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POLITY
MPPSC PRELIMS 2020- MPPSCADDA ATMANIRBHAR PRELIMS
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ATMANIRBHAR PRELIMS 100 DAYS - POLITY
POLITY
DAY 1
THE STRUCTURE OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION.
NATIONAL SYMBOLS
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Parts
The individual Articles of the. Constitution are grouped together in Parts.
Indian Constitution has 25 parts currently but originally it had 22 parts.
Schedules
Schedules are lists in the Constitution that categories and tabulate bureaucratic activity and policy of
the Government.
Currently there are 12 schedules but originally it had 8 schedules only.
Appendices
There are five appendices:
a) Appendix I : The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954;
b) Appendix II : Restatement, with reference to the present text of the Constitution, of the exceptions and
modifications subject to which the Constitution applies to the State of Jammu and Kashmir;
c) Appendix. III :Extracts from the Constitution (44th Amendment) Act, 1978;
d) Appendix IV : The Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002 and
e) Appendix V :The Constitution (88th Amendment) Act, 2003.
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Punjab-Singh-Gujarat-Maratha
Dravida-Utkala-Banga
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga
Uchchala-Jaladhi-taranga.
Tava shubha name jage,
Tava shubha asisa mange,
Gahe tava jaya gatha,
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he,
jaya, jaya, jaya, jaya he!
National Song
The song Vande Mataram, composed in sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji, was a source of
inspiration to the people in their struggle for freedom.
It has an equal status with Jana-Gana-Mana. it was first sung at the 1896 session of the Indian
National Congress.
The song first appeared in his book Anandamatha, published in 1882 the song itself was actually written
six years prior in 1876.
Session of parliament begins with 'Jana-gana-mana' and concludes with 'Vande Mataram'.
Vande Mataram!
Sujalam, suphalam, malayaja Shitalam,
Shasyashyamalam, Mataram!
Shubhrajyotsna pulakitayamini,
Phullakusumita drumadala shobhini,
Suhasinim sumadhura bhashinim,
Sukhadam varadam, Mataram!
National Calendar
The National Calendar based on the Saka Era with Chaitra as its first month and a normal year of 365
days was adopted from 22 March, 1957 along with the Gregorian calendar.
Dates of the national calendar have a permanent correspondence with dates of the Gregorian calendar, 1
Chaitra falling on 22 March normally and on 21 March in leap year.
National Fruit
The Mango (mangifera indica) is the national fruit of India.
The mango is one of the most important and widely cultivated fruits of the tropical world.
Its juicy fruit is a rich source of Vitamins A, C and D.
National Monument
India Gate, one of .the largest war memorials, situated in the heart of New Delhi, is the National
Monument of India.
It was erected in memory of 90,000 soldiers who lost their lives fighting in the World War I and Afghan
War for the British Army.
It was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. It was earlier called All India War Memorial.
National Aquatic Animal
River Dolphin (Platanista Gangetica) is an endangered species in India. Therefore, it has been put in
Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
National Currency Symbol (Rs.)
The symbol Rs. of Indian rupee came on 15th July, 2010.
Rs. is an amalgamation of Devanagri `Ra' and the Roman `R' without the stem.
It was designed by D. Uday Kumar, a post-graduate of IIT, Bombay which was finally selected by the
Union Cabinet on 15th July, 2010.
Indian Standard Time (IST)
Indian Standard Meridian passes through 5 states: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
This meridian helps in calculating the Indian .Standard Time (IST) which is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead
of the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
National Game
Hockey is the National Game of India.
The Golden Era of Hockey in India was the period from 1928-1956 when India won 6 consecutive gold
medals in the Olympics.
National Heritage Animal
Elephant is the National Heritage Animal of India.
Around 60% of Asiatic Elephants live in India.
POLITY
DAY 2
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
The topics we are going to cover today are very relevant from the prelims as well as mains point of view,
in Prelims & Mains several questions have been asked from Constituent Assembly. The following are
the topics which we are going to cover today:
Colony
A country which is politically dependent on a foreign state.
Colonialism
It implies the extra-territorial expansion of a country politically and economically advanced in
comparison to the country being thus subjugated and controlled.
POLITY
DAY 3
MAKING OF THE CONSTITUTION
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
MAKING OF THE CONSTITUTION
The topics we are going to cover today are very relevant from the prelims as well as mains point
of view, in Prelims & Mains several questions have been asked from Constituent Assembly. The
Key Takeaways
The Constituent Assembly had 11
sessions over 2 years, 11 months and 18
days to complete the task of drafting the
constitution.
The Constitution-makers had gone
through the constitutions of about 60
countries.
The total expenditure incurred on
making the Constitution amounted to
Rs. 64 lakh.
The Constituent Assembly was
formed in Nov 1946 under the scheme
drafted by Cabinet Mission Plan.
The Constituent Assembly was both partly elected and partly nominated body.
The total strength of the Constituent Assembly was 389.
The Constituent Assembly held its first meeting on December 9, 1946.
Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha was elected as the temporary President of the Assembly.
On December 11, 1946, Dr. Rajendra Prasad and HC Mukherjee were elected as the President and Vice-
President of the Assembly respectively.
Sir B.N. Rau, was appointed as the Constitutional Advisor to the Assembly.
On December 13, 1946, Pt Jawaharlal Nehru moved the Objective Resolution which resolved to proclaim
India as an Independent sovereign Republic.
The constitution was adopted on Nov 26, 1949 which contained Preamble, 395 Articles and 8 Schedules.
Committee Chairman
Drafting Committee Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Committee on the rules of Procedure Rajendra Prasad
Steering Committee Rajendra Prasad
Finance and Staff Committee Rajendra Prasad
Adhoc Committee on the National Flag Rajendra Prasad
Credential Committee Alladi KrishaswamY Ayyar
House Committee B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
Order of Business Committee K.M. MunsHi
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly G.V. Mavalankar
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
and Tribal and Excluded Areas
Provincial Constitution Committee Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Union Powers Committee Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
State Committees Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(committee for negotiating with states)
Part XI Relation between the Union and the States Arts. 245 to 263
Part XIII Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Arts. 301 to 307
Territory of India
Part XIV Services under the Union and the States Arts. 308 to 323
Part XVI Special provisions relating to certain classes Arts. 330 to 342
Part XXI Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions Arts. 369 to 392
Part XXII Short title, commencement, authoritative text in Arts. 393 to 395
Hindi and repeals
Part VII Repealed by Const. (7th Amendment) Act; 1956 Arts. 246
17 Abolition of untouchability
38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
45 Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of 6
years.
161 Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute
sentences in certain cases
249 Power of parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in
the national interest
315 Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the states
330 Reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the House of
hte People.
335 Claims of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the House of the people.
365 Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the
Union (President's Rule)
370 Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
395 Repeals Indian Independence Act and Government of India Act, 1935.
Schedules
Number Subject Matter Articles
2nd Schedule Provision relating to the emoluments, privileges and so on of 59, 65, 75, 97,
: (i) President; 125, 148, 158,
(ii) Governor; 164, 186 & 221
3rd Schedule Forms of Oath and Affirmations of 75, 84, 99, 124,
(i) Members of Legislatures, 146, 173, 188
and 219
(ii) Ministers,
(iii) Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts and
(iv) Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
7th Schedule Distribution of Power between the Union and the State 246
Government.
It contains 3 lists :
(i) Union List (For central Govt.) 100 subjects but originally
97;
(ii) State List (for State Govt.) 61 subjects but originally 66
and
(iii) Concurrent List (Both Union & States) 52 subjects but
originally 47.
10th Schedule Provisions relating to disqualification of the members of 102 and 191
Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground defection.
POLITY
DAY 4
PREAMBLE
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
THE PREAMBLE
Preamble refers to the introduction or preface to the constitution which contains the summary of the
constitution.
It is based on the 'Objective Resolution' drafted by Pt Jawaharlal Nehru, borrowed from US
Constitution.
NA Palkhivala called the Preamble as the identity card of the constitution.
The Preamble is neither a source of power to legislature nor a prohibition upon the powers of
legislatures.
It is non-justiciable, that is, not enforceable by courts.
It has been amended by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1976) which added three new words
—Socialist, Secular and Integrity.
The idea of Justice - Social, Economic and Political have been taken from the Russian Revolution and
the idea of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity have been taken from the French Liberty Revolution.
Preamble is the part of the constitution and amendment can be processed as discussed in the
Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973) while ratifying the Berubari Union Nation Case (1960).
The Assembly adopted the Preamble as presented by the Drafting Committee without any
change.
POLITY
DAY 5
UNION & ITS TERRITORY
CITIZENSHIP
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
UNION & ITS TERRITORY
Articles 1 to 4 under Part I of the constitution
deal with the union and its territory. At
present, there are 29 states and 7 union
territories.
Article 1 describes India, that is Bharat, shall
be a Union Territories rather than a
Federation of states. The territory of India
includes
o Territories of the states,
o Union Territories and
o Territories that may be acquired by the government of India at any time.
Under Part XXI, there are special provisions applicable to the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Goa.
The Fifth and Sixth schedules contain separate provisions with respect to the administration of
scheduled areas and tribal areas within the states.
10. Tripura
Formation of States
Formation of States
NOTE :
Goa, Puducherry, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Sikkim were not a part of India at the time of
independence.
Goa was liberated from Portuguese occupation in 1961,
Puducherry along with Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam was transferred to India in 1954 by the French.
Dadra & Nagar Haveli were liberated in 1954 from the Portuguese and
Sikkim became part of India in 1974.
CITIZENSHIP
Part II of the Indian Constitution from Article 5 to 11 deals with the citizenship.
Acquisition of citizenship
The Citizenship Act of 1955 provides for acquisition and loss of citizenship.
It prescribes five ways of acquiring citizenship, viz, (i) Birth, (ii) Descent, (iii) Registration, (iv)
Naturalisation and (v) Incorporation of Territory.
(i) Citizenship by Birth : Every person born. in India on or after January 26, 1950, shall be a citizen of
India by birth.
(ii) Citizenship by Descent : A person born outside India on or after January 26, 1950, shall be a citizen
of India by descent of his/her father is a citizen of India at the time of his/her birth.
(iii) Citizenship by Registration : A non-citizen can apply for citizenship of India and can be registered by
the prescribed authority by the following conditions: (a) Is a person of Indian origin and has spent five
years in India; (b) Foreign women married to an Indian citizen and (c) Minor children of Indian Parents.
(iv) Citizenship by Naturalisation : A foreigner can acquire Indian citizenship on application for
naturalisation to the government of India. Every naturalised citizen must take an oath of allegiance to
the Constitution of India.
(v) Citizenship by Incorporation of Territory : When any foreign territory is added to Indian Union,
People of that territory automatically become Indian citizens.
Loss of Citizenship
The Citizenship Act of 1955, prescribes three ways of losing citizenship. These are:
1. By Renunciation : If a person voluntarily gives up the citizenship of India after acquiring the
citizenship of another country.
2. By Termination : When an Indian citizen voluntarily acquires the citizenship of another country,
his/her Indian citizenship automatically terminates.
3. By Deprivation : Deprivation of citizenship is on the basis of fraud, false representation and
concealment of material, fact or being disloyal to the constitution.
People of Indian Origin (PIO)
The Government of India launched a comprehensive scheme for the Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) that is
PIO card scheme on 19th August, 2002 under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
For this scheme, Persons of Indian Origin up to the fourth generation. settledthroughout the world are
eligible except Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
PIO card holders can visit India without any visa for life-long but PIO card is valid for 15 years.
PIO Card holders to have similar benefits as NRIs in economic, financial and educational matters but are
not allowed to have political rights.
POLITY
DAY 6
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
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FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
What are Fundamental Rights?
Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India
They are guaranteed to all citizens.
They are applied without discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, etc.
Fundamental Rights are Enshrined in Part-III of the Indian Constitution from Articles 12 to 35.
They are based on the Bill of Rights of the USA
Part III of the Constitution is described as the Magna Carta of India.
Category Consists of
1. Right to Equality (a) Equality before law and equal protection of laws
(Article 14-18) (Article 14).
(b) Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race,
caste, sex or place of birth.
(Article 15).
(c) Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
(Article 16).
(d) Abolition of untouchability and prohibition of its practice
(Article 17).
(e) Abolition of titles except military and academic (Article 18).
2. Right to Freedom (a) Protection of six rights regarding freedom of : (i) speech
(Article 19-22) and expression, (ii) assembly, (iii) association, (iv)
movement, (v) residence, and (vi) profession (Article 19).
(b) Protection in respect of conviction of offences (Article 20)
(c) Protection of life and personal liberty (Article 21).
(d) Right to elementary education (Article 21A).
(e) Protection against arrest and detention (Article 22)
3. Right against (a) Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
Exploitation (Article 23).
(Articles 23-24) (b) Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
(Article 24).
4. Right to Freedom of (a) Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and
Religion propagation of religion (Article 25).
(Articles 25-28) (b) Freedom to manage religious affairs (Article 26).
(c) Freedom from payment of taxes of promotion of any
religion (Article 27).
(d) Freedom from attending religious instruction or worship in
certain educational institutions (Article 28).
5. Cultural and (a) Protection of language, script and culture of minorities
Educational Rights (Article 29).
(Articles 29-30) (b) Right of minorities to establish and administer educational
institutions (Article 30).
6. Right to (Article 32)
Constitutional Right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of
Remedies fundamental rights including the writs of
(Article 32) (a) Habeas corpus,
(b) Mandamus,
(c) Prohibition,
(d) Certiorari and
(e) Quo Warranto
Note:
(i) Fundamental Rights available only to citizens and not to foreigners: Article 15, Article 16, Article
19, Article 29 and Article 30.
(ii) Fundamental Rights available to both citizens and foreigners (except enemy aliens) : Article 14,
Article 20, Article 21, Article 21A, Article 22, Article 23, Article 24, Article 25, Article 26, Article 27 and
Article 28.
Rule of law
The concept of equality, before law is an element of the concept of 'Rule of law', propounded by AV Dicey,
the British Jurist.
86th Amendment Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A in the constitution of India to provide free
and compulsory education to all children in the Age group of 6-14 Years.
The Parliament enacted the Right of children to free and compulsory education (RTE) Act,
2009.
Aim to achieve Education for All
Preventive Detention
Preventive detention means detention of a person without trial and conviction by a court. It is only a
precautionary measure and based on suspicion. The provisions for preventive detention have been
mentioned in Article 22.
Habeas Corpus Have the body The release of a person who has been
detained unlawfully whether in prison or
in private custody.
Quo Warranto What is your authority Or To restrain a person from holding a public
by what warrants? office which he is not entitled.
Apart from the judiciary, many other mechanisms have been created in later years for the protection of
rights. etc. National Commission on Minorities, the National Commission on Women, the National
Commission on Scheduled Castes etc. These institutions protect the rights of women, minorities or
Dalits. Besides, the National Human Rights Commission has also been established by law to protect
the fundamental and other kinds of rights.
3. The Constitution confers a special authority for the enforcement of FRs on the ?
Supreme Court
4. The FRs of the Indian Citizen in our Constitution are contained under which Part of the Indian
Constitution.
Part III
5. Under Article 368, Parliament has no power to repeal FRs because they are ?
Basic Structure of Constitution
7. The FRs, which cannot be suspended even during the emergency, are Articles _____.
Art 20 and 21
8. Original Constitution classified FRs into seven categories but now there are ?
Six
9. India borrowed the idea of incorporating FRs in the Constitution from ----
USA
12. The Right to private property was dropped from the list of FRs by the ________ Amendment Act.
44th Amendment
13. The Right to equality guaranteed by the Indian Constitution does not include _______
Economic Equality
15. Which Resolution for the first time expressed the concept of equality before the law? ---
Swaraj Bill
16. Which FR was described by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as the „Heart and Soul of the Constitution‟?
Right to Constitutional Remedies
17. The Constitutional remedies under the Article 32 can be suspended by the ----
Parliament
18. Writs can be issued for the enforcement of FRs by the ---
Supreme Court
19. Who enjoys the right to impose reasonable restrictions on the FRs of Indian citizen?
Parliament
20. Who can abridge any FR without damaging or destroying the basic features of the Constitution?
Parliament
23. The FRs of the Indian citizen can be suspended by the ________during national emergency
President
26. In the famous Keshavananda Bharti V/s State of Kerala Case, the Supreme Court asserts the
power of the parliament to amend the Constitution under Article 368 subject to ----
Certain implied and inherent limitation of not amending the Basic Structure of the Constitution
27. „Rule of Law which permeates the entire fabric of the Indian Constitution excludes
arbitrariness‟. This principle was laid down in ----
Maneka Gandhi V/s Union Government Case
29. Gender Equality includes protection from sexual harassment and right to work with dignity,
which is universally recognized as basic Human Right. This principle is laid down in ---
Vishaka V/s State of Rajasthan Case
30. The principle of Judicial review of President‟s Rule in State under the Article 356 is laid down in
S.R. Bommai V/s Union of India
32. Equal opportunity in matters of public employment is guaranteed under the Article ---
16
37. Freedom of Speech under the Indian Constitution is subject to reasonable restrictions on the
grounds of protection of ---
Sovereignty and integrity of the country
39. The main objective of the cultural and educational rights granted to the citizens is to ----
Help the minorities to conserve their culture
40. A person can move to Supreme Court directly in vent of violation of FRs under Article---
32
42. Right to practice and propagate any religion is the subject to ---
public order
43. Right to property was eliminated form the list of FRs during the tenure of which Prime Minister
Morarji Desai
45. Which of the Provision authorizes Parliament to make special provisions for in favor of women
and children?
Article 15 (3)
47. Article 15 (4) confers a special provisions for the advancement of ----
SCs and STs
49. If an Act is not an offence on the date of its commission, a law enacted in future cannot make it
so, is the principle of ----
Ex-post facto law
50. Article 21A was inserted under our Constitution by way of ____ Constitutional Amendment.
86th
51. Earlier to 86th Amendment, Article 21A was in the form of ----
DPSP
53. Right to education guaranteed under the Article 21A shall be between the age group of ---
6-14
54. Right to Education is a part of
Right to life
55. Which Article guarantees the Right of minorities to establish and administer the educational
institutions? ---
Art 30
56. The Right to establish educational institutional under Article 30 is applicable to ---
Linguistic Minority
59. A citizen of India may be debarred from the Right to vote on the ground of ---
unsoundness of mind, crime or corrupt or illegal practice & non-resident
61. Article 19(2) under the Indian Constitution speaks about ---
Reasonable restrictions
66. The writ of Quo Warranto is an order from a superior court ----
whereby it can call upon a person to show under what authority he is holding the office
74. Which one of the following writs literally means „you may have the body‟? ---
Habeas Corpus
75. Right to Property was excluded form the FRs during the tenure of the Government headed by ----
Morarji Desai
76. What is the minimum permissible age in years of employment in any factory or mine according
to Art 24?
14 yrs
77. Which Article of the Constitution of India says, “No child below the age of 14 years shall be
employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment?” ---
Art 24
DAY 7 & 8
REVISION DAY
MPPSC PRELIMS 2020- MPPSCADDA ATMANIRBHAR PRELIMS
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ATMANIRBHAR PRELIMS 100 DAYS - POLITY
POLITY
DAY 9
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICIES
(DPSP)
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICIES (DPSP’S)
Classifications of DPSP’s
New DPSP’s
On the basis of content and directions, they can be classified into 3 broad categories, viz,
1. Socialistic/Welfare Principles,
2. Gandhian Principles and
3. Liberal-intellectual Principles.
1. Socialistic/Welfare Principles
2. Gandhian Principles
3. Liberal-intellectual Principles
Article 38 added one more Directive Principle, which requires the state to minimize inequalities in income
status, facilities and opportunities under Article 38 (44th Amendment Act, 1978).
Article 39 : To secure opportunities for healthy development of children (42nd Amendment Act, 1976).
Article 39A To provide free legal aid to the poor (42nd Amendment Act, 1976).
Article 43A To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (42nd
Amendment Act, 1976).
Article 48 A: To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife. (42nd
Amendment Act, 1976).
These have legal sanctions. These have moral and political sanctions.
These are negative as they prohibit the These are positive as they require the
State from doing certain things. State to do certain things.