•

•
•

•
•

•
•

•
•

•
•
•

•
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
• SELECT
MAX(salary)
FROM
employees;

•
• SELECT
MAX(salary)
FROM
employees;

•
•
•

•
•

SELECT column, group_function(column),

..
FROM table
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column;

•
•
•
–

SELECT last_name, first_name

FROM employees
WHERE salary = MIN(salary);
•

SELECT MIN(life_expect_at_birth)
AS "Lowest Life Exp"
FROM wf_countries;
SELECT MIN(country_name)
FROM wf_countries;
SELECT MIN(hire_date)
FROM employees;
•

SELECT MAX(life_expect_at_birth)
AS "Highest Life Exp"
FROM wf_countries;
SELECT MAX(country_name)
FROM wf_countries
SELECT MAX(hire_date)
FROM employees;
•

SELECT SUM(area)
FROM wf_countries
WHERE region_id = 29;
SELECT SUM(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 90;
•

SELECT AVG(area)
FROM wf_countries
WHERE region_id = 29;
SELECT ROUND(AVG(salary), 2)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 90;
•

SELECT
ROUND(VARIANCE(life_expect_at_birth),4)
FROM wf_countries;
SELECT
ROUND(STDDEV(life_expect_at_birth), 4)
FROM wf_countries;
•

SELECT AVG(commission_pct)
FROM employees;
•

SELECT MAX(salary), MIN(salary), MIN(employee_id)

FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 60;
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•

•
•
•

SELECT COUNT(job_id)
FROM employees;
• SELECT commission_pct
FROM employees;

• SELECT COUNT(commission_pct)
FROM employees;

•
•
•

SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees
WHERE hire_date < '01-Jan-1996';
•

SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees
WHERE hire_date < '01-Jan-1996';
•

•
•

SELECT job_id
FROM employees;
•

SELECT DISTINCT job_id

FROM employees;
• SELECT DISTINCT job_id,
department_id
FROM employees;

•
• SELECT DISTINCT job_id,
department_id
FROM employees;
 SELECT SUM(salary)
• FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 90;

•
….

SELECT SUM(DISTINCT salary)

• FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 90;

….
•

SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT job_id) SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT salary)

FROM employees; FROM employees;
•

•
•

SELECT AVG(NVL(customer_orders, 0))

•
SELECT AVG(commission_pct)
FROM employees;

SELECT AVG(NVL(commission_pct, 0))

FROM employees;
•
•

•
•
•

SELECT AVG(height) FROM students WHERE year_in_school = 10;

SELECT AVG(height) FROM students WHERE year_in_school = 11;
SELECT AVG(height) FROM students WHERE year_in_school = 12;

•
•
• SELECT department_id, AVG(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY department_id;

•
• SELECT department_id, AVG(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY department_id;

•
•

SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
•
•

SELECT department_id, MAX(salary)

FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

-
•

•
SELECT job_id, last_name, AVG(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
• SELECT COUNT(country_name), region_id
FROM wf_countries
GROUP BY region_id
ORDER BY region_id;

•
•

•
SELECT COUNT(*), region_id
FROM wf_countries
GROUP BY region_id
ORDER BY region_id;

•
•

SELECT department_id, MAX(salary)

FROM employees
WHERE last_name != 'King'
GROUP BY department_id;

-
•

•
SELECT region_id, ROUND(AVG(population)) AS population
FROM wf_countries
GROUP BY region_id
ORDER BY region_id;

•
SELECT country_id, COUNT(language_id) AS "Number of languages"
FROM wf_spoken_languages
GROUP BY country_id;
•

–
–
• SELECT department_id, job_id, count(*)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id > 40
GROUP BY department_id, job_id;

•
• SELECT department_id, job_id, count(*)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id > 40
GROUP BY department_id, job_id;
•

SELECT max(avg(salary))
FROM employees
GROUP by department_id;

•
•
•

•
SELECT department_id, MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE COUNT(*) > 1
GROUP BY department_id;
•

•
•

SELECT department_id,MAX(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*)>1
ORDER BY department_id;
•

SELECT region_id,
ROUND(AVG(population))
FROM wf_countries
GROUP BY region_id
HAVING MIN(population)>300000
ORDER BY region_id;
•
•

•
•

•
•

•
•
•

•
•

–
–

•
•

SELECT a_id
FROM a
UNION
SELECT b_id
FROM b;

•
•

SELECT a_id
FROM a
UNION ALL
SELECT b_id
FROM b;

•
•

SELECT a_id
FROM a
INTERSECT
SELECT b_id
FROM b;

•
•

SELECT a_id
FROM a
MINUS
SELECT b_id
FROM b;

•
•

•
•
–

•
SELECT hire_date, employee_id, job_id
FROM employees
UNION
SELECT TO_DATE(NULL),employee_id, job_id
FROM job_history;
•

•
•
•

SELECT hire_date, employee_id, job_id

FROM employees
UNION
SELECT TO_DATE(NULL),employee_id, job_id
FROM job_history
ORDER BY employee_id;
SELECT hire_date, employee_id, job_id
FROM employees
UNION
SELECT TO_DATE(NULL),employee_id, job_id
FROM job_history
ORDER BY employee_id;
•

SELECT hire_date, employee_id, TO_DATE(null) start_date,

TO_DATE(null) end_date, job_id, department_id
FROM employees
UNION
SELECT TO_DATE(null), employee_id, start_date, end_date, job_id,
department_id
FROM job_history
ORDER BY employee_id;