ST.

MARY’S ENGLISH SCHOOL

CLASS – III SUBJECT – SCIENCE
CH NAME – PLANTS IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

G. Define the following terms

1. Trunk – In some plants like neem and mango, the stem is hard, strong, and woody. Such a
stem is called a trunk. The trunk keeps the plant upright.
2. Stomata – Plants have tiny pores on the underside of their leaves called stomata. These
pores help the plants in the exchange of gases.
3. Photosynthesis – The process by which green leaves prepare food using carbon dioxide,
water, and minerals in the presence of sunlight is called photosynthesis.
4. Germination of seeds – The process by which a seed grows into a new plant is called
germination.
5. Chlorophyll – The green substance present in the leaves due to which the leaves appear
green in colour is called chlorophyll.
H. Write differences between:
1.
Root Shoot
1. The part of the plant that grows 1. The part of the plant that grows
below the ground. above the ground.
2. The roots help the plant to absorb 2. The stem, leaves, flowers, and
water and minerals from the soil. fruits are part of the shoot.
3. The root fixes the plant firmly in 3. The shoot keeps the plant upright.
the soil.

2.
Taproot
1. In some plants a main thick
root grows from the base of the
stem. Such a root is called the
taproot.
2. Examples: carrot, radish, pea,
sunflower, and mango have this
kind of root.
Fibrous root
1. In some plants, a number of
thin and bushy roots grow
together from the base of the
stem. Such a root is called the
fibrous root.
2. Examples: rice, onion, wheat,
and grass have this kind of
root.

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3.

Monocot seeds Dicot seeds

1. These seeds have only one
seed leaf or cotyledon in
them.
2. Examples: maize, rice,
grasses, etc.
1. These seeds have two seed
leaves or cotyledons in
them.
2. Examples: peas, beans,
gram seeds, etc.

I. Answer in short:
1. Why are green leaves called as the kitchen of the plant?
Ans: Green leaves are called as the kitchen of the plant because they prepare food for the
plant in the presence of sunlight, air, and water.

2. What are the conditions required for a seed to germinate?

Ans: The conditions required for a seed to germinate are: water, light, air, and warmth.

3. Why don’t all the seeds of a plant germinate?

Ans: All seeds do not germinate because some seeds get destroyed by rain or wind, some
get eaten up by birds, animals, or insects, while some seeds do not get the right conditions
to germinate.

4. Why do some plants need a support to stay upright?

Ans: Some plants need a support to stay upright because they have very weak and soft
stems.

5. Write any two functions of stem.

And: Two functions of stem are:
i. They keep the plant upright.
ii. They carry water and minerals absorbed by the roots to the leaves.
J. Describe the following with the help of diagram:
1. The process of germination of a seed -
• The process by which a seed grows into a
new plant is called germination.
• When the seed gets sufficient water,
light, air and warmth, the embryo grows
into a tiny plant.
• The tiny plant, called seedling keeps
growing till it becomes a fully grown
plant.

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 2. The structure of a leaf –
• Leaf blade – the broad and flat surface of a leaf.
• Midrib/ main vein –in the middle of the leaf, the
long tube from the tip to the end of the leaf.
• Veins – thin and small veins branching from mid
rib.
• Small netted veins – thinner and smaller veins
branching from veins.
• Petiole – a stalk which connects the leaf to the
stem.

3. The structure of a seed –

• Seed coat – the outer covering of the seed which
protects the seed.
• Embryo – the baby plant inside the seed.
• Cotyledons – the seed leaves that contain food for
the embryo.

K. Look at the picture and name the plant parts based

on the questions:
1. Attracts insects – flower
2. The kitchen of the plant – leaves
3. Contains seeds – fruit
4. Transports water and minerals as well as food – stem
5. Absorbs water and minerals – roots

L. Think and answer:

1. What will happen if all the stomata of all leaves of the plant are closed?
Ans: If all the stomata of all leaves of the plant are closed then the plant will not be able
to exchange gases and the process of photosynthesis will also, not take place. Hence, the
green leaves will not be able to produce food for the plant and the plant shall slowly die.

2. What will happen if we use a lot of insecticides and pesticides on plants?

Ans: If we use a lot of insecticides and pesticides on plants then the chemicals which are
present in these will get mix with the soil and will be absorbed by the roots with water
which will make the fruits and vegetables rich in these harmful chemicals. They also
cause soil pollution when used in large amounts.

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