26 The Guardian | Saturday December 15 2007 The Guardian | Saturday December 15 2007 27

Climate change

Hot spots – the carbon atlas 90

103
81
World total
51
This week’s Bali meeting highlighted just how difficult it will be to secure an 58 54 28.19bn tonnes of CO2

international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas levels by enough to save the

earth from catastrophic temperature rises. This map, showing countries accord-
Europe 59 20 Ukraine 28% growth in carbon emissions, 1995-2005

ing to their emissions, shows why an international deal is needed — and why only 4.67bn tonnes of CO2 60 342.57 World carbon emissions are up from
18.3bn tonnes in 1980 — and with rapid
one binding the big polluters can succeed 9% growth in carbon emissions, 1995-2005
3 Russia industrialisation in the developing

For the first time, there is hard scientific

evidence of climate change affecting
107 1,696 world, those numbers will climb higher.
The effect is delayed, which means even
if we stopped emitting carbon now, it
Europe, said the Intergovernmental would go on increasing in the
178 Panel on Climate Change recently. atmosphere
7 Canada Freak weather events, such as the 6 Germany 26
heatwaves of 2003, will become ever
631.26 more common
23
844.17 21 121
Kazakhstan

132
Netherlands Polan
nd 101
174 106 118
72 35
105

92 36
32 63
8 United Kingdom 43 4 Japan
65 64
577.17 86 52
71
Eurasia 1,230
13 France 79 39 2.58bn tonnes of CO2

1 United States 415.27 84

124 4% growth in carbon emissions, 1995-2005
10 Italy 104 Russia’s carbon emissions dropped from

5,957
61
207 583 million metric tonnes of carbon in
466.64 57 1992 to 405 million metric tonnes in
1998, due to its then-deteriorating
47

25 economic situation. Now, the energy

million tonnes of 38
Turkey giant may make clean up trading carbon
17 Spain
carbon dioxide 176
50 credits 2 China
387.11 133 9 South Korea
102

165
5,323 499.63
North America 125 87 62 11 Iran
34
million tonnes of
6.99bn tonnes of CO2 49 450.68 carbon dioxide
14% growth in carbon emissions, 1995-2005
82
40
134

The US as a major producer of green- 78

house gases has been reluctant to accept 55 27 22
68 45 Taiwan
that man-made climate change even Egypt
existed — and refused to accept the 190 158 196 5 India 187
Kyoto protocol. But freak weather events 137
41 14 Saudi Arabia
16 Mexico and an avalanche of scientific evidence
have forced it to rethink its position
190
188
116
175 37
99 171
149 412.35 76 1,166 66
91
398.25 184

159
156
160 110
112
141
146
186 122
109 152 100
173
162
127 Central & 181

204
120 117 170 129
119 142 182 169 167
85
56
24 42
143
147 155
These latest UN figures for
climate change emissions are
212
206 South America 213
80 95
140 203 75 Thailand
180
46
44
1.10bn 31
144 161 138 111
from 2005, but are already dated. 73 151 83 67 130
Reliable, but provisional
88 97 200 tonnes of CO2
135 194 12
28
93
29%
166
estimates for 2006 by Dutch 183 179
136 33
98 108 96 growth in carbon emissions, 1995-2005 172 28
government researchers suggest 113 126
164
China’s CO2 emissions increased
208
Increased freak weather events mean the Malaysia
115
89 12 South Africa
Middle East Asia & Oceania 19 Indonesia 197 199
by 9% in 2006 and have now 69 192 195 154 185 145 202 148 IPCC is concerned South America will be
423.81 205 177
29
overtaken the US emissions,
which declined by 1.4% in 2006. Venezuela 153 150 163
hard-hit by climate change. Agriculture,
water supplies and the unique natural
1.45bn tonnes of CO2 10.36bn tonnes of CO2
359.47 123
214 209 168
189

US emissions per person are habitat could be affected by a tempera-

nearly three times as great as
Chinese
ture increase of up to 4C by the end of
the century
62% growth in carbon emissions, 1995-2005 58% growth in carbon emissions, 1995-2005
211
53 18 Brazil Africa The region is a major contributor to
global greenhouse gas emissions,
Rapid industrialisation combined with
greater numbers of people moving to
198

139 157
201

77
74
360.57 1.04bn tonnes of CO2
through an oil and gas industry which
produces over 30 percent of world oil
cities has provoked a huge rise in carbon
emissions — with China rapidly moving
28% growth in carbon emissions, 1995-2005
supply and over 10 percent of its gas to become the world’s greatest carbon
emitter in the next two years — some
15 Australia
48 94 131 114 Its carbon emissions may be small but
this is the continent most vulnerable to
scientists say this has happened already
406.64
CO2 emission growth of the highest the effects of climate change, hitting Highest per person CO2 emissions,
20 emitters, 1995 to 2005 30 food and water supplies, causing coastal Top twenty plus UK, 2005, tonnes 70
Argentina flooding and an increase in tropical WORDS: SIMON ROGERS, GRAPHIC: MARK MCCORMICK
diseases such as malaria — as well as
87% 210 destroying parts of the ecosystem
61.94
76% 73%
69%
193
56%
36.58 35.51 33.73 32.84
43% 30.25
35% 26.79
32%
26% 25% 25% 20.24 20.14 19.24
23% 16.44 15.61 14.17 13.46 13.10 13.04 12.53 11.88
14% 13% 5% 4% 11.40 11.02 9.55 4.37
12% 9% Germany Ukraine
China Saudi Arabia Iran Indonesia Spain Australia India South Korea Brazil Mexico Canada South Africa Japan US France Italy Russia UK Qatar Bahrain Trinidad UAE Kuwait Singapore Lux- Australia US Canada Netherlands Saudi Estonia Bahamas Belgium Kazakhstan Taiwan Russia Norway Czech UK World
-4% & Tobago embourg Arabia Republic (36th)
-18%

The carbon list

83 Dominican Republic 17.77 183 Cayman Islands 0.38 38 14 Saudi Arabia 412.35 99 Sudan 10.79 156 Guinea 1.34 134 Nepal 2.95
88 Virgin Islands, U.S.
1.95
147.68 16.05 185 St Lucia
8.68
2.22 0.37 39
Greece
Romania
9.67
4.45
103.16
99.34
174
178
Faroe Islands
Greenland
14.54
10.47
0.68
0.59 31 United ArabEmirates
15.61
33.73 137.82 100 Kenya
0.29
0.28 9.88 158 Niger
0.14
0.10 1.23
Asia & Oceania 139 New Caledonia
0.11
11.58 2.51
89 Panama 4.56 14.33 192 Grenada 2.71 0.24 43 Austria 9.55 78.17 40 Iraq 3.76 98.13 109 Cameroon 0.39 6.81 159 Sierra Leone 0.20 1.18 2 China 4.07 5,322.69 143 Macau 5.22 2.35
Rank Country Tonnes per Million 94 Bolivia 1.35 11.96 193 Antarctica NA 0.24 50 Portugal 6.15 64.97 45 Kuwait 32.84 76.69 110 Ghana 0.30 6.67 160 Burkina Faso 0.09 1.17 4 Japan 9.65 1,230.36 147 Guam 12.92 2.18
person tonnes CO2 96 Jamaica 4.22 11.55 195 StVincent/Grenadines 1.70 0.20 52 Hungary 5.98 59.84 Eurasia 49 Israel 10.36 65.01 112 IvoryCoast 0.37 6.42 161 Swaziland 1.00 1.14 5 India 1.07 1,165.72 155 Wake Island NA 1.36
North America 97 Netherlands Antilles 50.20 11.05 200 Saint Kitts & Nevis 3.42 0.13 54 Sweden 6.53 58.77 3 Russia 11.88 1,696.00 56 Qatar 61.94 53.45 116 Senegal 0.46 5.49 167 Seychelles 11.36 0.92 9 South Korea 10.27 499.63 157 Fiji 1.50 1.34
1 United States 20.14 5,956.98 98 Guatemala 0.90 10.96 202 Dominica 1.54 0.11 57 Serbia & Montenegro 4.85 52.56 20 Ukraine 7.30 342.57 62 Syria 2.70 49.78 117 Congo 1.47 5.31 169 Malawi 0.07 0.86 15 Australia 20.24 406.64 162 Laos 0.17 1.06
7 Canada 19.24 631.26 108 Honduras 0.99 7.13 206 Virgin Islands, UK 3.87 0.09 58 Norway 11.40 52.35 26 Kazakhstan 13.04 198.01 75 Oman 9.90 29.72 119 Gabon 3.55 4.95 170 Rwanda 0.08 0.78 19 Indonesia 1.57 359.47 165 Afghanistan 0.03 0.98
16 Mexico 3.75 398.25 113 El Salvador 0.92 6.16 208 Montserrat 7.42 0.07 59 Finland 10.00 52.25 35 Uzbekistan 4.39 117.97 76 Bahrain 36.58 25.18 120 Equatorial Guinea 9.20 4.87 171 Eritrea 0.17 0.78 22 Taiwan 12.53 284.40 168 French Polynesia 3.20 0.87
176 Bermuda 9.53 0.62 114 Uruguay 1.75 6.01 210 Falkland Islands NA 0.04 60 Denmark 9.38 50.96 51 Belarus 6.26 61.41 82 Jordan 3.24 18.67 122 Ethiopia 0.06 4.37 173 Somalia 0.09 0.75 24 Thailand 3.65 234.16 172 Maldives 2.19 0.76
207 St Pierre & Miquelon 11.85 0.08 115 Costa Rica 1.42 5.69 212 Turks & Caicos Is 0.60 0.01 61 Bulgaria 6.78 50.54 63 Turkmenistan 10.06 49.64 85 Yemen 0.83 17.15 128 Mauritius 3.26 4.01 175 Mali 0.06 0.66 28 Malaysia 6.49 155.51 177 American Samoa 10.34 0.60
126 Nicaragua 0.79 4.30 64 Switzerland 6.13 45.92 72 Azerbaijan 4.62 37.03 87 Lebanon 4.22 16.17 129 Tanzania 0.11 3.97 181 Liberia 0.18 0.53 33 Singapore 30.25 133.88 180 Cambodia 0.04 0.57
127 The Bahamas 13.46 4.06 65 Ireland 10.98 44.10 81 Estonia 14.17 18.89 130 Botswana 2.23 3.92 182 Burundi 0.05 0.41 34 Pakistan 0.77 121.49 187 Bhutan 0.14 0.32
Central & South America 131 Paraguay 0.61 3.85
Europe 71 Slovakia 6.96 37.81 90 Lithuania 3.87 13.94 135 Namibia 1.32 2.67 184 Guinea-Bissau 0.27 0.38 42 Vietnam 0.96 80.38 189 U.S. Pacific Islands 1.10 0.29
18 Brazil 1.94 360.57 145 Martinique NA 2.29 6 Germany 10.24 844.17 79 Croatia 4.77 21.46 101 Armenia 3.22 9.61 Africa 136 Reunion NA 2.65 186 Central African Rep 0.08 0.34 44 Philippines 0.89 78.06 197 Solomon Islands 0.35 0.19
29 Venezuela 5.99 151.29 148 Guadeloupe NA 2.02 8 United Kingdom 9.55 577.17 84 Bosnia & Herzegovina 3.94 17.45 103 Latvia 3.66 8.39 12 South Africa 9.56 423.81 137 Mauritania 0.85 2.63 188 The Gambia 0.19 0.30 46 Hong Kong 10.88 75.06 198 Nauru 13.51 0.18
30 Argentina 3.71 146.64 150 Suriname 4.04 1.86 10 Italy 8.03 466.64 86 Slovenia 8.34 16.77 106 Tajikistan 1.06 7.20 27 Egypt 2.09 161.79 138 Madagascar 0.14 2.54 190 Cape Verde 0.68 0.28 47 North Korea 3.21 73.50 199 Samoa 0.77 0.16
48 Chile 4.14 66.19 151 Haiti 0.21 1.75 13 France 6.59 415.27 92 Luxembourg 26.79 12.55 107 Moldova 1.65 7.16 37 Nigeria 0.82 105.19 140 Zambia 0.22 2.45 191 Western Sahara 0.76 0.28 66 Bangladesh 0.28 39.82 201 Tonga 1.14 0.13
53 Colombia 1.36 58.80 153 Guyana 2.07 1.58 17 Spain 9.60 387.11 102 Cyprus 11.30 8.81 118 Kyrgyzstan 1.03 5.28 41 Algeria 2.71 88.10 141 Togo 0.44 2.38 194 Lesotho 0.10 0.21 70 New Zealand 9.37 37.82 205 Vanuatu 0.46 0.09
67 Puerto Rico 9.97 39.02 154 Barbados 5.16 1.44 21 Poland 7.38 284.64 104 Macedonia 3.94 8.05 121 Georgia 1.01 4.72 55 Libya 9.27 53.47 142 Dem Rep Congo 0.04 2.37 196 Chad 0.02 0.19 91 Burma 0.30 13.87 209 Cook Islands 3.12 0.07
69 Trinidad & Tobago 35.51 38.18 163 French Guiana NA 1.04 23 Netherlands 16.44 269.66 124 Albania 1.22 4.35 68 Morocco 1.19 38.89 144 Mozambique 0.11 2.30 203 Comoros 0.15 0.10 93 Sri Lanka 0.60 12.38 211 Kiribati 0.31 0.03
73 Cuba 2.91 32.98 164 Aruba 10.46 1.01 25 Turkey 3.30 230.04 125 Gibraltar 155.76 4.34 78 Tunisia 2.21 22.24 146 Benin 0.30 2.27 204 Sao Tome & Principe 0.52 0.10 105 Mongolia 2.75 7.87 214 Niue NA 0.003
74 Peru 1.12 31.31 166 Belize 3.32 0.93 32 Belgium 13.10 135.81 132 Iceland 10.74 3.19 Middle East 80 Angola 1.74 20.39 149 Djibouti 4.09 1.95 213 St Helena 1.38 0.01 111 Brunei 17.84 6.44
77 Ecuador 1.79 23.90 179 Antigua and Barbuda 8.53 0.59 36 Czech Republic 11.02 112.83 133 Malta 7.59 3.02 11 Iran 6.96 450.68 95 Zimbabwe 0.97 11.78 152 Uganda 0.06 1.62 123 Papua New Guinea 0.79 4.35 World 4.37 28,192.74