Genetics Questions

6)

· A gene is an hereditory factor while an allele is formed from mutation

of a gene.

· Genes of a particular organism have thesame base sequence while the

different alleles of a particular organism have different base sequence.

5) Karyogram is the number, size, and shape of chromosomes while a

Karyogram is a visual profile of chromosomes in a particular organism.

4) Comparison

· They are both prokaryotic cells.

· They both contain DNA.

Constrast

· Plasmids has a circular shape while nucleiod has an irregular shape.

· Plasmids provide antibiotic resistance while nucleiod contain RNA,

proteins, and enzymes that is used for cellular processes.

3) Let recessive trait for eating asparagus be: a and normal : A

Let aromatic urine be: aa

Let heterozygous for this trait be: Aa

Parental phenotype: aromatic urine * heterozygous for the trait

Parental genotype: aa* Aa

random fertilization:

a a

A Aa Aa

a aa aa
F1 genotypes: Aa, Aa, aa, aa

F1 phenotypes: 2 heterozygous for the trait; 2 aromatic urine persons

Probability: 2;2

1)a) This is because from Mendel's crossing, that is crossing a male and
female parent the probability of having a boy child is 50% and a girl child
50% too.

The F1 genotypes will be: XX, XX, XY, XY

This is also beacause in normal meiosis, one primary spermatocyte

becomes four sperm cells; X, X, Y, and Y. Therefore, there should be a 50%
chance of conceiving a boy or girl.

b)

· The key event in male sex determination is the transmission of a Y

chromosomefrom father to offsprings.

· In the developing gonad, the sex-determining gene on the SRY-

chromosome, triggers the expression of a repertoire of other genes.

· These genes cause the gonad to develop as a to develop as a testis.

· Hormones secreted by the developing testis influence the

differentiation of male internal and external genitalia and other
somatic features.

c)

· Haemophilia is a disorder in which the blood cannot clot correctly

because of a lack of clotting factor.

· Males are affected more than females because of the gene for
haemophilia is located on the X chromosome.

· Also it affects mostly males because females have an additional X

chromosome which serves as a back-up, and males have ony one X
chromosome will always be totally affected while females have two X
 chromosome which they can therefore be either homozygous or
heterozygous.

· That is to say, Haemophilia is a X-linked recessive condition that

implies the body's ability to control blood clothing.

2)a) i)% of individuals affected by stroke and alpha thalassemia with either
an A or G variant= 24/554 *100%

= 4.33%

ii)- The presence of alpha thalassemia alleles on an organism with neither A

or G variant presents, hava a lesser participants in stroke but highly affects
participants with leg ulcer.

- The presence of alpha thalassemia alleles on an organism who is not a

carrier of A variant do not have a highly effect on a participants with stroke
and leg ulcer.

-The presence of alpha thalassemia alleles on an organism with a

homozygous for a G variant mostly affects participants with leg ulcer than
participants with stroke.

iii)- A or G variant both mostly affects participants with leg ulcer and lessly
affects participants with stroke.

- A carrier of A variant is not mostly

b) i) Both AA and GG combinations have activities more than ten.

ii) Yes because it will affect the activities of the other alleles

c) i) It highly expresses beta-haemoglobin than the alpha/beta haemoglobin

in Cr10+12, Cr2+12, and Cr9+12.

ii) Cr10+12

7) - Change the input sequence type to DNA and paste the relevant FASTA
sequences into the provided space.
 - Once the sequencing data is aligned to the reference genome it is
possible to compare them in order to highlight where the differences are.

- The information gathered is then compared with data from existing gene
annotations.