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Objectives
 To explore the principles upon which Windows 7 is designed and the
specific components involved in the system
 To understand how Windows 7 can run programs designed for other
operating systems
 To provide a detailed explanation of the Windows 7 file system
 To illustrate the networking protocols supported in Windows 7
 To cover the interface available to system and application
programmers

Introduction

 32-bit preemptive multitasking operating system for Intel

microprocessors
 Key goals for the system:
i. Portability
ii. Security
iii. POSIX compliance
iv. multiprocessor support
v. Extensibility
vi. international support
vii. compatibility with MS-DOS and MS-Windows applications.
 Uses a micro-kernel architecture
 Available in six client versions, Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium,
Professional, Enterprise and Ultimate. With the exception of Starter
edition (32-bit only) all are available in both 32-bit and 64-bit.
 Available in three server versions (all 64-bit only), Standard,
Enterprise and Datacenter.

History
 In 1988, Microsoft decided to develop a “new technology” (NT)
portable operating system that supported both the OS/2 and POSIX
APIs.
 Originally, NT was supposed to use the OS/2 API as its native
environment but during development NT was changed to use the
Win32 API, reflecting the popularity of Windows 3.0.

Design Principles

Extensibility — layered architecture

 Executive, which runs in protected mode, provides the basic

system services.
 On top of the executive, several server subsystems operate in
user mode.
 Modular structure allows additional environmental
subsystems to be added without affecting the executive.
Portability — Windows 7 can be moved from one hardware architecture
to another with relatively few changes.

 Written in C and C++

 Processor-specific portions are written in assembly language
for a given processor architecture (small amount of such
code).
 Platform-dependent code is isolated in a dynamic link library
(DLL) called the “hardware abstraction layer” (HAL)

Reliability — Windows 7 uses hardware protection for virtual memory,

and software protection mechanisms for operating system resources.

Compatibility — applications that follow the IEEE 1003.1 (POSIX)

standard can be complied to run on 7 without changing the source code.

Performance — Windows 7 subsystems can communicate with one

another via high-performance message passing.

Preemption of low priority threads enables the system to respond quickly

to external events

Designed for symmetrical multiprocessing

International support — supports different locales via the national

language support (NLS) API
Windows 7 Architecture

Layered system of module

Protected mode — hardware abstraction layer (HAL), kernel, executive
User mode — collection of subsystems
 Environmental subsystems emulate different operating systems
 Protection subsystems provide security functions
Features of Windows 7

1. Libraries:
One new networking feature of Windows 7 that aggregates data from
multiple sources into a single folder view. This could also be called a
virtual folder. Actually, it is an indexed view of multiple data sources.
Because of the new library functionality, many of the common user folders
in Windows 7 have been renamed. In Windows Vista you had Documents,
Downloads, Photos, Videos, and Music. In Windows 7, these folders have
been renamed and now you have Personal Documents, Personal
Downloads, Personal Photos, Personal Videos, and Personal Music.
Yes, in other words, all the folders in a user’s home directory have been
renamed with the word Personal in front of them. As I said, there is a
reason for this and that reason is to allow us to use libraries and to
distinguish between public and personal (private) documents.
Besides these personal document folders, each Windows 7 computer is
going to have public folder such as Public Documents.
To reiterate, the purpose of Libraries is to join together these personal and
public documents into a single documents directory (as well as any other
libraries that you create).
Thus, the default Libraries in Windows 7 are:
 Documents: made up of Personal Documents and Public Documents
 Downloads: made up of Personal Downloads and Public Downloads
 Music: made up of Personal Music and Public Music
 Photos: made up of Personal Photos and Public Photos
 Videos: made up of Personal Videos and Public Videos
 2. Network and Sharing Revisions:
In Windows Vista the Network and Sharing center was pretty, what I
would call “busy”. There were lots of options and things that could be
done resulting in the use of it being fairly confusing.In Windows 7 the
Network and Sharing center has been simplified

.
The Network and Sharing options have been moved to the Choose
homegroup and sharing options window (which we will look at in a minute)
and the left navigation options have been moved to other menu windows. I
also think that the view your active networks section now looks much nicer
and easier to understand.
Personally, I wish that there were more technical networking details shown
on the Network and Sharing window. However, I am a technical
networking guy and that is likely why I feel that way. I can see where
perhaps Microsoft would want to shield less experienced users from
technical network details.

3. View Available Networks (VAN):

While the “View Available Networks” or VAN feature sounds like it could
be complex and a whole new kind of virtual network, it isn’t. However, it
is pretty helpful. Essentially, the VAN feature allows you to view all
available networks and connect to them, directly from the system tray.

With users being more mobile and connecting to various networks, this is a
much needed feature.
4. Super Fast Wake up and Boot, Smart Network Power,
and Wake on LAN for Wireless:
Some of the new features of Windows 7 are there to speed up Windows 7
or save power. Here are 3 examples:
Fast Wake Up & Fast Boot – enables your Windows 7 machine to wake
up faster when it was put in hibernate or standby mode. The fast boot
feature allows Windows 7 to boot up faster when it is powered on from a
cold boot.
Smart Network Power – turns off the power to your Ethernet jack when
there is no cable connected
Wake on LAN for Wireless – bring the well-known wired Ethernet
feature to wireless networks. Think about it – an Admin can wake up
thousands of sleeping computers, not even wired to the network, using
wake on LAN for wireless.

5. BranchCache:
BranchCache is a big win for branch office users and IT Admins. With
BrachCache, when remote Windows 7 users access file or Intranet content
on a Windows 2008 R2 server at the headquarters, that data is downloaded
to the remote branch. The second time that the same Windows 7 PC, or a
different Windows 7 PC, needs that data or Intranet content, access to it is
much faster because it has already been cached.
BranchCache can operate in two modes – Hosted Cache or Distributed
Mode. With Hosted Cache, a Windows 2008 R2 server at the branch office
is the central caching server for that branch. With Distributed Mode, no
Windows 2008 R2 server is needed and the cache data is stored on the
distributed Windows 7 PCs at the branch.
Before you can raise your security red flag, you should know that
BranchCache complies with all Windows security settings and always
checks to ensure that it is delivering the latest version of the file to the
Windows 7 PC that requested it.
6.Virtualization Enhancements:
With the Windows 7 Virtualization Enhancements, when you run
Windows 7 in a VDI (virtual desktop interface) mode, the end user will
enjoy a higher quality experience. To help you visualize how this works,
let us say that you have a Hyper-V server and you are running Windows 7
as a Guest virtual machine on the server. End users running thin client
devices connect to the Windows 7 Guest VMs on that server. Previously,
with Windows XP or Vista, there would have been limitations to the users’
experience, as compared to a traditional desktop. With Windows 7 many
of these limitations are removed. Here is what Windows 7 provides when
used in a VDI mode:
 The Windows Aero Interface
 Viewing of videos in Windows Media Player 11
 Multiple monitors
 Microphone for VoIP uses
 “Easy Print”, which allows you to use a printer on the local printer
without installing a printer driver
 Common tools for IT Admins to manipulate virtual desktop images
 Something else that is new about Windows 7 and VDI is the new
Windows Vista Enterprise Centralized Desktop (VECD) license.

6. Fix a Network Problem:

One of my favorite changes to Windows 7 networking is the update to
Vista’s diagnose and repair. In Windows 7 if you want to get assistance
fixing a network issue, you just click Fix a network problem. Sound simple
and clear, right? That’s what I like about it.
From Windows 7 Network and Sharing, if you click Fix a Network
Problem, you get this window, asking you want you want to fix:
Windows 7 will go through and attempt to fix any network issues that you
select. It will even ask you if you want to fix it as a Windows
Administrator. Here is what fixing a homegroup looks like
7.QoS Enhancements:
While Quality of Service (QoS) is not something that end users think about
they do see the results if QoS is not working. Windows 7 offers a number
of QoS enhancements.
URL based QoS is one of the new Windows 7 QoS Enhancments. Since
many mission critical enterprise applications have been moved into hosted
web environments, URL based QoS is the answer to giving those IT
Admins the ability to prioritize those mission critical web applications over,
say, other general web surfing.

7. DirectAccess:
I like how Microsoft characterizes the new Windows 7 feature,
DirectAccess –
1. Help mobile users get more done
2. Help IT Admins manage remote machines more effectively

The combination of both of these things make DirectAccess worth learning

more about (and likely implementing).
So what exactly is DirectAccess? Today, mobile users can connect to the
enterprise network with VPN but it is not always easy and can be difficult
to configure. DirectAccess wants to be the answer that allows end users to
connect to the enterprise quickly and easily, without VPN.
For the IT Admins, DirectAccess will allow them to manage laptops even
if the laptops are not connected to the VPN. The IT Admin can schedule
software to the updated or configuration changes to be made, the next time
that device connects using DirectAccess.

8. HomeGroup:
Absolutely, the best new Windows 7 networking feature for home and
small office users is the homeGroup feature. Essentially, a homegroup is
a simple way to link computers on your home network together so that
they
single password that is used to access the homegroup, making creating it
and connecting to it easy.
To configure a Windows 7 Homegroup, you can click on Choose
Homegroup and Sharing Options from the Network and Sharing Center
in Windows 7, then Create now (assuming your network location is set to
Home).

You will be asked what types of personal content you want to share with
the HomeGroup.
You will be able to select what you want to share in the homegroup

And you will be given a single password, used on other computers, to

connect to the homegroup.
When you are done, the Homegroup and Sharing center will look
something like this:
 Advantages of the Windows 7 operating system

 Windows 7 is one of the most optimized versions so far, it runs its

applications faster than Windows Vista and Windwos 8, respectively.
 Networking is more comfortable and simple, resources can be shared,
easily, with the use of assistants.
 It takes advantage of the full power of the 64Bits architecture, with
which, the performance, both at the beginning, and in the execution of
the applications and processes, is of high performance.
 In the event of external failures, such as a power outage, battery drain
and the like, the system usually recovers successfully; allowing to start
normally, without data loss.
 In case of situations inherent to hardware compatibility problems or
other system inconvenience, it allows to start Windows, in the so-
called "Safe Mode"; that disables certain startup drivers and other
processes, and gives us the opportunity to make quick fixes.
 The installation of the system, through the wizard, in addition to being
quick is intiutive; with which, any user, with minimal knowledge, can
carry out this procedure.
 The taskbar allows us to quickly pin the shortcuts of our favorite
applications; just drag and drop in some space of the bar.
 It detects faster the different USB connection peripherals, such as
keyboards, mice, printers, among other devices.
 Windows 7 versions, such as Professional and Ultimate, are
lightweight, fast, and robust; to work in high-volume environments.
 Disadvantages of the Windows 7 operating system

 The support offered by Microsoft to users of this version; it has already

expired, so there are no more updates to fix bugs.
 Several scenarios with screens of death remain uncorrected; with
which, the famous blue screens that we have seen from previous
versions, are still present in the user experience.
 Since Windows 7 is without support, the new versions of office
applications, design, among others; they do not come compatible; and
to use them we are forced to migrate.
 Windows 7, for gamers, is not a good alternative; despite performance;
the most up-to-date drivers for running multi-machine juices, can only
be installed starting with Windows 10.
 This version of Windows does not have migration files that allow you
to apply a direct upgrade from the XP version; this would be especially
useful for users who don't want to format or go through Windows
Vista.
 When it came to market, the cost per license was considerably high,
although the bad reputation of Windows Vista was already notorious
and evident.
 Despite having the "Microsoft Security Essential" application, this has
not prevented Windows 7 from succumbing to viruses and other
malicious code, which are usually subtly downloaded over the Internet
or transferred through a file.
 From my experience, this version, unlike XP, slows down more
frequently; especially when you use browsers like Google Chrome or
Firefox.

Conclusion: I have studied