language again
and again until sender can articulate the necessary information correctly which makes it easier
to use as formal communication in work place. It can also be used as a legal binding document.
Information can be stored and retrieved easily.

Importance of Written Communication in the work-

place
There are various forms of communication in workplace. There is internal communication,
which includes conversations between employees or between employees and management.
There is also external communication which entails sharing information with people outside the
company, such as clients, vendors, other businesses, and the general public through advertising
the organization's goods. External communication is primarily done by gatekeepers of
organization.
Some of the various forms of written communications that are used internally for business
operations include:

 Memos
 Reports
 Bulletins
 Job descriptions
 Employee manuals
 Emails
 Instant messages

Examples of written communications generally used with clients or other businesses include:

 Email
 Internet websites
 Letters
 Proposals
 Telegrams
 Faxes
 Postcards
 Contracts
 Advertisements
 Brochures
 News release

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