c.

pathogen
d. non-pathogen
RATIO: Toxins produced by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, are referred to as microbial toxins. Microbial toxins
cause bodily harm to the host and impair the immune system, which helps spread infection and disease.

9. The first microorganisms on earth are:

a. archaea
b. algae
c. cyanobacteria
d. both A and C
e. all of these
RATIO: The first microbes on Earth are archaea and cyanobacteria.

10. Microbes are said to be __________, meaning they are virtually everywhere
a. ubiquitous
b. small
c. tiny
d. fastidious
RATIO: Microorganisms are ubiquitous; that is, they are present nearly everywhere.

LESSON WRAP-UP

Three things you learned:

1. I learned how to define microbiology, pathogen, nonpathogen, and opportunistic pathogen.
2. I learned how to differentiate between acellular microbes and microorganisms and list several examples of each.
3. I learned about the relationship between microbes and infectious diseases.

Two things that you’d like to learn more about:

4. I like to learn more about the difference between infectious diseases and microbial intoxications.
5. I like to learn more about the importance of microbes.

One question you still have:

6. I don’t have any questions in today’s session.