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SARASWATI COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING KHARGHAR

MINI PROJECT NAME : SAND SEGRATION MACHINE

NAME ROLL NO. DIV

Reetesh Dipak Sawant 49 SE-A

Shaikh Mohammed Ayyub 50 SE-A

Aditya Manohar Shinde 51 SE-A

Rahul Ramakant Shirodkar 52 SE-A

PROJECT GUDIE: PROF. SAGAR KADU SIR

Date:13/04/2022
Place: Kharghar Navi mumbai
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CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1Introduction

Sand is a basic element of every constructional work, sands need to be separated from
unwanted particles, stones and other large particles before it is put to use as it usually comes in
mixture. Similarly, different size of sand is used in different stages of construction i.e., size of
sand for construction work is slightly coarse whereas that used for plaster work is fine.
Therefore, sands need to be screened properly for various stages of construction so the sand
sieving machine can be used to screen sand properly as they are comfortable and easy to use.
As we know the traditional way of separation of sand is using hand operated rectangular
sieve. Besides this, there are many designs such as rotaory sand screening machine, vibratory
sand screening machine, sand screening cum washing machine etc.

1.2Objectives

a] Primary objectives

● To design and fabricate rotatory sand sieving machine which separates sand from mixture.
● To replace traditional method of using hand as it is time consuming.

b] Secondary objectives

● To learn chain sprocket mechanism.

● To develop interpersonal skills and to be familiar with the tools and process used in
mechanical workshop.
● To learn how to arrange time and budget.

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1.3Significance

● The project involves design of the mechanical part of machine using advance software like
CAD and Solid works and the system using this mechanical part then fabrication is carried out
based on selected design.
● This rotatory sand sieving machine can separate a sand of selective size particle only. based on
the required sand particle size, the sieve can be changed.

1.4 Objective tree for designing sieving machine.

Designing of Sieving Machine

Can operate by Should be Can be constructed Easily repairable

illiterate women affordable price by locally available locally
materials

Simple Cheap and Common and Simple

operative standard simple technology
mechanism materials materials

Selection of grade GI sheet, mild

and cost-effective Easy operable
steel square
materials materials
tube
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1.5 Idea Generation and Conceptual Development

Taking in consideration the advancement in technology and industrialization the need of more
efficient and portable sand sieve is the must have at the present. A simple sand sieve process
came into use from the very past starting from the separation using a mesh strainer to the
After studying the objective tree for designing of sieving machine, following concepts are
considered.

1.5.1 Concept 1

For the first concept, a simple hand operated reciprocating sand sieve was taken into account. A
simple machine with mesh strainer was the very first sieving process and is also in use now in
many parts of the world. Also, the vertical reciprocating sand sieve is the nice improvisation. It
operates with the reciprocating motion created by moving the mesh back and forth

Figure 2:Horizontal Sieve

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1.5.2 Concept 2

After, the introduction of vertical reciprocating sieve, the machine became easier and more
efficient by adding a rotatory mechanism to create the relative motion which helps in separation.

Figure 3:Rotatory hand operated sieve

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1.5.3 Concept 3

As hand operated horizontal rotatory mechanism was working well, to make the machine more
efficient and for the maximum result hopper, collector and slider was introduced along with the
little change in position of sieve net.

Figure 4: Hand operated vertical sieve

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1.5.4 Concept 4

With the introduction of automation in the machinery field, automation in every machinery field
have become mandatory. Considering, the need and make the machine more efficient and easily
operable we have attached DC motor in our sand sieve machine to operate our machine. Our
motor rotates the shaft at about 60RPM and sieve net producing the relative motion between
them so that finer sand passes through the net and remaining particle slides in collector.

Figure 5:Machine operated sieve

1.6 Sieving Machine Components

The main components of the sand sieving machine are

● Motor
● Pulley
● Bearing
● Sieve net

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● Framing

1.6.1 Motor
DC motors are used for many years to machinery although newer AC motors are being
developed to fit this need as well. DC motors and drives have wide ranges for constant torque
speed. They are simplistic in design and some DC drives can easily be retrofitted for existing DC
motors. These also come in smaller sizes but with larger horsepower ratings. We are using motor
of power 335 W and 200 RPM is used to operate the machine

1.6.2 Pulley
Two pulleys of variable dimensions are used. The smaller one is attached to the motor and the
larger one to the shaft holding the screening net and both are connected with belt drive which
transmits the motion from motor to the drive.

1.6.3 Bearing
Two ball bearings are used in the machine holding the shaft and rotating the screening net. Each
bearing is of 3 cm in diameter.

1.6.4 Sieve net

For screening process different methods is practice from the very past, almost every procedure
includes mesh or net of small holes (varying diameter as how fine the sand is required).

1.6.5 Framing
Frame provides structural integrity and stability of a machine. Frame have required efficiency to
hold all the loads of machine parts. Mild steel is used for the framework of our machine.

1.6.6 Screws
Screws are moreover a fastener made of metal and characterized by a helical ridge.it is the most
important part of almost every mechanical device with its main objective to hold different parts
together.

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CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

2.1 Study Design

Sieving is a physical mechanism of particle removal, where a particle is denied access through a
pore or passageway that is smaller than the particle itself. The fine mesh strainer, also known as
the sift/sieve, is a device for separating wanted elements from unwanted material or for
characterizing the particle size distribution of a sample, typically using a woven screen such as a
mesh or net or metal.
In this process, rotatory motion produced by DC motor is transmitted to shaft fitted with sieve
net using belt drive. Shaft is fitted to framework with the help of bearing. The homogeneous
mixture of sand and pebbles are fed from the slider which falls on the sieve net fixed on the
rotating shaft. Then due to relative motion between particles and rotating sieve, the particles
smaller are passed through the net and remaining particles falls on the other side

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Starting of the Feeding of sand

Motor Drive through the
slider

Power Transmission to
Shaft using Belt Drive

Relative motion between rotating

sieve and sand particles
helps fine particles to pass
through the net

Collection of
different particles Separation of
in respective Fine and Coarse
Collector Sand

2.2 Components design and material selection

The design of each components was done using software called Solid works which offer
complete tools needed for engineering design, the three-dimensional model of each components
was designed at first and then all the parts were assembled to bring out the outlook of final
product. The time dedicated for this project was utilized for the modelling and analysis. The brief
explanation of design and 3D model of the components are shown and discussed in this section.
The detailed two-dimensional drawing with measurement is also shown in the appendix.

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Figure 6:Side View Of 3D design of machine

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2.1 Preliminary Calculations

The preliminary calculations as per the initial design is discussed here. The calculation can be
changed as per the change in design is required. The mathematical relation or formula are written
in the form of equation, using these equations many calculations can be done varying the data
altered during the change in initial design.

2.1.1 Torque calculation

To calculate the power generated by the motor to operate the machine torque is calculated,
Diameter = 60 cm
No. of revolution (N)= 1150 rpm
Power= ½ hp=375 W
Force (F)= m ×r×ω2
Where m be the total mass of rotation chamber
For m= 15 kg,
ω=2× π× (1150/60) =120.366 rad/sec
Torque (given by motor) =power/ω
= 375/120.366
= 3.115 Nm

2.1.2 Machine Efficiency

Power of motor =375W.

Power for one hour =375Whr.
=0.375KWhr.
Unit consumption for one hour=0.375 unit.
Let us suppose we use it 5 hours a day on average, then
Unit consumption for one month=0.375 ×5×30
=56.25 unit
Approximate price of 1-unit electricity costs about Rs 10/unit, so

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Total expense for 1month=10×56.25=Rs.

2.1.3 Manpower Efficiency

Similarly, For the manpower cost to the very same work,[9]

One-hour labor cost of a worker =Rs.80
Working 5 hour a day for 1 month it will take around
=Rs.80×5×30
=Rs.12000

2.1.4 Maximum Diameter

Maximum diameter that can be sieved by our machine is 2mm.

2.1.5 RPM

Motor pulley diameter(outer)= 5 cm

Machine pulley diameter(outer)= 16 cm
Speed ratio= 5/16 = 0.3125
So ,200 rpm motor speed is equivalent to (200×0.3215) = 62.5 rpm machine speed

2.1.6 Power Calculation

P=Force × velocity
Force= Weight = Mass × Acceleration due to gravity.

g is approximately 10 m/s2 ~ 9.81 m/s2

So, P = 100kg×10m/s2× velocity
Let velocity = 0.5 m/s
P=490 W
So, we need nearly ½ hp of motor
Average diameter of circular net = 50 cm=0.5 m

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Circumference= 2×π ×0.5=3.14 m

Time for screening of mass in 1 revolution= π×0.5=1.57 sec

Torsional force in shaft

Maximum tensile stress of a mild steel =525 MPa
Maximum shear stress of mild steel (τ ¿ = 525/1.73 = 300 MPa
Diameter of shaft(D) = 3 cm = 0.03 m
π 3
Torque transmitted by circular shaft = × τ × D = 1589.625 Nm
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2.1.7 Belt length

Diameter of small pulley(d1) =5 cm

Diameter of large pulley(d2) = 18 cm
Distance between center of two pulleys(x)=40 cm
2
π ( d 1−d 2 )
Length of pulley= ( d 1+ d 2 ) +2 x+ = 117 cm
2 4x

2.1.8 Angle of Twist

Diameter of shaft(D) = 3 cm = 0.03 m

Length(L)=148cm
=1.48m
π π
Polar Moment(J)= × D4 = ×0.03 4=7.95 ×10−8
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Modulus of Rigidity (G)= 80 Gpa
Maximum Torque(T)= 1589.625 Nm
Now,
Angle of Twist (φ)= TL/JG
= 1589.6 * 1.48/7.95*10-8*80*109
= 0.37 rad
So,
0.37 rad = 180/π*0.37
= 21

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2.2 Method of construction

Although we have skipped the fabrication part of the machine considering the situation, here are
few steps of to be done construction which might be slightly different with the requirements and
problems faced.
Firstly, to provide structural integrity to the machine, framework using hollow mild steel bars is
made using TIG welding process,

Figure 7:Step 1

Then screening net is attached around the shaft with the help of L-angled support,

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Figure 8:Step 2

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Bearing and shaft along with the screening net is attached parallel to framework.

Figure 9:Step 3

Motor (which is also fixed in the frame) and shaft are linked for power transmission using belt
drive mechanism.

Figure 10:Step 4

Finally, the construction is toped up by adding input, output slider. Sliding collector and
protecting net

Figure 11:Step 5(Final Product)

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Flowchart of the timeline

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2.5 Research Design Flowchart

Settings for
Measurement of
research study
analysis
Timline

Precise purpose
Probable objections
statement of
for research
research design

Techniques to be
Types of research implemented for
methodology collecting details
for research

Method applied
for analysing
collecting details

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2.6 Gantt Chart

Table 1:Gantt Chart

Fortnight 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
Literature
review
Consultation
with
Supervisor
Proposal
Submission
Product design

Market study

Material
Selection

CAD Design

Analysis and
improvement

Report
Submission

Work
completed
Work
remaining

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BUDGET ESTIMATION

The purpose of this project was to make an affordable sand sieve. The components were selected
and optimized within the lower budget limit. The components, their specifications and materials
with unit costs are listed in the following table.
Table 2:Budget Estimation

The table above shows that the sand sieve is made cheaper. The overall purchased part of this
sieve is relatively cheaper than the factory-made. The price of the parts can be different with the
countries and location as a result of which many people can take advantage of this sieve with
lower operational and maintenance cost.

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CHAPTER 3
CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES
3.1 CONCLUSION

Concluding the project up to now after research four different types of sieving machine was
conceptualized to select the best considering every factor to make it more efficient, portable and
easily operable. Then the required materials were selected by market study although the
fabrication process was undoable due to condition occurred we continued the design process in
Solid works and some preliminary calculations. This report also includes to do method of
construction and research design flowchart and the Gantt chart.
According to calculations and assumptions, this type of sieving machine will be efficient and
easily operable, which can help society to learn new way of sieving sand.

3.2 REFERENCES

[1] P. S. Krishna, P. Pradeep, B. Bivek, and P. S. Bim, “Mathematical modeling, simulation

and analysis of rice grain movement for design and fabrication of low-cost winnowing
machine,” J. Mech. Eng. Res., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–14, Jan. 2017, doi:
10.5897/jmer2016.0403.
[2] MOHD EFFI B MOHJEE, “DESIGN AND FABRICATE SIEVE MACHINE,” 2008.
[3] “Traditional method of sand sieving.” [Online]. Available:
https://www.ekshiksha.org.in/chapter/77/images_of_Separation_of_substancesVI/8.png.
[Accessed: 10-Mar-2020].
[4] “Hand operated rotating siever.” [Online]. Available:
https://dccf75d8gej24.cloudfront.net/images/products/03/030711400/B234C322-16C8-
480C-9062-6D1F5BD922ED-large.jpg. [Accessed: 11-Mar-2020].
[5] “Motor operated sieve.” [Online]. Available: https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?
q=tbn
%3AANd9GcSmQUAkNMwLUnH7XptSKEsUCV2oBXHzspQPEaoBlbXIJf9iiTuJ.
[Accessed: 11-Mar-2020].
[6] “Hand operated siever.” [Online]. Available:

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https://shop.r10s.jp/minatodenk/cabinet/00640999/img55537538.jpg. [Accessed: 11-Mar-

2020].
[7] “Rotatory garden sieve.” [Online]. Available: https://cdn.manomano.com/bmc-rotary-
garden-soil-sieve-L-3178967-7022744_2.jpg. [Accessed: 11-Mar-2020].
[8] “Hand operated sive with net,hooper,slider and collector.” [Online]. Available:
https://shop.r10s.jp/minatodenk/cabinet/00467453/sc-1_120525-01.jpg. [Accessed: 11-
Mar-2020].
[9] S. K. Subramaniam;, Siti Huziamah Binti;, Yusmarinta Yusop;, and A.Hamidon,
“Machine efficiency and man power utilization on production lines.” [Online]. Available:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234830808_Machineefficiency_andmanpowerut
ilizationonproduction_lines?
fbclid=IwAR2RFUx7RIxwEGhJlZDS717CGQ0b94PPMiJTj8YM0E-
03kGnFAmQ9b3Hlxg. [Accessed: 27-Jan-2021].

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CHAPTER 4
APPENDIX
Projections

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1.Motor

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2.Vertical Pulley

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a.Small Pulley(i)

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b.Large Pulley(ii)

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3.Hex Bolt

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4.Hex Nut

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