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Detailed Syllabus The Written Examination Will Consist of The Following Papers
Detailed Syllabus The Written Examination Will Consist of The Following Papers
Following Papers:
Qualifying Papers:
Paper‐ A (One of the Indian Language to be selected by the candidate
from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the
Constitution). 300 Marks
Paper‐ B English 300 Marks Papers to be counted for merit
Paper-I Essay 250 Marks
Paper-II General Studies–I- 250Marks (Indian Heritage and Culture,
History and Geography of the World and Society)
Paper-III General Studies –II- 250 Marks (Governance, Constitution,
Polity, Social Justice and International relations)
Paper-IV General Studies –III- 250 Marks (Technology, Economic
Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster
Management)
Paper-V General Studies –IV 250 Marks (Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)
How to Prepare UPSC Civil Services Mains
Paper-II (GS-1)
STRATEGY
GS-1 broadly covers – Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and
Society.
Under this heading total 12 topics and around 40 sub-topics are given in the syllabus.
Get familiar with all the topics and sub-topics by writing them many times – they should be
strongly etched in your memory.
Keep a copy of the syllabus always near you no matter where you are.
Now, how to deal with GS-1?
Assuming you are now familiar with the syllabus of GS-1, we will discuss a topic by topic
what to read, from where to read and what not to read for these topics.
TOPIC-1
Indian Culture will cover the salient aspects of Art forms, Literature and Architecture from
ancient to modern times.
In this topic, the sub-topics are – Art forms, Literature, Architecture– from ancient to modern
times. Before jumping into Big Books, first go through these beautiful books by NCERT – to
get a glimpse of the sub-topics – they are
Apart from these you should have a reference book for getting more information:
TOPIC-2
Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present–
Advent of British to India‟s Independence – so covers this part of the syllabus completely.
It is bulky and factual, so it is recommended for beginners both for Prelims and Mains
along with Bipan Chandra‟s book, but not for aspirants writing Mains this year who are
running short of time.
TOPIC-3
[The Freedom Struggle – its various stages and important contributors /contributions from
different parts of the country.]
Because this topic demands specific knowledge of Freedom Struggle and its various facets,
you must, along with the above mentioned book, read Bipan Chandra‟s Struggle For India‟s
Independence.
TOPIC – 4
For this you need to study Chapter 6 to 12 of India Since Independence – Bipan Chandra
0r Chapters 8 to 14 from India after Gandhi: the History of the World‟s Largest
Democracy (above mentioned chapters cover completely this part of the syllabus)
TOPIC-5
[History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution,
world wars,redrawal of national boundaries,colonization,decolonization, political
philosophies
like communism, capitalism,socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.]
Except for Industrial revolution, Mastering Modern World History by Norman Lowe Above
book is not available anywhere these days. Best alternative is a book by Arjun Dev – History
of the World from the Late Nineteenth to the Early Twenty First Century
If both books are not available, then read this book – Old NCERT World History Class-X
TOPIC-6
About salient features of Indian Society – don‟t look anywhere else – Just read this NCERT
For India specific women related issues download this beautiful report (PLATFORM FOR
ACTION-REPORT ON INDIAN WOMEN) where you can find everything you want to learn
about Women‟s issues.
Other sub-topics are general in nature and can be found in Magazines and Newspapers. If
one is thorough with current events questions on these sub-topics can be answered very
well by consolidating their knowledge.
TOPIC-8
This is also general in nature. If you have a basic understanding of Indian Society and
Globalization, their mutual relation can be elucidated with ease. Here is a good article from a
Marxist politician about the topic. (UPSC people love the slightly leftist version of
everything)
To know more about effect of Globalization on Indian Society, you need to know better
about Indian Society. This book is a must have for broad understanding of the Indian Society.
TOPIC-9
This is again generic. But you must know the basic concept of communalism, regionalism
and secularism. Wikipedia comes handy here.
TOPIC-10
[Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the
Indian subcontinent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and
tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)]
TOPIC-12
activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical
geographical features (including water bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the
effects of such changes.]
This is a repetition actually. You can read Physical Geography book by Goh Cheng Leong
which is mentioned above (Certificate Physical and Human Geography 1st Edition)
This topic on critical changes in geographical features is broadly related to climate change and
other anthropogenic factors(such as depletion of resources, dumping of wastes etc).
Geographical features like rainforests, ice caps, rivers, corals, cyclones all get affected by
climate change. Anthropogenic factors are involved in increasing desertification, vanishing
forests, biodiversity, pollution of rivers and lakes, etc.
Your focus should be on such changes. Question may be on how monsoon is affected by
global climate change? or how a cyclone is affected by global warming? What effect has the
melting ice cap on the biodiversity in the polar regions? etc
Until now we saw what books to read. Now the question is how to remember most of the
things we read and how to translate them into better answers.
A common mistake most of the aspirants commit is reading so many books for a single
topic.This mistake costs both your time and ability to remember things clearly and concisely.
Stick to a single source and read it again and again. Remember The Same Source. Avoid the
temptation of doing „Research‟ on a topic.
Always Remember – UPSC tests Basic Understanding. Not mastery over a topic.
Make short notes on each topic. It is while making notes that readers tend to do RESEARCH
and scout various sources. Stick to one book even if you are not 100% satisfied with it.
Remember that old saying? – Jack of all trades, master of NONE. If you try to do Research, most
probably your name won‟t appear in the Final List. I guarantee it.
For Paper-II (i.e GS-1) being thorough with Current Events plays a crucial role in enabling
you to acquire analytical skills.
But what? – One must practice answer writing to Previous year questions, or take a Mock Test.
Whatever, before you enter examination hall, you must have spent lot of time on answer writing.
If you don‟t Revise what you read all these months – you slightly miss the Personality Test,
or You narrowly miss appearing in the Final List.
Well, to sum up. To get the interview call all you need to do is: Read, Re-read the same
UPSC has brought changes to the Civil Services Mains examination in both the pattern and the
syllabus. We know that now there are 4 General Studies Papers apart from one Essay and
Optional paper each.
This article discusses preparation strategy for General Studies -2 (i.e Paper-III)
Before you start reading further, please remember the following important mantra given by
the Almighty UPSC:
“The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on
conflicting socio‐ economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.”
This sentence is the guiding light for your preparation. You don‟t have to master the
topics, all you need is BASIC UNDERSTANDING and the ability to analyze.
Basic understanding comes from reading and re-reading. Ability to analyze what you have
understood from reading comes from WRITING PRACTICE.
Get familiar with all the topics and sub-topics by writing them many times – they should
be strongly etched in your memory.
Keep a copy of the syllabus always near you no matter where you are.
Assuming you are now familiar with the syllabus of GS-1, we will discuss a topic by topic what
to read, from where to read and what not to read for these topics.
Before you start preparing for this paper, please read following NCERT texts, which might
take 2-3 days of your time.
This part is very useful both for Prelims and Mains. Best book to study this section is D.D.
Basu‟s “Introduction To The Constitution Of India” First 5 chapters in this book exclusively deal
TOPIC-2
Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to
the federal structure,devolution of powers and finances up to local levels andchallenges
therein.
One good source to get the critical perspective about these topics is –Report of the 2nd
For the concept part read – Laxmikant‟s Indian Polity. (Chapters 12, 13 14 and 30).
But Mains demands not only basic understanding of these topics, but your critical and
analytic abilities to answer questions on these topics. So, try to relate these concepts to
current event topics and write small articles. ARC reports will help you in this regard.
Eg. ” Though devolution of funds, functionaries and functions is taking place in the local
governments, development is still a mirage in many parts of India”. Critically analyze. (you
can frame many questions like this)
TOPIC-3
This topic is a dynamic portion – we read lot about conflict between the Judiciary and the
Executive – to answer dynamic topics, one should first understand the constitutional
provisions, redressal measures with the constitution, checks and balances provided in the
constitution etc.
ARC reports come to the rescue again. 7th report of 2nd ARC named“Capacity Building for
Conflict Resolution” talks elaborately on various issues such as Left Wing Extremism,
Regional Disparities, Land and Water related issues, SC and ST issues, Religious conflicts
and North East conflicts – which involve numerous institutions in the conflict management
and resolution.
Later, scan current events and find any latest instances of conflict between any
constitutional bodies, or between a constitutional body and statutory body.
TOPIC-4
A book by S. Chand – Select Constitutions of the world is famous among Law students. This
covers this topic comprehensively. One should be careful to not to study this topic in depth.
In case you can afford to buy costly book – D.D. Basu‟s Classic on the Indian Constitution –
Shorter Constitution Of India not only covers all above topics, it also covers the present topic.
Few links that might help:
Evolution of Indian Constitution (It is compared with other constitutions – you have to search in
between)
Try to know some basics about the New Constitutions/reforms being framed/brought out in
Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Pakistan.
(Again, emphasis should be on relating all these topics to the current events)
TOPIC-5
To cover this topic, one stop source is Subhash Kashyp‟s Our Parliament. (Why this
book? Because it is written by someone who worked inside the Parliament for most of his
career, and this book gives a detailed idea about the functioning of our Parliament – as
the above topic suggests, you should be familiar with all aspects of our Parliament.
TOPIC-6
Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and
Departments of the Government; Pressure and formal/informal associations and their role in
the Polity.
BASICS:
Union Executive
Parliament of India
State Legislature
Pressure Groups
Again, Laxmikant is enough for this topic. Regarding pressure groups/ informal associations
– recent activism shown by Civil society, conflict with the government and other such topics
should be studied in depth.
TOPIC-7
This topic has generated more heat in the past and present – eg, office of profit bill, anti-
Recent supreme court ruling disqualifying MPs and MLAs with criminal background, and
current topics like this should be studied carefully.
TOPIC-8 and 9
Read Laxmikant for this part. Part VII,VIII and IX of this book completely covers
these topics.
This part of the syllabus has given rise to some contentious issues such as political
interference in the appointment to various constitutional posts and statutory bodies. Eg
EC, CBI, CVC, CAG, SC, Governors, Lokayukta, Lokpal (if it comes into existence) etc. So,
read this topic keeping in mind these above issues.
As I said before, you need to read all the above topics with an analytical perspective. To
provide you with this, there is a wonderful book published by Oxford University Press
and authored by Pratap Bhanu Mehta, named – “Public Institutions in India – Performance
and Design“, will be immensely useful.
As its back cover says, “This volume analytically assesses the design, performance, and adaptability of
the principal institutions of governance in India and their critical role in a democratic
TOPIC-10
Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising
out of their design and implementation.
This part is covered well in the same book I mentioned above: “Public Institutions in India –
TOPIC-11
Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various
groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders
[Please note the phrase “Development Industry” – it refers to aid industry developed around
NGOs, UN bodies, Charities etc and their role in the development process.]
TOPIC-12
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and
the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted
for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Note the word “STATE” – schemes by the states are also important.
Focus on the schemes being implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child welfare, Ministry
List of All state and central scheme – Govt. of India Website (here you can filter queries by
the ministry- it is not easy though, govt site you know..)
One more option is visit this link on my site to go to the site of any Ministry and find schemes
there.
TOPICS 12 and 13
TOPIC-13
This introductory article on 2nd ARC site and 2nd ARC report on “Promoting e-Governance:
The SMART Way Forward” will be very useful to cover this topic.
Again, 2nd ARC report (10th report) – Refurbishing of Personnel Administration has whole
chapter (ch-4) on this topic.
International Relations
TOPIC-15
India – Afghanistan
India – Pakistan
India – Nepal
India – Bhutan
India – Bangladesh
India – Sri lanka
India – Maldives
India – China
India – Myanmar
2. For critical analysis – This Book by Dr.Arunoday Bajpayee-India And The World & Rajiv
Sikri – Challenge and Strategy – Rethinking India‟s Foreign Policy is must for reading this part of
the syllabus.
TOPIC – 16
Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or
affecting India’s interests
For India‟s relations with the other countries, click here. (read only important counries –
USA, UK, EU, SA, Brazil, Japan, Russia, Australia etc)
Ministry of External Affairs has briefs on all bilateral relations of India with regional
and global groupings:
Commonwealth
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) August 2012 eraction and
Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA)
G-20
India-ASEAN Relations
India-EU Relations
TOPIC-18
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests,
Indian diaspora
This is a dynamic part – effects of globalization, WTO policies, domestic policies of
developed countries and their effect on other countries (lot of examples from USA, UK
can be given – visa row, war on terrorism, immigration policies, economic policies etc)
Indian diaspora – their contribution to India, India‟s contribution to them, Their contribution
to the world etc. Their problems in the residing countries, their rights in India
Newspaper is the best source I guess. For more info, visit the official site.
TOPIC- 19
UNO and its various bodies, agencies must be studied with respect to their structure, role,
relevance and reforms. UN reforms is the hot topic.
TWO RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Only If You Have More Time At Your Disposal) – Both
By Granville Austin – Classics On Indian Polity
A SMALL LECTURE
Until now we saw what books to read. Now the question is how to remember most of the
things we read and how to translate them into better answers.
A common mistake most of the aspirants commit is reading so many books for a single
topic.This mistake costs both your time and ability to remember things clearly and concisely.
Stick to a single source and read it again and again. Remember The Same Source. Avoid the
temptation of doing „Research‟ on a topic.
Always Remember – UPSC tests Basic Understanding. Not mastery over a topic.
Make short notes on each topic. It is while making notes that readers tend to do RESEARCH
and scout various sources. Stick to one book even if you are not 100% satisfied with it.
Remember that old saying? – Jack of all trades, master of NONE. If you try to do Research, most
probably your name won‟t appear in the Final List. I guarantee it.
For Paper-II (i.e GS-1) being thorough with Current Events plays a crucial role in enabling
you to acquire analytical skills.
But what? – One must practice answer writing to Previous year questions, or take a Mock Test.
Whatever, before you enter examination hall, you must have spent lot of time on answer writing.
If you don‟t Revise what you read all these months – you slightly miss the Personality Test,
or You narrowly miss appearing in the Final List.
Well, to sum up. To get the interview call all you need to do is: Read, Re-read the same
Preparation for this paper can be finished in 20 days provided you are focused and
determined.
How To Prepare UPSC Civil Services Mains Paper IV (GS-3)
Technology,
Economic Development,
Bio diversity,
Environment,
Security and
Disaster Management.
(You can observe that it resembles GS-2 of old patterns statistics and
Get familiar with all the topics and sub-topics by writing them many times –
they should be strongly etched in your memory.
Keep a copy of the syllabus always near you no matter where you are.
Assuming you are now familiar with the syllabus of GS-3, we will discuss a topic by
topic what to read, from where to read and what not to read for these topics.
TOPIC-1
3. NCERT Class XII – Macroeconomics (chapters 2,5 and 6 are very important)
Three books above will make your concepts very clear. After understanding
your concepts, you have to read the above topics by relating them to the
current events. For this reading one Business newspaper helps a lot. Business
standard is the best (if you are comfortable with ET, it is fine. But do try BS
once)
Indian Economy for Civil Services Examinations – Ramesh Singh
TOPIC-2
We had 11th Five year plan which exhorted the „Inclusive Growth‟ mantra and
then 12th Fiver year document, going a step further aiming for a „Faster, More
Inclusive and Sustainable Growth‟.
Conceptualizing Inclusive Growth
For a thorough review of Inclusive Growth strategy in India read this article:
Inclusive Growth in India – Past Performance and Future Prospects
TOPIC – 3
Government Budgeting
TOPIC-4
Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of
irrigation and irrigation systems; storage, transport and marketing of agricultural
produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers
Understanding concepts is important here too. NCERT comes to the aid here;
Irrigation Methods
For agriculture marketing, storage and reforms in these areas, one should
Agriculture Marketing Reforms
Agricultural Prices and Markets – State of India Agriculture Report
TOPIC – 5
Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices;
Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of
buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing
This is the most important topic in this paper – all sub-topics are dynamic in
nature and 1-2 questions will be directly asked from these. This topic
encompasses the broad area of Food Security, which is a hot topic these days.
News Articles;
Food Security Bill – The devil is in the detail – The Hindu
(You need to know only what these missions were meant for and what‟s their
progress so far)
Economics of Animal Breeding! – This has come from nowhere. Study it here
You can have a look at this report of Planning Commission (only 3 pages)
Role of livestock in Indian Economy
TOPIC – 6
Food processing is a sunrise industry and lately there has been a lot of thrust
from the government on this industry.
Articles:
Economic Times
TOPIC – 7
This is a hot favourite topic for UPSC and luckily you get plenty of material
to read on this topic. That is the problem. In this exam, sticking to one
source is the secret of success (of course, not for all topics)
Land reforms – 1
Land Reforms – 2
TOPIC – 8
Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects
on industrial growth
You can read these topics from the above mentioned book by Ramesh Singh.
It is explained very well.
Indian Economy for Civil Services Examinations – Ramesh Singh(Chapters 6
and 10, 4th edition – the above link is for latest 5th edition)
TOPIC-9
Investment models
For example, within PPP model, there are various modalities are involved
(see below)
Schemes Modalities
Build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) it, and then transfers it to the Government when the
Build-lease-operate-transfer (BLOT) time. The private partner may subsequently rent or lease
TOPIC -11
Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life
First, for non – science grads, a reading of NCERT Class VI to X Science Texts is advised.
This will clear many concepts for you and will enable you to understand other topics in the
syllabus.
The problem with this book is its vastness – they have simply dumped every topic in detail
like paranoid. For students with science background this book is advised, – you have to
study it selectively. Very selectively. This book has all the topics that are included in the
syllabus and that are not included also.
If one goes through previous question papers, one can observe that UPSC has always asked
questions on S&T from within the syllabus. For example, there will be a question on
biotechnology, space, robotics, nanotechnology and computers – they might be from latest
developments in the respective fields, but all are from the syllabus.
Third source is The Hindu and Frontline. Every Thursday, The Hindu carries a separate
page on S&T – if one is regular with this page and have the collection of cuttings, this will
help in 5 mark and 2 mark questions asked from current event section.
Fourth source is Wikipedia and New Scientist sites. From this site, read
articles on Nanotechnology, Robotics, IPR etc.
Under IPR, you may have to read about Novartis case, so The Hindu article
is here. Also TRIPS is important.
For India‟s achievements in the field of S&T, you must read India 2015 Year Book (chapters
TOPIC-12
BASICS:
This particular topic encompasses topics such as biodiversity and climate change, forest and
wildlife conservation, river conservation, pollution in cities, waste management, pollution
from human activities, marine pollution etc – so it is a vast area.
First choice should be The Hindu Environmental Survey (they may release 2015 survey now).
Sources from the ministry of environment(look at the left side for related links when you land
on the page):
Annual Report of the Environment Ministry 2012-13 (for chapters on conservation, EIA and
forests etc) – Click Here.
TOPIC – 13
A report on Disaster Management. (read selectively). You will find everything in it you ever
wanted to know about the topic!
SECURITY ISSUES
TOPIC-14
. Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
. Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social
networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and
its prevention
Money Laundering –
For a starter, here is a book just released by Oxford University Press, exclusively on
these topics. Titled „India‟s National Security – A Reader„
TOPIC-15
Agencies
A SMALL LECTURE
Until now we saw what books to read. Now the question is how to remember most of the
things we read and how to translate them into better answers.
A common mistake most of the aspirants commit is reading so many books for a single
topic.This mistake costs both your time and ability to remember things clearly and concisely.
Stick to a single source and read it again and again. Remember The Same Source. Avoid the
temptation of doing „Research‟ on a topic.
Always Remember – UPSC tests Basic Understanding. Not mastery over a topic.
Make short notes on each topic. It is while making notes that readers tend to do RESEARCH
and scout various sources. Stick to one book even if you are not 100% satisfied with it.
Remember that old saying? – Jack of all trades, master of NONE. If you try to do Research, most
probably your name won‟t appear in the Final List. I guarantee it.
For Paper-II (i.e GS-1) being thorough with Current Events plays a crucial role in enabling
you to acquire analytical skills.
But what? – One must practice answer writing to Previous year questions, or take a Mock Test.
Whatever, before you enter examination hall, you must have spent lot of time on answer writing.
If you don‟t Revise what you read all these months – you slightly miss the Personality Test,
or You narrowly miss appearing in the Final List.
Well, to sum up. To get the interview call all you need to do is: Read, Re-read the same
UPSC has brought changes to the Civil Services Mains examination in both the pattern and the
syllabus. We know that now there are 4 General Studies Papers apart from one Essay and
Optional paper each. Of these, new paper on Ethics Aptitude and Integrity has been a
headache for many aspirants as quality source is elusive even now when the exam is
nearing.
This article discusses preparation strategy for General Studies – 4 (i.e Paper-IV -Ethics
Aptitude and Integrity )
Before you start reading further, please remember the following important mantra given by
the Almighty UPSC:
“The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on
conflicting socio‐ economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.”
This sentence is the guiding light for your preparation. You don‟t have to master the
topics, all you need is BASIC UNDERSTANDING and the ability to analyze. Basic
understanding comes from reading and re-reading. Ability to analyze what you have
understood from reading comes from WRITING PRACTICE.
This article was tough to write as it‟s new and sources for this article were difficult to find.
Sources for this article are diverse. Books published by Oxford, Cambridge university
presses, Springer, Sage publications have been referred. Britannica encyclopedia and
IGNOU materials were of immense help too.
Many PDFs are of advanced nature. You don‟t have to read all the PDFs in toto. Read first
Dimensions of ethics
Ethics in private relationships – Read chapter 3 in the link. It‟s in Google Books and the
chapter has all pages. It is very good with lots of case studies. If any IT guy can extract
pages and covert them to PDF
Human Values
Human values – IGNOU Material
Lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators
You can read about them from school books or from website.
Attitude
Structure and Function
Related Article
Integrity
These are actually civil service values recommended by the second ARC in its report (10th
Emotional intelligence
Concept
Professionalism and Ethics in Public Service – UN Document. Read only Chapter One and
Conclusion. Problems and Issues about Public service values is given in it.
Ethical Dilemma
Ethics and Governance – T N Chaturvedi (he was CAG and Governor of Karnataka)
Corporate governance
Corporate Governance – Read it as it contains many new facts and ideas. (not so good,
though)
This part of the syllabus is completely covered in the following book. It is written by
two retired IAS officers of Gujarat cadre. All the topics of this part of the syllabus and
other topics of importance are covered in this book.
Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude for Civil Services Main Examination (Paper – 5)
Probity in Governance
Probity in Governance – Excellent one – It is published by Law Ministry and contains many
concepts.
Codes of Ethics
Codes of Conduct
Citizen’s Charters
Citizen‟s Chartes – FAQs
Citizen Charter Handbook
Work culture
Source – 1
Apart from the above book, the following book might be useful as it is written by a renowned
author Ramesh Arora (his books on Public Administration are well received)
Until now we saw what books to read. Now the question is how to remember most of the
things we read and how to translate them into better answers.
A common mistake most of the aspirants commit is reading so many books for a single
topic.This mistake costs both your time and ability to remember things clearly and concisely.
Stick to a single source and read it again and again. Remember The Same Source. Avoid the
temptation of doing „Research‟ on a topic.
Always Remember – UPSC tests Basic Understanding. Not mastery over a topic.
Make short notes on each topic. It is while making notes that readers tend to do RESEARCH
and scout various sources. Stick to one book even if you are not 100% satisfied with it.
Remember that old saying? – Jack of all trades, master of NONE. If you try to do Research, most
probably your name won‟t appear in the Final List. I guarantee it.
For Paper-II (i.e GS-1) being thorough with Current Events plays a crucial role in enabling
you to acquire analytical skills.
But what? – One must practice answer writing to Previous year questions, or take a Mock Test.
Whatever, before you enter examination hall, you must have spent lot of time on answer writing.
Most Important Part In The Preparation
If you don‟t Revise what you read all these months – you slightly miss the Personality Test,
or You narrowly miss appearing in the Final List.
Well, to sum up. To get the interview call all you need to do is: Read, Re-read the same