World Tariff Profiles22 e

World
Tariff
Profiles
2022
SPECIAL TOPICS
1. Preferential
rules of origin in
international trade
2. Non-tariff measures
on “green” and “brown”
energy products
About this publication
World Tariff Profiles is a co-publication of the WTO,
ITC and UNCTAD on market access for goods.
This annual publication provides comprehensive
information on the tariffs and non-tariff measures
imposed by over 170 countries and customs
territories. Non-WTO members are included if
data on the tariffs they applied in 2021 or 2020
are available in the databases of the WTO, ITC
or UNCTAD.
For more information

The statistical tables included in this
report can be downloaded from the WTO
web site at www.wto.org/statistics
Contents
I SUMMARY
TABLES
General note and abbreviations 2
Introduction3
I. S
ummary tables 4
Tariff 6
Description of column headings 6
Technical notes 7
All products 8
II COUNTRY/TERRITORY
Agricultural products 14
TARIFF PROFILES
Non-agricultural products 20
Trade 26
Technical notes 27
Imports and exports profile 28
II. C
ountry/territory tariff profiles 34
Index of tariff profiles 36
Technical notes 37
III NON-TARIFF MEASURES

Country/territory tariff profiles 42
III. Non-tariff measures 198

1. Introduction 201
2. Statistics on some selected non-tariff measures 202
2.1. Anti-dumping 202
2.2. Countervailing measures 214
2.3. Safeguards 222
IV. S
pecial topics
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
1. Preferential rules of origin in international trade 230
1.1. Introduction 230
1.2. New comprehensive database of rules of origin 230
1.3. Preferential origin criteria 231
1.4. Origin and certification provisions 233
1.5. Conclusions 234
Annex 235
2. Non-tariff measures on “green” and “brown” energy products 238
2.2. Use of NTMs in “green” and “brown” energy products 239
V ANNEXES
2.3. Results and policy conclusions 239

2.4. References 244
Annex 245
V. Annexes 246
A. Data sources 248
B. Frequently asked questions 253
Acknowledgements 256
WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

1
World Tariff Profiles 2022 www.wto.org/statistics
General note and abbreviations
Abbreviations
The statistics related to applied tariffs nomenclature breakdowns. These are:
AVG Average and imports are calculated using (1) binding coverage; (2) tariff bindings
data which are based on the HS not fully implemented; and (3) AVEs.
AG Agricultural products nomenclature adopted by the country • While binding commitments cover
AVE Ad valorem equivalent for the reference year. For statistics all agricultural products, in principle,
on bound tariffs, the calculations are this is not always the case for
HS Harmonized System based on the approved schedule of non-agricultural goods. There are a
(nomenclature) concessions of the WTO member. number of WTO members where the
Max Maximum duty In previous issues of World Tariff binding coverage for non-agricultural
Profiles, each schedule is based on products is less – and sometimes
MFN Most favoured nation the HS version which the member much less – than 100 per cent. Also,
NAV Non-ad valorem duty used when it acceded to the WTO. a number of developed countries
Starting with the 2010 issue of this have not yet fully bound all the
Non-AG Non agricultural products publication, bound tariff statistics tariff lines in their schedules. Any
SSG Special safeguards are based on the approved schedule comparison of bound and applied
of concessions for each member tariff indicators is only valid in cases
TL Tariff line in the most recent HS version. This of full binding coverage.
UV Unit value might have some implications on the
• For most WTO members, except
historical series of various bound
the most recently acceded ones,
tariff indicators affected by the use
all commitments dating back to
of a different nomenclature. While
Notations the member’s commitments have not
the Uruguay Round have by now
been implemented. In cases
changed as a result of the transposition,
– Not applicable where commitments are not yet
some aggregate statistics might have
fully implemented, one may see
0 = 0 (not rounded) been affected as a consequence of
MFN applied averages or maxima
the change to another HS version.
0.0 > 0 and < 0.05 exceeding the corresponding bound
The classification of products into duty indicators.
100 = 100 (not rounded)
agricultural and non-agricultural
• Last but not least, the calculation
100.0 > 99.95 and < 100 is based on Annex 1 of the WTO
of AVEs may affect the comparison
Agreement on Agriculture which lists
Blank Bound or applied between bound and applied duties
all products covered in the Agreement.
duties and/or imports when the changes in nomenclature
The Annex enumerates HS codes
are not available have resulted in the use of different
that are subject to the agriculture
at all for a given unit values. In other cases, bound
negotiations in the WTO and are
country or territory. duties have been expressed in a
considered agricultural products.
way that is not directly comparable
Italics Maxima, based on AVE HS codes which are not in Annex 1
with the currently used applied
estimates are printed in are subject to the non-agricultural
duties. In a number of cases, the
italics; this also applies market access negotiations and are
estimated MFN applied AVEs were
in cases when the considered non-agricultural products.
adjusted when the corresponding
ad valorem is part of
In the comparison of bound and applied bound tariff lines were defined in
a compound or mixed
duties within countries and across ad valorem terms. In these cases,
duty as ceiling or floor.
countries, the following caveats need to the corresponding bound ad valorem
US$ United States dollar be taken into account besides that of the duty was used as ceiling for the
effects of different HS versions used and AVE estimate.
Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

2
www.wto.org/statistics World Tariff Profiles 2022
Introduction
WTO
The World Tariff Profiles is a joint cross-country comparison as well
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is publication of the WTO, ITC and as comparison of the levels of bound
the only global international organization UNCTAD devoted to market access and applied duties. Apart from the
dealing with the rules of trade between for goods. This statistical yearbook standard indicators like tariff averages,
nations. At its heart are the WTO contains a comprehensive compilation maxima, percentage of duty-free
agreements, negotiated and signed by
the bulk of the world’s trading nations and
of the main tariff parameters for each tariff lines, peaks and non-ad valorem
ratified in their parliaments. The goal is of the 164 WTO members plus other duties, it also contains indicators of
to help producers of goods and services, countries and customs territories tariff dispersion such as the number
exporters, and importers conduct their where data is available. Each tariff of distinct duties and the coefficient
business. The WTO’s main function is profile presents information on tariffs of variation. The calculation of
to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, imposed by each economy on its these indicators is based, where
predictably and freely as possible. It does imports complemented with an analysis applicable, on a pre-aggregation
this by administering trade agreements,
acting as a forum for trade negotiations,
of the market access conditions it to HS six-digit subheadings, which
settling trade disputes, reviewing faces in its major export markets. leads to a standardization across
national trade policies, assisting
Statistics for all countries and territories countries and thus makes the
developing countries in trade policy comparisons more compatible.
issues through technical assistance and are given in standardized tables which
training programmes and cooperating allow easy comparisons between
countries/territories, between sectors Similarly, the summary trade table
with other international organizations.
and, specifically for WTO members, showing the imports and exports profile
between bound and applied tariffs facilitates the comparison of selected
ITC as well. The calculations are based indicators among the economies
on national tariff schedules and listed. The statistics are presented
The International Trade Centre (ITC) by agricultural and non-agricultural
is the joint agency of the World Trade imports in conformity with a standard
Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature sector as well as for the total economy.
Organization and the United Nations. ITC
enables small business export success version. To the extent possible, ad The indicators related to the exports
in developing countries by providing, valorem equivalents (AVEs) of non- profile are based on mirror data
with partners, sustainable and inclusive ad valorem tariffs are estimated and reported by the importing economy.
trade development solutions to the private
are included in the estimation of tariff
sector, trade support institutions and The tariff profiles tables are divided
policymakers. ITC’s strategic objectives indicators. Nonetheless, certain caveats
apply in the interpretation of these into two blocks covering (A) the
are to strengthen the international
competitiveness of enterprises, to indicators and the reader is advised domestic market access protection
develop the capacity of trade service to read the methodological notes and (B) the protection faced in the
providers to support businesses, and to that precede the statistical tables. major export markets. In part A,
support policymakers in integrating the information on bound and applied
business sector into the global economy. The publication is presented in five duties is shown by duty ranges and
main parts. The first part shows by sectors. Information for agricultural
summary tariff and trade statistics for all
UNCTAD countries and territories for all products,
and non-agricultural duties is shown
separately. In addition, there are
Established in 1964, the United as well as a breakdown into agricultural indicators on the occurrence of special
Nations Conference on Trade and and non-agricultural products. The safeguards and on tariff quotas. In
Development (UNCTAD) promotes second part shows for each of these part B, the trade diversification and
the development-friendly integration countries and territories one full page market access conditions in the five
of developing countries into the world with disaggregation by sectors and
economy. UNCTAD has progressively major export markets are depicted,
duty ranges. It also contains a section broken down into agricultural and
evolved into an authoritative knowledge-
on the market access conditions non-agricultural products.
based institution whose work aims
to help shape current policy debates faced in their respective major
and thinking on development, with export markets. The third part covers
The third part contains the summary
a particular focus on ensuring that information on non-tariff measures
tables on anti-dumping actions,
domestic policies and international which are of increasing importance
action are mutually supportive in bringing countervailing duties and safeguard
in international trade. The fourth part
about sustainable development. measures. The new special topics
contains the special topics which
presented on the fourth part are
present new subjects in each edition.
entitled ”Preferential rules of origin in
The annexes are in part five and include
international trade” and the second one
the data sources and the compilation
is related to last year’s special topic on
of “Frequently Asked Questions”.
NTM but focusing only on a specific set
The summary tariff tables in of products, “Non-tariff measures on
the first part are designed to allow ‘green’ and ‘brown’ energy products”.

3
I. S
ummary tables
4
Tariff
Technical notes 7
All products 8
Agricultural products 14
Non-agricultural products 20
Trade
Technical notes 27
Imports and exports profile 28

5
Tariff Description of column headings
Column
Description or method of calculation
headings
Year of MFN
Calendar year or start of fiscal year
applied tariff
Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing at least
one bound tariff line. Full binding coverage is indicated
Binding
by 100 without further decimals. If some tariff lines
coverage
are unbound but the result still rounds to 100 this is
reflected by maintaining one decimal, i.e. 100.0.
Simple average of the ad valorem or

Simple average
AVE HS six-digit duty averages.
Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings in the total

Duty-free number of subheadings in the product group. Partially duty-
free subheadings are taken into account on a pro rata basis.
Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to non-

Non-ad valorem ad valorem duties. When only part of the HS six-digit
duties subheading is subject to non-ad valorem duties the
percentage share of these tariff lines is used.
Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem

duties or AVEs greater than 15 per cent. When only
Duties > 15 %
part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such
duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis.
Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem

duties or AVEs greater than three times the national average.
Duties > 3 × AVG
When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered
by such duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis.
Share of HS six-digit bound subheadings not yet

Concessions not
implemented in 2021. When only part of the HS
yet implemented
six-digit subheading is covered by such duties
in 2021
the calculation is made on a pro rata basis.
Maximum duty Maximum tariff line level ad valorem duty or AVE.
Number of distinct duty rates. Non-ad valorem duties are

Number
always treated as distinct because AVE calculations would
of distinct
always yield distinct AVEs. For this indicator, however,
duty rates
duties not provided are not included in the count.
Standard deviation of tariff line duty rates divided
Coefficient
by the simple tariff line level average of all duty
of variation
rates. Includes only ad valorem duties or AVEs.
Number of
MFN applied Total number of MFN applied tariff lines
tariff lines

6
Technical notes
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Only duties and imports recorded all calculations are based on the
under HS Chapters 01–97 are taken complete standard nomenclature. All
into account. Each applied tariff simple averages are based on pre-
schedule is validated against the aggregated HS six-digit averages.
standard nomenclature at the HS Pre-aggregation means that duties at
six-digit subheading level of the HS the tariff line level are first averaged
version adopted by the country for the to HS six-digit subheadings.
reference year. National tariff lines that Subsequent calculations are based
do not follow this standard (i.e., the on these pre-aggregated averages.
first six digits should be based on the
To the extent possible, non-ad valorem
standard subheading nomenclature of
duties are converted into ad valorem
the HS version used by the country) are
equivalents. The methodology used for
discarded and not taken into account.
the conversion is in Technical Annex B
On the other hand, missing
of World Tariff Profiles 2006.
subheadings are added. Hence,

7
All products
Summary Tables
All products
Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 %
Binding
MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN
Country/Territory applied Bound Bound Bound Bound
applied applied applied applied
tariff
in % Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Afghanistan 96.7 13.4 8.8 0.8 28.3
Albania 2021 100 6.6 3.6 32.7 53.4 0 0 15.2 0
Algeria 2021 19.0 1.4 0 42.6
Angola 2021 100 59.1 10.9 0 43.8 0 0 99.2 25.6
Antigua and Barbuda 2021 95.2 59.5 9.9 0 10.0 0 0.1 95.2 24.5
Argentina 2021 100 31.7 13.4 0.0 6.4 0 0 97.8 35.1
Armenia 2021 100 8.7 6.3 35.3 16.0 0 9.1 0 0.6
Australia 2021 97.2 9.4 2.4 23.6 52.0 1.0 0.1 12.9 0.0
Azerbaijan 2021 8.5 33.7 1.9 1.0
Bahrain, Kingdom of 2021 70.3 34.9 4.8 2.0 10.9 0 0.2 68.3 0.4
Bangladesh 2021 17.9 156.3 14.0 0.0 4.5 0 0.4 17.2 41.6
Barbados 2021 95.2 78.9 11.7 0 16.8 0 0.3 95.2 24.1
Belarus 2021 6.7 15.9 9.2 1.7
Belize 2021 96.0 59.1 11.9 0 11.1 0 0.5 96.0 26.6
Benin 2021 38.7 29.2 12.1 0.8 1.7 0 0 18.0 38.6
Bhutan 2021 9.7 9.0 0.1 1.1
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 2021 100 40.0 11.8 0 7.1 0 0.0 100.0 20.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2021 6.4 31.8 3.1 2.5
Botswana 2021 93.8 18.7 7.7 14.1 60.2 0 2.7 38.4 20.7
Brazil 2021 100 31.4 13.3 1.0 5.1 0 0 96.4 34.9
Brunei Darussalam 2021 95.5 25.4 0.3 0 95.8 0.3 0.3 95.3 0.0
Burkina Faso 2021 38.8 43.8 12.1 0.7 1.7 0 0 18.1 38.6
Burundi 2021 22.5 68.6 12.8 0.8 37.8 0 0.9 19.4 41.8
Cabo Verde 2021 100.0 15.9 10.2 4.5 46.1 0 0 44.7 31.6
Cambodia 2021 100 19.3 10.2 0.8 16.8 0 0.0 45.4 6.9
Cameroon 14.0 79.9 0 0 14.0
Canada 2021 99.7 6.7 4.0 40.3 77.8 2.8 1.5 7.0 6.6
Central African Republic 61.4 35.7 0 0 61.4
Chad 14.3 79.9 0 0 14.3
Chile 2021 100 25.1 6.0 0.0 0.3 0 0.1 100.0 0
China 2021 100 10.0 7.5 6.5 8.4 0 0.3 16.3 5.0
Colombia 2021 100 41.9 5.8 4.5 51.8 0 2.1 95.4 0.8
Comoros 2021 15.1 13.6 0.0 72.1
Congo 16.8 27.4 0 0 14.8
Cook Islands 2021 3.5 98.8 0.9 1.1
Costa Rica 2021 100 43.1 5.6 2.0 51.5 0 0 96.0 1.2
Côte d'Ivoire 2021 33.3 11.2 12.1 0.8 1.7 0 0 2.5 38.7
Cuba 2021 32.5 21.1 4.4 2.2 6.6 0 0 14.5 0
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2020 100 96.0 10.9 0 0.9 0 0.1 98.9 28.2
Djibouti 100 41.3 0.0 0 99.6
Dominica 2020 92.1 59.5 10.7 0 24.2 0 0.1 92.1 25.4
Dominican Republic 2021 100 34.2 7.6 2.0 55.6 0 0 89.7 29.2
Ecuador 2021 100 21.9 11.2 0 45.6 0 5.8 71.6 34.7
Egypt 99.3 36.6 1.9 0.2 69.8
El Salvador 2021 100 37.0 6.0 2.3 50.5 0 0 97.7 2.3
Eswatini 2021 93.8 19.0 7.7 14.2 60.2 0 2.7 38.3 20.7
Ethiopia 2021 17.0 7.0 0 50.3
European Union 2021 100 5.3 5.2 30.1 29.0 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.5
Fiji 2021 50.0 41.2 7.9 0 26.1 0.3 1.6 50.0 5.3
Gabon 100 23.7 0 0 53.0
The Gambia 2021 14.6 103.1 12.1 0 1.7 0 0 14.6 38.6
Georgia 2021 100 7.1 1.4 24.9 87.1 0.4 0.6 2.0 0.1
Ghana 2021 15.1 92.0 12.1 0 1.7 0 0 15.1 38.6
Grenada 100 57.2 0.2 0 99.8
Guatemala 2021 100 41.3 5.6 2.0 51.5 0 0 94.0 0.6
Guinea 2021 38.4 20.8 12.1 0.7 1.7 0 0 17.8 38.6

8
All products
I SUMMARY
Summary Tables
TABLES
All products
Concessions Number of distinct duty
Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation Number of
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
Bound in 2021 Bound MFN applied Bound Bound applied Country/Territory
applied applied applied
tariff lines
Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
4.7 0 70 60 103 Afghanistan
11.0 10.0 0.0 20 15 9 6 101 132 9,545 Albania
0.1 60 5 54 16,395 Algeria
0 9.8 0 80 70 6 11 8 142 5,658 Angola
0.2 6.8 0 220 70 32 14 39 94 6,705 Antigua and Barbuda
0 0 0 35 35 17 20 23 78 10,793 Argentina
0 0.2 0 15 80 9 438 80 74 12,308 Armenia
5.7 0.1 0 55 22 105 10 118 100 6,484 Australia
0.8 223 86 126 10,352 Azerbaijan
0.3 0.4 0 200 200 4 8 40 192 7,520 Bahrain, Kingdom of
0 0 0 200 25 17 32 48 67 7,191 Bangladesh
0.5 8.8 0 247 216 29 53 30 173 7,059 Barbados
1.0 290 398 122 12,278 Belarus
0 10.7 0 110 110 5 35 32 124 6,752 Belize
0.8 0 0 100 35 14 5 94 61 6,128 Benin
0.8 100 14 86 5,666 Bhutan
0 6.5 0 40 40 2 9 1 80 7,655 Bolivia, Plurinational State of
2.3 876 211 166 10,246 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.8 9.7 0 597 160 56 219 129 142 8,059 Botswana
0 0 0 55 35 32 15 29 73 10,301 Brazil
0.2 4.2 0 > 1000 135 27 25 140 883 11,205 Brunei Darussalam
0 0 0 100 35 12 5 105 61 6,128 Burkina Faso
0 0.7 0 100 100 11 21 63 95 5,685 Burundi
2.1 6.2 0 55 55 12 14 81 129 6,138 Cabo Verde
0.1 6.9 0 60 35 24 5 56 81 10,812 Cambodia
0 0 80 2 2 Cameroon
1.2 7.5 0 559 559 540 201 341 487 6,826 Canada
0 0 70 8 25 Central African Republic
0 0 80 2 1 Chad
0.1 0 0 98 6 7 3 10 7 8,560 Chile
2.4 2.3 0 65 65 59 90 76 84 8,640 China
2.4 0.8 0 227 98 51 14 61 164 7,781 Colombia
0 20 3 56 7,246 Comoros
0 0 30 3 26 Congo
1.1 > 1000 53 725 6,777 Cook Islands
0.1 1.2 0 233 150 19 13 36 163 10,792 Costa Rica
0.1 0 0 64 35 15 5 59 61 6,128 Côte d'Ivoire
0 0 0 62 10 28 8 79 33 6,053 Cuba
0 0 0 100 20 9 4 22 60 6,498 Democratic Republic of the Congo
0.6 0 450 14 49 Djibouti
0 8.9 0 150 165 4 24 41 153 6,769 Dominica
0 1.0 0 99 99 14 12 34 132 7,241 Dominican Republic
0.2 0.8 0 86 86 19 182 39 117 8,149 Ecuador
0.4 0 > 1000 42 412 Egypt
0.2 2.3 0 164 164 15 11 36 137 7,367 El Salvador
3.3 9.7 0 597 160 58 224 129 141 8,059 Eswatini
0 35 6 70 6,385 Ethiopia
4.6 4.3 0 360 160 1080 923 185 163 9,493 European Union
0.1 5.3 0 > 1000 > 1000 34 109 68 482 6,292 Fiji
0 0 60 8 71 Gabon
0 0 0 110 35 9 5 21 61 6,128 The Gambia
0.7 12.6 0 43 43 40 58 78 219 10,049 Georgia
0 0 0 99 35 6 5 21 61 6,128 Ghana
0.8 0 200 9 37 Grenada
0.6 0.6 0 257 40 27 8 47 113 7,270 Guatemala
0.1 0 0 75 35 15 5 77 61 6,128 Guinea

9
All products
Summary Tables
All products
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Guinea-Bissau 2021 97.6 48.6 12.1 0 1.7 0 0 97.6 38.6

Guyana 2021 100 57.0 11.7 0 9.1 0 0 100.0 26.4
Haiti 2020 87.7 18.8 4.9 5.2 45.6 9.4 0 52.4 5.5
Honduras 2021 100 31.9 5.8 1.9 51.0 0 0 89.8 1.1
Hong Kong, China 2021 49.6 0 0 49.6 100.0 0 0 0 0
Iceland 2021 95.0 24.0 3.1 43.6 94.3 3.2 2.9 32.2 4.1
India 2021 74.3 50.8 18.3 2.2 1.9 5.0 4.8 71.5 37.7
Indonesia 2021 96.1 37.3 8.1 1.9 13.1 0 0.2 90.7 9.8
Iran 2020 20.1 0 0.0 40.8
Israel 2021 75.6 22.9 3.6 10.7 75.0 6.8 3.1 21.2 3.5
Jamaica 2021 100 50.0 8.6 0.5 58.6 0.0 0.0 83.7 26.9
Japan 2021 99.7 4.6 4.2 53.0 53.1 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.6
Jordan 2020 100 16.2 10.1 6.2 54.6 0.2 0.1 47.7 33.3
Kazakhstan 2021 100 6.5 5.7 15.0 26.7 7.8 7.5 1.0 0.9
Kenya 2021 16.3 93.8 13.2 0 37.5 0 3.1 16.3 42.1
Kiribati 2021 0 100.0 0 0
Korea, Republic of 2021 93.6 18.3 13.6 15.7 17.1 0.8 0.5 21.1 10.7
Kuwait, the State of 2021 99.9 98.0 4.6 2.0 10.5 0 1.6 97.9 0.2
Kyrgyz Republic 2021 99.9 7.5 6.5 19.6 15.9 0.5 9.2 3.0 1.3
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2021 100 19.2 8.6 1.1 1.7 0 0 57.1 9.4
Lebanese Republic 2020 6.0 39.5 6.3 8.6
Lesotho 2021 100 79.4 7.7 0 60.2 0 2.7 100.0 20.7
Liberia 2021 100 26.7 12.1 0.1 1.7 0 0 86.5 38.6
Libya 2021 5.2 4.0 0 1.3
Macao, China 2021 30.4 0 0 30.4 100.0 0 0 0 0
Madagascar 2021 31.2 27.4 11.7 0.1 5.5 0 0.2 28.7 38.4
Malawi 2021 35.1 73.2 12.2 0 33.1 0 0.0 35.1 36.8
Malaysia 2021 84.3 21.2 5.6 6.0 66.5 2.8 0.7 36.6 13.1
Maldives 2021 94.5 36.9 11.4 0 44.4 0 0.4 94.5 28.3
Mali 2021 39.5 29.4 12.1 0.8 1.7 0 0 18.9 38.6
Mauritania 2021 39.7 20.8 12.0 0.7 2.2 0 0 19.0 38.5
Mauritius 2021 20.4 86.6 0.8 4.9 95.8 0 0 15.5 1.0
Mexico 2021 100 36.5 7.1 0.3 48.1 1.1 1.0 98.7 11.7
Micronesia, Federated States of 2021 5.1 0 0.3 4.7
Moldova, Republic of 2021 100 7.0 5.4 25.3 37.5 1.3 1.6 3.0 2.0
Mongolia 2021 100 17.4 5.2 1.7 1.3 0 0 76.9 0.9
Montenegro 2021 100 5.3 3.7 31.0 32.6 0 0.5 3.4 2.9
Morocco 2021 100 41.3 14.2 0.1 0.0 0 0 99.4 29.1
Mozambique 2021 14.3 97.7 10.3 0 3.8 0 0 14.0 35.0
Myanmar 2021 18.6 82.8 6.5 1.2 4.6 0.1 0 14.9 5.7
Namibia 2021 93.8 19.0 7.7 14.2 60.2 0 2.7 38.3 20.7
Nauru 2021 13.0 4.2 1.4 3.3
Nepal 2021 99.4 26.1 12.7 2.5 3.3 0 1.0 87.0 15.7
New Zealand 2021 100 9.5 1.9 50.0 66.1 3.1 0.4 29.5 0.0
Nicaragua 2021 100 40.9 5.7 1.8 51.3 0 0 98.1 0.8
Niger 2021 96.9 45.2 12.1 0.7 1.7 0 0 76.6 38.6
Nigeria 2021 19.7 120.5 12.1 0 1.7 0 0 19.7 38.6
North Macedonia 2021 100 7.2 6.7 38.8 43.9 1.5 1.4 11.6 11.2
Norway 2021 100 22.2 5.9 49.6 89.4 11.5 6.1 7.0 5.2
Oman 2021 100 14.0 5.6 6.1 10.5 0 0.7 6.0 1.1
Pakistan 2021 98.6 60.8 11.2 0 24.1 0.1 0.7 95.0 43.7
Palau 2021 4.0 16.9 2.3 1.0
Panama 2021 100 22.6 5.1 4.1 56.8 0.2 0.1 66.8 1.2
Papua New Guinea 2021 100 32.7 4.2 0 76.5 1.0 1.0 72.0 6.7
Paraguay 2021 100 33.4 9.6 0 16.2 0 0 94.7 27.1
Peru 2021 100 29.6 2.4 1.8 68.5 0 0 98.2 0

10
All products
I SUMMARY
Summary Tables
TABLES
All products
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0 0 50 35 3 5 7 61 6,128 Guinea-Bissau
0 9.9 0 100 100 4 16 31 109 6,712 Guyana
0.0 13.5 0 70 50 949 15 58 132 5,643 Haiti
0.0 1.1 0 164 164 23 14 31 147 9,060 Honduras
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 7,587 Hong Kong, China
5.5 5.0 0 574 470 434 316 249 442 8,913 Iceland
0.5 2.9 0 300 328 349 208 82 105 11,907 India
0.4 5.7 0 210 150 18 35 35 131 10,812 Indonesia
0.1 100 15 92 8,267 Iran
8.0 11.7 0.0 560 212 769 288 180 268 8,537 Israel
0 9.1 0 100 100 13 12 50 131 7,659 Jamaica
4.1 4.5 0 628 628 607 480 361 371 9,582 Japan
0.6 0.5 0 200 200 31 24 92 152 6,924 Jordan
0.8 0.9 0 290 290 1238 447 111 123 12,184 Kazakhstan
0 0.9 0 100 150 5 65 17 96 5,683 Kenya
0 0 1 0 5,800 Kiribati
2.1 2.7 0 887 887 231 129 335 417 12,476 Korea, Republic of
0 0.2 0 100 100 2 3 19 113 7,577 Kuwait, the State of
0.1 0.7 0 167 167 50 416 75 81 12,160 Kyrgyz Republic
0.7 4.1 0.4 90 40 18 12 59 80 10,812 Lao People's Democratic Republic
8.2 269 284 204 6,146 Lebanese Republic
0 9.6 0 200 103 3 213 61 140 8,059 Lesotho
0 0 0 50 35 12 5 38 61 6,128 Liberia
1.3 30 5 60 5,734 Libya
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6,640 Macao, China
0 0 0 30 20 12 5 21 60 6,408 Madagascar
0 0 0 125 25 11 7 56 82 7,187 Malawi
1.6 13.1 0 > 1000 > 1000 332 108 322 243 11,713 Malaysia
2.4 4.1 0 300 400 2 38 116 188 8,404 Maldives
0 0 0 75 35 12 5 89 61 6,128 Mali
1.8 0 0 75 35 13 7 88 62 6,172 Mauritania
0 4.2 0 122 100 5 6 62 450 6,523 Mauritius
0.9 2.1 0 254 75 114 62 50 125 7,801 Mexico
4.7 373 19 163 5,976 Micronesia, Federated States of
0.9 2.0 0 75 72 88 126 89 112 9,624 Moldova, Republic of
0.0 0.9 0 75 40 13 11 37 49 6,073 Mongolia
3.4 4.8 0.4 50 47 77 65 127 142 10,035 Montenegro
1.4 1.9 0 289 200 48 16 54 135 17,509 Morocco
0 0 0 100 20 3 5 15 72 5,549 Mozambique
0.5 5.7 0 550 40 27 10 108 102 11,166 Myanmar
3.3 9.6 0 597 223 58 220 129 143 8,059 Namibia
1.2 > 1000 71 353 5,571 Nauru
0.5 2.0 0 200 200 14 65 50 134 5,958 Nepal
7.9 4.8 0 179 45 322 10 119 137 7,927 New Zealand
0.1 0.8 0 200 164 8 13 27 128 7,836 Nicaragua
3.3 0 0 200 35 13 5 76 61 6,128 Niger
0 0 0 150 35 7 5 39 61 6,128 Nigeria
4.2 4.1 0 68 68 293 204 117 129 9,891 North Macedonia
6.6 4.9 0 > 1000 > 1000 970 663 321 460 7,176 Norway
1.4 1.1 0 200 200 15 10 139 213 7,577 Oman
0.0 2.4 0 200 200 19 60 37 102 7,366 Pakistan
1.0 > 1000 110 597 6,065 Palau
0.5 1.2 0 260 260 66 31 64 186 9,369 Panama
0.7 16.7 0 183 180 70 63 57 255 5,825 Papua New Guinea
0 0.1 0 35 35 7 24 23 84 10,421 Paraguay
0 9.9 0 68 11 3 3 20 164 7,789 Peru

11
All products
Summary Tables
All products
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Philippines 2021 66.8 25.9 6.1 1.9 12.8 0 0 56.4 3.3

Qatar 2021 100 15.7 5.1 3.0 10.5 0 0 17.8 0.7
Russian Federation 2021 100 7.6 6.6 3.4 15.8 9.1 9.3 1.7 1.7
Rwanda 2021 100 89.3 12.4 1.1 39.5 0 0.8 96.9 40.7
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2020 95.7 76.5 9.2 0 27.7 0 0.3 95.6 21.5
Saint Lucia 2021 99.8 64.6 9.2 0 41.7 0 0.1 99.8 26.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2021 99.7 65.0 10.0 0 8.7 0 0 99.7 23.9
Samoa 2021 100 21.3 11.3 0 3.0 0.5 0.5 54.4 28.2
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2021 100 11.4 6.3 6.8 10.5 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.2
Senegal 2021 100 30.0 12.1 0 1.7 0 0 99.8 38.6
Serbia 2021 7.4 1.4 0.0 13.3
Seychelles 2021 100 9.8 2.4 46.9 90.8 0 0.5 27.6 6.4
Sierra Leone 2021 100 47.3 12.1 0 1.7 0 0 100.0 38.6
Singapore 2021 72.0 9.1 0.0 17.3 100.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0
Solomon Islands 2021 100 78.8 9.9 0 0.5 1.3 0.8 96.4 0.5
South Africa 2021 93.8 19.0 7.8 14.2 60.2 0 2.7 38.3 20.7
Sri Lanka 2021 40.5 32.3 5.9 0.2 63.1 0.6 5.3 27.7 2.2
Sudan 2021 21.6 8.0 1.5 53.7
Suriname 2021 27.7 18.1 10.4 1.2 4.5 0.0 0 22.0 24.6
Switzerland 2021 99.7 7.6 5.6 22.2 31.3 77.5 68.7 6.7 4.5
Syrian Arab Republic 2020 10.8 0 0.1 25.9
Chinese Taipei 2021 100 6.9 6.6 30.3 31.2 1.2 1.2 8.5 8.7
Tajikistan 2021 100 8.0 8.0 12.5 11.3 0.4 0.5 7.1 7.0
Tanzania 2021 14.1 120.0 13.1 0 37.7 0 1.3 14.1 43.0
Thailand 2021 75.2 28.0 11.5 2.2 37.0 18.7 9.4 66.3 26.7
Timor-Leste 2021 2.5 0 0.9 0
Togo 2021 14.6 80.0 12.1 0 1.7 0 0 14.6 38.6
Tonga 2021 100.0 17.6 10.7 0 20.7 0.0 0.0 52.0 6.7
Trinidad and Tobago 2021 100 56.0 8.3 1.5 65.6 0 0.3 95.0 26.5
Tunisia 58.0 57.9 0 0 58.0
Türkiye 2021 50.5 28.9 10.7 2.9 23.0 0.1 0.5 29.2 14.1
Uganda 2021 16.6 72.9 17.6 0 38.2 0 10.8 16.6 37.5
Ukraine 2021 100 5.8 4.4 30.9 41.1 0.1 0.1 4.0 2.8
United Arab Emirates 2021 100 14.5 4.8 3.1 10.5 0 1.5 0.8 0.2
United Kingdom 2021 100 5.3 3.9 29.8 52.5 5.1 3.9 4.9 4.2
United States of America 2021 100.0 3.3 3.4 47.1 47.3 8.7 8.4 2.7 2.7
Uruguay 2021 100 31.5 10.3 0 14.8 0 0 98.0 33.0
Uzbekistan 2021 7.4 44.5 10.7 14.9
Vanuatu 2021 100 40.1 9.2 3.4 26.2 0 0 96.3 10.7
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 2021 100 36.4 13.8 0 4.9 0.0 0 99.0 36.8
Viet Nam 2021 100 11.7 9.6 13.9 35.3 0 0.2 27.4 24.4
Yemen 100 21.7 0.1 1.1 88.1
Zambia 2021 17.5 106.7 14.6 0 23 0 3.7 17.5 35.3
Zimbabwe 2021 24.4 86.3 17.9 3 10.2 0.6 8.6 15.7 29.6

12
All products
I SUMMARY
Summary Tables
TABLES
All products
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 3.3 0 60 65 18 15 49 112 10,971 Philippines

0.8 0.7 0 200 100 16 5 109 159 7,641 Qatar
0.7 1.0 0 121 121 1428 561 104 117 12,309 Russian Federation
0 0.7 0 100 100 15 13 31 97 5,696 Rwanda
0.1 4.0 0 250 97 23 29 25 113 6,702 Saint Kitts and Nevis
0.3 9.0 0 250 100 37 17 46 130 6,552 Saint Lucia
0.3 5.7 0 250 100 38 11 46 101 6,432 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0.1 0.4 0.2 182 182 44 31 38 68 6,054 Samoa
0.2 1.2 0 > 1000 > 1000 109 27 188 374 15,030 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
0 0 0 30 35 2 5 2 61 6,128 Senegal
3.5 30 16 96 10,113 Serbia
0.6 8.8 0.0 200 200 8 69 141 418 5,929 Seychelles
0 0 0 80 35 7 5 13 61 6,128 Sierra Leone
0.4 0.0 0 > 1000 91 58 5 441 5,445 10,812 Singapore
0.1 0.4 0 > 1000 280 80 82 26 187 6,288 Solomon Islands
3.3 9.6 0 597 744 58 245 129 170 8,059 South Africa
0.0 1.8 0 175 175 56 155 63 189 7,800 Sri Lanka
0 40 10 71 7,053 Sudan
0 6.2 0 40 50 21 10 50 93 6,289 Suriname
5.3 4.1 0 > 1000 > 1000 7049 6085 352 471 8,524 Switzerland
0.1 200 12 120 5,492 Syrian Arab Republic
4.5 7.5 0 > 1000 > 1000 267 178 247 249 9,135 Chinese Taipei
0.7 0.6 0 290 290 61 38 91 85 11,408 Tajikistan
0 0.7 0 120 100 1 33 0 94 5,685 Tanzania
0.8 5.3 0 980 226 2192 141 78 146 10,812 Thailand
0.3 10 4 16 5,950 Timor-Leste
0 0 0 80 35 1 5 0 61 6,128 Togo
0 0 0 20 20 4 6 14 68 5,729 Tonga
0 10.2 0 156 100 16 23 37 149 6,480 Trinidad and Tobago
1.1 0 200 42 70 Tunisia
2.9 7.5 0 225 225 317 210 119 210 11,501 Türkiye
0 6.4 0 80 819 5 279 18 188 5,701 Uganda
4.0 4.2 0 50 50 56 112 92 114 10,730 Ukraine
0.8 0.2 0 200 200 11 7 119 186 7,577 United Arab Emirates
4.8 11.1 0 331 143 1078 618 176 184 9,528 United Kingdom
7.4 7.2 0 350 350 1370 1137 294 259 11,611 United States of America
0 0.4 0 55 35 19 19 23 77 12,021 Uruguay
3.7 900 153 204 11,292 Uzbekistan
0.0 5.5 0 210 75 16 10 29 96 5,502 Vanuatu
1.9 0 0 135 40 48 17 40 71 11,168 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
4.1 6.6 0 200 135 66 38 114 123 11,134 Viet Nam
0.3 0 100 120 40 Yemen
0 0 0 125 125 7 58 32 82 6,436 Zambia
0 7.1 0 150 266 60 523 87 126 6,388 Zimbabwe

13
Agricultural products
Summary Tables
MFN
MFN MFN MFN MFN
tariff
Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Afghanistan 33.8 0.4 5.5 74.4
Albania 2021 9.7 7.7 10.2 12.1 0 0 17.5 0
Algeria 2021 23.6 0.4 0 69.9
Angola 2021 52.7 21.6 0 28.3 0 0 94.3 47.8
Antigua and Barbuda 2021 105.0 16.3 0 24.5 0 0 99.9 45.6
Argentina 2021 32.5 10.3 0.2 7.3 0 0 95.2 15.1
Armenia 2021 14.7 8.1 1.3 10.4 0 23.2 0 0.9
Australia 2021 3.2 1.2 33.1 76.8 1.6 0.9 3.1 0.3
Azerbaijan 2021 13.9 12.1 7.7 5.3
Bahrain, Kingdom of 2021 39.4 5.9 0 26.4 0 1.3 99.9 1.3
Bangladesh 2021 186.1 17.6 0 8.9 0 0.7 98.2 60.7
Barbados 2021 111.0 27.5 0 18.8 0 1.7 99.9 45.7
Belarus 2021 10.2 10.0 24.1 7.2
Belize 2021 101.3 22.6 0 17.3 0 3.3 99.9 45.8
Benin 2021 61.4 15.8 0 0 0 0 97.9 53.8
Bhutan 2021 12.4 10.7 0 4.1
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 2021 40.0 13.2 0 1.8 0 0 100.0 22.2
Botswana 2021 36.5 8.8 21.9 46.1 0 13.7 72.4 22.6
Brazil 2021 35.5 10.1 2.7 7.1 0 0 95.7 14.4
Brunei Darussalam 2021 31.6 0.0 0 98.9 2.2 1.1 96.7 0.0
Burkina Faso 2021 97.9 15.8 0 0 0 0 97.9 53.8
Burundi 2021 94.9 20.3 2.9 15.4 0 1.1 96.2 68.4
Cabo Verde 2021 19.4 12.1 0 33.6 0 0 62.1 38.8
Cambodia 2021 28.0 12.6 0 14.5 0 0 71.8 16.1
Cameroon 80.0 0 0 99.9
Canada 2021 16.1 15.9 48.0 68.5 18.4 11.1 9.1 9.0
Central African Republic 30.0 0 0 99.9
Chad 80.0 0 0 99.9
Chile 2021 26.1 6.0 0 0 0 1.1 100.0 0
China 2021 15.7 13.8 5.9 7.2 0 0.3 35.5 27.3
Colombia 2021 92.1 14.2 0 1.1 0 15.4 99.9 3.6
Comoros 2021 12.1 22.0 0 54.6
Congo 30.0 0 0 99.9
Cook Islands 2021 21.5 95.7 4.1 4.3
Costa Rica 2021 43.2 11.6 0 29.9 0 0 90.7 8.4
Côte d'Ivoire 2021 14.9 15.8 0.1 0 0 0 1.1 54.0
Cuba 2021 37.4 4.3 3.6 8.5 0 0 93.4 0
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2020 97.8 11.0 0 3.7 0 0 99.7 23.4
Djibouti 49.6 0 0 99.7
Dominica 2020 112.7 22.2 0 24.7 0 0.1 99.9 47.9
Dominican Republic 2021 39.4 14.6 0 32.6 0 0 98.8 53.0
Ecuador 2021 25.7 17.4 0 26.4 0 1.4 86.0 55.6
Egypt 91.2 0 1.6 68.4
El Salvador 2021 42.2 11.8 0 28.2 0 0 100.0 11.7
Eswatini 2021 39.0 8.9 22.5 46.1 0 13.7 71.9 22.7
Ethiopia 2021 22.5 1.5 0 67.1
European Union 2021 12.6 11.7 30.4 31.7 33.2 31.6 25.1 23.5
Fiji 2021 44.2 22.1 0 19.2 2.2 3.3 99.7 14.3
Gabon 58.6 0 0 99.3
The Gambia 2021 105.2 15.8 0 0 0 0 99.9 53.8
Georgia 2021 12.0 6.0 7.9 49.7 2.4 2.4 12.6 1.0
Ghana 2021 96.6 15.8 0 0 0 0 99.9 53.8
Grenada 101.4 1.7 0 98.3
Guatemala 2021 51.4 9.5 0 28.3 0 0 97.8 4.0
Guinea 2021 39.6 15.8 0 0 0 0 97.9 53.8

14
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0 70 57 57 Afghanistan
0 0 0 20 15 6 6 57 58 2,103 Albania
0 60 5 44 2,432 Algeria
0 0.3 0 60 70 4 9 18 98 791 Angola
0 0 0 220 45 10 10 17 82 1,158 Antigua and Barbuda
0 1.2 0 35 35 13 17 24 62 1,080 Argentina
0 0.7 0 15 80 5 97 14 65 2,709 Armenia
9.0 23.2 0 29 22 37 8 149 175 856 Australia
2.4 132 54 108 2,186 Azerbaijan
2.1 1.3 0 200 200 3 7 64 345 1,217 Bahrain, Kingdom of
0 0 0 200 25 9 10 27 53 1,133 Bangladesh
0 8.0 0 223 216 15 46 23 138 1,281 Barbados
2.3 290 100 125 2,679 Belarus
0 6.1 0 110 110 4 24 6 109 1,157 Belize
0 0 0 100 35 7 4 20 60 918 Benin
4.1 100 4 146 814 Bhutan
2.3 7.1 0 597 113 51 137 136 133 1,185 Botswana
0 0.1 0 55 35 21 13 32 54 1,064 Brazil
1.1 1.1 0 > 1000 50 24 10 275 1,251 1,378 Brunei Darussalam
0 0 0 100 35 6 4 14 60 918 Burkina Faso
0 1.1 0 100 100 5 8 24 70 782 Burundi
0 4.4 0 55 55 11 10 60 112 860 Cabo Verde
0 0 0 60 35 13 4 45 86 1,369 Cambodia
0 0 80 1 0 Cameroon
5.9 6.3 0 559 559 459 189 293 303 1,266 Canada
0 0 80 1 0 Chad
0.7 0 0 98 6 3 2 24 0 1,465 Chile
2.9 3.2 0 65 65 40 39 75 85 1,175 China
0 3.4 0 227 98 47 12 38 113 1,074 Colombia
0 20 3 71 959 Comoros
0 0 30 1 0 Congo
3.9 > 1000 39 359 1,351 Cook Islands
1.0 8.2 0 233 150 14 13 63 143 1,771 Costa Rica
0.9 0 0 64 35 8 4 37 59 918 Côte d'Ivoire
0 0 0 40 5 7 6 26 36 842 Cuba
0 0 0 100 20 4 4 13 58 929 Democratic Republic of the Congo
4.4 0 450 10 96 Djibouti
0 5.7 0 150 150 3 20 20 125 1,130 Dominica
0.9 2.2 0 86 86 16 29 45 86 1,098 Ecuador
2.1 0 > 1000 33 454 Egypt
1.6 6.9 0 164 164 13 9 51 124 1,078 El Salvador
2.3 7.1 0 597 104 52 139 131 133 1,185 Eswatini
0 35 6 54 837 Ethiopia
7.6 7.1 0 360 160 1009 860 137 130 2,101 European Union
0.9 2.6 0 > 1000 > 1000 34 47 116 417 841 Fiji
0 0 60 4 12 Gabon
0 0 0 110 35 6 4 18 60 918 The Gambia
0.3 1.0 0 43 43 35 58 44 87 2,201 Georgia
0 0 0 99 35 3 4 12 60 918 Ghana
0 0 200 8 30 Grenada
4.1 1.3 0 257 40 22 8 81 77 1,044 Guatemala
0 0 0 75 35 6 4 15 60 918 Guinea

15
Summary Tables
MFN
MFN MFN MFN MFN
tariff
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Guinea-Bissau 2021 40.1 15.8 0 0 0 0 100.0 53.8

Guyana 2021 99.7 22.2 0 8.3 0 0 100.0 49.3
Haiti 2020 21.5 9.7 16.3 29.9 9.2 0 65.5 19.5
Honduras 2021 32.3 10.3 0 27.3 0 0 93.8 5.0
Hong Kong, China 2021 0 0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0
Iceland 2021 113.6 22.6 25.6 64.9 24.5 21.1 64.0 29.3
India 2021 113.1 39.2 0 2.9 0.3 0.3 98.3 94.7
Indonesia 2021 47.3 8.7 0 8.5 0 1.4 99.5 9.6
Iran 2020 28.4 0 0 56.6
Israel 2021 78.1 11.9 4.2 50.7 0.3 16.8 80.6 20.1
Jamaica 2021 97.3 19.3 1.5 31.0 0.3 0 97.6 49.2
Japan 2021 18.4 14.9 34.1 35.8 15.1 13.2 23.5 21.6
Jordan 2020 23.7 18.3 1.4 35.1 1.2 0.9 57.7 48.0
Kazakhstan 2021 10.1 9.5 6.0 13.1 18.2 17.3 6.7 6.3
Kenya 2021 100.0 20.4 0 15.3 0 3.1 99.9 67.3
Kiribati 2021 0 100.0 0 0
Korea, Republic of 2021 64.9 56.8 2.0 5.5 5.3 3.1 76.5 53.1
Kuwait, the State of 2021 100.0 5.1 0 23.4 0 8.7 100.0 1.3
Kyrgyz Republic 2021 12.7 8.8 1.2 10.0 2.3 24.1 22.8 3.3
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2021 19.6 11.2 7.1 10.0 0 0 40.3 20.9
Lesotho 2021 199.1 8.7 0 46.1 0 13.7 100.0 22.6
Liberia 2021 23.8 15.8 0 0 0 0 72.5 53.8
Libya 2021 5.8 6.8 0 4.2
Macao, China 2021 0 0 99.9 100.0 0 0 0 0
Madagascar 2021 30.0 14.5 0 5.9 0 0 99.9 58.7
Malawi 2021 121.1 17.4 0 11.8 0 0 99.9 57.1
Malaysia 2021 55.1 7.9 13.0 74.7 20.9 4.9 25.7 8.3
Maldives 2021 44.7 11.2 0 75.3 0 2.6 99.9 22.1
Mali 2021 59.1 15.8 0 0 0 0 98.0 53.8
Mauritania 2021 38.7 15.0 0 3.5 0 0 98.1 51.6
Mauritius 2021 119.4 1.6 0 92.5 0 0 99.9 1.7
Mexico 2021 46.4 13.5 0.4 22.0 7.9 4.8 95.6 38.7
Micronesia, Federated States of 2021 6.5 0 1.5 7.6
Moldova, Republic of 2021 14.0 11.8 3.2 9.3 8.9 10.2 20.0 13.9
Mongolia 2021 18.8 6.3 0.9 3.7 0 0 73.3 4.1
Montenegro 2021 10.9 8.7 22.9 30.3 0 3.3 23.7 20.5
Morocco 2021 54.2 29.5 0 0 0 0 99.9 51.6
Mozambique 2021 100.0 14.0 0 6.3 0 0 99.9 62.7
Myanmar 2021 103.6 9.5 0.8 8.8 0.7 0 83.5 7.4
Namibia 2021 39.0 8.8 22.5 46.1 0 13.7 71.9 22.6
Nauru 2021 29.7 19.3 4.1 9.1
Nepal 2021 41.1 16.7 0 0.9 0 5.3 95.5 15.4
New Zealand 2021 5.8 1.4 55.9 72.4 0.2 0.1 12.8 0
Nicaragua 2021 43.6 10.6 0 27.2 0 0 100.0 5.6
Niger 2021 84.6 15.8 0 0 0 0 98.1 53.8
Nigeria 2021 150.0 15.8 0 0 0 0 99.9 53.8
North Macedonia 2021 13.1 13.0 33.6 37.1 9.0 9.2 31.1 31.0
Norway 2021 138.4 39.9 29.1 51.7 66.2 43.4 49.1 37.0
Oman 2021 28.0 11.5 0 23.4 0 2.8 11.4 7.2
Pakistan 2021 96.2 13.4 0 2.4 0.4 4.4 93.1 47.0
Palau 2021 10.5 71.8 3.0 4.2
Panama 2021 27.4 12.1 0.5 29.3 0.1 0 79.5 8.4
Papua New Guinea 2021 44.1 13.0 0 46.7 6.7 6.2 80.7 23.0
Paraguay 2021 33.1 10.0 0 7.4 0 0 93.0 13.8
Peru 2021 30.8 2.8 0 55.2 0 0 100.0 0

16
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0 0 50 35 2 4 3 60 918 Guinea-Bissau
0 3.2 0 100 100 2 12 5 93 1,127 Guyana
0.3 6.6 0 70 50 113 13 71 109 806 Haiti
0.2 3.5 0 164 164 15 14 38 130 1,476 Honduras
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1,044 Hong Kong, China
10.0 10.8 0 574 470 422 316 134 195 2,041 Iceland
0 2.4 0 300 150 19 19 46 73 1,524 India
3.4 4.5 0 210 150 13 27 51 213 1,369 Indonesia
0 55 9 78 1,110 Iran
2.6 9.8 0 560 212 123 205 88 191 1,173 Israel
0 1.5 0 100 100 7 11 16 91 1,427 Jamaica
6.5 4.6 0 628 628 352 320 234 233 1,866 Japan
3.4 3.3 0 200 200 27 21 131 166 959 Jordan
3.1 3.7 0 290 290 721 142 116 118 2,585 Kazakhstan
0 0.7 0 100 100 1 17 0 71 782 Kenya
0 0 1 0 852 Kiribati
0 1.3 0 100 100 1 3 0 232 1,263 Kuwait, the State of
0.5 1.1 0 167 167 37 133 77 79 2,561 Kyrgyz Republic
4.4 4.1 2.6 90 40 15 9 90 91 1,369 Lao People's Democratic Republic
11.1 269 36 165 852 Lebanese Republic
0 6.9 0 200 103 2 131 8 132 1,185 Lesotho
0 0 0 50 35 8 4 39 60 918 Liberia
4.2 30 5 91 812 Libya
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 900 Macao, China
0 0 0 30 20 1 4 0 50 937 Madagascar
0 0 0 125 25 6 5 15 52 970 Malawi
8.0 5.9 0 > 1000 > 1000 320 100 294 455 1,442 Malaysia
5.4 8.9 0 300 300 2 33 138 258 1,183 Maldives
0 0 0 75 35 6 4 13 60 918 Mali
0 0 0 75 35 7 6 45 65 948 Mauritania
0 7.5 0 122 100 3 5 12 320 967 Mauritius
5.2 4.4 0 254 75 110 57 94 89 905 Mexico
7.6 373 16 283 879 Micronesia, Federated States of
0.3 4.1 0 75 40 11 10 27 83 927 Mongolia
4.4 7.1 2.1 50 47 51 45 88 86 2,315 Montenegro
8.2 5.8 0 289 200 41 15 95 122 2,142 Morocco
0 0 0 100 20 1 4 0 58 807 Mozambique
3.4 4.0 0 550 40 25 10 92 86 1,514 Myanmar
2.3 6.9 0 597 106 52 135 131 132 1,185 Namibia
3.5 > 1000 64 340 803 Nauru
0.9 3.0 0 200 200 12 46 53 166 904 Nepal
10.2 27.6 0 61 5 65 6 112 136 1,082 New Zealand
0.7 4.4 0 200 164 6 12 37 115 1,248 Nicaragua
0 0 0 200 35 7 4 76 60 918 Niger
0 0 0 150 35 1 4 0 60 918 Nigeria
9.8 9.9 0 68 68 272 181 88 95 2,210 North Macedonia
7.5 10.2 0 > 1000 > 1000 813 652 121 191 1,412 Norway
7.3 7.2 0 200 200 11 10 155 261 1,263 Oman
0 2.4 0 200 200 14 44 21 110 883 Pakistan
3.7 > 1000 28 554 878 Palau
1.5 3.8 0 260 260 34 24 79 179 1,484 Panama
0.3 11.1 0 183 180 62 59 52 165 901 Papua New Guinea
0 0.7 0 35 30 6 14 21 54 1,067 Paraguay
0 2.3 0 68 11 2 3 21 114 1,059 Peru

17
Summary Tables
MFN
MFN MFN MFN MFN
tariff
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Philippines 2021 35.4 9.9 0 3.7 0 0 91.3 13.2

Qatar 2021 25.5 8.0 0 23.4 0 0 24.0 4.3
Russian Federation 2021 10.8 9.7 3.0 10.3 22.9 24.0 7.6 7.3
Rwanda 2021 74.4 20.0 2.9 15.5 0 0.9 95.4 68.3
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2020 108.8 13.2 0 38.6 0 1.9 99.4 33.8
Saint Lucia 2021 114.6 17.2 0 28.5 0 0.4 100.0 43.7
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2021 114.7 17.4 0 11.2 0 0 99.9 42.7
Samoa 2021 26.8 15.0 0 5.0 3.4 3.5 77.6 50.4
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2021 17.8 10.7 0.1 22.5 8.9 9.8 6.3 6.0
Senegal 2021 29.8 15.8 0 0 0 0 98.8 53.8
Serbia 2021 13.9 2.9 0.1 43.0
Seychelles 2021 17.2 6.7 29.3 79.9 0 3.8 51.3 11.4
Sierra Leone 2021 40.3 15.8 0 0 0 0 100.0 53.8
Singapore 2021 20.9 0.1 4.0 99.9 3.5 0.1 3.3 0.1
Solomon Islands 2021 73.4 15.2 0 0.5 3.3 3.8 87.7 3.6
South Africa 2021 39.0 8.8 22.5 46.1 0 13.7 71.8 22.6
Sri Lanka 2021 50.2 17.0 0 18.8 3.0 23.4 99.6 13.8
Sudan 2021 30.7 4.8 0.4 83.9
Suriname 2021 19.9 18.5 0.2 10.0 0 0 99.3 48.1
Switzerland 2021 42.6 32.4 21.7 29.7 78.3 70.3 40.8 28.6
Syrian Arab Republic 2020 12.9 0 0 37.6
Chinese Taipei 2021 18.6 17.6 24.0 25.2 6.5 6.3 37.7 36.3
Tajikistan 2021 11.1 10.9 0.8 0.7 3.0 2.8 7.3 7.3
Tanzania 2021 120.0 21.7 0 14.1 0 1.1 99.9 69.8
Thailand 2021 39.0 31.2 2.0 12.3 44.0 27.9 91.4 69.0
Timor-Leste 2021 2.5 0 0.4 0
Togo 2021 80.0 15.8 0 0 0 0 99.9 53.8
Tonga 2021 19.2 7.9 0 47.2 0 0.1 83.6 3.7
Trinidad and Tobago 2021 88.7 19.1 5.9 41.9 0 2.1 88.2 47.2
Tunisia 116.0 0 0 100.0
Türkiye 2021 61.8 41.1 0.0 18.1 0 0.5 87.7 64.0
Uganda 2021 77.2 25.5 0 14.9 0 1.2 99.9 68.8
Ukraine 2021 11.0 9.1 12.2 21.4 1.0 1.1 24.7 18.1
United Arab Emirates 2021 25.6 6.1 0 23.4 0 8.7 5.7 1.3
United Kingdom 2021 12.5 10.0 30.4 39.5 33.2 26.4 25.6 21.6
United States of America 2021 4.5 5.2 30.7 30.6 42.0 41.7 4.9 5.5
Uruguay 2021 34.1 10.0 0 8.6 0 0 96.2 14.4
Uzbekistan 2021 11.2 29.4 21.0 32.5
Vanuatu 2021 43.6 16.7 0.1 10.8 0 0 99.4 46.3
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 2021 55.3 13.0 0 6.2 0.4 0 98.9 25.4
Viet Nam 2021 18.8 17.1 8.6 15 0 0 46.2 41.9
Yemen 25 0 7.5 80.4
Zambia 2021 122.9 19.6 0 2.4 0 7.3 99.9 59.5
Zimbabwe 2021 140.9 27 1.1 4.9 2.6 10.3 95.6 50.8

18
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 10.0 0 60 65 16 14 29 110 1,399 Philippines

5.3 4.3 0 200 100 10 4 162 245 1,260 Qatar
0 0.9 0 100 80 8 9 27 65 782 Rwanda
0 17.0 0 250 97 17 27 27 107 1,130 Saint Kitts and Nevis
0 0.7 0 250 100 15 17 23 104 1,170 Saint Lucia
0 0.8 0 250 100 16 11 23 94 1,115 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0.8 1.1 1.5 182 182 39 30 46 88 957 Samoa
1.3 1.4 0 > 1000 > 1000 104 24 297 524 1,998 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
0 0 0 30 35 2 4 6 60 918 Senegal
0 30 10 59 2,181 Serbia
1.2 11.1 0.3 200 200 7 68 123 232 1,082 Seychelles
0 0 0 80 35 4 4 12 60 918 Sierra Leone
2.7 0.1 0 > 1000 91 56 5 352 1,936 1,369 Singapore
0.3 2.7 0 280 280 36 63 40 239 1,011 Solomon Islands
2.3 6.9 0 597 110 52 154 131 134 1,185 South Africa
0.0 3.5 0 175 175 35 115 12 154 1,102 Sri Lanka
0 40 5 44 978 Sudan
0 0 0 20 50 6 8 8 80 1,027 Suriname
9.1 9.3 0 > 1000 > 1000 1988 1606 179 251 2,146 Switzerland
0 30 5 76 785 Syrian Arab Republic
4.0 3.4 0 > 1000 > 1000 172 140 225 228 1,505 Chinese Taipei
0.8 0.8 0 290 290 54 30 103 89 2,501 Tajikistan
0 0.9 0 120 100 1 9 0 66 782 Tanzania
3.2 3.6 0 980 226 719 103 111 97 1,369 Thailand
0.3 10 3 12 1,271 Timor-Leste
0 0 0 80 35 1 4 0 60 918 Togo
0 0 0 20 20 2 5 10 100 860 Tonga
0 0 200 27 33 Tunisia
4.7 9.6 0 225 225 135 141 79 108 2,272 Türkiye
0 0.8 0 80 80 5 10 11 76 782 Uganda
0.8 1.0 0 50 50 29 85 69 75 2,229 Ukraine
5.7 1.3 0 200 200 2 7 168 334 1,263 United Arab Emirates
7.6 8.7 0 331 143 1005 595 131 129 2,127 United Kingdom
0 0.4 0 55 35 14 16 23 58 1,527 Uruguay
2.3 113 50 99 2,441 Uzbekistan
0.1 1.3 0 210 75 12 10 27 76 768 Vanuatu
0 5.9 0 135 40 43 15 60 72 1,191 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
2.4 2.1 0 135 135 31 29 87 94 1,402 Viet Nam
2.3 0 100 103 54 Yemen
0 0.1 0 125 125 4 13 10 51 883 Zambia
0 4.2 0 150 160 28 106 26 103 927 Zimbabwe

19
Non-agricultural products
Summary Tables
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Afghanistan 96.1 10.1 10.1 0 20.8
Albania 2021 100 6.1 3.0 36.3 60.0 0 0 14.8 0
Algeria 2021 18.2 1.5 0 38.2
Angola 2021 100 60.1 9.1 0 46.3 0 0 100.0 22.0
Antigua and Barbuda 2021 94.4 51.7 8.9 0 7.8 0 0.1 94.4 21.3
Argentina 2021 100 31.6 13.9 0 6.3 0 0 98.2 38.3
Armenia 2021 100 7.7 6.1 40.9 16.9 0 6.8 0 0.6
Australia 2021 96.8 10.5 2.6 22.0 48.0 0.9 0 14.5 0
Azerbaijan 2021 7.6 37.1 0.9 0.3
Bahrain, Kingdom of 2021 65.5 33.8 4.6 2.3 8.4 0 0 63.2 0.3
Bangladesh 2021 4.2 37.8 13.4 0.0 3.7 0 0.4 3.7 38.5
Barbados 2021 94.4 73.4 9.2 0 16.5 0 0.1 94.4 20.6
Belarus 2021 6.1 16.9 6.8 0.8
Belize 2021 95.4 52.0 10.2 0 10.1 0 0.0 95.4 23.5
Benin 2021 28.9 11.2 11.5 0.9 2.0 0 0 5.1 36.2
Bhutan 2021 9.3 8.7 0.2 0.6
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 2021 100 40.0 11.6 0 8.0 0 0.0 100.0 20.7
Botswana 2021 92.9 15.6 7.6 12.8 62.5 0 0.9 32.9 20.3
Brazil 2021 100 30.7 13.8 0.7 4.8 0 0 96.5 38.2
Brunei Darussalam 2021 95.1 24.4 0.3 0 95.3 0 0.1 95.1 0.0
Burkina Faso 2021 29.0 13.7 11.5 0.9 2.0 0 0 5.2 36.2
Burundi 2021 10.0 26.1 11.6 0.5 41.4 0 0.8 7.0 37.5
Cabo Verde 2021 100.0 15.3 9.9 5.3 48.1 0 0 41.9 30.4
Cambodia 2021 100 17.9 9.8 0.9 17.1 0 0.0 41.2 5.4
Cameroon 0.2 68.8 0 0 0.2
Canada 2021 99.7 5.1 2.1 39.0 79.3 0.3 0 6.7 6.2
Central African Republic 55.2 37.4 0 0 55.2
Chad 0.5 76.0 0 0 0.5
Chile 2021 100 25.0 6.0 0.0 0.3 0 0 100.0 0
China 2021 100 9.1 6.5 6.6 8.6 0 0.3 13.3 1.4
Colombia 2021 100 33.5 4.6 5.3 60.0 0 0.0 94.7 0.4
Comoros 2021 15.6 12.3 0.0 75.0
Congo 3.4 15.0 0 0 1.0
Cook Islands 2021 0.6 99.4 0.4 0.6
Costa Rica 2021 100 43.1 4.6 2.3 55.0 0 0 96.8 0.0
Côte d'Ivoire 2021 22.6 8.6 11.5 0.9 2.0 0 0 2.8 36.2
Cuba 2021 21.6 8.9 4.4 2.0 6.3 0 0 1.7 0
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2020 100 95.7 10.9 0 0.4 0 0.1 98.8 29.0
Djibouti 100 39.9 0.0 0 99.6
Dominica 2020 90.9 50.0 8.9 0 24.1 0 0.1 90.9 21.7
Dominican Republic 2021 100 33.4 6.4 2.3 59.3 0 0 88.3 25.4
Ecuador 2021 100 21.2 10.2 0 48.7 0 6.5 69.2 31.4
Egypt 99.2 27.4 2.2 0 70.0
El Salvador 2021 100 36.2 5.1 2.6 54.1 0 0 97.4 0.7
Eswatini 2021 92.9 15.6 7.6 12.8 62.5 0 0.9 32.9 20.3
Ethiopia 2021 16.1 7.9 0 47.7
European Union 2021 100 4.1 4.1 30.0 28.6 0.5 0.5 1.6 1.5
Fiji 2021 42.0 40.0 5.6 0 27.3 0.0 1.4 42.0 3.9
Gabon 100 17.9 0 0 45.3
The Gambia 2021 0.8 60.0 11.5 0 2.0 0 0 0.8 36.2
Georgia 2021 100 6.3 0.7 27.6 93.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0
Ghana 2021 1.4 39.5 11.5 0 2.0 0 0 1.4 36.2
Grenada 100 50.0 0 0 100.0
Guatemala 2021 100 39.7 4.9 2.3 55.2 0 0 93.5 0.0
Guinea 2021 28.5 10.1 11.5 0.9 2.0 0 0 4.8 36.2

20
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.3 0 50 12 89 Afghanistan
10.0 20.0 0.1 20 15 8 6 111 171 7,442 Albania
0.0 60 5 55 13,963 Algeria
0 15.0 0 80 50 4 9 3 150 4,867 Angola
0.2 3.4 0 206 70 26 13 26 89 5,547 Antigua and Barbuda
0 0 0 35 35 10 17 23 79 9,713 Argentina
0 0.1 0 15 20 8 360 90 72 9,599 Armenia
6.4 0 0 55 5 88 5 111 92 5,628 Australia
0.3 223 35 114 8,166 Azerbaijan
0 0.3 0 100 20 3 4 26 38 6,303 Bahrain, Kingdom of
0.1 0 0 200 25 15 27 80 69 6,058 Bangladesh
0.6 5.2 0 247 145 18 16 26 134 5,778 Barbados
0.2 75 318 73 9,599 Belarus
0 7.1 0 110 65 5 22 16 105 5,595 Belize
1.3 0.4 0 60 35 12 5 93 60 5,210 Benin
0.2 100 14 47 4,852 Bhutan
0.6 9.4 0 50 160 14 98 69 143 6,874 Botswana
0 0 0 35 35 19 14 27 75 9,237 Brazil
0 4.7 0 50 135 6 16 30 814 9,827 Brunei Darussalam
1.4 0.4 0 100 35 11 5 147 60 5,210 Burkina Faso
1.3 0.4 0 100 50 10 18 114 97 4,903 Burundi
1.8 15.4 0 55 50 12 11 84 132 5,278 Cabo Verde
0 5.4 0 43 35 20 5 56 80 9,443 Cambodia
0 0 80 2 23 Cameroon
6.7 15.7 0 20 25 126 36 100 200 5,560 Canada
0 0 80 2 3 Chad
0 0 0 25 6 5 2 2 7 7,095 Chile
1.4 0.9 0 50 50 55 77 69 67 7,465 China
0.1 20.6 0 104 35 7 7 27 146 6,707 Colombia
0 20 3 53 6,287 Comoros
0 0 30 3 67 Congo
0.6 > 1000 17 1,006 5,426 Cook Islands
0 19.6 0 100 45 16 5 30 123 9,021 Costa Rica
0 0.4 0 25 35 12 5 68 60 5,210 Côte d'Ivoire
0.8 0 0 62 10 27 8 83 33 5,211 Cuba
0 0 0 100 20 8 4 23 60 5,569 Democratic Republic of the Congo
0.0 0 230 9 21 Djibouti
0 5.7 0 100 165 3 15 3 138 5,639 Dominica
0 0.2 0 40 40 11 160 36 122 7,051 Ecuador
0.1 0 160 19 71 Egypt
0 0.7 0 80 40 9 9 31 122 6,289 El Salvador
0.6 9.4 0 50 160 15 101 69 142 6,874 Eswatini
0 35 6 72 5,548 Ethiopia
2.9 2.8 0 26 26 119 112 107 102 7,392 European Union
0 3.9 0 40 335 1 66 0 164 5,451 Fiji
0.9 0 60 6 55 Gabon
0 0.4 0 110 35 6 5 42 60 5,210 The Gambia
0.3 6.6 0 20 12 15 3 80 390 7,848 Georgia
0 0.4 0 99 35 6 5 46 60 5,210 Ghana
0 0 100 3 3 Grenada
0 19.4 0 75 20 13 5 31 119 6,226 Guatemala
0.3 0.4 0 40 35 14 5 71 60 5,210 Guinea

21
Summary Tables
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Guinea-Bissau 2021 97.2 50.0 11.5 0 2.0 0 0 97.2 36.2

Guyana 2021 100 50.1 10.0 0 9.3 0 0 100.0 22.8
Haiti 2020 85.7 18.3 4.2 3.4 48.1 9.5 0 50.3 3.2
Honduras 2021 100 31.9 5.0 2.2 54.9 0 0 89.1 0.5
Hong Kong, China 2021 41.3 0 0 41.3 100.0 0 0 0 0
Iceland 2021 94.3 9.5 0.1 46.4 99.1 0.0 0 27.3 0
India 2021 70.1 36.0 14.9 2.6 1.8 5.7 5.5 67.0 28.6
Indonesia 2021 95.5 35.8 8.0 2.2 13.8 0 0.0 89.4 9.8
Iran 2020 18.7 . 0.0 38.2
Israel 2021 71.9 10.6 2.2 11.7 78.9 7.8 0.9 11.6 0.9
Jamaica 2021 100 42.3 6.9 0.3 63.0 0 0.0 81.5 23.3
Japan 2021 99.6 2.5 2.5 55.9 55.9 1.7 1.9 0.8 0.7
Jordan 2020 100 15.0 8.8 7.0 57.7 0.1 0 46.1 30.9
Kazakhstan 2021 100 6.0 5.0 16.3 28.8 6.2 5.9 0.1 0.1
Kenya 2021 2.8 57.9 12.1 0 41.1 0 3.1 2.8 38.0
Kiribati 2021 0 100.0 0 0
Kuwait, the State of 2021 99.9 97.7 4.6 2.3 8.4 0 0.4 97.6 0
Kyrgyz Republic 2021 99.9 6.7 6.2 22.4 16.9 0.2 6.8 0.0 1.0
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2021 100 19.1 8.1 0.1 0.3 0 0 59.8 7.6
Lesotho 2021 100 60.1 7.5 0 62.5 0 0.9 100.0 20.3
Liberia 2021 100 27.2 11.5 0.1 2.0 0 0 88.7 36.2
Libya 2021 5.1 3.6 0 0.8
Macao, China 2021 19.2 0 0 19.2 100.0 0 0 0 0
Madagascar 2021 20.1 25.3 11.2 0.1 5.5 0 0.2 17.2 35.2
Malawi 2021 24.6 41.8 11.3 0 36.5 0 0.0 24.6 33.6
Malaysia 2021 81.9 14.9 5.2 4.9 65.2 0.1 0.0 38.2 13.9
Maldives 2021 93.6 35.5 11.4 0 39.4 0 0 93.6 29.3
Mali 2021 29.8 13.3 11.5 0.9 2.0 0 0 6.1 36.2
Mauritania 2021 30.0 11.1 11.5 0.8 2.0 0 0 6.2 36.4
Mauritius 2021 7.6 17.0 0.7 5.7 96.4 0 0 1.9 0.9
Mexico 2021 100 34.8 6.0 0.2 52.3 0.0 0.4 99.2 7.3
Micronesia, Federated States of 2021 4.9 . 0.1 4.3
Moldova, Republic of 2021 100 5.9 4.3 29.0 42.1 0 0.2 0.1 0.1
Mongolia 2021 100 17.2 5.0 1.8 0.9 0 0 77.4 0.4
Montenegro 2021 100 4.4 2.9 32.3 32.9 0 0 0.2 0.0
Morocco 2021 100 39.2 11.8 0.1 0.0 0 0 99.3 25.5
Mozambique 2021 0.5 26.0 9.7 0 3.4 0 0 0.1 30.6
Myanmar 2021 5.5 21.2 6.0 1.2 4.0 0 0 3.9 5.4
Namibia 2021 92.9 15.6 7.6 12.8 62.5 0 0.9 32.9 20.3
Nauru 2021 10.2 1.8 0.9 2.3
Nepal 2021 99.4 23.7 12.0 2.9 3.7 0 0.4 85.7 15.8
New Zealand 2021 100 10.1 2.0 49.0 65.1 3.6 0.4 32.2 0.0
Nicaragua 2021 100 40.5 4.9 2.1 55.2 0 0 97.8 0
Niger 2021 96.4 38.6 11.5 0.8 2.0 0 0 73.1 36.2
Nigeria 2021 6.7 49.6 11.5 0 2.0 0 0 6.7 36.2
North Macedonia 2021 100 6.2 5.7 39.7 45.0 0.2 0.2 8.4 8.0
Norway 2021 100 2.9 0.4 53.1 95.5 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.0
Oman 2021 100 11.7 4.6 7.1 8.4 0 0.3 5.1 0.1
Pakistan 2021 98.9 55.2 10.9 0 27.6 0 0.1 95.3 43.2
Palau 2021 3.0 8.0 2.2 0.5
Panama 2021 100 21.8 4.0 4.6 61.2 0.2 0.1 64.7 0.1
Papua New Guinea 2021 100 30.8 2.8 0 81.3 0.1 0.2 70.6 4.1
Paraguay 2021 100 33.5 9.5 0 17.6 0 0 95.0 29.3
Peru 2021 100 29.4 2.3 2.1 70.6 0 0 97.9 0

22
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 0.4 0 50 35 3 5 1 60 5,210 Guinea-Bissau

0 5.9 0 100 70 4 14 3 101 5,585 Guyana
0 9.7 0 50 40 847 12 55 126 4,837 Haiti
0 0.5 0 55 35 19 7 29 129 7,584 Honduras
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6,543 Hong Kong, China
8.6 0.9 0 175 10 40 2 134 753 6,872 Iceland
1.0 1.3 0 150 328 337 199 50 92 10,383 India
0 5.9 0 60 150 10 16 24 109 9,443 Indonesia
0.1 100 15 93 7,157 Iran
4.5 17.9 0.0 235 152 675 95 140 207 7,364 Israel
0 5.0 0 100 50 11 10 39 135 6,232 Jamaica
8.9 8.5 0 473 297 312 217 301 245 7,716 Japan
0.0 15.9 0 59 30 13 10 66 128 5,965 Jordan
0.1 0.1 0 42 21 535 323 74 90 9,599 Kazakhstan
0 0.4 0 100 150 5 55 27 100 4,901 Kenya
0 0 1 0 4,948 Kiribati
0 0 0 100 5 2 2 21 32 6,314 Kuwait, the State of
0 0.3 0 20 69 22 303 63 72 9,599 Kyrgyz Republic
0.1 2.4 0 60 40 14 11 51 75 9,443 Lao People's Democratic Republic
8.0 75 257 138 5,294 Lebanese Republic
0.1 9.4 0 200 60 3 98 6 141 6,874 Lesotho
0 0.4 0 50 35 10 5 37 60 5,210 Liberia
0.8 30 4 51 4,922 Libya
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 5,740 Macao, China
0 0 0 30 20 12 5 27 61 5,471 Madagascar
0 0 0 125 25 11 7 18 87 6,217 Malawi
0.0 13.9 0 64 60 20 21 70 139 10,271 Malaysia
1.9 3.3 0 300 400 2 13 108 174 7,221 Maldives
2.3 0.4 0 60 35 11 5 112 60 5,210 Mali
0.0 0.4 0 50 35 12 6 75 60 5,224 Mauritania
1.9 3.6 0 122 30 3 5 186 467 5,556 Mauritius
0.0 7.3 0 156 50 15 16 15 127 6,896 Mexico
4.3 25 6 87 5,097 Micronesia, Federated States of
0 0.4 0 30 20 9 7 38 25 5,146 Mongolia
3.2 12.4 0.1 20 20 55 30 99 120 7,720 Montenegro
0 20.5 0 45 50 11 7 10 117 15,367 Morocco
0.1 0 0 100 20 3 5 149 73 4,742 Mozambique
0.0 5.4 0 165 40 12 10 86 104 9,652 Myanmar
0.6 9.4 0 50 223 15 101 69 145 6,874 Namibia
0.3 72 11 37 4,768 Nauru
0 0.8 0 60 80 11 27 38 85 5,054 Nepal
6.0 5.6 0 179 45 284 6 118 136 6,845 New Zealand
0 19.1 0 100 15 7 5 24 114 6,588 Nicaragua
0 0.4 0 50 35 11 5 50 60 5,210 Niger
0.1 0.4 0 150 35 7 5 32 60 5,210 Nigeria
2.5 8.0 0 27 27 35 37 104 114 7,681 North Macedonia
11.5 4.5 0 344 220 163 13 256 908 5,764 Norway
0 0.1 0 20 100 9 3 52 55 6,314 Oman
0 2.4 0 100 100 14 22 32 101 6,483 Pakistan
0.5 355 85 229 5,187 Palau
0.0 13.2 0 81 81 44 14 56 116 7,885 Panama
0.4 18.2 0 100 50 15 11 55 222 4,924 Papua New Guinea
0 0.0 0 35 35 7 24 23 88 9,354 Paraguay
0 11.2 0 30 11 2 3 19 174 6,730 Peru

23
Summary Tables
Binding
tariff
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Philippines 2021 61.8 23.5 5.5 2.2 14.3 0 0 51.1 1.7

Qatar 2021 100 14.0 4.6 3.5 8.4 0 0 16.8 0.1
Russian Federation 2021 100 7.1 6.1 3.4 16.7 7.0 6.9 0.8 0.8
Rwanda 2021 100 91.8 11.2 0.8 43.3 0 0.8 97.1 36.3
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2020 95.0 70.9 8.6 0 25.9 0 0 95.0 19.5
Saint Lucia 2021 99.8 56.2 7.9 0 43.9 0 0 99.8 23.1
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2021 99.7 56.7 8.9 0 8.3 0 0 99.7 21.1
Samoa 2021 100 20.5 10.7 0 2.6 0 0 50.7 24.7
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2021 100 10.4 5.6 8.0 8.5 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4
Senegal 2021 100 30.0 11.5 0 2.0 0 0 100.0 36.2
Serbia 2021 6.3 1.1 0 8.5
Seychelles 2021 100 8.6 1.7 49.8 92.5 0 0 23.8 5.5
Sierra Leone 2021 100 48.5 11.5 0 2.0 0 0 100.0 36.2
Singapore 2021 67.3 6.2 0 19.5 100.0 0 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 2021 100 79.7 9.1 0 0.5 0.9 0.3 97.8 0.0
South Africa 2021 92.9 15.6 7.6 12.8 62.5 0 0.9 32.9 20.3
Sri Lanka 2021 31.0 23.0 4.2 0.2 70.3 0.2 2.4 16.1 0.3
Sudan 2021 20.2 8.5 1.6 48.8
Suriname 2021 15.7 16.3 9.2 1.4 3.7 0.1 0 9.1 21.0
Switzerland 2021 99.7 1.9 1.3 22.3 31.6 77.4 68.4 1.2 0.6
Syrian Arab Republic 2020 10.4 . 0.1 24.0
Chinese Taipei 2021 100 5.0 4.8 31.4 32.2 0.4 0.3 3.7 4.3
Tajikistan 2021 100 7.5 7.5 14.4 13.0 0 0.2 7.1 7.0
Tanzania 2021 0.3 120.0 11.8 0 41.5 0 1.3 0.2 38.7
Thailand 2021 71.5 25.7 8.4 2.3 40.9 14.9 6.4 62.5 19.9
Timor-Leste 2021 2.5 . 1.0 0
Togo 2021 0.8 80.0 11.5 0 2.0 0 0 0.8 36.2
Tonga 2021 100.0 17.3 11.1 0 16.5 0.0 0.0 46.9 7.2
Trinidad and Tobago 2021 100 50.5 6.5 0.8 69.5 0 0.0 96.2 23.0
Tunisia 51.6 40.8 0 0 51.6
Türkiye 2021 43.0 17.2 5.8 3.3 23.8 0.1 0.6 20.4 6.1
Uganda 2021 3.2 50.8 16.3 0 42.0 0 12.4 3.2 32.4
Ukraine 2021 100 5.0 3.7 34.0 44.3 0.0 0 0.6 0.3
United Arab Emirates 2021 100 12.7 4.6 3.6 8.4 0 0.3 0 0
United Kingdom 2021 100 4.1 3.0 29.7 54.6 0.5 0.3 1.6 1.4
United States of America 2021 100.0 3.2 3.1 49.8 50.0 3.2 3.1 2.3 2.2
Uruguay 2021 100 31.1 10.3 0 15.8 0 0 98.2 35.9
Uzbekistan 2021 6.8 46.9 9.0 12.1
Vanuatu 2021 100 39.5 7.9 3.9 28.7 0 0 95.8 5.0
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 2021 100 33.6 13.9 0 4.7 0 0 99.1 38.6
Viet Nam 2021 100 10.5 8.4 14.8 38.6 0 0.2 24.4 21.6
Yemen 100 21.2 0.1 0.1 89.4
Zambia 2021 4.2 44.2 13.8 0 26.3 0 3.2 4.2 31.4
Zimbabwe 2021 11.9 9.8 16.4 3.3 11 0.2 8.4 2.4 26.2

24
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Summary Tables
not yet rates
implemented MFN
MFN MFN MFN
tariff lines
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0 1.7 0 50 30 12 9 52 110 9,572 Philippines

0 0.1 0 30 20 14 4 41 36 6,381 Qatar
0 0.4 0 100 100 14 9 31 102 4,914 Rwanda
0 1.8 0 170 70 10 9 12 110 5,572 Saint Kitts and Nevis
0.5 6.3 0 206 70 30 11 38 126 5,382 Saint Lucia
0.0 3.4 0 206 40 31 9 39 88 5,317 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0 0.0 0.0 55 50 16 7 34 52 5,097 Samoa
0 0.4 0 20 20 17 13 52 62 13,032 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
0 0.4 0 30 35 2 5 1 60 5,210 Senegal
5.7 30 15 93 7,932 Serbia
0.1 7.1 0 200 200 7 9 136 491 4,847 Seychelles
0 0.4 0 80 35 7 5 12 60 5,210 Sierra Leone
0 0 0 10 0 5 1 81 0 9,443 Singapore
0.0 0.0 0 > 1000 110 49 22 24 28 5,277 Solomon Islands
0.6 9.4 0 50 744 15 107 69 177 6,874 South Africa
0.1 22.7 0 100 147 27 44 81 152 6,698 Sri Lanka
0 40 10 76 6,075 Sudan
0 2.8 0 40 40 18 9 73 86 5,262 Suriname
7.9 9.1 0 62 43 5062 4487 180 194 6,378 Switzerland
0.1 200 12 127 4,707 Syrian Arab Republic
4.8 5.4 0 161 86 137 81 118 119 7,630 Chinese Taipei
0.6 0.5 0 30 30 17 18 73 70 8,907 Tajikistan
0 0.3 0 120 90 1 29 0 97 4,903 Tanzania
0.4 14.9 0 244 166 1480 50 45 150 9,443 Thailand
0.3 10 4 17 4,679 Timor-Leste
0 0.4 0 80 35 1 5 0 60 5,210 Togo
0 0 0 20 20 4 5 14 63 4,869 Tonga
0.1 0 180 28 39 Tunisia
0.8 5.5 0 100 82 245 113 73 155 9,229 Türkiye
0 4.8 0 80 819 4 275 22 213 4,919 Uganda
0.8 5.3 0 25 25 42 42 90 113 8,501 Ukraine
0 0 0 15 5 10 2 35 32 6,314 United Arab Emirates
2.9 9.5 0 26 25 121 35 106 142 7,401 United Kingdom
0 0.3 0 35 35 12 16 22 80 10,494 Uruguay
3.0 900 109 258 8,851 Uzbekistan
0 1.8 0 85 55 15 9 30 92 4,734 Vanuatu
0 0 0 40 35 13 15 14 71 9,977 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
2.3 4 0 200 100 58 34 118 128 9,732 Viet Nam
0 0 43 30 35 Yemen
0 0 0 125 40 6 51 34 87 5,553 Zambia
0.5 8 0 150 266 38 425 149 127 5,461 Zimbabwe

25
Trade Description of column headings
Column headings Description or method of calculation
All indicators are calculated by sector and for all products.
Calendar year or start of fiscal

Trade Year year for trade data notified by
reporting country/territory.
Value of imports Total amount of imports in billion US$.

Imports
Profile
HS six-digit MFN tariff averages
Trade Weighted Average
weighted with HS six-digit import
MFN Applied Tariff
flows for traded national tariff lines.
Share of imports of products for

Duty-free imports
which the MFN duty is zero
Export profile statistics are based on reported imports of partner markets

from the country/territory for the year indicated in Part B of the country
table. Thus, the data are limited only to markets with notified imports data.
Number of distinct HS chapters

Diversification Index with trade flows after the exclusion
HS Chapter of 5 per cent of smallest bilateral
tariff line trade flows.
Number of distinct HS 6-digit sub-

Diversification Index headings with trade flows after the
Exports
HS 6-digit exclusion of 5 per cent of smallest
Profile
bilateral tariff line trade flows.
Actual MFN or preferential tariff

imposed by the five major trading
Applied Weighted Tariff partners in each sector to the
Faced in Major Markets products they import from the
country/territory (i.e., to the products
exported by the country/territory).

26
Technical notes
I SUMMARY
TABLES
The indicators related to the imports based on the standard subheading
profile are calculated from the reported nomenclature of the HS version
imports data of the country. However, used by the country) are discarded
the exports profile are based on and not taken into account. On the
mirror data or the imports reported other hand, missing subheadings
by the partner from the country. are added. Hence, all calculations
Thus, only data of reporting partners are based on the complete standard
are included in the calculation of nomenclature. All simple averages are
indicators for the exports profile. based on pre-aggregated HS six-digit
averages. Pre-aggregation means that
Only duties and imports recorded
duties at the tariff line level are first
under HS Chapters 01-97 are taken
averaged to HS six-digit subheadings.
into account. Each applied tariff
Subsequent calculations are based
schedule is validated against the
on these pre-aggregated averages.
standard nomenclature at the HS
six-digit subheading level of the HS To the extent possible, non-ad valorem
version adopted by the country for duties are converted into ad valorem
the reference year. National tariff equivalents. The methodology used
lines that do not follow this standard for the conversion is in Technical
(i.e., the first six digits should be Annex B of World Tariff Profiles 2006.

27
Imports and exports profile
Summary Trade Statistics
Imports Profile
Value of Imports MFN Duty-free Imports
MFN Applied Tariff
Trade Year
Country/Territory All AG Non-AG All AG Non-AG All AG Non-AG
Billion US$ (Per cent) Share of total (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Afghanistan
Albania 2020 4.2 0.7 3.6 3.6 7.0 2.9 56.7 21.7 63.6
Algeria
Angola 2019 14.2 2.8 11.4 10.1 21.7 7.3 39.6 13.0 46.1
Antigua and Barbuda 2019 0.5 0.1 0.4 14.9 19.4 13.4 5.8 15.5 2.5
Argentina 2020 41.8 3.8 38.0 11.9 10.1 12.1 17.1 3.0 18.5
Armenia 2020 4.5 0.8 3.6 5.7 9.3 4.9 27.8 9.2 32.1
Australia 2020 199.3 14.5 184.8 2.6 2.4 2.6 46.7 52.2 46.3
Azerbaijan 2020 10.2 1.9 8.3 8.2 10.9 7.6 28.8 30.3 28.5
Bahrain, Kingdom of 2020 12.6 1.8 10.9 5.4 12.2 4.3 17.0 33.0 14.4
Bangladesh
Barbados 2020 1.5 0.3 1.2 13.7 31.1 8.9 28.0 14.9 31.7
Belarus 2020 31.2 3.8 27.3 4.6 7.9 4.1 38.3 18.0 41.1
Belize 2020 0.8 0.2 0.6 18.9 43.2 10.4 31.8 41.3 28.4
Benin 2020 2.6 0.8 1.8 12.1 16.5 10.2 0.0 0.0 9.6
Bhutan
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 2020 7.1 0.8 6.3 10.0 13.6 9.5 19.6 0.8 21.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2020 9.9 1.8 8.1 8.5 16.5 6.7 24.1 10.5 27.1
Botswana 2020 6.5 0.8 5.6 5.7 13.4 4.6 59.8 22.5 65.2
Brazil 2020 146.3 10.2 136.1 10.0 12.1 9.8 18.1 2.5 19.2
Brunei Darussalam 2020 5.3 0.5 4.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 92.0 99.1 91.2
Burkina Faso 2020 3.9 0.5 3.5 9.4 13.6 8.8 0.0 0.0 11.9
Burundi 2020 0.9 0.1 0.8 13.6 32.3 10.4 47.5 11.7 53.6
Cabo Verde 2020 0.7 0.2 0.5 11.0 15.6 9.1 36.2 17.2 44.2
Cambodia 2020 19.3 1.8 17.5 9.1 13.1 8.7 20.5 16.1 21.0
Cameroon
Canada 2020 359.5 37.0 322.5 3.3 12.5 2.3 69.4 57.2 70.8
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile 2020 55.2 7.2 48.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
China 2020 2,151.8 134.4 2,017.4 3.2 12.8 2.5 54.3 1.2 57.8
Colombia 2020 42.3 6.5 35.8 7.1 21.3 5.4 47.6 0.3 56.2
Comoros 2020 0.3 0.1 0.1 5.2 4.0 6.1 69.2 73.8 65.6
Congo
Cook Islands
Costa Rica 2020 14.2 1.9 12.3 5.2 13.1 4.0 59.9 34.1 64.0
Côte d'Ivoire
Cuba 2020 5.7 1.9 3.8 10.2 10.3 10.2 6.4 9.8 4.7
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2020 6.7 0.6 6.1 8.4 10.0 8.2 18.0 0.4 19.7
Djibouti
Dominica 2019 0.3 0.1 0.2 15.1 31.0 11.5 13.5 9.3 14.4
Dominican Republic 2020 18.5 3.2 15.3 9.0 17.0 7.3 50.1 35.2 53.2
Ecuador 2020 17.6 2.4 15.2 7.2 8.6 7.0 61.2 52.2 62.6
Egypt
El Salvador 2020 10.3 2.4 7.9 8.2 18.0 5.3 43.8 17.0 51.8
Eswatini 2020 1.6 0.3 1.2 8.8 9.2 8.7 42.9 38.9 44.0
Ethiopia 2020 14.1 2.6 11.5 11.8 13.2 11.5 22.0 0.8 26.8
European Union 2020 1,797.5 133.2 1,664.3 3.2 8.4 2.8 51.0 40.1 51.8
Fiji 2020 1.7 0.3 1.4 13.1 22.8 10.6 28.0 30.0 27.5
Gabon
The Gambia 2020 0.5 0.2 0.4 12.8 17.7 10.8 0.0 0.0 3.1
Georgia 2020 6.1 1.0 5.1 2.0 7.0 1.0 80.5 38.0 89.3
Ghana
Grenada
Guatemala 2020 18.1 3.2 14.9 5.2 10.4 4.1 44.5 20.7 49.7
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana 2020 2.2 0.3 1.9 12.5 19.9 11.4 12.1 25.7 9.9
Haiti
Honduras

28
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Exports Profile
Diversification Index Diversification Index Applied Weighted Tariff Faced in
Number of HS Chapters Number of HS 6-digits Major Markets
All AG Non-AG All AG Non-AG All AG Non-AG Country/Territory

Based on exports to the top 5 sectorial partners listed in Part B of each country profile.
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
52 18 37 212 67 145 2.0 2.9 0.5 Afghanistan
71 21 52 532 85 447 0.4 0.0 0.5 Albania
28 13 15 69 30 39 0.7 17.2 0.4 Algeria
46 17 29 133 50 83 0.1 2.5 0.1 Angola
56 15 41 225 29 196 0.8 8.3 0.2 Antigua and Barbuda
79 28 61 1,013 208 805 6.6 10.2 1.1 Argentina
66 18 49 475 100 375 0.7 0.1 0.8 Armenia
88 26 69 1,436 253 1,183 1.2 11.9 0.2 Australia
54 24 32 156 78 78 0.1 0.4 0.1 Azerbaijan
53 14 40 193 36 157 0.5 0.0 0.5 Bahrain, Kingdom of
71 23 52 524 128 396 3.6 3.5 3.6 Bangladesh
53 15 40 292 54 238 2.5 4.9 0.7 Barbados
86 27 66 1,439 172 1,267 0.6 1.0 0.6 Belarus
48 14 34 156 35 121 3.9 4.7 3.2 Belize
53 15 40 228 42 186 0.2 0.5 0.0 Benin
33 16 17 77 37 40 0.4 13.5 0.1 Bhutan
53 18 37 134 58 76 2.8 0.3 3.6 Bolivia, Plurinational State of
82 28 59 842 206 636 1.3 15.5 0.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina
51 17 34 184 38 146 2.3 34.7 1.5 Botswana
85 26 67 1,396 141 1,255 2.8 7.2 0.4 Brazil
32 15 18 101 35 66 0.0 3.9 0.0 Brunei Darussalam
51 18 35 202 63 139 1.7 5.4 1.5 Burkina Faso
25 4 21 40 6 34 0.7 2.0 0.0 Burundi
40 11 29 104 23 81 0.2 1.9 0.1 Cabo Verde
59 15 44 359 34 325 3.9 1.6 4.1 Cambodia
36 12 24 76 23 53 0.2 0.2 0.2 Cameroon
84 26 63 1,487 214 1,273 0.6 3.5 0.2 Canada
32 13 19 70 18 52 0.9 1.2 0.9 Central African Republic
17 4 13 38 8 30 0.2 3.8 0.0 Chad
73 25 53 585 148 437 0.2 1.1 0.0 Chile
96 31 77 3,453 364 3,089 2.2 15.2 2.0 China
76 24 56 741 87 654 1.2 3.3 0.5 Colombia
19 3 17 31 4 27 0.1 0.2 0.0 Comoros
54 14 40 165 35 130 1.2 11.4 1.1 Congo
33 7 26 88 7 81 2.8 18.6 2.7 Cook Islands
72 24 54 619 132 487 1.4 3.6 0.0 Costa Rica
39 14 27 104 34 70 1.2 0.8 2.0 Côte d'Ivoire
27 8 19 58 17 41 11.8 26.8 1.9 Cuba
61 18 44 199 44 155 2.4 2.1 2.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo
40 11 29 104 23 81 8.2 13.5 0.5 Djibouti
44 14 31 151 38 113 8.4 7.7 8.6 Dominica
65 15 50 325 59 266 0.9 3.3 0.2 Dominican Republic
60 16 48 231 58 173 2.1 5.2 0.9 Ecuador
79 28 58 736 186 550 1.7 1.9 1.7 Egypt
76 21 59 620 79 541 2.4 9.1 0.5 El Salvador
55 13 42 228 31 197 4.1 7.1 2.9 Eswatini
51 14 37 269 41 228 0.1 0.1 0.0 Ethiopia
92 32 73 3,425 499 2,926 2.9 8.9 2.4 European Union
78 19 61 713 72 641 1.0 2.1 0.2 Fiji
32 10 22 80 14 66 0.4 2.1 0.4 Gabon
39 14 27 101 27 74 17.0 1.0 19.1 The Gambia
59 19 42 264 76 188 0.1 0.0 0.1 Georgia
48 14 35 158 44 114 1.4 1.1 1.4 Ghana
26 7 19 76 13 63 0.0 0.0 0.0 Grenada
75 24 56 609 132 477 1.2 2.2 0.0 Guatemala
30 14 17 52 24 28 0.1 1.4 0.1 Guinea
18 10 9 33 15 18 0.5 0.1 2.0 Guinea-Bissau
35 14 21 116 35 81 1.2 13.3 0.0 Guyana
40 14 27 121 32 89 0.7 0.0 0.7 Haiti
66 22 48 375 93 282 0.7 0.8 0.6 Honduras

29
Imports Profile
MFN Applied Tariff
Trade Year
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Hong Kong, China 2020 571.0 22.1 548.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Iceland 2020 5.8 0.7 5.1 2.3 20.2 0.0 94.4 51.8 99.9
India 2020 392.8 22.8 370.1 12.6 63.3 9.4 5.8 0.2 6.2
Indonesia 2020 141.3 19.3 122.0 5.6 5.9 5.5 36.4 36.0 36.4
Iran
Israel 2020 62.7 6.6 56.2 3.7 14.1 2.5 70.4 61.2 71.4
Jamaica 2020 4.7 0.9 3.7 10.0 16.7 8.3 44.1 25.4 48.8
Japan 2020 626.0 58.3 567.7 2.4 13.9 1.2 76.7 34.8 81.0
Jordan 2020 16.4 4.0 12.4 9.3 11.9 8.5 55.2 60.5 53.5
Kazakhstan 2020 37.4 3.9 33.4 5.1 14.4 4.1 38.9 10.6 42.2
Kenya 2020 15.3 2.6 12.7 11.4 27.7 8.0 47.1 32.8 50.0
Kiribati 2020 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Kuwait, the State of 2020 28.1 5.5 22.6 4.7 7.9 3.9 25.6 40.1 22.0
Kyrgyz Republic 2020 3.7 0.6 3.1 6.5 10.6 5.7 14.4 2.5 16.7
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2020 5.0 1.0 4.1 9.2 14.0 8.0 2.8 3.3 2.6
Lebanese Republic 2020 11.3 2.2 9.1 4.3 6.4 3.8 37.4 53.2 33.5
Lesotho 2020 1.5 0.4 1.1 11.9 14.8 10.9 33.1 30.7 33.9
Liberia
Libya
Macao, China 2020 11.2 1.5 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Madagascar 2020 3.1 0.6 2.5 9.6 7.5 10.1 18.8 35.4 14.6
Malawi 2020 2.7 0.4 2.3 9.7 16.9 8.5 43.1 15.6 47.7
Malaysia 2020 189.3 16.6 172.7 3.5 6.9 3.2 81.0 70.2 82.0
Maldives 2020 1.8 0.4 1.5 13.2 28.3 9.2 50.6 84.6 41.5
Mali
Mauritania 2020 2.9 0.9 2.0 9.0 6.3 10.2 18.2 49.7 4.8
Mauritius 2020 4.2 0.9 3.4 1.1 2.7 0.7 94.7 91.1 95.6
Mexico 2020 339.0 23.4 315.6 4.1 15.5 3.3 70.6 40.2 72.8
Micronesia, Federated States of
Moldova, Republic of 2020 5.4 0.8 4.6 4.7 12.4 3.4 47.8 6.8 54.8
Mongolia 2020 5.3 0.7 4.6 5.4 8.6 5.0 1.7 0.0 1.9
Montenegro 2020 2.4 0.5 1.9 5.4 15.8 2.7 36.3 7.9 44.5
Morocco 2020 44.4 6.6 37.7 12.8 16.7 12.1 0.0 0.0 1.4
Mozambique 2020 6.4 1.2 5.2 7.1 8.7 6.8 11.8 4.4 13.5
Myanmar 2020 18.0 2.4 15.5 5.3 8.0 4.8 5.8 1.9 6.4
Namibia 2020 6.5 0.8 5.7 6.6 18.7 5.0 61.3 18.5 67.2
Nauru
Nepal 2020 9.8 2.2 7.5 13.6 13.8 13.5 6.8 0.3 8.7
New Zealand 2020 36.4 4.9 31.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 60.3 48.8 62.1
Nicaragua 2020 4.8 1.0 3.8 6.8 14.0 5.0 48.5 21.2 55.3
Niger 2020 3.0 0.9 2.1 11.0 14.9 9.4 0.0 0.0 14.4
Nigeria 2020 53.0 6.9 46.1 8.5 9.1 8.4 0.0 0.0 9.4
North Macedonia 2020 8.7 0.9 7.8 6.1 19.7 4.5 46.8 14.6 50.5
Norway 2020 80.7 8.1 72.6 2.7 23.7 0.4 91.4 46.6 96.3
Oman
Pakistan 2020 45.3 8.4 37.0 9.6 7.2 10.1 21.5 16.2 22.6
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay 2020 9.9 1.0 8.9 6.4 12.3 5.8 36.8 18.5 38.8
Peru 2020 36.0 5.1 30.9 1.9 1.3 2.0 72.5 80.0 71.3
Philippines 2020 95.2 13.2 82.0 5.3 12.0 4.2 45.6 18.4 50.0
Qatar 2020 24.2 3.0 21.2 4.2 5.0 4.0 22.4 46.1 19.0
Russian Federation 2020 222.1 27.6 194.5 5.3 9.5 4.7 30.9 17.8 32.8
Rwanda 2020 3.5 0.6 3.0 17.5 36.9 13.8 37.9 2.8 44.5
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia 2019 0.6 0.2 0.5 14.2 20.9 11.9 24.9 28.0 23.9
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2019 0.3 0.1 0.2 13.7 19.6 11.4 11.8 25.3 6.5
Samoa 2020 0.3 0.1 0.2 8.6 11.4 7.5 31.3 26.9 33.0

30
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Exports Profile

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
92 29 70 1,476 219 1,257 3.0 0.5 3.0 Hong Kong, China

54 22 38 259 57 202 1.1 2.8 1.0 Iceland
94 30 73 2,614 299 2,315 2.9 5.8 2.6 India
87 25 68 1,340 130 1,210 2.4 4.6 1.9 Indonesia
75 27 54 663 138 525 3.9 7.9 3.2 Iran
84 25 63 945 145 800 0.9 3.3 0.8 Israel
56 18 40 282 99 183 0.5 1.6 0.0 Jamaica
91 29 72 2,321 250 2,071 3.2 6.9 3.2 Japan
66 23 44 543 180 363 1.5 0.0 1.8 Jordan
77 24 56 807 146 661 0.8 3.6 0.6 Kazakhstan
78 26 57 541 110 431 1.5 2.8 0.1 Kenya
16 5 11 31 7 24 1.0 4.1 1.0 Kiribati
88 26 70 1,766 167 1,599 1.0 23.9 0.7 Korea, Republic of
62 22 42 315 95 220 1.0 0.0 1.0 Kuwait, the State of
74 26 51 454 114 340 0.1 0.6 0.0 Kyrgyz Republic
45 16 29 174 41 133 1.8 6.9 1.0 Lao People's Democratic Republic
84 25 62 747 212 535 0.0 0.1 0.0 Lebanese Republic
33 11 23 136 18 118 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lesotho
38 15 23 111 28 83 0.0 0.6 0.0 Liberia
13 6 7 27 12 15 0.1 1.2 0.1 Libya
58 13 46 276 29 247 2.6 1.1 2.7 Macao, China
47 13 35 219 39 180 0.1 0.3 0.0 Madagascar
47 15 32 168 37 131 7.3 8.2 1.3 Malawi
85 26 64 1,285 170 1,115 0.5 4.8 0.3 Malaysia
31 13 19 70 26 44 7.6 2.6 7.6 Maldives
64 20 47 333 65 268 0.0 0.2 0.0 Mali
44 18 28 117 40 77 0.6 15.7 0.5 Mauritania
77 20 62 760 61 699 0.4 1.7 0.1 Mauritius
87 28 67 1,493 204 1,289 0.3 0.8 0.2 Mexico
12 4 8 27 4 23 1.2 3.6 1.2 Micronesia, Federated States of
71 22 51 496 101 395 2.0 3.4 0.6 Moldova, Republic of
45 14 34 173 32 141 1.6 9.2 1.0 Mongolia
54 18 37 208 58 150 0.6 2.2 0.2 Montenegro
77 20 62 654 103 551 1.4 4.9 0.7 Morocco
38 13 25 126 36 90 0.2 0.6 0.1 Mozambique
69 17 54 461 84 377 0.6 0.6 0.6 Myanmar
74 21 57 590 64 526 2.5 21.7 1.1 Namibia
31 5 26 107 9 98 1.0 0.3 1.0 Nauru
67 19 49 372 69 303 0.1 0.0 0.2 Nepal
79 23 63 1,106 137 969 3.5 5.4 0.4 New Zealand
67 20 48 337 68 269 0.8 1.7 0.3 Nicaragua
46 15 32 169 36 133 0.0 0.0 0.0 Niger
61 19 43 268 70 198 0.4 3.5 0.2 Nigeria
69 22 49 541 119 422 0.3 1.3 0.2 North Macedonia
77 28 55 945 143 802 0.7 6.4 0.5 Norway
54 22 37 295 94 201 1.2 0.0 1.2 Oman
78 23 58 790 100 690 4.7 12.9 3.5 Pakistan
20 4 17 63 4 59 0.0 1.8 0.0 Palau
78 18 64 918 74 844 1.8 9.8 0.0 Panama
29 9 22 70 17 53 0.4 0.9 0.4 Papua New Guinea
64 19 46 252 58 194 2.3 2.8 0.1 Paraguay
83 25 66 830 148 682 0.1 0.6 0.0 Peru
77 22 61 806 120 686 0.5 4.8 0.2 Philippines
41 17 25 94 37 57 1.9 2.2 1.9 Qatar
89 29 68 1,852 238 1,614 1.4 12.5 0.7 Russian Federation
53 15 40 173 39 134 0.4 2.7 0.0 Rwanda
30 6 24 79 16 63 0.1 0.3 0.0 Saint Kitts and Nevis
61 15 47 265 36 229 0.0 0.0 0.0 Saint Lucia
38 10 28 117 24 93 18.1 0.0 21.6 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
42 10 32 119 20 99 11.4 2.4 14.3 Samoa

31
Imports Profile
MFN Applied Tariff
Trade Year
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2020 125.6 20.4 105.2 5.4 9.5 4.6 25.3 41.5 22.2
Senegal 2020 7.8 1.8 6.0 9.8 13.6 8.6 0.0 0.0 16.2
Serbia 2020 22.9 2.2 20.6 7.0 19.3 5.7 1.3 0.1 1.4
Seychelles 2020 1.1 0.2 0.9 4.7 8.7 3.9 82.3 76.3 83.6
Sierra Leone
Singapore 2020 325.8 13.1 312.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 99.9 98.7 100.0
Solomon Islands
South Africa 2020 63.2 5.9 57.3 6.3 12.4 5.6 64.3 33.0 67.6
Sri Lanka 2020 15.6 2.3 13.3 6.4 21.1 3.8 68.3 28.5 75.2
Sudan
Suriname 2019 1.2 0.2 1.0 12.2 22.2 10.4 2.7 6.6 2.0
Switzerland 2020 291.8 13.4 278.3 1.7 22.1 0.7 59.0 19.4 61.0
Syrian Arab Republic
Chinese Taipei 2020 270.7 12.3 258.4 2.1 10.4 1.7 73.6 34.1 75.5
Tajikistan 2020 3.1 0.8 2.3 6.4 8.0 5.9 5.4 0.1 7.3
Tanzania 2020 8.5 0.7 7.8 9.7 33.1 7.5 47.2 7.0 51.0
Thailand 2020 206.1 13.5 192.5 7.1 37.5 5.0 52.5 13.1 55.3
Timor-Leste
Togo 2020 2.1 0.3 1.8 11.4 17.4 10.4 0.0 0.0 10.5
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Türkiye 2020 189.3 14.8 174.5 4.6 21.2 3.2 38.0 33.1 38.4
Uganda 2020 8.2 1.0 7.3 14.8 27.4 13.1 35.2 3.7 39.3
Ukraine 2020 54.1 5.8 48.4 3.5 6.2 3.2 53.4 34.6 55.7
United Arab Emirates 2020 213.8 16.6 197.2 3.5 10.9 2.9 42.1 33.2 42.8
United Kingdom 2020 623.0 63.6 559.4 4.1 14.5 3.0 48.2 14.7 52.0
United States of America 2020 2,232.8 143.2 2,089.7 2.3 4.5 2.1 57.2 35.4 58.7
Uruguay 2020 7.6 1.2 6.3 9.6 11.8 9.2 28.3 10.1 31.9
Uzbekistan 2020 20.0 2.3 17.7 4.5 7.5 4.2 55.9 52.3 56.4
Vanuatu
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Viet Nam 2020 259.2 21.5 237.7 5.3 11.9 4.7 58.9 30.8 61.4
Yemen
Zambia 2020 5.3 0.4 4.9 9.9 15.4 9.5 44.2 23.9 45.8
Zimbabwe 2020 5.0 1.0 4.0 13.0 9.4 13.8 25.7 41.7 21.7

32
I SUMMARY
TABLES
Exports Profile

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
62 21 44 571 121 450 1.4 0.2 1.5 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of

51 20 34 181 62 119 0.0 0.1 0.0 Senegal
86 27 65 1,375 212 1,163 0.3 0.9 0.1 Serbia
28 11 19 52 17 35 1.9 72.9 0.9 Seychelles
44 15 30 141 30 111 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sierra Leone
85 27 64 1,303 146 1,157 0.4 1.3 0.3 Singapore
27 10 18 64 22 42 0.4 0.6 0.4 Solomon Islands
91 28 73 2,298 346 1,952 1.7 6.5 1.3 South Africa
75 19 58 661 108 553 5.1 1.6 5.9 Sri Lanka
21 10 11 49 28 21 0.5 1.3 0.0 Sudan
37 19 19 114 61 53 0.1 2.0 0.0 Suriname
92 33 68 1,704 453 1,251 1.4 3.2 1.3 Switzerland
79 24 59 703 184 519 9.8 12.0 2.8 Syrian Arab Republic
90 27 68 1,728 227 1,501 0.8 7.5 0.7 Chinese Taipei
30 10 21 66 25 41 0.7 2.1 0.5 Tajikistan
57 20 38 184 69 115 0.5 1.7 0.1 Tanzania
89 28 70 1,826 189 1,637 1.5 7.6 0.9 Thailand
33 8 25 106 28 78 0.9 0.9 0.9 Timor-Leste
60 21 41 235 64 171 0.9 0.9 0.9 Togo
39 10 29 88 22 66 4.2 6.4 0.3 Tonga
61 17 45 428 90 338 0.8 0.1 0.8 Trinidad and Tobago
78 19 63 803 75 728 1.1 9.6 0.2 Tunisia
92 29 72 2,273 263 2,010 1.3 7.3 0.7 Türkiye
70 22 50 340 78 262 0.1 0.2 0.0 Uganda
86 28 64 1,206 161 1,045 6.4 14.5 0.9 Ukraine
78 26 57 921 211 710 2.7 5.9 2.6 United Arab Emirates
94 30 75 2,860 573 2,287 0.7 0.9 0.7 United Kingdom
92 30 72 2,595 373 2,222 2.0 8.6 1.3 United States of America
70 21 54 454 87 367 6.0 9.9 0.5 Uruguay
80 26 56 455 114 341 1.4 2.1 1.3 Uzbekistan
33 7 26 58 10 48 1.0 1.7 0.9 Vanuatu
57 19 40 192 51 141 1.4 1.1 1.4 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
87 29 67 1382 180 1202 2.0 4.4 2.0 Viet Nam
46 17 30 126 44 82 0.0 0.0 0.0 Yemen
57 22 37 249 61 188 0.6 1.7 0.5 Zambia
62 21 45 265 66 199 13.4 38.5 0.3 Zimbabwe

33
II. Country/territory
tariff profiles
34
Index of tariff profiles 36
Technical notes 37
Country/territory tariff profiles 42
35
Index of tariff profiles
Afghanistan42 Ghana94 Norway146
Albania43 Grenada95 Oman147
Algeria44 Guatemala96 Pakistan148
Angola45 Guinea97 Palau149
Antigua and Barbuda 46 Guinea-Bissau98 Panama150
Argentina47 Guyana99 Papua New Guinea 151
Armenia48 Haiti100 Paraguay152
Australia 49 Honduras101 Peru153
Azerbaijan50 Hong Kong, China 102 Philippines154
Bahrain, Kingdom of 51 Iceland103 Qatar155
Bangladesh52 India104 Russian Federation 156
Barbados53 Indonesia105 Rwanda157
Belarus54 Iran106 Saint Kitts and Nevis 158
Belize55 Israel107 Saint Lucia 159
Benin56 Jamaica108 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 160
Bhutan57 Japan109 Samoa161
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 58 Jordan110 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 162
Bosnia and Herzegovina 59 Kazakhstan111 Senegal163
Botswana60 Kenya112 Serbia164
Brazil61 Kiribati113 Seychelles165
Brunei Darussalam 62 Korea, Republic of 114 Sierra Leone 166
Burkina Faso 63 Kuwait, the State of 115 Singapore167
Burundi64 Kyrgyz Republic 116 Solomon Islands 168
Cabo Verde 65 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 117 South Africa 169
Cambodia66 Lebanese Republic 118 Sri Lanka 170
Cameroon67 Lesotho119 Sudan171
Canada68 Liberia120 Suriname172
Central African Republic 69 Libya121 Switzerland2173
Chad70 Macao, China 122 Syrian Arab Republic 174
Chile71 Madagascar123 Chinese Taipei 175
China72 Malawi124 Tajikistan176
Colombia73 Malaysia125 Tanzania177
Comoros74 Maldives126 Thailand178
Congo75 Mali127 Timor-Leste179
Cook Islands 76 Mauritania128 Togo180
Costa Rica 77 Mauritius129 Tonga181
Côte d’Ivoire 78 Mexico130 Trinidad and Tobago 182
Cuba79 Micronesia, Federated States of 131 Tunisia183
Democratic Republic of the Congo 80 Moldova, Republic of 132 Türkiye184
Djibouti81 Mongolia133 Uganda185
Dominica82 Montenegro134 Ukraine186
Dominican Republic 83 Morocco135 United Arab Emirates 187
Ecuador84 Mozambique136 United Kingdom3188
Egypt85 Myanmar137 United States of America 189
El Salvador 86 Namibia138 Uruguay190
Eswatini87 Nauru139 Uzbekistan191
Ethiopia88 Nepal140 Vanuatu 192
European Union189 New Zealand 141 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 193
Fiji90 Nicaragua142 Viet Nam 194
Gabon91 Niger143 Yemen195
The Gambia 92 Nigeria144 Zambia196
Georgia93 North Macedonia 145 Zimbabwe197
1. The information provided by the European Union covers its 27 member States from 1 February 2020.
2. The information provided by Switzerland covers Liechtenstein.
3. For statistics on bound tariffs of the UK, the calculations are based on the UK submission of its full Schedule in HS2017 which has not yet been
approved by all members.

36
Part A.1
Tariffs and imports: Summary and duty ranges
Row titles Description or method of calculation Technical notes
Simple Only duties and imports recorded

Simple average of final bound duties
average final under HS Chapters 01-97 are taken
excluding unbound tariff lines.
bound into account. Each applied tariff
schedule is validated against the
Simple standard nomenclature at the HS
average MFN Simple average of MFN applied duties. six-digit subheading level of the HS
applied version adopted by the country for
the reference year. National tariff
TARIFF PROFILES
lines that do not follow this standard
Trade
HS six-digit MFN tariff averages weighted with HS six-digit (i.e., the first six digits should be
weighted
import flows for traded national tariff lines. based on the standard subheading
average
nomenclature of the HS version
used by the country) are discarded
Imports in and not taken into account. On the
Imports in billion US$.
billion US$ other hand, missing subheadings
are added. Hence, all calculations
Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing at least one are based on the complete standard
bound tariff line. The percentage share is also presented nomenclature. All simple averages are
Binding separately for non-agricultural (Non-AG) tariff lines. Full based on pre-aggregated HS six-digit
coverage binding coverage is indicated by 100 without further decimals. averages. Pre-aggregation means that
If some tariff lines are unbound but the result still rounds to duties at the tariff line level are first
100 this is reflected by maintaining one decimal, i.e. 100.0. averaged to HS six-digit subheadings.
Subsequent calculations are based
on these pre-aggregated averages.
Per cent of HS six-digit subheadings in the schedule of
AG: Tariff To the extent possible, non-
agricultural concession covered by tariff quotas. Partial
quotas (in %) ad valorem duties are converted
coverage is taken into account on a pro rata basis.
into ad valorem equivalents.
The methodology used for the
Per cent of HS six-digit subheadings in the schedule conversion is in Technical Annex
AG: Special
of agricultural concessions with at least one tariff B of World Tariff Profiles 2006.
safeguards
line subject to Special Safeguards (SSG). Partial
(in %)
coverage is taken into account on a pro rata basis.

37
Part A.2
Tariffs and imports by product groups
Column heading Description or method of calculation Frequency distribution

by duty ranges
Simple average of final bound duties
AVG
excluding unbound tariff lines The shares by duty ranges in the
frequency distribution are based on
Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings the pro rata shares of tariff line level
in the total number of subheadings in the duties in the standard HS six-digit
Duty free
product group. Partially duty-free subheadings subheadings. For example, if there
are taken into account on a pro rata basis. are two tariff lines in one HS six-digit
Final subheading, one with a duty of 10 and
bound Highest ad valorem duty or calculated one with a duty of 20, then half of the
duties Max HS six-digit subheading is allocated
AVE within the product group
to the 5–10 range and the other half
Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing to the 15–25 range. The frequency
at least one bound tariff line. Full binding distribution includes AVEs whenever
Binding coverage is indicated by 100 without further those were calculated. The percentages
in % decimals. If some tariff lines are unbound but by duty ranges add up to 100 per cent
the result still rounds to 100 this is reflected for MFN applied duties unless there are
by maintaining one decimal, i.e. 100.0. non-computable AVEs or missing tariff
lines for which no separate category
was allocated. For bound duties, the
duty ranges add up to the percentage
AVG Simple average of MFN applied duties. of the binding coverage unless there
are non-computable AVEs or missing
tariff lines. Please note that the use
of different nomenclatures for bound
Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings and MFN applied duties affects the
MFN comparability of bound and MFN applied
in the total number of subheadings in the
applied Duty free duty shares by frequency ranges.
product group. Partially duty-free subheadings
duties
are taken into account on a pro rata basis. When trade is available at the tariff line
level, imports are allocated on a tariff
line basis to the respective duty ranges.
Highest ad valorem duty or calculated Otherwise, HS six-digit imports are
Max allocated on a pro rata basis to duty
AVE within the product group
ranges, e.g. if there are two tariff lines
in one HS six-digit subheading, one
with a duty of 10 and one with a duty of
20 then half of the HS six-digit imports
Share in % Share of imports falling under product group are allocated to the 5–10 range and
the other half to the 15–25 range.
Share of HS six-digit subheadings
Imports Share of MFN duty-free imports falling under
subject to non-ad valorem duties:
product group in total imports in that product
Duty free when only part of the HS six-digit
group. Partially duty-free subheadings
in % subheading is subject to non-
are taken into account on a pro rata basis
ad valorem duties, the percentage
if tariff line imports are not available.
share of these tariff lines is used.

38
Part B
Exports to major trading partners and duties faced
Column heading Description or method of calculation
Bilateral imports in Mill US$ Total imports of major partner countries
Number of HS Chapters with trade flows after exclusion of
HS 2 digit
5 per cent of smallest bilateral tariff line trade flows.
TARIFF PROFILES
Diversification:
95 % trade in no. of
Number of HS six-digit subheadings with trade flows after exclusion of 5 per
HS 6 digit cent
of smallest bilateral tariff line trade flows
Simple Simple average of MFN duties based only on tariff lines with imports
MFN Average
of traded TL
Weighted Trade-weighted average MFN duty
Trade-weighted average difference between the MFN duty and the most
Preference margin Weighted advantageous preferential duty. Tariff lines where either MFN or preferential
duties cannot be expressed in ad valorem terms have been excluded.
Duty-free tariff lines in per cent of all bilateral trade flows; includes duty-
TL in % free preferential treatment. Partially duty-free subheadings are taken
into account on a pro rata basis if tariff line imports are not available.
Duty-free imports
Share of duty-free trade in per cent of all bilateral trade flows; includes
Value in % duty-free preferential treatment. Partially duty-free subheadings are taken
into account on a pro rata basis if tariff line imports are not available.

39
Definition of groups used in part A.2
Product Group MTN 1 Harmonized System nomenclature 2017
Agricultural products (Ag)
Animal products 17 Ch. 01, Ch. 02, 1601-02
Dairy products 21 0401-06
12 Ch. 07, Ch. 08, 1105-06, 2001-08

Fruit, vegetables,
plants
19 0601-03, 1211, Ch. 13, Ch. 14
Coffee, tea 13 0901-03, Ch. 18 (except 1802), 2101
x15 0407-10, 1101-04, 1107-09, Ch. 19, 2102-06, 2209

Cereals and
preparations
16 Ch. 10
Oilseeds, fats
18 1201-08, Ch. 15 (except 150410, 150420), 2304-06, 3823
and oils
Sugars and
14 Ch. 17
confectionery
20 2009, 2201-08
Beverages and
tobacco
22 Ch. 24
Cotton x23 5201-5203
x15 0904-10
Other agricultural
products Ch.05 (except 0508, 051191), 0604, 1209-10, 1212-14, 1802,
x23 230110, 2302-03, 2307-09, 290543-45, 3301, 3501-05, 380910,
382460, 4101-03, 4301, 5001-03, 5101-03, 5301-02
1. Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTN) categories were first defined in the Tokyo Round and adapted for the Harmonized System in the Uruguay Round.
The product group breakdown in this publication deviates slightly from the previous definition, which was based on the HS 1992 nomenclature.

40
Definition of groups used in part A.2
Product Group MTN Harmonized System nomenclature 2017
Non-agricultural products (Non-Ag)
Fish and fish

11 Ch. 03, 0508, 051191, 150410, 150420, 1603-05, 230120
products
4 2601-17, 2620, Ch. 72-76 (except 7321-22), Ch. 78-83 (except 8304-05)
Minerals and metals
Ch. 25, 2618-19, 2621, 2701-04, 2706- 08, 2711-15, Ch.31, 3403,
9
Ch. 68-71 (except 6807, 701911-19, 701940-59), 911310-20
TARIFF PROFILES
Petroleum 97 2709-10
2705, Ch. 28-30 (except 290543-45, 300590), Ch. 32- 33 (except

Chemicals 2 5 3301, 330620) , Ch. 34 (except 3403, 3406), 3506-07, 3601-04,
Ch. 37-39 (except 380910, 3823, 382460, 392112-13, 392190)
Wood, paper, etc. 1 Ch.44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 9401-04 (except 940490), 961900
300590, 330620, 392112-13, 392190, 420212, 420222, 420232,

420292, Ch. 50-60 (except 5001-03, 5101-03, 5201-03, 5301-02),
Textiles x2
Ch. 63, 640520, 640610, 6501-05, 6601, 701911-19,
701940-59, 870821, 8804, 911390, 940490, 961210
Clothing x2 Ch. 61-62
Leather, Ch. 40, Ch. 41 (except 4101-4103), 4201-05 (except 420212, 420222,
3
footwear, etc. 420232, 420292), 4302-04, Ch. 64 (except 640520, 640610), 9605
Non-electrical 7321-22, Ch. 84 (except 846721-29), 850860,

7
machinery 852842, 852852, 852862, 8608, 8709
846721-29, Ch. 85 (except 850860, 852842, 852852,

Electrical machinery 8
852862, 8519-8523 but including 852352)
Ch. 86 (except 8608), 8701-08 (except 870821),

Transport equipment 6
8711-14, 8716, 8801-03, Ch. 89
2716, 3406, 3605-06, 4206, Ch. 46, 6506-07, 6602-03, Ch. 67, 6807,
Manufactures, not
10 8304-05, 8519-23 (excluding 852352), 8710, 8715, 8805, Ch. 90‑93
elsewhere specified
(except 9113), 9405-06, Ch. 95-97 (except 9605, 961210 , 961900)
2. The part of HS subheading 330210 which relates to products originally classified as agricultural has not been taken into account in the Chemicals
product group.

41
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Part A.1 Tariffs and imports: Summary and duty ranges

Summary Total Ag Non-Ag WTO member since 2016
Simple average final bound 13.4 33.8 10.1 Binding coverage: Total 96.7
Simple average MFN applied Non-Ag 96.1
Trade weighted average Ag: Tariff quotas (in %) 0
Imports in billion US$ Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Frequency distribution
Tariff lines and import values (in %) in %
Final bound 0.4 0.7 18.9 0 19.6 31.0 23.8 0 5.5
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 10.1 26.6 38.5 0.1 10.5 10.3 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Part A.2 Tariffs and imports by product groups

Final bound duties MFN applied duties Imports
Product groups AVG Duty-free Max Binding AVG Duty-free Max Share Duty-free
in % in % in % in % in %
Animal products 30.5 2.7 60 100
Dairy products 31.2 0 40 100
Fruit, vegetables, plants 45.9 0 60 100
Coffee, tea 16.7 0 30 100
Cereals & preparations 36.2 0 60 100
Oilseeds, fats & oils 18.0 0 60 100
Sugars and confectionery 35.3 0 50 100
Beverages & tobacco 57.0 0 70 100
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100
Other agricultural products 22.7 0 60 100
Fish & fish products 6.6 0 30 100
Minerals & metals 11.7 11.5 40 97.0
Petroleum 13.3 0 15 100
Chemicals 6.3 1.0 40 92.9
Wood, paper, etc. 9.9 10.5 30 95.7
Textiles 15.2 0 40 95.4
Clothing 29.9 0 30 100
Leather, footwear, etc. 8.8 5.8 30 78.6
Non-electrical machinery 4.8 22.8 20 100
Electrical machinery 5.7 44.1 30 100
Transport equipment 8.2 24.2 50 90.9
Manufactures, n.e.s. 10.4 17.1 30 99.5
Part B Exports to major trading partners and duties faced

Bilateral imports Diversification MFN AVG of Pref. Duty-free imports
Major markets in million 95% trade in no. of traded TL margin TL Value
US$ HS 2-digit HS 6-digit Simple Weighted Weighted in % in %
1. India 2020 508 5 13 28.6 40.1 40.1 100.0 100.0
2. Pakistan 2020 436 5 21 9.2 7.7 1.3 7.8 45.7
3. China 2020 52 1 2 17.2 23.7 23.7 100.0 100.0
4. United Arab Emirates 2020 32 4 15 3.5 3.3 0.0 30.4 33.3
5. Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2020 27 2 6 4.1 4.4 0.0 23.0 12.9
2. Pakistan 2020 82 4 7 14.5 5.2 1.6 28.1 1.8
3. European Union 2020 14 21 59 5.3 1.7 1.7 99.9 100.0
4. United States of America 2020 10 10 27 3.2 0.4 0.3 78.4 97.8
5. Türkiye 2020 3 6 8 3.6 0.9 0.9 95.5 99.5

42
Albania
Albania

Simple average final bound 6.6 9.7 6.1 Binding coverage: Total 100
Simple average MFN applied 2021 3.6 7.7 3.0 Non-Ag 100
Trade weighted average 2020 3.6 7.0 2.9 Ag: Tariff quotas (in %) 0
Imports in billion US$ 2020 4.2 0.7 3.6 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 10.2 19.1 53.2 0.0 17.5 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 12.1 21.5 52.2 14.2 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 21.7 21.5 39.1 17.7 0 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 36.3 29.5 17.4 2.0 14.8 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 60.0 17.3 13.4 9.3 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 63.6 9.8 18.6 8.0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 9.4 0.1 20 100 7.9 4.2 15 1.5 3.6
Dairy products 10.0 0 15 100 9.9 0 15 0.5 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 11.8 0 20 100 10.4 0 15 2.8 0
Coffee, tea 14.2 0 20 100 10.9 8.3 15 1.3 21.8
Cereals & preparations 8.8 1.1 20 100 7.0 6.4 15 5.2 29.1
Oilseeds, fats & oils 2.8 67.5 10 100 2.3 67.5 10 1.1 89.7
Sugars and confectionery 7.2 0 10 100 5.4 5.9 10 0.7 0
Beverages & tobacco 13.8 25.5 20 100 9.6 26.0 15 2.3 27.7
Cotton 5.0 0 5 100 2.0 0 2 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 9.5 4.4 20 100 6.1 5.7 15 0.9 2.8
Fish & fish products 0.0 99.7 10 100 0.0 99.8 10 0.9 100.0
Minerals & metals 6.5 42.0 20 100 4.7 42.2 15 12.5 50.7
Petroleum 8.8 0 10 100 5.7 38.4 10 5.8 33.3
Chemicals 3.6 34.6 10 100 1.4 55.8 10 14.0 46.2
Wood, paper, etc. 0.4 96.0 20 100 0.3 96.1 15 5.3 97.7
Textiles 9.1 0.3 20 100 4.6 41.2 15 6.8 58.8
Clothing 17.5 0 18 100 0.0 100.0 0 5.6 100.0
Leather, footwear, etc. 13.6 3.5 20 100 8.7 26.6 15 5.3 60.9
Non-electrical machinery 3.6 31.8 10 100 0.5 89.7 10 7.9 73.7
Electrical machinery 4.1 47.6 10 100 2.8 64.6 10 7.1 51.1
Transport equipment 8.5 11.7 20 100 2.8 50.2 15 8.0 86.1
Manufactures, n.e.s. 9.8 37.0 20 100 7.2 38.2 15 4.8 71.6

1. European Union 2020 103 19 57 15.3 10.2 10.2 95.4 99.9
3. Serbia 2020 23 3 14 17.4 23.6 23.6 100.0 100.0
4. Bosnia and Herzegovina 2020 10 4 18 11.4 13.7 13.7 100.0 100.0
5. North Macedonia 2020 9 10 22 25.3 47.5 47.5 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 1,324 43 314 4.7 6.0 5.6 99.4 97.7
2. China 2020 82 11 31 6.6 1.7 0.0 6.1 72.0
3. North Macedonia 2020 70 20 30 9.9 3.4 3.4 100.0 100.0
4. Montenegro 2020 38 17 42 4.6 3.4 3.4 100.0 100.0
5. Serbia 2020 26 21 56 14.8 7.7 7.7 100.0 100.0

43
Algeria
Algeria

Summary Total Ag Non-Ag Non-WTO member
Simple average final bound Binding coverage: Total
Simple average MFN applied 2021 19.0 23.6 18.2 Non-Ag
Trade weighted average Ag: Tariff quotas (in %)
Imports in billion US$ Ag: Special safeguards (in % )
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0.4 20.2 0 9.4 0 69.3 0.6 0 0
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 1.5 22.8 0 37.5 0 38.2 0.0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 27.9 0 30
Dairy products 22.7 0 30
Fruit, vegetables, plants 25.8 0 60
Coffee, tea 26.5 0 30
Cereals & preparations 23.6 2.2 60
Oilseeds, fats & oils 19.1 1.1 30
Sugars and confectionery 23.8 0 30
Beverages & tobacco 28.1 0 60
Cotton 5.0 0 5
Other agricultural products 18.1 0.2 30
Fish & fish products 29.7 0.1 30
Minerals & metals 16.5 1.1 30
Petroleum 18.7 32.5 30
Chemicals 14.5 0.2 30
Wood, paper, etc. 18.9 0 30
Textiles 23.9 0.2 30
Clothing 30.0 0 30
Leather, footwear, etc. 19.1 0.6 30
Non-electrical machinery 9.6 0.1 60
Electrical machinery 18.6 0 60
Transport equipment 12.0 21.6 30
Manufactures, n.e.s. 21.0 6.9 30

1. European Union 2020 96 11 15 15.1 11.9 2.7 38.9 47.3
2. Jordan 2020 73 1 1 22.2 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
3. Mauritania 2020 38 2 2 17.5 5.3 0.0 6.7 0.5
4. Morocco 2020 31 3 3 19.9 37.3 37.3 100.0 100.0
5. Türkiye 2020 30 2 2 40.1 118.8 0.0 37.5 0.7
1. European Union 2020 10,404 3 9 4.3 0.5 0.5 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 1,111 1 5 5.8 4.1 0.0 15.1 29.0
3. Korea, Republic of 2020 904 1 2 7.4 1.5 0.0 11.6 52.7
4. Brazil 2020 770 2 3 2.3 0.0 0.0 58.3 99.4
5. Singapore 2020 729 1 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

44
Angola
Angola

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 1.3 4.3 0 0 94.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 28.3 7.6 16.3 0 10.1 32.0 5.7 0 0
Imports 2019 13.0 1.7 31.6 0 25.4 24.5 3.8 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 46.3 14.9 16.8 0.0 7.0 15.0 0 0 0
Imports 2019 46.1 24.7 10.7 0.0 4.1 14.4 0 0 0

Animal products 53.4 0 55 100 15.0 28.8 40 3.7 1.0
Dairy products 55.0 0 55 100 17.7 1.6 50 1.6 0.0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 50.6 0 55 100 35.5 10.7 50 0.9 15.7
Coffee, tea 55.0 0 55 100 23.3 4.2 50 0.2 0.0
Cereals & preparations 53.2 0 55 100 20.6 32.9 50 7.1 28.9
Oilseeds, fats & oils 49.2 0 60 100 4.2 47.0 30 2.8 5.9
Sugars and confectionery 55.0 0 55 100 12.4 23.5 50 1.7 0.3
Beverages & tobacco 55.0 0 55 100 57.4 3.0 70 1.1 1.7
Cotton 55.0 0 55 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Other agricultural products 55.1 0 60 100 5.9 56.3 50 0.4 26.4
Fish & fish products 60.0 0 60 100 25.1 0.4 30 0.6 0.0
Minerals & metals 60.4 0 80 100 11.9 39.3 50 8.0 25.8
Petroleum 63.3 0 80 100 4.0 33.3 10 14.0 0.0
Chemicals 60.0 0 60 100 4.6 79.7 50 10.1 64.0
Wood, paper, etc. 60.0 0 60 100 22.7 25.8 50 4.3 16.2
Textiles 60.4 0 80 100 6.1 32.2 50 1.7 21.2
Clothing 60.0 0 60 100 10.9 0 20 0.7 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 60.0 0 60 100 9.2 27.9 50 1.8 32.2
Non-electrical machinery 60.0 0 60 100 2.2 86.4 50 13.5 81.9
Electrical machinery 60.0 0 60 100 5.7 44.2 50 5.4 31.2
Transport equipment 60.0 0 60 100 5.5 52.3 50 17.2 74.2
Manufactures, n.e.s. 60.0 0 60 100 9.4 27.2 50 3.3 45.0

1. Morocco 2020 10 1 1 6.3 2.5 0.0 50.0 0.4
2. European Union 2020 8 4 6 6.3 13.2 13.2 87.5 100.0
3. Türkiye 2020 3 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Democratic Republic of the Congo 2020 2 12 24 13.2 16.3 0.0 5.4 4.7
5. South Africa 2020 0 2 2 14.6 4.8 0.0 53.3 5.2
1. China 2020 18,485 1 1 3.0 0.1 0.1 98.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 2,176 2 3 3.5 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
3. India 2020 1,880 1 2 7.5 1.5 0.0 2.7 0.0
4. Thailand 2020 1,258 1 1 6.8 0.0 0.0 96.0 100.0
5. United Arab Emirates 2020 1,018 1 1 4.0 0.1 0.0 20.8 97.0

45
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda

Simple average MFN applied 2021 9.9 16.3 8.9 Non-Ag 94.4
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 84.8 14.5 0
MFN applied 2021 24.5 23.8 2.1 4.1 16.2 29.4 0 0 0
Imports 2019 15.5 10.8 2.6 1.5 44.7 25.0 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 91.5 1.9 1.0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.8 63.6 3.0 4.3 17.9 3.2 0.2 0 0.1
Imports 2019 2.5 36.7 6.4 10.3 32.4 11.7 0.0 0 0

Animal products 103.0 0 130 100 19.9 22.2 40 4.8 46.0
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.7 37.5 20 2.1 41.1
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 18.4 0 40 0.6 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 101.4 0 156 98.8 18.2 19.0 40 0.7 1.2
Sugars and confectionery 100.0 0 100 100 19.5 0 40 0.5 0
Beverages & tobacco 110.8 0 182 100 20.0 0 45 6.1 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 100.0 0 100 0.8 23.0 17.0 40 1.6 18.8
Minerals & metals 51.8 0 120 100 6.8 17.1 30 17.1 0.9
Petroleum 102.7 0 120 100 4.5 37.2 25 0.5 0.7
Chemicals 50.5 0 190 100 6.5 4.0 20 10.1 4.4
Wood, paper, etc. 52.2 0 153 100 9.3 14.5 50 8.9 3.7
Textiles 50.2 0 113 100 7.2 2.1 30 1.7 1.4
Clothing 50.2 0 93 100 19.8 0 20 1.6 0

1. Senegal 2020 2 3 3 16.4 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. South Africa 2020 1 2 2 7.5 10.4 0.0 50.0 4.8
4. European Union 2020 0 6 6 4.8 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
5. Mali 0 2 2 7.5 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. Suriname 2019 22 1 1 5.0 9.2 9.2 100.0 100.0
2. Dominican Republic 2020 19 1 1 5.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Norway 2020 4 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Côte d'Ivoire 2 1 1 13.8 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

46
Argentina
Argentina

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.2 3.7 0.5 0.5 6.2 89.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.3 6.9 56.6 14.1 13.1 2.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 3.0 1.3 71.9 10.9 10.8 2.1 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0.1 0.3 1.4 20.2 78.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 6.3 16.0 13.1 26.4 23.7 14.6 0 0 0
Imports 2020 18.5 11.3 8.6 26.1 23.7 11.7 0 0 0

Animal products 26.7 0 35 100 8.3 6.5 16 0.3 16.7
Dairy products 35.0 0 35 100 18.3 0 28 0.0 0
Coffee, tea 34.2 0 35 100 14.3 0 35 0.7 0
Beverages & tobacco 34.7 0 35 100 17.6 2.7 35 0.3 0
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 6.4 0 8 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 33.8 0 35 100 10.0 7.5 35 13.9 35.6
Petroleum 33.6 0 35 100 0.1 97.2 6 2.1 95.5
Chemicals 21.5 0 35 100 7.8 1.8 35 23.2 7.7
Wood, paper, etc. 30.1 0 35 100 10.6 3.4 35 2.9 4.2
Textiles 34.9 0 35 100 23.2 0.1 35 2.6 0.2
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 35.0 0.1 35 0.6 0

1. China 2020 6,238 6 10 11.6 7.1 0.0 8.0 0.2
2. European Union 2020 4,887 19 46 16.6 6.3 0.0 13.0 70.1
3. Viet Nam 2020 3,275 2 3 11.1 14.6 0.0 32.7 48.8
4. Brazil 2020 3,025 16 41 11.6 14.2 14.2 100.0 100.0
5. India 2020 2,218 1 2 42.9 34.7 0.0 21.3 0.8
1. Brazil 2020 4,762 32 150 14.2 23.0 23.0 100.0 100.0
2. United States of America 2020 2,600 28 99 3.2 0.5 0.4 83.3 75.1
3. European Union 2020 2,496 33 95 4.5 5.5 0.0 19.1 25.8
4. Paraguay 2020 1,572 30 198 9.4 3.4 2.9 98.9 97.0
5. Chile 2020 1,511 40 273 6.0 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0

47
Armenia
Armenia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.3 0.4 1.1 97.2 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 10.4 39.8 20.2 28.8 0.5 0.4 0.0 0 23.2
Imports 2020 9.2 36.3 20.1 27.9 2.9 3.6 0.1 0 38.5
Final bound 40.9 7.0 6.9 45.2 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 16.9 42.5 29.2 10.7 0.6 0 0 0 6.8
Imports 2020 32.1 32.9 27.2 7.5 0.2 0 0 0 6.1

Animal products 15.0 0 15 100 11.5 17.5 80 1.6 8.4
Dairy products 15.0 0 15 100 14.7 0 15 1.3 0
Coffee, tea 14.2 0 15 100 5.3 29.2 15 1.6 33.4
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.2 45.8 15 100 7.2 8.2 20 24.5 48.6
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 100 4.4 12.7 5 5.4 0
Chemicals 0.3 96.4 15 100 4.5 10.5 10 11.4 3.3
Wood, paper, etc. 3.4 75.4 15 100 7.9 5.8 15 4.5 1.2
Textiles 9.2 5.1 15 100 7.5 1.0 18 2.9 0.5
Clothing 15.0 0 15 100 7.9 0 18 2.8 0

1. Russian Federation 2020 329 12 62 11.0 22.6 22.6 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 17 9 30 17.4 12.0 10.2 64.4 87.6
3. Georgia 2020 15 13 31 8.8 10.2 10.2 100.0 100.0
4. Ukraine 2020 14 5 9 9.7 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0
5. Belarus 2020 13 4 7 9.6 12.9 12.9 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 923 1 2 6.4 0.3 0.0 7.1 96.4
3. European Union 2020 296 4 6 4.5 2.3 2.3 99.6 100.0
4. Switzerland 2020 176 2 3 2.0 0.2 0.1 65.8 97.3
5. India 2020 96 1 1 10.4 12.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

48
Australia
Australia

Trade weighted average 2020 2.6 2.4 2.6 Ag: Tariff quotas (in %) 0.9
Imports in billion US$ 2020 199.3 14.5 184.8 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 0.8
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 33.1 44.0 16.1 3.7 2.8 0.3 0 0 1.6
MFN applied 2021 76.8 22.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.9
Imports 2020 52.2 44.5 0.1 2.3 0.8 0 0 0 3.3
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 22.0 17.9 26.3 16.1 7.5 4.6 2.4 0 0.9
MFN applied 2021 48.0 52.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 46.3 53.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 1.3 64.9 16 100 0.4 92.8 5 0.4 89.0
Dairy products 3.7 23.8 22 100 3.2 76.2 22 0.5 52.6
Fruit, vegetables, plants 3.5 26.2 29 100 1.4 71.2 5 1.1 51.7
Coffee, tea 3.9 50.0 17 100 1.0 79.2 5 0.7 69.1
Cotton 1.2 40.0 2 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 6.7 22.1 45 97.7 2.7 45.5 5 11.9 49.7
Petroleum 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 7.6 100.0
Chemicals 9.0 9.2 55 100 1.7 66.0 5 11.9 52.1
Wood, paper, etc. 6.9 26.6 55 100 3.3 34.9 5 4.0 13.2
Textiles 18.3 13.5 55 89.9 4.2 16.4 5 2.8 7.7
Clothing 41.4 6.7 55 94.0 4.6 8.1 5 3.2 2.2
Leather, footwear, etc. 15.2 10.0 55 85.5 4.1 17.6 5 2.6 2.3
Non-electrical machinery 8.1 21.2 50 96.2 2.7 45.3 5 15.2 43.0
Electrical machinery 9.1 38.7 45 98.8 2.4 51.0 5 12.0 69.1
Transport equipment 12.6 10.7 40 99.2 3.4 32.2 5 13.7 14.4
Manufactures, n.e.s. 5.5 42.5 40 98.7 1.3 74.5 5 7.1 69.2

1. China 2020 4,910 15 26 13.1 21.3 6.3 79.0 43.9
2. Japan 2020 3,754 20 52 23.7 41.1 26.3 54.9 38.6
4. Korea, Republic of 2020 2,469 15 33 50.2 36.0 17.4 45.1 36.3
5. Indonesia 2020 1,827 16 28 12.3 6.1 2.0 85.9 49.5
1. China 2020 103,408 7 16 5.7 0.2 0.2 96.5 99.9
2. Japan 2020 32,083 6 14 1.8 0.1 0.0 95.7 98.9
5. India 2020 7,993 10 16 10.5 3.9 0.0 4.9 0.7

49
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan

Trade weighted average 2020 8.2 10.9 7.6 Ag: Tariff quotas (in %)
Imports in billion US$ 2020 10.2 1.9 8.3 Ag: Special safeguards (in % )
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 12.1 10.2 0.4 71.0 1.2 2.4 1.1 0.6 7.7
Imports 2020 30.3 11.2 2.9 50.0 0.4 3.0 1.9 0.4 10.4
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 37.1 20.5 0.1 41.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.9
Imports 2020 28.5 22.6 0.0 42.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 6.0

Animal products 14.8 11.6 68 1.7 14.8
Dairy products 13.6 0 15 1.4 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 14.9 3.4 117 2.5 0.9
Coffee, tea 14.6 0 15 1.4 0
Cereals & preparations 13.8 17.7 132 5.7 57.4
Oilseeds, fats & oils 8.0 38.6 15 2.3 62.6
Sugars and confectionery 13.5 5.9 15 1.4 38.2
Beverages & tobacco 29.9 0.4 131 1.5 0.0
Cotton 15.0 0 15 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 9.9 15.6 15 0.5 6.9
Fish & fish products 7.2 19.6 15 0.3 8.8
Minerals & metals 8.5 28.7 186 14.9 12.3
Petroleum 11.6 22.8 15 2.6 24.2
Chemicals 3.2 73.0 15 13.2 53.5
Wood, paper, etc. 9.9 14.1 15 5.8 2.5
Textiles 12.2 9.0 223 2.3 6.1
Clothing 15.0 0 15 2.0 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 12.1 17.8 30 1.9 5.2
Non-electrical machinery 2.8 69.6 15 15.5 43.5
Electrical machinery 8.0 24.8 15 9.4 7.5
Transport equipment 3.6 57.9 15 10.0 42.6
Manufactures, n.e.s. 9.7 27.3 15 3.7 44.0

2. Türkiye 2020 141 4 4 8.7 0.6 0.0 56.0 96.3
3. European Union 2020 60 3 5 16.8 3.6 0.0 9.9 2.2
4. Ukraine 2020 25 7 14 9.7 9.6 9.6 100.0 100.0
5. Georgia 2020 22 17 39 9.1 9.0 9.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 7,221 1 1 4.4 0.0 0.0 26.2 99.2
2. China 2020 903 2 2 5.8 0.3 0.0 14.8 94.9
3. Georgia 2020 485 7 16 1.5 0.7 0.7 100.0 100.0
4. Ukraine 2020 292 3 7 3.7 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0
5. Viet Nam 2020 257 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

50
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Bahrain, Kingdom of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 96.4 1.3 2.1 0
MFN applied 2021 26.4 70.8 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.9 1.3
Imports 2020 33.0 62.0 0 0 0 0 0.2 4.8 5.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 2.3 0 0 0 0 63.2 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 14.4 85.2 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 35.0 0 35 100 3.1 36.5 5 2.4 25.8
Dairy products 35.0 0 35 100 5.0 0 5 2.0 0
Coffee, tea 35.0 0 35 100 2.9 41.7 5 0.6 22.3
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 5.0 0 5 0.1 0
Minerals & metals 34.9 0.3 35 70.9 5.0 2.3 20 20.9 5.5
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 66.7 5.0 0 5 0.4 0
Chemicals 34.8 0.6 35 18.1 4.5 11.5 20 17.1 17.1
Wood, paper, etc. 37.3 0 100 29.4 5.0 5.0 20 3.1 5.2
Textiles 35.0 0 35 98.0 5.0 0.2 20 1.5 1.6
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 5.0 0 5 1.8 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 35.0 0 35 37.7 5.0 0 5 1.3 0

3. Kuwait, the State of 2020 65 9 20 4.7 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
4. Australia 2020 10 1 1 4.7 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
5. Mauritius 2020 9 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2020 1,631 23 71 6.1 7.8 7.8 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 753 10 15 4.4 3.8 0.0 21.9 27.8
4. Malaysia 2020 730 2 5 6.5 0.4 0.0 59.4 98.0

51
Bangladesh
Bangladesh

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.0 1.7 0.2 6.5 0 91.5 0
MFN applied 2021 8.9 13.9 15.3 1.1 60.7 0 0 0 0.7
Imports
Final bound 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.9 2.6 0 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 3.7 31.5 24.7 1.5 38.5 0 0 0 0.4
Imports

Animal products 193.8 0 200 100 19.3 7.7 25
Dairy products 152.5 0 200 100 24.0 0 25
Fruit, vegetables, plants 189.7 0 200 100 21.2 2.1 25
Coffee, tea 187.5 0 200 100 22.5 0 25
Cereals & preparations 186.1 0 200 100 16.3 13.2 25
Oilseeds, fats & oils 172.8 0 200 100 10.3 23.9 25
Sugars and confectionery 172.9 0 200 100 19.8 0 25
Beverages & tobacco 200.0 0 200 100 25.0 0 25
Cotton 200.0 0 200 100 3.5 30.0 5
Other agricultural products 183.4 0 200 100 11.4 15.1 25
Fish & fish products 54.7 0 200 7.6 23.7 4.0 25
Minerals & metals 33.1 7.7 50 1.4 12.8 5.4 25
Petroleum - - - 0 15.7 0 25
Chemicals 46.5 0 200 4.8 9.8 6.3 25
Wood, paper, etc. 34.6 0 50 5.5 14.8 7.9 25
Textiles 37.5 0 50 0.7 19.5 0.1 25
Clothing - - - 0 24.4 0 25
Leather, footwear, etc. 3.0 0 3 0.6 14.3 0.6 25
Non-electrical machinery 44.0 0 50 7.3 4.0 1.1 25
Electrical machinery 43.3 0 50 2.8 13.6 0.5 25
Transport equipment 20.1 0 50 10.1 11.9 9.8 25
Manufactures, n.e.s. 23.8 0 50 10.6 12.8 3.1 25

1. India 2020 248 6 9 36.1 30.9 30.9 98.4 100.0
3. European Union 2020 48 17 53 15.5 10.7 10.7 100.0 100.0
5. China 2020 30 4 4 10.9 18.9 18.9 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 15,558 11 97 5.8 11.7 11.7 100.0 100.0
3. Japan 2020 1,305 21 100 9.2 9.8 9.7 97.4 99.0
4. Canada 2020 1,168 11 89 8.1 16.8 16.8 100.0 100.0
5. China 2020 900 24 96 6.3 6.3 6.2 99.6 99.7

52
Barbados
Barbados

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 81.4 18.5 0
MFN applied 2021 18.8 30.5 1.7 3.3 10.1 27.0 1.3 7.3 1.7
Imports 2020 14.9 12.4 0.7 6.2 33.9 18.0 5.9 8.0 3.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 90.7 3.7 0
MFN applied 2021 16.5 56.1 3.1 3.8 15.4 4.6 0.4 0.2 0.1
Imports 2020 31.7 36.2 4.5 8.7 16.1 2.2 0.0 0.6 0.0

Animal products 131.6 0 184 100 54.1 22.3 184 2.2 20.5
Dairy products 117.6 0 141 100 32.3 21.4 141 1.6 9.9
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 15.1 8.3 40 0.7 1.2
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 72.8 0 158 100 7.3 18.3 60 8.1 16.0
Petroleum 143.3 0 158 100 3.4 35.5 25 16.4 70.8
Chemicals 70.4 0 122 100 5.7 14.7 40 12.8 8.3
Wood, paper, etc. 70.0 0 70 100 8.6 18.5 20 6.3 12.3
Textiles 70.0 0 70 100 6.3 18.2 30 1.6 2.9
Clothing 70.2 0 117 100 19.2 5.3 117 0.9 7.5

2. European Union 2020 17 1 4 8.5 8.2 8.2 95.9 99.9
3. Canada 2020 11 2 3 12.0 1.1 1.0 92.3 99.9
4. Jamaica 2020 6 5 6 21.7 11.9 11.9 100.0 100.0
5. Saint Lucia 2019 6 8 19 21.1 17.5 17.5 100.0 100.0
1. Guyana 2020 27 8 12 14.5 14.7 14.6 99.0 99.0
2. Jamaica 2020 18 7 9 12.2 8.5 8.5 100.0 100.0
4. China 2020 15 2 2 0.7 3.6 0.0 87.5 10.4
5. Dominica 2019 8 25 84 13.8 15.9 15.9 100.0 100.0

53
Belarus
Belarus

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 10.0 39.8 20.3 22.8 4.6 0.9 1.5 0.3 24.1
Imports 2020 18.0 34.6 21.0 22.0 3.6 0.2 0.5 0.0 41.2
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 16.9 42.2 29.5 10.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0 6.8
Imports 2020 41.1 29.7 22.8 5.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0 4.2

Animal products 18.8 14.8 80 0.5 11.4
Coffee, tea 5.4 29.2 13 1.0 15.5
Sugars and confectionery 13.8 0 67 0.3 0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.3 8.2 20 21.3 47.8
Petroleum 4.4 12.7 5 12.9 91.0
Chemicals 4.5 10.5 10 14.2 9.7
Wood, paper, etc. 7.8 5.8 16 3.3 3.0
Textiles 7.5 1.0 18 3.4 1.4
Clothing 7.9 0 18 1.0 0

1. Russian Federation 2020 3,914 19 112 13.1 19.4 19.4 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 335 5 9 12.7 8.8 0.0 1.3 0.0
3. European Union 2020 253 19 47 15.6 6.5 0.0 15.2 26.6
4. Kazakhstan 2020 225 13 40 15.9 32.2 32.2 100.0 100.0
5. Ukraine 2020 88 15 52 10.0 11.0 11.0 100.0 100.0
1. Russian Federation 2020 8,684 62 1,037 6.3 7.7 7.7 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 3,767 51 313 4.3 2.0 0.0 22.8 59.8
3. Ukraine 2020 2,785 43 207 4.4 2.9 2.9 100.0 100.0
4. China 2020 687 10 12 5.5 2.6 0.0 16.2 31.3
5. Brazil 2020 541 1 1 16.4 0.2 0.0 8.8 98.8

54
Belize
Belize

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 83.5 15.8 0
MFN applied 2021 17.3 32.1 1.8 3.0 7.5 31.7 4.0 2.6 3.3
Imports 2020 41.3 6.7 0.3 1.4 11.0 4.0 7.4 27.8 28.8
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 87.9 6.4 1.0 0
MFN applied 2021 10.1 60.0 2.7 3.7 15.9 7.4 0.2 0 0.0
Imports 2020 28.4 29.1 5.7 10.4 21.2 5.0 0.1 0 1.3

Animal products 104.1 0 110 100 30.2 11.8 45 1.3 88.2
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.4 40.5 20 2.6 55.1
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 9.4 31.3 40 0.9 89.8
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0 0
Minerals & metals 50.2 0 110 100 7.4 17.7 50 14.4 28.7
Petroleum 66.7 0 70 100 3.9 60.8 25 8.6 86.2
Chemicals 50.1 0 100 100 5.9 12.7 35 12.0 25.9
Wood, paper, etc. 52.2 0 70 100 15.2 6.9 65 4.9 32.9
Textiles 50.9 0 70 100 7.2 0.8 30 2.5 8.9
Clothing 70.0 0 70 100 19.9 0 40 3.0 0

1. European Union 2020 53 7 7 12.3 51.9 51.9 100.0 100.0
3. Jamaica 2020 9 3 4 16.5 25.7 25.7 100.0 100.0
4. Guatemala 2020 3 4 6 8.7 4.4 0.0 26.7 66.7
5. Australia 2020 3 2 2 0.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Bahrain, Kingdom of 2020 55 1 1 4.3 5.0 0.0 14.3 0.0
2. European Union 2020 23 3 10 5.5 15.0 15.0 100.0 100.0
4. Côte d'Ivoire 5 1 3 11.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. China 2020 4 2 2 4.6 8.3 0.0 34.2 2.5

55
Benin
Benin

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.7 1.3 0 0.1 0 97.7 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 4.2 52.7 0 20.9 22.2 0 0 0
Final bound 0.9 11.5 6.4 5.0 3.8 1.2 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 9.6 31.3 32.8 0 24.8 1.5 0 0 0

Animal products 60.0 0 60 100 24.5 0 35 3.2 0
Dairy products 37.3 0 60 100 17.2 0 35 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 60.0 0 60 100 18.5 0 35 0.2 0
Cereals & preparations 59.7 0 100 100 13.6 0 35 20.0 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 78.5 0 100 98.8 11.1 0 35 2.7 0
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 60.3 0 100 100 9.6 0 20 0.4 0
Fish & fish products 8.6 41.4 60 11.2 16.0 0 20 4.4 0
Minerals & metals 28.4 5.7 50 11.7 11.6 2.0 20 14.0 8.3
Petroleum 7.5 0 10 83.3 7.7 19.0 10 13.2 0.0
Chemicals 24.6 0 60 1.5 7.2 4.8 35 10.4 47.6
Wood, paper, etc. 5.8 0 15 4.3 11.2 4.6 20 1.8 6.6
Textiles 18.4 0 25 26.3 16.1 0.3 35 3.4 0.8
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.6 20.0 0 20 0.1 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 16.5 0 25 25.3 12.3 1.3 20 1.0 2.6
Non-electrical machinery 5.3 4.3 25 90.9 6.8 0 20 4.7 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 7.2 0 15 2.9 14.2 2.1 20 4.9 0.1

1. India 2020 293 3 3 19.5 12.9 12.3 87.5 98.0
2. China 2020 63 3 3 11.6 17.5 17.5 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 15 6 10 8.2 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
4. Niger 2020 12 6 8 17.4 13.3 13.3 100.0 100.0
5. Türkiye 2020 5 4 5 4.4 3.4 0.0 66.7 65.8
2. Mali 104 1 2 15.4 7.3 7.3 100.0 100.0
3. India 2020 33 1 2 6.5 8.3 8.3 91.7 99.8
4. Niger 2020 27 9 17 15.1 18.5 18.5 100.0 100.0
5. Burkina Faso 2020 20 2 4 14.7 9.2 9.2 100.0 100.0

56
Bhutan
Bhutan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 10.7 0 85.2 0 0 0.4 3.7 0 0
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 8.7 0.1 90.6 0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0 0.2
Imports

Animal products 8.0 19.8 10
Fruit, vegetables, plants 9.6 7.1 50
Cotton 10.0 0 10
Petroleum 10.0 0 10
Wood, paper, etc. 9.6 4.4 10
Clothing 10.0 0 10
Electrical machinery 8.4 16.4 10

1. India 2020 10 5 12 37.1 53.0 38.4 97.6 85.4
2. Japan 2020 1 2 2 1.0 1.2 1.2 100.0 100.0
3. Switzerland 2020 0 3 4 2.4 1.1 1.1 100.0 100.0
4. Angola 2019 0 1 1 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Singapore 2020 0 6 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. India 2020 423 4 9 9.8 33.2 33.2 100.0 100.0
2. Nepal 2020 8 1 2 9.3 5.1 0.1 10.0 1.0
3. European Union 2020 7 1 2 3.6 5.6 5.6 100.0 100.0
4. Türkiye 2020 1 1 2 5.0 5.6 5.6 100.0 100.0
5. Singapore 2020 1 4 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

57
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
Bolivia, Plurinational State of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 1.8 9.6 46.0 20.5 19.2 3.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0.8 1.2 70.7 7.0 13.4 6.8 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.0 32.3 28.9 10.1 13.3 7.4 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 21.9 15.5 52.2 4.4 2.3 3.5 0 0 0.2

Animal products 39.7 0 40 100 12.7 4.5 20 0.3 3.7
Dairy products 40.0 0 40 100 14.0 0 20 0.4 0
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 15.7 0 40 0.7 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 40.0 0 40 100 11.8 2.4 20 0.5 0
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 11.0 0 15 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 40.0 0 40 100 17.2 0 20 0.3 0
Minerals & metals 40.0 0 40 100 9.1 3.0 40 12.8 6.6
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 9.8 1.0 15 12.6 76.9
Chemicals 40.0 0 40 100 6.9 2.9 20 18.9 4.9
Wood, paper, etc. 40.0 0 40 100 14.1 2.5 40 4.0 3.5
Textiles 40.0 0 40 100 17.7 0 40 2.7 0
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 40.0 0 40 0.4 0

1. Peru 2020 468 7 11 2.8 0.5 0.5 100.0 100.0
2. Colombia 2020 323 5 9 18.3 19.5 19.5 100.0 100.0
3. Ecuador 2020 255 2 4 15.4 17.3 17.3 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 148 11 15 8.4 2.2 1.9 59.2 98.1
1. India 2020 1,159 1 1 8.3 12.5 0.0 3.7 0.0
2. Brazil 2020 1,058 2 2 9.1 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0
3. Argentina 2020 980 1 1 15.2 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
5. China 2020 341 5 9 4.0 0.6 0.0 38.1 86.6

58
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 37.2 29.2 10.8 4.8 6.6 9.1 2.1 0.2 21.6
Imports 2020 10.5 27.1 13.9 5.1 19.0 21.2 3.1 0.0 45.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 30.9 31.4 29.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.1
Imports 2020 27.1 27.7 33.4 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0

Animal products 24.7 18.8 129 2.4 1.2
Coffee, tea 6.3 43.8 29 1.7 2.6
Beverages & tobacco 23.5 0 49 2.3 0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 4.9 36.8 52 18.3 29.1
Petroleum 2.6 73.6 10 5.7 74.3
Chemicals 3.1 53.4 20 14.8 40.0
Wood, paper, etc. 5.1 32.1 15 5.4 20.8
Textiles 8.9 4.5 15 5.0 5.1
Clothing 15.0 0 15 2.7 0

1. European Union 2020 195 28 169 17.4 15.8 15.6 87.9 97.4
2. Türkiye 2020 86 8 11 28.2 81.5 3.9 88.6 17.5
3. Serbia 2020 86 19 60 21.8 22.7 22.7 100.0 100.0
4. Montenegro 2020 36 16 40 12.2 22.8 22.8 99.4 99.9
5. North Macedonia 2020 32 15 32 21.2 23.1 23.1 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 3,885 53 416 4.1 3.1 3.1 99.5 99.9
2. Serbia 2020 500 40 172 8.9 5.4 5.4 100.0 100.0
3. Switzerland 2020 120 31 196 2.2 2.8 2.8 100.0 100.0
4. Türkiye 2020 107 22 44 6.1 4.9 4.9 100.0 100.0
5. Montenegro 2020 100 32 125 3.7 1.8 1.8 100.0 100.0

59
Botswana
Botswana

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 21.9 2.5 1.6 1.5 14.4 36.0 19.0 2.9 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.1 13.6 6.5 15.6 6.0 0.9 0.2 13.7
Imports 2020 22.5 16.3 10.1 10.5 29.1 11.4 0.0 0.1 21.5
Final bound 12.8 5.0 22.1 20.0 19.1 13.8 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 65.2 11.8 2.9 5.0 12.7 2.4 0 0.0 11.2

Animal products 37.4 30.6 160 100 11.2 60.4 82 0.4 46.4
Dairy products 20.4 0 37 100 9.4 23.8 30 0.8 71.0
Coffee, tea 65.4 20.8 170 100 7.4 45.8 25 0.4 5.7
Oilseeds, fats & oils 44.9 5.7 81 98.8 7.5 21.1 20 0.9 0.5
Cotton 52.0 0 60 100 4.4 66.7 15 0.1 0.1
Fish & fish products 18.5 50.0 37 1.5 6.4 64.0 30 0.3 81.2
Minerals & metals 11.7 16.1 30 96.0 5.0 62.1 30 37.7 90.8
Petroleum - - - 0 0.7 55.6 15 9.6 1.5
Chemicals 12.3 5.8 30 99.7 2.1 84.5 30 7.9 53.8
Wood, paper, etc. 11.4 16.7 45 100 6.1 62.4 45 3.0 33.6
Textiles 22.2 3.2 30 99.2 16.8 18.7 160 1.0 18.3
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 41.1 1.9 45 0.7 6.5

1. South Africa 2020 61 6 9 10.2 4.6 4.6 100.0 100.0
2. Norway 2020 13 1 2 274.9 260.2 39.3 0.0 0.0
3. European Union 2020 4 3 5 30.9 47.5 47.5 100.0 100.0
4. Namibia 2020 2 9 14 11.7 8.8 8.8 100.0 100.0
5. Zimbabwe 2020 1 3 4 19.5 24.8 24.8 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 1,115 1 2 3.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. India 2020 462 1 2 6.9 10.0 0.0 7.7 0.0
4. Singapore 2020 376 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. South Africa 2020 344 20 43 10.3 4.5 4.5 100.0 100.0

60
Brazil
Brazil

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 2.7 0.0 0.4 1.2 6.5 75.1 14.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.1 6.9 57.3 14.3 13.5 0.8 0 0 0
Imports 2020 2.5 2.0 53.1 20.6 17.2 4.6 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.7 0.1 0.6 2.1 23.9 72.5 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 4.8 16.5 13.1 27.4 24.6 13.6 0 0 0
Imports 2020 19.2 12.9 16.3 27.0 19.2 5.3 0 0 0

Animal products 37.8 5.5 55 100 8.3 6.5 16 0.2 2.4
Dairy products 48.6 0 55 100 18.3 0 28 0.4 0
Coffee, tea 34.1 0 35 100 13.3 0 20 0.3 0
Cotton 55.0 0 55 100 6.4 0 8 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 32.9 0.5 35 100 10.1 6.3 20 16.8 30.7
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 0.1 97.2 6 6.8 99.4
Chemicals 21.2 0.4 35 100 7.7 0.8 18 22.9 2.2
Wood, paper, etc. 28.4 2.5 35 100 10.3 2.6 18 1.1 4.8
Textiles 34.8 0 35 100 23.2 0 35 2.6 0
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 35.0 0 35 0.8 0

1. China 2020 38,062 4 6 13.3 7.5 0.0 3.2 1.8
2. European Union 2020 12,490 18 36 14.9 5.6 0.0 12.7 75.1
4. Japan 2020 3,426 12 15 16.7 7.2 0.0 26.6 64.6
5. Viet Nam 2020 2,133 7 9 17.5 5.9 0.0 15.3 40.0
1. China 2020 65,048 5 12 5.9 0.3 0.0 13.8 91.5
3. European Union 2020 14,283 52 360 4.3 1.0 0.0 22.6 79.4
4. Argentina 2020 7,909 55 641 14.3 15.6 15.6 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2020 4,167 25 70 3.2 0.2 0.0 68.0 97.4

61
Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.9 0.1 0 83.8 11.7 0.1 1.0 2.2
MFN applied 2021 98.9 0.9 0.1 0 0 0.0 0 0 1.1
Imports 2020 99.1 0.3 0.2 0 0 0.4 0 0 0.9
Final bound 0 0 0 0 65.7 29.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 95.3 4.0 0.7 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.1
Imports 2020 91.2 8.7 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 6.7

Animal products 26.9 0 50 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.7 100.0
Dairy products 21.0 0 50 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.7 100.0
Coffee, tea 15.7 0 50 100 0.9 66.7 7 0.4 86.6
Beverages & tobacco 197.4 0 > 1000 66.7 0.0 100.0 0 0.9 100.0
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 20.3 0 40 98.2 0.0 99.6 4 10.5 99.8
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100 0.9 81.1 17 34.7 82.6
Chemicals 20.8 0 50 95.4 0.1 99.3 135 10.2 95.0
Wood, paper, etc. 26.9 0 40 97.2 1.9 62.8 5 2.2 66.9
Textiles 25.9 0 40 100 0.5 91.4 10 0.8 87.6
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.6 100.0
Non-electrical machinery 28.2 0 40 99.8 0.0 100.0 0 14.4 100.0
Electrical machinery 38.9 0 40 76.5 0.0 100.0 0 4.8 100.0
Transport equipment 24.1 0 40 63.6 0.0 100.0 0 7.2 100.0

1. Malaysia 2020 1 12 23 2.4 4.4 3.8 98.9 87.6
2. Singapore 2020 1 5 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Japan 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Chinese Taipei 2020 0 1 1 30.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Canada 2020 0 1 1 5.5 10.4 0.0 40.0 0.7
1. Japan 2020 1,706 1 2 1.4 0.0 0.0 84.6 100.0
2. Australia 2020 922 1 2 2.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Singapore 2020 785 3 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Malaysia 2020 459 2 4 6.0 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0
5. Thailand 2020 417 2 3 9.9 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0

62
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 0 97.8 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 24.0 34.6 0 34.9 6.5 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.9 11.5 6.5 5.0 3.8 0 1.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 11.9 32.9 37.3 0 17.7 0.3 0 0 0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 24.5 0 35 0.0 0
Dairy products 60.1 0 100 100 17.2 0 35 0.6 0
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 18.5 0 35 0.6 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 5.9 11.5 16 5.7 11.6 2.0 20 17.2 15.5
Petroleum 7.5 0 10 83.3 7.7 19.0 10 22.0 0
Chemicals 37.6 0 100 1.6 7.2 4.8 35 13.8 47.4
Wood, paper, etc. 80.8 0 100 20.9 11.2 4.6 20 1.8 8.8
Textiles 18.4 0 25 26.3 16.1 0.3 35 1.7 13.6
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.6 20.0 0 20 0.7 0

1. European Union 2020 74 7 12 8.7 2.4 2.4 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 56 1 1 18.0 19.6 0.0 20.0 48.0
3. Japan 2020 36 1 1 1.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. India 2020 29 2 2 15.6 7.4 7.1 75.0 99.2
5. Malaysia 2020 8 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Switzerland 2020 3,235 1 1 1.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. India 2020 331 1 1 8.1 12.5 12.5 100.0 100.0
3. Uganda 2020 131 1 1 12.5 25.0 0.0 50.0 0.0
4. Ghana 111 3 4 10.5 9.5 9.5 100.0 100.0
5. Rwanda 2020 109 1 1 27.8 25.0 0.0 13.3 0.0

63
Burundi
Burundi

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 2.9 0.5 0 0.3 0 2.1 94.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 15.4 0 16.2 0 64.3 0.9 3.2 0 1.1
Imports 2020 11.7 0 10.3 0 40.8 22.5 14.8 0 14.4
Final bound 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.5 5.7 0 1.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 41.4 0 21.1 0 36.9 0.6 0 0 0.8
Imports 2020 53.6 0 13.1 0 29.4 3.9 0 0 3.1

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 23.1 7.7 25 0.7 23.2
Dairy products 21.4 78.6 100 100 51.7 0 60 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 97.9 2.1 100 100 19.6 16.7 25 0.0 0
Sugars and confectionery 83.8 5.9 100 100 34.1 5.9 100 2.8 38.9
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.9 0 18 2.1 11.2 36.5 36 20.8 35.3
Petroleum - - - 0 4.3 61.4 25 15.1 96.4
Chemicals 9.4 16.2 100 7.9 3.6 79.7 25 14.6 71.9
Wood, paper, etc. 19.4 0 20 9.6 13.6 28.3 25 3.2 15.9
Textiles 25.1 0 100 38.3 19.4 7.4 50 4.1 7.9
Clothing 19.7 0 20 7.8 25.2 0 50 0.6 0

1. European Union 2020 20 1 1 6.4 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
2. Uganda 2020 14 2 2 23.8 24.6 24.6 100.0 100.0
3. Pakistan 2020 9 1 1 11.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. China 2020 3 1 1 11.5 15.0 15.0 100.0 100.0
2. Uganda 2020 20 1 1 13.4 24.9 24.9 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 4 2 2 5.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Thailand 2020 2 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Kazakhstan 2020 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

64
Cabo Verde
Cabo Verde

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 18.2 17.4 2.3 46.2 13.4 2.5 0 0
MFN applied 2021 33.6 19.2 8.4 0 22.9 15.4 0.4 0 0
Imports 2020 17.2 33.3 6.8 0 18.2 23.0 1.4 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 5.3 35.6 15.0 2.2 26.7 14.2 1.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 48.1 12.9 8.6 0.0 15.0 15.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 44.2 21.3 9.1 0.0 12.4 12.9 0 0 0

Animal products 23.9 0 35 100 16.7 9.9 30 4.0 0.4
Dairy products 18.1 0 25 100 11.8 0 25 4.6 0
Coffee, tea 30.6 0 55 100 25.2 0 50 0.5 0
Cotton 5.0 0 5 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 13.7 1.8 55 100 5.4 66.0 50 14.2 41.8
Petroleum 10.1 0 25 100 3.9 37.0 20 9.0 48.7
Chemicals 8.3 0.9 55 100 3.2 77.8 50 11.0 50.1
Wood, paper, etc. 16.3 5.3 55 99.6 11.3 24.3 50 6.0 20.1
Textiles 19.9 0 55 100 15.3 5.1 50 1.6 6.1
Clothing 36.7 0 45 100 34.0 0 40 0.3 0

2. European Union 2020 0 10 19 8.3 7.6 1.9 72.7 62.7
3. Singapore 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Senegal 2020 0 1 1 20.0 20.0 20.0 100.0 100.0
5. Switzerland 2020 0 1 1 1.7 1.7 1.7 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 81 13 26 4.7 16.4 16.4 100.0 100.0
3. India 2020 2 4 4 4.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. China 2020 1 1 1 1.8 2.0 0.0 68.4 0.7
5. Senegal 2020 1 1 1 10.0 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0

65
Cambodia
Cambodia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 3.8 7.3 17.1 15.7 55.4 0.8 0 0
MFN applied 2021 14.5 0 42.9 26.6 0 16.1 0 0 0
Imports 2020 16.1 0 44.6 18.9 0 20.3 0 0 0
Final bound 0.9 0 29.3 28.6 17.2 24.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 17.1 0 46.5 30.9 0 5.4 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 21.0 0 48.1 20.5 0 4.2 0 0 6.2

Animal products 30.7 0 40 100 13.9 9.2 35 0.4 40.4
Dairy products 35.7 0 40 100 10.4 0 15 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 36.6 0 40 100 25.8 0 35 0.1 0
Cotton 7.0 0 7 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 20.3 0 40 100 7.3 30.4 35 18.3 58.6
Petroleum 25.0 0 40 100 11.3 2.6 35 6.3 7.6
Chemicals 9.5 0 40 100 6.8 17.2 35 8.2 41.9
Wood, paper, etc. 25.0 0 35 100 9.8 3.2 35 4.6 0.4
Textiles 9.9 0 40 100 5.3 25.9 15 24.2 6.6
Clothing 17.5 0 18 100 15.0 0 15 0.6 0

1. Viet Nam 2020 598 6 9 23.2 9.8 9.5 97.0 95.8
2. China 2020 343 4 4 16.6 36.0 36.0 100.0 100.0
3. Thailand 2020 332 4 6 28.5 36.5 36.5 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 175 5 8 12.4 18.5 5.0 85.1 35.0
2. European Union 2020 4,041 13 108 5.7 11.9 9.8 89.2 78.3
3. Singapore 2020 2,620 2 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 1,610 16 116 10.6 12.3 12.2 98.8 99.8
5. Canada 2020 1,114 11 94 8.6 16.6 16.6 100.0 100.0

66
Cameroon
Cameroon

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Animal products 80.0 0 80 100
Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100
Oilseeds, fats & oils 80.0 0 80 98.8
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100
Fish & fish products 80.0 0 80 0.8
Minerals & metals - - - 0
Petroleum - - - 0
Chemicals 80.0 0 80 0.3
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0
Textiles 50.0 0 50 0.5
Clothing - - - 0
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0
Electrical machinery - - - 0
Transport equipment - - - 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. - - - 0

1. European Union 2020 801 3 6 12.9 6.0 6.0 99.3 100.0
2. Malaysia 2020 102 1 1 1.7 0.2 0.0 83.3 98.2
3. Singapore 2020 54 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Indonesia 2020 31 2 2 7.8 4.6 0.0 11.1 8.8
1. European Union 2020 975 5 8 4.1 0.4 0.4 99.9 100.0
2. China 2020 781 2 5 3.2 0.1 0.0 50.6 96.8
4. India 2020 198 2 3 10.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

67
Canada
Canada

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 48.0 16.3 19.4 7.2 1.4 2.0 1.0 4.7 18.4
MFN applied 2021 68.5 5.6 11.5 5.2 1.1 2.0 0.8 5.1 11.1
Imports 2020 57.2 12.7 15.8 10.0 0.2 1.9 0.0 2.1 11.0
Final bound 39.0 7.6 38.5 7.7 6.7 0 0 0 0.3
MFN applied 2021 79.3 3.1 10.2 1.3 6.2 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 70.8 1.1 23.7 0.7 3.8 0 0 0 0

Animal products 24.0 50.1 559 100 24.6 66.0 559 0.9 65.2
Dairy products 222.1 0 314 100 249.0 0 314 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 7.4 55.0 265 100 10.1 81.9 265 0.9 75.0
Cotton 0.8 90.0 8 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 2.7 51.0 16 99.4 1.0 85.0 16 14.4 86.6
Petroleum 6.4 0 8 83.3 0.9 82.8 5 4.7 99.0
Chemicals 4.4 28.2 16 100 0.7 88.8 16 14.7 76.2
Wood, paper, etc. 1.5 78.0 18 100 1.0 86.6 18 4.7 77.7
Textiles 10.6 9.2 18 100 2.3 83.2 18 2.1 43.8
Clothing 17.3 0.2 18 100 16.6 5.4 18 2.3 6.1

2. China 2020 6,946 8 15 13.2 14.1 0.0 3.9 0.4
3. European Union 2020 4,070 19 43 13.9 3.5 2.9 89.4 98.4
4. Japan 2020 3,860 15 29 25.3 41.8 30.6 51.2 48.4
5. Mexico 2020 1,600 12 24 17.3 7.2 6.9 94.8 99.1
2. European Union 2020 21,750 58 602 4.4 1.4 1.3 99.6 98.6
3. China 2020 19,099 39 256 5.8 2.2 0.0 14.1 54.8
4. Japan 2020 7,060 33 147 1.9 0.6 0.4 96.4 92.8
5. Mexico 2020 5,708 43 383 4.2 3.0 3.0 98.8 99.6

68

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 2.0 52.8 0.4 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100
Minerals & metals 41.8 0 50 60.8
Petroleum 30.0 0 30 100
Chemicals 31.0 0 50 83.5
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 11.0
Textiles 40.8 0 50 1.0
Clothing - - - 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 48.9 0 50 24.7
Non-electrical machinery 32.2 0 50 89.2
Electrical machinery 37.3 0 50 92.8
Transport equipment 39.9 0 70 87.9
Manufactures, n.e.s. 49.8 0 50 86.2

1. China 2020 2 1 1 20.0 20.0 20.0 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 1 2 2 2.1 2.2 2.2 100.0 100.0
3. Malaysia 2020 0 1 2 5.0 6.8 0.0 50.0 32.0
4. Pakistan 2020 0 1 2 11.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. China 2020 55 1 2 1.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 27 3 7 2.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Senegal 2020 3 3 6 14.4 17.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Rwanda 2020 3 1 1 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

69
Chad
Chad

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100
Minerals & metals - - - 0
Petroleum - - - 0
Chemicals 80.0 0 80 0.3
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0
Textiles - - - 0
Clothing - - - 0
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0
Electrical machinery - - - 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. - - - 0

1. Türkiye 2020 64 1 1 3.3 5.0 0.0 66.7 50.1
2. European Union 2020 12 3 3 4.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Indonesia 2020 3 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. India 2020 2 2 2 21.0 28.7 28.3 80.0 98.5
1. European Union 2020 586 1 1 3.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 427 1 1 4.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Chinese Taipei 2020 222 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. India 2020 48 1 1 4.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

70
Chile
Chile

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 89.9 9.4 0.7 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 0 98.9 0 0 0 0 0 1.1
Imports 2020 0 0 93.4 0 0 0 0 0 6.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 100.0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0.3 0 99.7 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0.3 0 99.7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 2.8 0
Dairy products 29.0 0 32 100 6.0 0 6 0.6 0
Coffee, tea 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 0.6 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 29.3 0 32 100 6.0 0 6 1.9 0
Cotton 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 25.0 0.1 25 100 6.0 0.1 6 12.8 0.0
Petroleum 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 9.0 0
Chemicals 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 14.0 0
Wood, paper, etc. 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0.5 6 2.7 1.0
Textiles 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 2.5 0
Clothing 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 3.0 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0 6 2.9 0
Non-electrical machinery 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0.2 6 14.1 0
Electrical machinery 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0.2 6 12.8 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 25.0 0 25 100 6.0 0.3 6 4.0 0

2. European Union 2020 2,333 15 59 14.9 8.1 6.4 65.1 82.3
3. Hong Kong, China 2020 1,270 1 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 599 12 33 14.9 13.9 7.9 69.9 69.1
5. Brazil 2020 446 15 38 11.8 16.9 15.7 93.3 87.3
1. China 2020 32,096 4 8 5.5 0.8 0.7 94.9 99.1
3. Japan 2020 6,405 6 12 2.7 0.9 0.8 86.7 98.0
4. European Union 2020 4,355 16 48 4.5 1.8 1.7 99.9 99.8

71
China
China

Imports in billion US$ 2020 2,151.8 134.4 2,017.4 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 5.9 7.0 26.0 25.5 26.2 7.0 2.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.2 15.1 28.6 21.8 20.0 4.7 2.5 0 0.3
Imports 2020 1.2 34.6 22.9 28.1 2.2 6.5 4.5 0 2.3
Final bound 6.6 18.5 47.1 14.5 11.9 1.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.6 24.4 60.8 4.7 1.0 0.4 0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 57.8 21.0 17.8 3.1 0.3 0.0 0 0 0.1

Animal products 14.9 10.4 25 100 13.2 13.8 25 1.2 1.2
Dairy products 12.2 0 20 100 12.3 0 20 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 14.9 0 32 100 12.3 0 30 0.1 0
Cotton 22.0 0 40 100 22.0 0 40 0.2 0
Minerals & metals 8.0 5.6 50 100 6.2 5.9 50 20.8 60.2
Petroleum 5.0 20.0 9 100 5.3 16.7 9 10.6 94.6
Chemicals 6.7 0.5 47 100 6.1 2.1 47 10.4 16.2
Wood, paper, etc. 5.0 22.3 20 100 3.2 41.0 12 2.5 80.2
Textiles 9.8 0.2 38 100 7.0 0 38 0.7 0
Clothing 16.1 0 25 100 6.8 0 12 0.3 0

1. Japan 2020 6,228 25 134 15.3 12.3 0.0 24.6 21.3
2. European Union 2020 5,755 28 152 13.3 6.8 0.0 14.7 46.3
3. Hong Kong, China 2020 4,777 23 106 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 426,589 70 1,546 4.5 2.8 0.0 22.5 48.8
2. United States of America 2020 421,495 61 1,053 4.1 2.5 0.0 40.7 59.3
3. Hong Kong, China 2020 233,915 48 428 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 156,220 63 1,115 3.5 1.8 0.0 49.2 71.2
5. Korea, Republic of 2020 105,903 67 1,432 6.7 5.5 3.9 64.2 64.6

72
Colombia
Colombia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.5 73.7 25.5 0
MFN applied 2021 1.1 13.2 27.9 38.9 0.1 0.0 3.4 0 15.4
Imports 2020 0.3 3.7 13.0 20.5 0.6 1.5 6.1 0 54.4
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 5.3 0 0 0 0 94.6 0.1 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 60.0 9.5 9.9 20.3 0 0.4 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 56.2 11.3 14.6 13.0 0 4.9 0 0 0.0

Animal products 98.3 0 209 100 21.0 0 80 0.8 0
Dairy products 137.8 0 159 100 62.8 0 98 0.5 0
Coffee, tea 70.0 0 70 100 12.8 0 15 0.5 0
Cereals & preparations 106.3 0 195 100 14.4 4.4 80 6.0 0
Cotton 75.8 0 99 100 5.0 0 5 0.1 0
Minerals & metals 35.0 0.1 35 100 2.2 75.6 15 9.9 64.5
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 0.9 82.4 5 4.5 99.7
Chemicals 34.7 0.8 70 100 2.0 75.9 15 20.8 55.4
Wood, paper, etc. 34.9 0.2 40 100 4.8 60.3 15 2.6 41.3
Textiles 35.6 0 40 100 6.0 44.3 15 4.2 11.9
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 15.0 0 15 1.0 0

2. European Union 2020 2,350 8 18 14.9 11.0 4.7 80.7 62.2
3. Canada 2020 377 9 21 5.6 1.7 1.7 97.6 99.7
4. Japan 2020 323 3 6 7.2 1.4 0.9 51.1 94.6
5. Switzerland 2020 183 2 4 11.7 2.3 1.8 55.2 99.5
2. China 2020 4,843 3 5 5.2 0.4 0.0 20.5 86.4
3. European Union 2020 1,787 30 67 4.6 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0
4. India 2020 1,402 3 6 10.2 4.4 0.0 4.1 0.0
5. Ecuador 2020 1,296 47 451 12.0 13.3 13.3 100.0 100.0

73
Comoros
Comoros

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 22.0 23.4 0 0 54.6 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 73.8 7.9 0 0 18.3 0 0 0 0
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 12.3 12.7 0 0 75.0 0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 65.6 14.1 0 0 20.3 0 0 0 0

Animal products 6.3 49.5 20 14.5 99.2
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0 3.2 100.0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 10.1 0 20 2.2 0
Coffee, tea 20.0 0 20 0.2 0
Cotton 20.0 0 20 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 16.7 6.1 20 17.2 86.7
Petroleum 18.0 10.0 20 8.7 83.4
Chemicals 18.4 6.2 20 4.3 44.5
Wood, paper, etc. 3.1 44.7 20 4.4 29.1
Textiles 18.5 0.2 20 0.9 3.7
Clothing 20.0 0 20 0.7 0

1. European Union 2020 13 2 3 6.6 3.4 3.4 100.0 100.0
2. India 2020 12 1 1 35.0 35.0 35.0 100.0 100.0
5. Switzerland 2020 1 1 1 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 13 1 2 7.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Türkiye 2020 4 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. India 2020 1 2 2 5.0 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0

74
Congo
Congo

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0.7 1.7 0 0 1.1 0 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100
Petroleum - - - 0
Chemicals 15.0 0 30 1.2
Wood, paper, etc. 10.0 0 10 1.8
Textiles 30.0 0 30 1.4
Clothing 30.0 0 30 2.8

1. India 2020 21 1 1 44.2 32.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. European Union 2020 21 4 4 11.4 0.7 0.2 22.0 96.0
3. Malaysia 2020 8 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Singapore 2020 6 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 3,885 3 3 2.5 0.1 0.1 97.8 100.0
3. European Union 2020 824 3 6 3.0 0.1 0.1 87.5 100.0
4. Viet Nam 2020 326 2 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. India 2020 225 1 1 6.7 0.1 0.0 8.7 0.0

75
Cook Islands
Cook Islands

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 95.7 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.3 3.6 4.1
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 99.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4
Imports

Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0
Coffee, tea 0.0 100.0 0
Sugars and confectionery 0.0 100.0 0
Beverages & tobacco 320.2 38.0 > 1000
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0
Petroleum 171.5 63.6 > 1000
Clothing 0.0 100.0 0

1. Japan 2020 0 1 1 19.1 19.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Maldives 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. New Zealand 2020 0 1 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
1. Japan 2020 14 1 3 2.3 3.5 0.0 33.3 0.2
2. Thailand 2020 4 2 3 5.0 0.0 0.0 71.4 99.6
3. European Union 2020 3 4 6 4.5 1.1 0.4 80.2 93.1
4. China 2020 3 1 1 4.6 6.9 0.0 44.4 0.9

76
Costa Rica
Costa Rica

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 6.1 2.0 1.2 4.2 82.5 3.0 1.0 0
MFN applied 2021 29.9 10.7 9.7 41.2 0.1 5.8 2.1 0.5 0
Imports 2020 34.1 6.2 5.9 40.0 1.5 11.0 0.9 0.5 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 2.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 3.5 92.4 1.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 55.0 10.4 14.9 19.6 0 0.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 64.0 8.0 8.8 19.2 0 0.0 0 0 0

Animal products 56.0 0 233 100 20.8 14.0 150 1.0 5.9
Dairy products 84.8 0 95 100 50.9 6.0 65 0.4 5.1
Coffee, tea 46.0 0 50 100 12.2 6.3 14 0.5 0.7
Cotton 45.0 0 45 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 43.0 0.1 60 100 3.0 66.7 14 12.2 68.6
Petroleum 43.5 0 45 100 6.5 34.5 14 5.9 83.3
Chemicals 43.6 0.1 55 100 1.7 80.3 14 21.7 54.8
Wood, paper, etc. 42.3 0 55 100 5.8 45.2 14 6.5 42.3
Textiles 45.1 0 70 100 7.6 13.2 14 2.7 28.2
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 13.9 0.6 14 1.6 2.6

1. European Union 2020 1,709 7 13 16.9 13.2 7.0 81.4 53.9
3. Guatemala 2020 287 13 31 10.7 9.0 9.0 99.1 100.0
4. Canada 2020 228 7 13 3.8 0.1 0.1 99.4 100.0
5. Panama 186 13 59 15.6 14.4 0.0 19.8 28.3
2. European Union 2020 1,187 14 34 4.2 0.4 0.4 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 800 5 21 4.4 3.1 3.1 97.0 100.0
4. Mexico 2020 495 9 23 3.2 1.3 1.3 100.0 100.0
5. Guatemala 2020 398 46 303 5.4 6.1 6.1 100.0 100.0

77
Côte d’Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.1 3.5 1.9 93.2 0.1 0 0.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.2 18.7 0 42.4 11.7 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 0.9 10.4 5.6 2.8 2.8 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.9 0.4 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 13.3 0 15 100 24.5 0 35
Dairy products 8.9 0 15 100 17.2 0 35
Fruit, vegetables, plants 15.0 0 15 100 17.6 0 35
Coffee, tea 15.0 0 15 100 18.5 0 35
Cereals & preparations 14.5 1.1 15 100 13.6 0 35
Oilseeds, fats & oils 14.3 0 15 98.8 11.1 0 35
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5
Other agricultural products 14.9 0 15 100 9.6 0 20
Fish & fish products 4.7 53.6 15 10.8 16.0 0 20
Minerals & metals 5.5 13.0 16 5.1 11.6 2.0 20
Petroleum 7.8 0 10 83.3 7.7 19.0 10
Chemicals 15.4 0 20 1.3 7.2 4.8 35
Wood, paper, etc. 5.9 0 15 3.9 11.2 4.6 20
Textiles 19.7 0 20 15.3 16.1 0.3 35
Clothing 15.0 0 15 44.0 20.0 0 20
Non-electrical machinery 5.1 4.7 15 78.0 6.8 0 20
Transport equipment 12.8 1.1 25 70.5 8.3 2.3 20

1. European Union 2020 3,817 6 17 11.8 4.3 4.3 99.7 100.0
3. Viet Nam 2020 613 2 3 9.1 7.3 0.0 12.5 4.7
4. Malaysia 2020 354 1 1 5.8 0.1 0.0 50.0 99.6
5. Türkiye 2020 233 2 3 13.8 0.8 0.0 52.0 91.1
1. Switzerland 2020 855 1 1 2.1 0.0 0.0 70.3 100.0
2. European Union 2020 685 11 17 4.5 4.1 4.1 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 585 3 3 4.3 10.1 0.0 31.8 49.5
4. Malaysia 2020 435 1 2 0.6 0.0 0.0 95.7 100.0
5. Mali 392 14 33 14.7 12.1 12.1 100.0 100.0

78
Cuba
Cuba

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 3.6 2.5 0.5 0 0.1 93.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.5 91.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 9.8 23.6 41.6 19.4 1.0 4.6 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 2.0 4.2 9.1 4.6 1.0 0.7 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 6.3 93.4 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 4.7 26.7 39.9 22.0 2.9 3.8 0 0 0.0

Animal products 39.1 2.3 40 100 4.9 2.7 5 6.6 0
Dairy products 40.0 0 40 100 5.0 0 5 3.4 0
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 5.0 0 5 0.4 0
Cotton 16.0 60.0 40 100 1.6 60.0 5 0.0 16.9
Minerals & metals 3.7 36.1 36 10.7 3.9 8.2 5 13.2 10.2
Petroleum 3.0 0 3 83.3 2.5 16.7 3 0.0 0
Chemicals 5.7 17.0 40 16.7 4.5 3.9 5 14.3 8.6
Wood, paper, etc. 4.2 46.5 36 15.2 4.1 15.6 10 3.0 10.3
Textiles 18.7 16.7 36 9.2 4.9 2.0 5 1.8 0.9
Clothing 39.2 0 62 4.1 5.0 0 5 0.3 0
Electrical machinery 10.8 0 15 64.9 5.0 0 5 8.1 0

1. China 2020 186 1 1 16.5 49.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. European Union 2020 149 5 7 13.3 16.8 0.0 17.3 39.2
3. Hong Kong, China 2020 50 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Switzerland 2020 48 2 2 12.3 5.8 0.2 68.8 8.8
5. Macao, China 2020 12 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 374 3 4 3.0 2.1 0.0 45.7 40.1
2. European Union 2020 171 8 11 3.4 2.7 0.0 28.5 41.9
3. India 2020 69 1 1 5.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Singapore 2020 48 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Honduras 11 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

79
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0.3 2.4 0 97.3 0 0
MFN applied 2020 3.7 18.6 54.3 0 23.4 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0.4 32.1 51.2 0 16.3 0 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0.9 0 0.3 3.6 0.4 94.7 0 0
MFN applied 2020 0.4 39.0 31.6 0 29.0 0 0 0 0.1
Imports 2020 19.7 34.9 35.2 0 10.2 0 0 0 0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 12.6 3.6 20 1.6 0.1
Dairy products 81.0 0 100 100 10.7 0 20 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 15.8 4.1 20 0.1 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 99.4 0 100 100 10.8 0.6 20 19.2 0.0
Petroleum 100.0 0 100 100 7.5 4.5 10 4.2 1.0
Chemicals 97.1 0 100 100 7.7 0.1 20 13.9 0.0
Wood, paper, etc. 91.6 0 100 100 14.6 3.0 20 19.2 93.2
Textiles 99.9 0 100 100 12.8 0 20 3.0 0
Clothing 100.0 0 100 100 20.0 0 20 0.3 0
Non-electrical machinery 86.1 0 100 100 6.9 0 20 13.8 0
Electrical machinery 91.0 0 100 100 10.5 0 20 7.2 0
Transport equipment 86.4 0 100 100 8.8 0 20 6.0 0

1. European Union 2020 50 6 6 10.3 0.9 0.9 100.0 100.0
2. Morocco 2020 18 2 2 6.3 3.0 0.6 50.0 6.0
4. Indonesia 2020 5 1 1 8.3 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. India 2020 5 2 2 18.8 24.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. China 2020 8,205 4 6 3.6 2.4 0.0 40.0 15.1
2. European Union 2020 841 4 4 3.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

80
Djibouti
Djibouti

Simple average MFN applied Non-Ag 100
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.3 0 0 0 94.4 1.0 4.3 0
MFN applied
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.0 0 0.4 0 0 99.5 0.0 0.0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100
Minerals & metals 40.1 0 150 100
Petroleum 70.0 24.5 230 100
Chemicals 40.1 0 200 100
Wood, paper, etc. 40.0 0 40 100
Textiles 40.0 0 40 100
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100
Leather, footwear, etc. 40.0 0 40 100
Non-electrical machinery 39.6 0 40 100
Electrical machinery 39.0 0 40 100
Transport equipment 39.2 0 40 100
Manufactures, n.e.s. 40.0 0 40 100

1. Ethiopia 2020 52 1 2 22.5 20.8 2.1 0.0 0.0
2. India 2020 16 4 6 35.5 13.6 0.0 10.0 61.7
4. European Union 2020 3 3 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 46 1 1 6.0 4.9 4.9 82.6 99.8
3. India 2020 4 4 4 7.8 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Malaysia 2020 3 1 1 0.7 0.0 0.0 85.7 100.0

81
Dominica
Dominica

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 73.2 26.0 0
MFN applied 2020 24.7 22.3 1.5 3.7 13.7 27.8 3.7 2.6 0.1
Imports 2019 9.3 6.7 0.2 4.1 46.9 21.6 8.1 3.1 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 90.8 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2020 24.1 45.9 4.1 4.1 16.0 5.6 0.1 0.1 0.1
Imports 2019 14.4 26.8 18.6 11.9 21.8 5.7 0.3 0.3 0

Animal products 116.2 0 150 100 20.5 9.2 40 4.0 0.3
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.4 40.5 20 1.7 65.6
Coffee, tea 118.8 0 150 100 28.1 12.5 135 0.5 0.7
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0 0 0
Minerals & metals 50.0 0 50 97.4 6.4 21.1 35 17.9 10.6
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100 3.5 77.2 20 8.5 17.8
Chemicals 50.0 0 100 93.5 6.3 20.5 165 10.3 23.0
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 86.5 9.5 20.8 40 9.3 8.4
Textiles 50.0 0 50 99.5 5.9 26.8 30 1.9 0.8
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100 19.5 0.5 20 1.2 0.1

1. European Union 2020 1 7 11 8.2 14.4 14.4 100.0 100.0
2. Israel 2020 1 1 1 12.5 25.0 0.0 50.0 0.1
3. Antigua and Barbuda 2019 1 6 12 35.8 39.3 39.3 100.0 100.0
5. Barbados 2020 0 6 9 30.8 28.4 28.4 100.0 100.0
2. Jordan 2020 6 4 5 9.3 23.9 0.0 50.0 19.1
3. European Union 2020 5 4 7 4.8 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
4. Jamaica 2020 1 7 22 14.3 13.7 13.7 100.0 100.0

82
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.2 0.9 0.1 2.4 93.5 2.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 32.6 0.7 9.0 4.7 47.1 3.2 2.8 0 0
Imports 2020 35.2 0.8 4.2 14.1 34.6 1.5 9.7 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 2.3 0 8.8 0.7 8.8 79.5 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 59.3 4.6 4.9 5.8 25.4 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 53.2 4.6 4.6 9.4 28.2 0 0 0 0

Animal products 39.5 0 99 100 21.9 11.7 99 1.3 2.2
Dairy products 42.4 0 56 100 23.8 4.8 56 1.5 0.3
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 18.1 2.1 20 0.3 0
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 35.7 0.1 40 100 5.8 57.7 20 16.8 41.3
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 9.3 29.2 14 8.0 92.9
Chemicals 21.8 0.1 40 100 2.5 80.1 20 16.7 62.6
Wood, paper, etc. 37.1 0 40 100 6.2 63.4 20 5.0 52.8
Textiles 38.8 0 40 100 4.1 74.4 20 5.1 53.0
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 19.9 0 20 1.0 0

2. European Union 2020 504 6 11 15.8 10.6 10.6 98.7 100.0
3. Philippines 2020 31 1 2 4.7 6.8 0.0 33.3 2.7
4. Canada 2020 29 9 24 2.1 1.6 0.0 69.3 66.6
5. Switzerland 2020 27 4 8 13.0 3.5 0.3 51.9 53.8
2. Switzerland 2020 1,191 1 1 1.8 0.0 0.0 79.5 100.0
3. European Union 2020 494 29 68 4.6 1.1 1.1 100.0 100.0
4. Canada 2020 463 11 22 6.0 0.7 0.0 52.1 95.6
5. China 2020 365 8 17 5.5 3.0 0.0 16.3 6.0

83
Ecuador
Ecuador

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 2.7 1.1 10.1 50.8 32.7 2.6 0 0
MFN applied 2021 26.4 3.3 5.9 8.9 33.4 20.0 2.2 0 1.4
Imports 2020 52.2 6.6 7.1 8.8 17.8 7.3 0.0 0 2.9
Final bound 0 1.8 16.5 12.5 43.0 26.3 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 48.7 7.4 4.0 8.5 14.0 17.4 0 0 6.5
Imports 2020 62.6 9.9 4.2 5.1 8.7 9.6 0 0 2.8

Animal products 29.0 0 86 100 28.1 9.0 86 0.2 54.0
Dairy products 41.3 0 72 100 32.8 0 54 0.0 0
Coffee, tea 26.8 0 30 100 23.3 4.2 30 0.4 4.0
Cotton 18.0 0 20 100 1.0 80.0 5 0.1 99.5
Minerals & metals 20.3 0 30 100 6.8 64.1 30 17.2 82.3
Petroleum 12.9 0 25 100 3.9 60.5 10 8.4 95.0
Chemicals 11.2 0 20 100 2.0 84.4 20 19.7 61.6
Wood, paper, etc. 23.0 0 30 100 12.5 24.4 30 2.5 48.9
Textiles 27.8 0 30 100 17.7 12.3 30 2.9 44.3
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 26.4 0 30 0.9 0

1. European Union 2020 1,691 8 14 15.0 14.4 6.6 84.9 38.2
4. China 2020 235 3 3 15.2 10.1 0.0 2.0 0.0
5. Japan 2020 215 5 9 8.2 13.9 4.0 42.9 13.3
2. China 2020 4,453 4 5 5.2 2.1 0.0 20.5 58.9
3. European Union 2020 1,752 8 14 5.1 14.2 14.2 100.0 100.0
4. Chile 2020 753 8 9 6.0 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2020 685 2 2 1.9 0.0 0.0 77.3 96.8

84
Egypt
Egypt

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 10.4 19.0 2.1 17.8 22.5 25.9 2.1 1.6
MFN applied
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 2.2 11.7 11.1 4.2 22.6 34.2 13.2 0.1 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 36.9 0 60 100
Cotton 5.0 0 5 100
Minerals & metals 31.0 0.1 60 99.7
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100
Chemicals 18.8 0.1 80 100
Wood, paper, etc. 36.3 0 60 100
Textiles 27.6 0 60 100
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100
Non-electrical machinery 18.0 5.8 80 99.0
Electrical machinery 27.2 19.6 60 98.0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 31.2 5.2 70 100

1. European Union 2020 1,215 18 74 14.9 11.3 9.2 80.0 84.5
5. Jordan 2020 237 15 66 16.3 19.9 16.3 98.6 97.3
1. European Union 2020 5,995 43 212 4.5 3.3 3.3 100.0 100.0
5. India 2020 1,682 8 17 10.1 3.4 0.0 3.5 0.2

85
El Salvador
El Salvador

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 13.2 74.4 10.8 1.6 0
MFN applied 2021 28.2 10.4 10.5 39.2 1.8 9.7 0 0.2 0
Imports 2020 17.0 3.8 5.4 43.4 6.0 23.4 0 1.0 0
Final bound 2.6 0 0 0 14.6 81.3 1.5 0 0
MFN applied 2021 54.1 11.6 14.7 18.9 0.1 0.7 0 0 0
Imports 2020 51.8 15.5 10.3 20.3 1.5 0.6 0 0 0

Animal products 51.0 0 164 100 21.7 7.7 164 2.8 3.1
Dairy products 39.2 0 45 100 27.2 6.3 40 2.6 2.6
Coffee, tea 51.3 0 70 100 13.4 2.1 15 0.6 0.3
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.5 100.0
Minerals & metals 35.7 0.1 50 100 3.4 64.8 15 11.6 62.4
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 6.9 34.1 15 7.2 91.2
Chemicals 37.2 0.1 50 100 1.8 80.2 15 17.2 37.9
Wood, paper, etc. 35.4 0 70 100 6.1 45.8 15 4.8 44.6
Textiles 38.4 0 70 100 8.2 13.2 15 6.7 23.3
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 14.9 0.6 15 4.0 1.0

1. Guatemala 2020 273 15 38 10.9 13.7 13.7 100.0 100.0
3. Honduras 152 13 28 13.3 14.5 14.5 100.0 100.0
4. China 2020 76 1 1 16.3 49.8 0.0 20.0 0.0
5. European Union 2020 63 5 9 10.8 17.0 1.5 89.3 79.5
2. Guatemala 2020 692 55 430 6.0 7.8 7.8 100.0 100.0
3. Honduras 274 29 137 8.6 9.5 9.5 100.0 100.0
4. Nicaragua 2020 207 34 114 8.1 9.5 9.5 100.0 100.0
5. Mexico 2020 194 9 24 10.4 12.2 3.9 79.2 66.8

86
Eswatini
Eswatini

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 22.5 2.5 1.6 1.5 10.0 36.3 22.6 2.9 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.2 13.5 6.4 15.6 6.1 0.8 0.2 13.7
Imports 2020 38.9 14.7 10.8 8.5 20.3 6.7 0.1 0.0 20.3
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 12.8 5.0 22.1 20.0 19.1 13.8 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 44.0 13.2 6.7 8.4 22.3 5.4 0.0 0.0 12.3

Animal products 37.4 30.6 160 100 11.2 60.4 82 0.9 42.3
Dairy products 93.3 0 96 100 12.7 23.8 95 1.4 53.8
Coffee, tea 65.4 20.8 170 100 7.3 45.8 25 0.5 14.9
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 4.4 66.7 15 0.0 0.4
Minerals & metals 11.7 16.1 30 96.0 5.0 62.1 30 11.9 60.6
Petroleum - - - 0 0.5 55.6 15 9.2 1.2
Chemicals 12.3 5.8 30 99.7 2.1 84.5 30 16.7 65.4
Wood, paper, etc. 11.4 16.7 45 100 6.1 62.4 45 5.0 30.9
Textiles 22.2 3.2 30 99.2 16.7 18.7 160 7.5 2.7
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 41.1 1.9 45 2.2 4.1

1. South Africa 2020 340 5 11 11.5 49.3 49.3 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 49 4 7 18.8 77.6 77.6 100.0 100.0
3. Nigeria 2020 26 2 2 9.5 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Kenya 2020 24 1 3 42.7 97.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. South Africa 2020 750 17 64 13.0 11.1 11.1 100.0 100.0
2. Nigeria 2020 187 7 14 11.8 10.3 0.0 3.9 1.0
3. Kenya 2020 57 1 1 16.7 10.0 0.0 23.0 0.2
4. India 2020 51 9 9 8.3 11.8 0.0 5.6 1.5
5. Mozambique 2020 39 10 17 10.8 7.9 7.9 99.4 100.0

87
Ethiopia
Ethiopia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 1.5 21.7 9.8 0 6.4 60.7 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0.8 65.2 4.5 0 2.9 26.7 0 0 0
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 7.9 25.3 19.1 0 20.5 27.2 0 0 0
Imports 2020 26.8 29.8 14.5 0 11.2 17.6 0 0 0

Animal products 25.7 3.2 35 0.1 20.4
Fruit, vegetables, plants 28.3 0.5 35 1.1 0
Coffee, tea 31.1 0 35 0.0 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 12.6 0 30 6.4 0
Cotton 10.0 0 10 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 21.7 0 35 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 14.0 13.8 35 16.8 34.8
Petroleum 3.1 54.8 20 11.3 98.6
Chemicals 11.0 1.5 35 13.1 5.6
Wood, paper, etc. 12.7 24.5 35 2.1 10.1
Textiles 22.9 5.1 35 3.5 2.2
Clothing 35.0 0 35 1.4 0

1. European Union 2020 518 7 13 8.3 3.8 3.8 97.9 100.0
2. China 2020 325 3 5 9.8 9.4 9.4 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2020 105 3 5 51.6 0.4 0.4 100.0 100.0
2. Switzerland 2020 123 1 1 2.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 104 19 74 5.4 9.6 9.6 100.0 100.0
4. Singapore 2020 99 2 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

88
European Union
European Union

Imports in billion US$ 2020 1,797.5 133.2 1,664.3 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 23.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 30.4 11.1 18.0 13.3 10.8 10.1 3.5 0.7 33.2
MFN applied 2021 31.7 10.6 18.1 13.3 11.5 8.6 2.9 0.5 31.6
Imports 2020 40.1 13.1 16.7 8.7 8.6 5.8 1.7 0.0 25.3
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 30.0 33.2 27.8 7.4 1.5 0.1 0 0 0.5
MFN applied 2021 28.6 34.6 27.9 7.4 1.4 0.1 0 0 0.5
Imports 2020 51.8 25.2 16.3 5.5 1.2 0.0 0 0 0.3

Animal products 17.0 28.4 99 100 17.0 28.4 99 0.3 10.8
Dairy products 39.9 0 165 100 39.5 0 150 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 5.9 27.1 16 100 5.9 27.1 16 1.0 63.4
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 1.9 50.4 12 100 2.0 49.9 12 13.7 63.9
Petroleum 3.2 16.7 5 100 2.5 33.3 5 9.1 96.3
Chemicals 4.6 21.7 7 100 4.5 22.8 13 14.4 50.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.7 85.8 12 100 0.9 81.5 11 2.6 83.3
Textiles 6.5 2.1 12 100 6.5 2.1 12 3.6 1.7
Clothing 11.5 0 12 100 11.5 0 12 4.3 0

1. China 2020 25,030 25 74 12.5 13.3 0.0 7.0 3.1
3. Switzerland 2020 9,930 27 329 34.5 20.9 4.9 32.1 41.2
4. Japan 2020 9,663 27 134 24.5 12.6 5.5 48.1 37.1
1. United States of America 2020 358,161 65 1,342 4.0 1.4 0.0 41.4 65.5
2. China 2020 293,975 61 1,151 6.2 4.9 0.0 12.2 25.1
3. Switzerland 2020 135,216 65 1,401 1.3 1.0 1.0 99.0 99.9
4. Russian Federation 2020 68,264 57 1,391 6.1 4.7 0.1 18.6 29.5
5. Türkiye 2020 66,141 66 1,439 4.6 4.0 4.0 99.6 100.0

89
Fiji
Fiji

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0.1 0 97.6 1.2 1.0 2.2
MFN applied 2021 19.2 56.8 0.1 9.6 0.0 11.4 0.7 2.1 3.3
Imports 2020 30.0 26.7 0.4 19.7 0.0 19.3 0.9 2.9 4.7
Final bound 0 0 0.0 0 0 42.0 0.0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 27.3 59.7 0.1 8.8 0.1 3.7 0.1 0.0 1.4
Imports 2020 27.5 44.9 0.4 5.1 2.1 15.3 4.8 0.0 20.3

Animal products 40.0 0 40 100 12.5 9.9 32 2.1 4.8
Dairy products 40.3 0 46 100 26.3 3.2 32 2.4 10.9
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 6.7 8.3 15 0.6 31.7
Beverages & tobacco 100.7 0 > 1000 100 226.0 0 > 1000 1.3 0
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 0.0 100.0 0 0 0
Fish & fish products 40.0 0 40 0.8 14.2 0 32 2.6 0
Minerals & metals 40.0 0 40 44.3 5.9 3.7 64 11.3 9.1
Petroleum - - - 0 9.1 0 60 16.3 0
Chemicals 40.0 0 40 7.0 6.9 5.7 159 11.0 24.4
Wood, paper, etc. 40.0 0 40 0.4 8.4 3.6 32 5.1 14.8
Textiles 40.0 0 40 79.0 2.4 60.6 45 3.6 42.1
Clothing 40.0 0 40 100 8.8 15.5 15 1.1 19.6
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0 7.3 3.9 49 1.7 3.4
Transport equipment - - - 0 5.1 64.5 335 7.3 49.3

2. New Zealand 2020 26 13 35 2.1 1.6 1.5 99.4 98.7
3. European Union 2020 26 3 4 11.2 98.4 98.4 96.8 100.0
4. Australia 2020 20 11 19 2.4 3.1 3.1 100.0 100.0
1. Australia 2020 106 14 58 3.5 1.8 1.8 100.0 100.0
3. Japan 2020 29 2 4 3.0 1.0 0.0 36.8 72.5
4. European Union 2020 25 4 8 6.5 5.3 5.3 100.0 100.0
5. China 2020 18 2 3 2.3 0.2 0.0 49.2 97.3

90
Gabon
Gabon

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0.7 0 5.8 93.6 0 0
MFN applied
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 2.7 50.1 1.8 13.5 30.9 0.9 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 57.5 0 60 100
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100
Petroleum 10.0 0 10 100
Chemicals 11.8 0 60 100
Wood, paper, etc. 20.5 0 60 100
Textiles 19.7 0 30 100
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100

1. European Union 2020 16 1 3 15.7 1.8 0.0 18.1 70.9
2. Morocco 2020 2 1 1 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Senegal 2020 0 3 3 8.3 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Türkiye 2020 0 1 1 2.9 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Angola 2019 0 1 1 5.0 10.0 0.0 50.0 0.0
1. China 2020 3,790 3 3 2.8 0.0 0.0 50.9 99.2
2. India 2020 405 3 4 7.6 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. European Union 2020 351 6 12 2.9 2.3 0.0 33.2 63.3
4. Australia 2020 206 1 1 2.5 0.0 0.0 66.7 100.0
5. Singapore 2020 181 2 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

91
The Gambia
The Gambia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 2.3 3.3 1.1 93.2 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 1.4 34.0 0 55.0 9.6 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.3 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 3.1 45.4 16.5 0 34.5 0.4 0 0 0

Animal products 110.0 0 110 100 24.5 0 35 1.7 0
Dairy products 110.0 0 110 100 17.2 0 35 1.4 0
Coffee, tea 110.0 0 110 100 18.5 0 35 0.5 0
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 42.3 0 50 1.4 11.6 2.0 20 13.9 1.5
Petroleum - - - 0 7.7 19.0 10 14.2 0.0
Chemicals 60.0 0 110 0.3 7.2 4.8 35 4.1 22.9
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 11.2 4.6 20 4.0 25.3
Textiles - - - 0 16.1 0.3 35 2.6 0.1
Clothing - - - 0 20.0 0 20 0.3 0
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0 6.8 0 20 3.7 0
Electrical machinery - - - 0 11.2 0.4 20 3.2 1.0
Manufactures, n.e.s. - - - 0 14.2 2.1 20 2.1 0.1

1. India 2020 29 1 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 3 2 2 11.7 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. European Union 2020 3 3 4 8.5 6.4 6.4 95.9 100.0
4. Türkiye 2020 1 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 50.0 50.0
1. Uganda 2020 213 1 1 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. China 2020 27 2 3 5.0 0.1 0.0 30.7 99.0
3. Senegal 2020 18 2 4 12.2 10.1 10.1 100.0 100.0
4. Mali 11 2 5 17.3 9.1 9.1 100.0 100.0
5. Chile 2020 11 1 1 6.0 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0

92
Georgia
Georgia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 7.9 1.5 6.3 71.8 10.4 2.1 0 0 2.4
MFN applied 2021 49.7 2.3 0.7 46.3 0.5 0.5 0 0 2.4
Imports 2020 38.0 7.6 0.3 53.3 0.7 0.1 0 0 1.4
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 27.6 17.6 22.7 31.7 0.3 0 0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 93.1 1.4 0 5.2 0 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 89.3 3.7 0 7.0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 11.9 0.9 12 100 8.4 27.0 12 2.1 11.7
Dairy products 12.1 0 25 100 4.8 45.7 12 1.1 62.4
Coffee, tea 12.3 0 20 100 4.6 54.2 12 1.4 25.0
Cotton 9.0 0 12 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.0 31.9 20 100 2.2 81.5 12 20.1 83.9
Petroleum 12.0 0 12 100 0.0 100.0 0 8.0 100.0
Chemicals 6.1 9.4 12 100 0.6 91.3 12 16.2 71.4
Wood, paper, etc. 4.6 59.5 12 100 1.8 85.1 12 5.5 91.5
Textiles 8.2 0.3 12 100 0.0 99.5 5 3.0 92.6
Clothing 12.6 0 15 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.1 100.0

2. European Union 2020 154 8 26 13.6 3.6 3.6 87.3 99.9
3. Ukraine 2020 97 3 9 9.6 6.8 6.8 100.0 100.0
4. Azerbaijan 2020 35 7 11 48.6 16.2 16.2 100.0 100.0
5. Belarus 2020 31 3 5 8.9 12.0 12.0 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 703 21 35 4.4 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
2. Türkiye 2020 179 19 35 6.4 7.2 7.0 99.5 92.5
5. Switzerland 2020 96 4 4 2.0 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0

93
Ghana
Ghana

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 4.1 95.7 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 96.9 0 99 100 24.5 0 35
Dairy products 73.7 0 99 100 17.2 0 35
Coffee, tea 90.8 0 99 100 18.5 0 35
Cereals & preparations 92.5 0 99 100 13.6 0 35
Cotton 99.0 0 99 100 5.0 0 5
Fish & fish products 99.0 0 99 0.8 16.0 0 20
Minerals & metals 32.0 0 40 2.2 11.6 2.0 20
Petroleum - - - 0 7.7 19.0 10
Chemicals 99.0 0 99 0.3 7.2 4.8 35
Wood, paper, etc. 40.7 0 50 5.0 11.2 4.6 20
Textiles 45.0 0 45 0.7 16.1 0.3 35
Clothing - - - 0 20.0 0 20
Leather, footwear, etc. - - - 0 12.3 1.3 20
Non-electrical machinery 30.0 0 30 2.1 6.8 0 20
Electrical machinery - - - 0 11.2 0.4 20

1. European Union 2020 1,438 3 9 13.8 4.9 4.9 100.0 100.0
3. Viet Nam 2020 208 1 1 7.0 5.7 0.0 22.2 0.3
4. India 2020 196 2 3 23.7 6.4 0.0 4.8 0.0
5. Malaysia 2020 172 2 3 2.8 0.6 0.0 72.2 94.3
1. Switzerland 2020 2,999 1 1 2.1 0.0 0.0 74.0 100.0
2. China 2020 2,404 2 2 4.3 0.1 0.0 32.2 99.1
4. India 2020 1,179 3 3 9.1 10.1 0.0 2.2 0.0
5. South Africa 2020 506 1 1 12.6 0.0 0.0 51.0 99.9

94
Grenada
Grenada

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.7 0 0 0 1.1 2.4 89.4 5.4 0
MFN applied
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0.1 0 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 116.7 0 200 100
Cereals & preparations 93.7 0.5 100 100
Oilseeds, fats & oils 97.6 2.4 200 100
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100
Other agricultural products 103.7 7.4 200 100
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100
Chemicals 50.0 0 100 100
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 100
Textiles 50.0 0 50 100
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100

2. European Union 2020 3 2 2 3.9 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
3. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2019 2 2 3 48.2 96.9 96.9 100.0 100.0
4. Saint Lucia 2019 2 2 2 26.7 52.2 52.2 100.0 100.0
5. Dominica 2019 2 3 3 20.5 25.5 25.5 100.0 100.0
2. Saint Lucia 2019 1 4 7 17.1 23.8 23.8 100.0 100.0
4. Guyana 2020 1 2 4 14.4 17.3 17.3 100.0 100.0
5. Barbados 2020 1 6 11 14.9 23.1 23.1 100.0 100.0

95
Guatemala
Guatemala

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 1.4 0.8 2.1 82.8 4.2 8.7 0
MFN applied 2021 28.3 10.6 11.2 45.9 2.6 1.3 0 0 0
Imports 2020 20.7 8.7 5.2 59.6 3.5 2.3 0 0 0
Final bound 2.3 0 1.7 2.5 8.9 84.4 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 55.2 10.6 14.9 19.4 0.0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 49.7 17.9 16.5 15.9 0.0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 72.3 0 257 100 11.9 7.7 15 1.6 6.8
Dairy products 90.6 0 103 100 13.4 6.3 15 1.2 1.9
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 13.4 2.1 15 0.4 0.0
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.3 100.0
Minerals & metals 40.9 0.1 50 100 3.3 67.0 15 12.7 61.7
Petroleum 45.0 0 45 100 6.9 34.1 15 9.0 1.2
Chemicals 38.4 0.1 50 100 1.8 79.8 15 18.9 47.8
Wood, paper, etc. 36.7 0 55 100 6.2 45.4 15 5.2 40.4
Textiles 44.6 0 50 100 8.2 13.2 15 6.0 9.4
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 14.9 0.6 15 1.1 0.0

2. European Union 2020 838 12 21 12.8 10.3 5.1 89.7 82.3
3. El Salvador 2020 465 18 76 14.9 21.2 21.2 99.7 99.8
4. Canada 2020 443 5 17 2.6 0.1 0.0 68.3 98.7
2. El Salvador 2020 753 41 236 7.2 8.7 8.7 100.0 100.0
3. Costa Rica 2020 326 40 180 5.7 8.9 8.9 100.0 100.0
4. Honduras 325 27 98 8.1 9.2 9.2 100.0 100.0
5. Nicaragua 2020 324 33 138 7.3 8.9 8.9 100.0 100.0

96
Guinea
Guinea

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 96.9 0.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.9 11.6 6.3 5.0 4.4 0.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 40.0 0 40 100 24.5 0 35
Dairy products 25.9 0 40 100 17.2 0 35
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 18.5 0 35
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 5.0 0 5
Minerals & metals 5.9 11.5 16 5.7 11.6 2.0 20
Petroleum 7.5 0 10 83.3 7.7 19.0 10
Chemicals 19.9 0 40 1.5 7.2 4.8 35
Wood, paper, etc. 19.3 0 40 14.2 11.2 4.6 20
Textiles 18.6 0 30 26.8 16.1 0.3 35
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.6 20.0 0 20

1. India 2020 42 2 2 57.1 5.0 2.6 33.3 94.8
2. European Union 2020 29 3 3 10.5 0.4 0.4 100.0 100.0
3. Malaysia 2020 15 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Morocco 2020 8 2 2 8.5 6.6 5.4 60.0 54.4
5. Türkiye 2020 5 2 2 12.0 5.3 0.0 20.0 47.3
2. China 2020 2,525 1 1 4.3 0.0 0.0 96.4 100.0
3. India 2020 1,589 2 2 7.1 11.5 11.5 89.3 99.9
4. European Union 2020 796 2 3 3.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Switzerland 2020 277 1 1 1.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

97
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 97.2 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 40.0 0 40 100 24.5 0 35
Dairy products 40.0 0 40 100 17.2 0 35
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 18.5 0 35
Oilseeds, fats & oils 40.1 0 50 100 11.1 0 35
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 5.0 0 5
Fish & fish products 49.9 0 50 100 16.0 0 20
Minerals & metals 50.0 0 50 96.1 11.6 2.0 20
Petroleum - - - 0 7.7 19.0 10
Chemicals 50.0 0 50 99.9 7.2 4.8 35
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 100 11.2 4.6 20
Textiles 50.0 0 50 99.8 16.1 0.3 35
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100 20.0 0 20
Leather, footwear, etc. 50.0 0 50 100 12.3 1.3 20
Non-electrical machinery 50.0 0 50 99.4 6.8 0 20
Electrical machinery 50.0 0 50 100 11.2 0.4 20

1. India 2020 126 1 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 3 2 3 4.9 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
3. Türkiye 2020 1 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 50.0 50.0
4. Brazil 2020 1 1 1 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. Côte d'Ivoire 21 1 4 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
2. Ghana 7 1 4 15.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
4. Guinea 3 1 2 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0

98
Guyana
Guyana

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 99.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.3 33.3 1.6 3.5 12.7 33.4 3.2 0 0
Imports 2020 25.7 8.7 0.3 6.1 40.4 13.5 5.2 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.8 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 9.3 58.9 3.3 4.2 16.6 5.8 0.4 0 0
Imports 2020 9.9 34.9 4.3 12.1 35.1 3.7 0.0 0 0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 31.1 9.7 100 0.4 1.6
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 14.4 14.3 40 1.9 55.1
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 16.8 0 40 0.4 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 50.1 0 70 100 8.1 6.3 60 20.5 7.3
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100 9.6 33.4 70 21.4 2.2
Chemicals 50.0 0 100 100 6.4 4.1 40 10.0 6.1
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 100 9.9 4.6 20 2.6 4.6
Textiles 50.0 0 50 100 7.2 0.6 30 1.1 3.6
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100 19.8 0 20 0.5 0

1. European Union 2020 95 3 7 14.7 14.6 14.6 100.0 100.0
3. Jamaica 2020 17 1 4 24.3 23.0 23.0 100.0 100.0
4. Brazil 2020 16 1 2 11.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Panama 15 1 1 51.3 88.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. China 2020 349 3 3 4.1 0.2 0.0 47.6 94.3
4. Canada 2020 301 1 1 3.6 0.0 0.0 86.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 169 5 8 4.2 1.0 1.0 100.0 100.0

99
Haiti
Haiti

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 16.3 1.7 12.6 3.1 27.7 37.5 0.3 0 9.2
MFN applied 2020 29.9 25.1 7.7 17.5 12.9 6.6 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 3.4 3.6 18.2 7.6 43.7 6.6 0 0 9.5
MFN applied 2020 48.1 31.4 10.5 6.5 3.2 0.0 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 17.6 17.3 40 100 8.8 30.6 25
Dairy products 12.4 7.1 20 100 5.6 0 20
Fruit, vegetables, plants 27.7 9.4 50 100 12.4 14.3 50
Coffee, tea 24.2 0 40 100 10.0 0 20
Cereals & preparations 30.0 10.4 50 100 13.8 26.9 50
Oilseeds, fats & oils 14.9 19.3 28 100 2.9 48.2 20
Beverages & tobacco 26.7 2.0 42 100 24.0 2.0 40
Cotton 20.0 0 35 100 15.0 0 15
Other agricultural products 10.0 40.4 70 100 2.2 69.5 20
Fish & fish products 23.8 1.1 40 35.8 2.2 81.2 20
Minerals & metals 14.6 2.0 40 85.5 3.8 55.7 25
Petroleum 21.5 0 30 100 3.3 57.1 40
Chemicals 22.1 1.6 30 99.9 3.0 53.5 25
Wood, paper, etc. 12.0 0.2 28 59.9 4.2 39.7 20
Textiles 20.6 0 50 85.9 6.0 47.3 20
Clothing 31.6 0 50 51.4 5.8 18.8 15
Leather, footwear, etc. 21.7 0.8 25 85.7 5.4 40.3 15
Non-electrical machinery 14.1 22.7 22 99.2 3.3 39.0 20
Transport equipment 13.4 5.3 30 100 4.0 57.6 20

2. European Union 2020 19 4 5 12.9 0.4 0.4 100.0 100.0
3. Switzerland 2020 4 1 1 1.0 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
4. Canada 2020 1 10 17 2.8 3.1 3.1 100.0 100.0
5. Chile 2020 1 6 11 6.0 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0
2. Canada 2020 53 3 14 8.4 11.6 11.6 100.0 100.0
3. Mexico 2020 24 1 3 22.3 24.9 0.0 4.2 0.1
4. European Union 2020 13 12 32 5.5 7.7 7.7 100.0 100.0
5. India 2020 13 1 1 8.5 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0

100
Honduras
Honduras

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.0 3.1 3.0 13.8 79.3 0.5 0.2 0
MFN applied 2021 27.3 11.4 10.6 45.6 1.2 3.5 0.1 0.2 0
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 2.2 0.7 3.2 4.9 3.2 85.8 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 54.9 11.1 14.5 19.0 0.2 0.4 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 31.8 0 164 100 14.8 7.7 164
Dairy products 24.9 0 35 100 25.4 6.3 35
Coffee, tea 33.5 0 35 100 13.5 1.4 15
Sugars and confectionery 35.3 0 40 100 13.2 25.2 40
Beverages & tobacco 34.6 0 60 100 14.1 7.9 55
Cotton 11.0 0 15 100 0.0 100.0 0
Fish & fish products 34.6 0 35 100 12.4 9.8 35
Minerals & metals 33.3 0.1 35 100 3.7 65.7 35
Petroleum 17.6 0 35 100 7.0 33.9 15
Chemicals 31.4 0.1 35 100 1.7 81.5 15
Wood, paper, etc. 33.6 0 50 100 6.1 46.0 15
Textiles 34.1 0 35 100 8.0 14.7 15
Clothing 34.9 0 35 100 14.8 1.5 15
Non-electrical machinery 29.4 5.1 35 100 1.2 89.5 15
Electrical machinery 21.6 20.7 35 100 2.2 79.7 15
Transport equipment 28.4 0 35 100 4.1 47.0 15
Manufactures, n.e.s. 31.5 5.3 35 100 6.5 45.0 15

1. European Union 2020 1,044 7 11 11.4 3.0 2.0 85.6 98.4
3. El Salvador 2020 183 16 46 15.8 18.9 18.8 99.3 99.7
4. Canada 2020 120 4 11 4.0 0.2 0.2 99.1 100.0
5. Guatemala 2020 108 17 36 11.4 14.2 14.2 99.5 100.0
2. El Salvador 2020 486 25 60 7.9 12.5 12.5 99.9 100.0
3. Guatemala 2020 384 39 171 6.5 6.4 6.4 100.0 100.0
4. Mexico 2020 231 12 26 14.1 15.7 5.1 68.1 55.9
5. European Union 2020 185 13 20 5.4 9.3 9.3 100.0 100.0

101
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Final bound 41.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.2 100.0
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.2 100.0
Coffee, tea 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 0.0 100.0 0 67.7 0.0 100.0 0 11.7 100.0
Petroleum - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 1.0 100.0
Chemicals 0.0 100.0 0 10.0 0.0 100.0 0 4.1 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.0 100.0 0 96.0 0.0 100.0 0 0.6 100.0
Textiles 0.0 100.0 0 9.9 0.0 100.0 0 1.2 100.0
Clothing 0.0 100.0 0 2.3 0.0 100.0 0 1.3 100.0

1. China 2020 709 5 5 11.4 10.6 10.6 100.0 100.0
3. Macao, China 2020 102 11 43 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Indonesia 2020 64 4 5 12.4 5.1 0.0 2.5 0.2
5. Singapore 2020 60 16 49 0.8 3.6 3.6 100.0 100.0
1. India 2020 15,152 42 224 11.4 8.5 0.0 3.9 29.2
2. Switzerland 2020 12,054 1 4 1.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 8,349 52 595 4.4 1.3 0.0 19.3 71.3
5. China 2020 6,312 41 192 5.9 2.1 2.1 98.5 99.9

102
Iceland
Iceland

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 25.6 2.1 6.9 1.4 7.9 12.8 3.2 40.2 24.5
MFN applied 2021 64.9 0.5 1.0 0.8 4.8 6.1 12.2 6.2 21.1
Imports 2020 51.8 1.3 2.3 1.8 11.9 5.7 21.5 2.3 16.4
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 46.4 6.2 8.3 6.1 16.9 9.7 0.7 0.0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 99.1 0 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 99.9 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 342.6 0 460 100 71.9 30.6 303 0.5 3.0
Dairy products 438.0 0 574 100 93.4 1.6 390 0.1 1.6
Coffee, tea 18.5 35.9 115 100 6.3 63.7 39 0.9 55.4
Cotton 2.2 80.0 11 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.8 56.8 65 96.7 0.0 100.0 0 9.2 100.0
Petroleum 5.0 83.3 50 80.0 0.0 100.0 0 4.4 100.0
Chemicals 4.1 79.2 65 99.1 0.0 100.0 0 22.0 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 10.8 46.8 35 94.9 0.0 100.0 0 5.9 100.0
Textiles 8.3 33.4 35 87.1 0.0 100.0 0 1.7 100.0
Clothing 20.5 0 21 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.6 100.0

1. European Union 2020 52 16 36 17.6 6.3 4.6 74.1 92.8
3. Switzerland 2020 5 4 4 11.4 61.7 38.4 62.7 68.8
4. Norway 2020 4 6 9 20.0 6.8 1.0 57.9 73.3
5. Nigeria 2020 3 6 6 6.3 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2020 2,868 21 71 5.3 7.4 6.8 90.8 89.4
3. Norway 2020 214 17 44 0.3 3.6 3.6 100.0 100.0
4. Nigeria 2020 102 2 4 13.7 17.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Ukraine 2020 89 2 10 4.0 0.3 0.1 79.3 93.3

103
India
India

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 1.3 0.4 1.9 6.9 55.5 34.1 0.3
MFN applied 2021 2.9 0 1.5 0.9 2.3 77.9 12.1 2.4 0.3
Imports 2020 0.2 0 0.8 3.8 2.6 47.6 43.4 1.7 4.1
Final bound 2.6 0.5 0.0 0 15.6 50.1 0.3 1.0 5.7
MFN applied 2021 1.8 4.8 54.9 10.0 20.0 7.4 0.6 0.5 5.5
Imports 2020 6.2 22.1 45.7 18.1 7.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.4

Animal products 104.5 0 150 100 32.5 0 100 0.0 0
Dairy products 63.8 0 150 100 35.7 0 60 0.0 0
Coffee, tea 133.1 0 150 100 56.3 0 100 0.1 0
Cotton 110.0 0 150 100 26.0 0 30 0.1 0
Minerals & metals 38.3 0.4 55 61.5 11.8 0.1 40 32.7 0.0
Petroleum - - - 0 9.2 0 10 16.6 0
Chemicals 39.6 0.1 150 88.9 10.3 0.2 100 13.0 0.2
Wood, paper, etc. 36.6 0 91 64.4 10.5 2.1 25 1.6 0.1
Textiles 27.3 0 85 70.3 25.5 0 328 1.3 0
Clothing 37.7 0 68 58.7 24.1 0 119 0.2 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 34.6 0 40 51.6 14.6 0 70 0.9 0
Transport equipment 35.7 0 40 70.6 31.1 0 125 3.8 0

2. European Union 2020 2,649 25 116 13.0 5.9 1.5 23.2 55.2
5. China 2020 1,535 13 20 13.8 15.7 0.4 5.5 18.7
2. European Union 2020 34,502 66 1,159 4.5 4.0 1.3 49.0 55.5
3. China 2020 18,522 49 410 6.1 3.2 0.7 11.0 36.2
5. Hong Kong, China 2020 9,547 8 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

104
Indonesia
Indonesia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.5 0 0 87.3 8.9 3.4 0
MFN applied 2021 8.5 76.5 4.4 1.0 5.1 2.3 1.2 1.0 1.4
Imports 2020 36.0 47.0 12.9 0.9 2.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 11.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 2.2 0 0.0 3.8 0 89.3 0.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 13.8 50.1 16.2 10.1 8.9 0.9 0 0.0 0.0
Imports 2020 36.4 38.3 12.8 8.5 3.2 0.8 0 0.0 0.0

Animal products 43.8 0 50 100 7.1 8.1 30 0.9 2.9
Dairy products 74.0 0 210 100 5.5 0 10 0.8 0
Coffee, tea 45.3 0 60 100 13.2 0 20 0.6 0
Cotton 37.4 0 40 100 4.0 20.0 5 0.6 99.7
Minerals & metals 38.8 0.1 40 97.7 7.1 17.7 30 17.2 39.1
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 0.2 95.8 5 8.0 98.6
Chemicals 37.9 0.1 60 94.9 5.3 14.9 150 14.5 20.8
Wood, paper, etc. 39.4 0 40 100 5.0 31.1 25 2.6 41.9
Textiles 26.0 0 40 99.7 11.5 0.9 35 4.6 1.5
Clothing 35.0 0 40 100 23.9 0 25 0.4 0

1. European Union 2020 4,275 15 35 9.9 3.7 1.0 25.2 57.5
2. India 2020 3,985 8 14 34.9 12.1 2.8 50.5 6.4
3. China 2020 3,089 5 8 12.3 9.6 1.7 91.1 13.1
4. Malaysia 2020 2,445 13 44 10.5 17.7 17.4 93.1 94.8
1. China 2020 18,881 24 109 6.0 2.5 1.6 94.4 91.3
3. Japan 2020 14,356 50 354 3.7 1.8 1.4 95.6 95.1
4. Singapore 2020 12,582 48 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 10,164 53 523 4.8 5.0 2.2 63.3 60.5

105
Iran
Iran

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 0 30.1 7.9 5.4 6.7 17.6 32.3 0 0
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 0 44.2 9.5 8.1 7.2 17.9 13.2 0 0.0
Imports

Cereals & preparations 31.1 0 55
Oilseeds, fats & oils 18.6 0 55
Cotton 17.6 0 26
Other agricultural products 17.7 0 55
Fish & fish products 29.1 0 55
Minerals & metals 14.6 0 55
Petroleum 6.4 0 40
Chemicals 9.4 0 55
Textiles 28.3 0 55
Clothing 55.0 0 55
Leather, footwear, etc. 27.5 0 55
Non-electrical machinery 11.2 0 55
Transport equipment 17.9 0 100
Manufactures, n.e.s. 18.7 0 55

1. China 2020 617 1 1 11.9 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. European Union 2020 405 12 22 17.2 2.3 0.0 10.0 23.2
4. India 2020 142 6 12 35.3 27.0 0.0 6.2 1.4
5. Qatar 2020 107 9 28 2.3 0.6 0.0 53.7 88.7
1. China 2020 6,350 7 18 6.0 3.6 0.0 12.3 26.8
2. Türkiye 2020 996 23 67 3.7 3.9 3.9 99.8 100.0
3. European Union 2020 298 32 114 4.4 3.6 0.0 20.6 30.6
4. Pakistan 2020 296 10 19 11.7 2.3 0.1 24.0 64.6
5. Armenia 2020 288 29 137 6.4 4.4 0.1 15.9 25.8

106
Israel
Israel

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 4.2 8.4 3.5 2.1 17.0 10.2 18.5 34.8 0.3
MFN applied 2021 50.7 9.1 10.6 9.2 6.1 7.8 4.5 1.6 16.8
Imports 2020 61.2 9.8 4.9 5.7 2.9 10.6 3.2 1.8 11.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 11.7 26.4 12.3 9.7 5.8 3.8 1.8 0.3 7.8
MFN applied 2021 78.9 0.6 11.2 8.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 71.4 0.4 18.1 9.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.3

Animal products 97.8 17.6 190 97.3 19.9 37.1 170 1.5 70.7
Dairy products 169.9 0 247 95.2 78.0 4.8 212 0.3 1.6
Fruit, vegetables, plants 107.6 0 560 99.0 15.7 23.1 200 1.5 18.9
Coffee, tea 9.2 0 25 100 0.1 99.0 5 0.7 98.2
Beverages & tobacco 131.8 1.0 255 96.1 5.5 58.5 30 1.3 86.6
Cotton 76.0 0 76 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Other agricultural products 35.9 7.2 170 99.3 2.4 69.2 44 0.7 66.6
Minerals & metals 8.9 9.3 80 83.9 2.7 70.7 17 14.2 62.9
Petroleum 25.0 0 45 33.3 2.9 63.9 8 1.3 100.0
Chemicals 8.2 9.4 70 85.3 0.9 90.0 12 16.5 84.0
Wood, paper, etc. 12.2 15.0 60 75.9 2.7 75.0 12 3.9 52.8
Textiles 27.5 0.9 235 49.8 0.8 93.0 22 2.4 87.2
Clothing 17.6 0 35 12.4 0.2 97.0 6 2.8 99.6

1. European Union 2020 852 21 70 14.7 9.5 7.2 65.5 79.7
4. Japan 2020 84 10 18 10.1 13.1 0.0 30.6 6.1
5. China 2020 72 10 20 11.3 10.6 0.0 16.2 10.1
2. European Union 2020 11,988 51 502 4.4 1.6 1.6 99.9 100.0
3. China 2020 6,662 28 125 5.7 1.9 0.0 15.0 64.6
4. India 2020 1,939 26 121 9.0 8.4 0.0 7.5 7.3
5. Hong Kong, China 2020 1,825 7 34 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

107
Jamaica
Jamaica

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.5 0.3 0.7 0 0 0.6 96.9 0 0.3
MFN applied 2021 31.0 14.7 1.5 3.7 13.1 34.6 1.5 0 0
Imports 2020 25.4 7.3 0.7 2.9 44.4 18.6 0.8 0 0
Final bound 0.3 4.7 13.1 0.4 0.0 81.4 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 63.0 6.2 3.0 4.4 18.6 4.7 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 48.8 6.6 7.8 12.2 21.1 3.5 0 0 0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 27.6 9.5 100 1.7 10.4
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 27.3 11.9 75 0.9 8.1
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 16.1 12.5 40 0.3 2.6
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 46.7 0.0 50 100 4.0 70.0 40 11.7 69.8
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100 5.5 36.3 30 15.6 52.5
Chemicals 25.0 0 100 100 2.5 83.8 40 13.4 57.9
Wood, paper, etc. 48.8 0 50 100 7.9 47.1 20 6.1 37.6
Textiles 49.5 0 50 100 3.2 81.9 30 1.5 29.1
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100 19.8 0.9 20 0.9 0.1

2. Canada 2020 38 10 32 11.5 2.7 1.6 91.8 99.3
3. European Union 2020 20 11 18 10.0 4.9 4.9 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 13 2 2 3.0 0.1 0.0 71.4 99.0
5. Barbados 2020 8 14 35 42.7 37.6 37.6 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 123 5 5 3.4 4.1 4.1 100.0 100.0
3. Iceland 2020 96 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Azerbaijan 2020 33 1 1 10.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 100.0

108
Japan
Japan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 34.1 18.2 16.4 7.7 10.9 5.8 2.6 4.1 15.1
MFN applied 2021 35.8 17.1 16.7 7.4 11.3 6.2 1.2 2.9 13.2
Imports 2020 34.8 17.5 15.4 9.7 9.4 10.6 0.1 0.6 8.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 55.9 25.7 15.2 2.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.7
MFN applied 2021 55.9 26.2 15.1 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.9
Imports 2020 81.0 10.9 6.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8

Animal products 14.5 45.7 341 100 11.2 46.2 341 2.2 2.9
Dairy products 107.6 0 628 100 91.4 0 628 0.3 16.0
Coffee, tea 13.6 22.2 143 100 14.3 22.2 143 0.4 54.3
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 1.0 69.9 10 99.9 1.0 70.3 10 19.8 91.8
Petroleum 21.3 54.2 473 80.0 0.7 64.7 8 8.7 94.0
Chemicals 2.3 37.4 7 100 2.1 41.9 7 12.4 65.1
Wood, paper, etc. 1.0 78.8 10 97.6 0.8 80.0 10 3.2 70.0
Textiles 5.5 7.6 25 100 5.4 8.4 25 2.8 6.9
Clothing 9.2 0 13 100 9.0 2.1 13 3.8 3.5

1. China 2020 1,228 17 48 13.0 12.8 0.0 7.9 6.7
2. Hong Kong, China 2020 1,139 20 87 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Chinese Taipei 2020 669 24 88 16.4 16.2 0.0 19.4 11.4
5. European Union 2020 367 24 93 14.7 8.3 8.1 86.9 98.4
1. China 2020 204,445 54 855 6.3 4.4 0.0 11.9 37.3
3. European Union 2020 56,022 59 1,040 4.5 2.8 1.9 94.8 82.7
5. Chinese Taipei 2020 45,016 54 830 4.7 2.4 0.0 36.7 63.9

109
Jordan
Jordan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.4 15.1 15.6 10.1 27.9 26.3 0.3 3.3 1.2
MFN applied 2020 35.1 7.5 6.1 3.3 23.4 21.4 0.3 3.0 0.9
Imports 2020 60.5 0.8 0.7 2.6 20.8 13.1 1.0 0.6 0.9
Final bound 7.0 22.1 16.7 8.1 25.0 21.0 0.0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2020 57.7 3.2 4.6 3.5 15.0 15.9 0 0 0
Imports 2020 53.5 5.8 5.9 1.9 16.4 16.4 0 0 0.0

Animal products 13.5 0 30 100 11.4 19.4 30 3.8 88.3
Dairy products 16.3 7.1 30 100 8.5 57.1 30 1.7 81.4
Coffee, tea 20.5 0 30 100 14.0 35.4 30 1.7 25.1
Cotton 9.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 19.3 0.1 30 100 11.0 46.8 30 15.3 36.4
Petroleum 14.7 0 20 100 12.3 23.3 20 8.0 0.2
Chemicals 5.2 10.7 30 100 1.2 83.8 30 13.7 79.2
Wood, paper, etc. 21.0 1.0 30 100 12.1 48.9 30 3.8 64.5
Textiles 15.4 0.2 30 100 4.7 75.8 30 6.1 86.2
Clothing 19.5 0 20 100 19.7 0.5 20 2.0 0.4

4. European Union 2020 54 16 63 16.9 29.3 29.3 99.5 99.9
5. Qatar 2020 50 18 70 6.6 6.7 6.7 100.0 100.0
2. India 2020 1,064 3 8 9.0 5.4 0.0 2.0 1.0
4. China 2020 518 4 5 6.2 4.3 0.0 9.1 0.1

110
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 6.0 42.4 24.0 20.9 3.4 2.3 0.7 0.3 18.2
MFN applied 2021 13.1 38.7 22.4 19.5 2.6 2.9 0.5 0.3 17.3
Imports 2020 10.6 22.0 25.9 27.8 2.6 2.2 8.2 0.7 43.7
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 16.3 45.1 28.8 9.6 0.1 0.0 0 0 6.2
MFN applied 2021 28.8 38.2 25.6 7.4 0.1 0 0 0 5.9
Imports 2020 42.2 27.8 23.9 5.9 0.1 0 0 0 3.6

Animal products 18.0 8.7 185 100 16.5 19.0 150 1.1 11.6
Dairy products 14.4 0 18 100 14.3 0 18 0.8 0
Coffee, tea 5.9 4.2 25 100 4.9 29.2 25 1.0 31.3
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.0 6.4 15 100 6.3 13.6 15 18.4 24.9
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 100 4.4 12.7 5 1.2 1.0
Chemicals 4.7 9.1 8 100 4.2 17.2 8 12.9 37.8
Wood, paper, etc. 5.0 37.6 21 100 5.2 36.0 21 3.5 24.4
Textiles 7.4 0.2 15 100 7.2 1.2 15 2.2 1.4
Clothing 8.7 0 42 100 8.1 0 16 1.7 0

1. Uzbekistan 2020 874 11 22 10.7 2.3 2.3 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 446 9 16 13.4 18.1 0.0 2.1 1.9
4. Tajikistan 2020 334 9 20 9.6 5.7 5.7 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 247 5 8 12.0 0.6 0.0 23.2 96.6
1. European Union 2020 13,871 3 3 4.2 0.2 0.0 24.1 96.3
2. China 2020 11,469 6 14 4.9 1.5 0.0 15.1 47.3
4. Uzbekistan 2020 1,234 42 424 8.3 4.1 4.1 100.0 100.0
5. Türkiye 2020 1,097 6 7 6.4 0.8 0.0 19.1 72.2

111
Kenya
Kenya

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 15.3 0 16.2 0 59.6 4.8 2.9 0 3.1
Imports 2020 32.8 0 5.2 0 16.1 30.9 14.1 0 21.8
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 2.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 41.1 0 20.4 0.2 31.3 6.5 0.1 0.0 3.1
Imports 2020 50.0 0 23.1 0.0 21.0 4.5 0.1 0.0 4.7

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 23.3 7.7 30 0.1 8.8
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 52.4 0 60 0.5 0
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 20.6 16.7 30 0.3 8.4
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 62.0 0 62 0.9 11.9 35.5 42 15.3 60.0
Petroleum - - - 0 4.5 61.4 30 12.3 37.1
Chemicals 37.6 0 100 2.7 3.5 79.7 25 15.1 77.6
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 14.4 28.3 79 4.3 7.5
Textiles - - - 0 19.5 7.4 51 4.4 11.4
Clothing - - - 0 30.1 0 50 0.9 0
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0 3.2 75.6 25 9.5 74.2

1. European Union 2020 1,074 10 25 11.6 7.6 7.6 100.0 100.0
2. Pakistan 2020 515 1 1 9.1 10.7 0.0 5.6 0.0
5. Uganda 2020 122 17 38 29.4 29.1 29.1 100.0 100.0
1. Uganda 2020 650 36 128 13.5 20.1 20.1 100.0 100.0
3. Rwanda 2020 342 38 146 13.5 22.3 22.3 100.0 100.0
4. Tanzania 2020 214 38 135 13.5 19.8 19.8 100.0 100.0
5. China 2020 124 5 9 5.5 1.1 0.0 19.4 81.1

112
Kiribati
Kiribati

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 0.0 100.0 0 7.1 100.0
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0 1.7 100.0
Coffee, tea 0.0 100.0 0 0.9 100.0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 0.0 100.0 0 7.0 100.0
Petroleum 0.0 100.0 0 13.6 100.0
Chemicals 0.0 100.0 0 4.8 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.0 100.0 0 5.9 100.0
Textiles 0.0 100.0 0 2.0 100.0
Clothing 0.0 100.0 0 0.7 100.0

1. Malaysia 2020 1 2 3 3.3 4.4 0.0 33.3 12.3
2. Fiji 2020 0 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. European Union 2020 0 1 1 6.4 6.4 6.4 100.0 100.0
4. Indonesia 2020 0 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. Thailand 2020 70 1 3 1.7 0.0 0.0 83.3 100.0
2. Philippines 2020 12 1 2 5.6 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Japan 2020 4 1 2 3.1 3.5 3.5 100.0 100.0
4. Ecuador 2020 4 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

113
Korea, Republic of
Korea, Republic of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 2.0 5.1 8.5 7.9 23.2 33.2 10.2 9.9 5.3
MFN applied 2021 5.5 17.7 22.5 1.2 12.9 28.1 2.0 10.0 3.1
Imports 2020 3.6 19.3 21.1 1.5 11.4 26.7 1.0 15.4 3.6
Final bound 18.0 7.4 22.6 32.6 5.6 6.4 0.0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 18.9 11.4 59.4 6.4 3.8 0.0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 41.7 24.8 29.8 3.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0 0.0

Animal products 25.5 0.8 89 100 21.5 3.1 89 1.1 0.0
Dairy products 68.2 0 176 100 66.0 0 176 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 76.3 0 514 100 56.4 0 514 0.3 0
Cotton 2.0 0 2 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 7.4 22.5 35 95.8 4.6 27.0 8 19.1 45.9
Petroleum 9.6 0 13 83.3 4.5 3.3 8 12.2 0
Chemicals 5.7 7.5 50 97.4 5.6 7.1 50 11.1 19.7
Wood, paper, etc. 3.3 68.8 35 92.1 2.4 64.4 13 2.0 63.0
Textiles 16.6 0.5 30 98.5 9.0 1.6 13 1.9 7.9
Clothing 28.5 0 35 100 12.5 0 13 1.9 0

1. Japan 2020 2,085 19 51 19.8 7.9 0.0 17.6 36.6
3. China 2020 764 13 33 12.8 16.6 0.9 13.0 5.4
5. Hong Kong, China 2020 374 15 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 191,609 39 337 6.2 2.1 0.8 43.5 65.7
3. European Union 2020 49,281 55 728 4.5 3.2 3.2 100.0 100.0
4. Viet Nam 2020 46,510 50 495 9.5 3.0 2.1 90.0 92.4
5. Hong Kong, China 2020 38,785 24 67 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

114
Kuwait, the State of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 23.4 67.8 0 0 0 0 1.3 0 8.7
Imports 2020 40.1 54.6 0 0 0 0 5.2 0 5.4
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 2.3 0 0 0 0 0 97.6 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4
Imports 2020 22.0 77.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 2.8 36.5 5 3.3 44.9
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 2.1 0
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 3.1 37.5 5 1.3 34.7
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 99.9 0.1 100 100 4.9 2.3 5 14.8 10.6
Petroleum - - - 0 5.0 0 5 0.4 0
Chemicals 99.9 0.1 100 100 4.4 11.5 5 14.6 43.4
Wood, paper, etc. 100.0 0 100 100 4.8 5.0 5 3.8 4.9
Textiles 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0.2 5 2.7 1.8
Clothing 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 4.0 0

2. Qatar 2020 59 14 32 3.9 3.8 3.8 100.0 100.0
5. Jordan 2020 11 9 17 18.9 19.9 19.9 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 12,258 2 5 5.6 0.7 0.0 10.3 84.3
3. India 2020 5,213 7 11 8.6 1.4 0.0 4.7 0.8
4. Japan 2020 4,558 1 2 0.3 0.0 0.0 83.3 99.4
5. Viet Nam 2020 3,202 1 1 6.0 0.0 0.0 39.1 99.7

115
Kyrgyz Republic
Kyrgyz Republic

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.2 8.9 55.1 11.9 22.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.3
MFN applied 2021 10.0 39.1 20.5 27.1 2.1 0.8 0.1 0.3 24.1
Imports 2020 2.5 20.7 40.8 30.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 0.0 57.7
Final bound 22.4 11.0 59.1 7.4 0.0 0 0 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 16.9 41.6 29.1 11.3 0.9 0.1 0.0 0 6.8
Imports 2020 16.7 47.6 25.9 8.3 1.2 0.1 0.0 0 6.2

Animal products 10.2 0 15 100 11.6 14.8 80 1.2 6.1
Dairy products 11.5 0 15 100 14.7 0 15 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 10.6 0 15 100 5.7 29.2 15 1.4 6.7
Sugars and confectionery 9.7 6.3 30 100 11.1 0 30 0.6 0
Cotton 10.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 5.5 42.2 10 99.8 7.4 8.2 69 16.8 10.4
Petroleum 7.5 0 10 100 4.4 12.7 5 12.8 0
Chemicals 5.4 10.5 10 100 4.5 10.5 10 14.1 3.3
Wood, paper, etc. 0.7 93.3 10 100 7.8 5.8 15 4.4 2.7
Textiles 8.6 0.2 12 99.8 7.7 1.0 36 6.4 2.9
Clothing 11.9 0 12 100 9.5 0 18 2.5 0

2. Kazakhstan 2020 58 13 43 12.6 14.7 14.7 100.0 100.0
3. Türkiye 2020 32 5 7 31.9 3.4 0.0 23.7 81.5
4. Uzbekistan 2020 21 10 20 13.4 4.2 4.2 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 18 7 13 7.5 1.8 1.6 98.8 99.5
1. Kazakhstan 2020 176 39 134 5.7 3.3 3.3 100.0 100.0
3. Uzbekistan 2020 117 13 33 11.0 7.9 7.9 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 99 3 5 5.4 0.1 0.1 99.8 100.0

116
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Lao People's Democratic Republic

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 7.1 10.1 37.8 4.7 10.6 25.3 4.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 10.0 36.4 31.6 0.4 6.3 14.6 0 0 0
Imports 2020 3.3 20.8 47.6 2.2 0.5 25.6 0 0 0.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.1 11.1 13.7 15.4 39.0 20.6 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0.3 58.0 33.9 0.1 5.2 2.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 2.6 60.0 28.2 0.3 4.5 4.4 0 0 0

Animal products 16.7 0 50 100 10.9 0 30 6.7 0
Dairy products 5.0 0 5 100 5.0 0 5 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 41.7 0 60 100 24.2 0 40 0.1 0
Sugars and confectionery 13.8 5.9 40 100 10.6 5.9 30 0.9 0
Cotton 9.0 40.0 15 100 3.0 40.0 5 0.0 89.5
Minerals & metals 15.5 0 40 100 5.8 0 20 16.9 0
Petroleum 6.5 0 15 100 5.1 0 5 10.2 0
Chemicals 19.6 0.4 50 100 6.6 0 40 8.2 0
Wood, paper, etc. 29.8 0 50 100 14.3 0 40 5.0 0
Textiles 17.6 0 40 100 8.8 0 30 3.6 0
Clothing 19.9 0 20 100 10.0 0 10 0.3 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 22.0 0 40 100 10.2 0 40 3.4 0

1. China 2020 268 5 6 20.3 34.2 14.9 70.4 60.4
2. Thailand 2020 249 10 16 43.0 41.9 41.8 94.8 96.7
3. Viet Nam 2020 132 9 10 22.3 17.0 16.8 93.5 95.7
4. European Union 2020 108 6 9 12.6 36.5 36.5 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2020 9 3 3 4.1 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
1. Thailand 2020 2,746 6 9 8.8 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 1,491 7 14 4.5 4.0 0.8 95.5 81.4
3. Viet Nam 2020 325 9 13 10.0 1.7 1.7 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 234 9 48 5.8 10.8 10.8 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2020 120 13 48 10.2 20.0 19.5 99.4 97.8

117
Lebanese Republic
Lebanese Republic

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 22.2 49.3 0.7 3.2 6.1 7.4 10.3 0.8 10.3
Imports 2020 53.2 33.8 0.6 2.2 3.7 4.0 2.3 0.1 2.9
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 42.3 45.4 3.4 2.8 4.3 1.6 0.1 0 5.6
Imports 2020 33.5 58.3 1.9 2.4 3.1 0.7 0.0 0 15.5

Animal products 8.1 8.6 80 4.0 93.1
Dairy products 20.1 16.7 107 1.4 21.6
Coffee, tea 6.7 29.2 20 1.1 18.6
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 4.2 39.1 75 14.6 61.1
Petroleum 4.0 10.0 5 27.3 39.6
Chemicals 2.5 61.2 20 17.1 15.5
Wood, paper, etc. 7.4 45.9 30 2.9 39.7
Textiles 2.9 83.4 63 1.3 62.8
Clothing 13.6 0 71 1.3 0

2. European Union 2020 130 15 75 15.8 8.9 8.5 75.5 95.5
4. Qatar 2020 89 18 71 3.4 1.7 1.7 100.0 100.0
1. Switzerland 2020 1,080 1 2 1.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 378 40 156 4.5 2.3 2.3 100.0 100.0

118
Lesotho
Lesotho

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 99.4 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.0 13.7 6.5 15.6 6.1 0.6 0.2 13.7
Imports 2020 30.7 12.6 14.9 7.2 13.7 15.1 5.1 0.5 30.7
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0.0 0 0.9
Imports 2020 33.9 15.5 5.3 6.1 32.1 7.2 0.0 0 14.9

Animal products 200.0 0 200 100 11.2 60.4 82 3.5 34.2
Dairy products 200.0 0 200 100 7.7 23.8 21 1.4 70.7
Coffee, tea 200.0 0 200 100 7.4 45.8 25 0.3 6.5
Cotton 200.0 0 200 100 4.4 66.7 15 1.2 15.1
Minerals & metals 60.0 0 60 100 5.0 62.1 30 7.9 62.2
Petroleum 60.0 0 60 100 0.7 55.6 15 7.5 13.4
Chemicals 60.1 0 200 100 2.1 84.5 30 9.5 55.5
Wood, paper, etc. 60.0 0 60 100 6.1 62.4 45 4.2 27.7
Textiles 60.0 0 60 100 16.7 18.7 60 14.2 2.3
Clothing 60.0 0 60 100 41.1 1.9 45 3.0 1.1

1. South Africa 2020 70 5 7 10.2 5.8 5.8 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 8 1 2 20.2 35.7 35.7 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 3 3 4 5.1 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0
4. Botswana 2020 2 1 1 8.9 15.0 15.0 100.0 100.0
5. Israel 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 306 1 1 6.8 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
3. South Africa 2020 174 20 95 14.5 33.8 33.8 100.0 100.0
4. Switzerland 2020 30 1 1 1.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

119
Liberia
Liberia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 4.0 23.5 52.9 19.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 0.1 7.3 2.9 1.1 42.7 46.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 33.2 0 45 100 24.5 0 35
Dairy products 23.2 0 45 100 17.2 0 35
Coffee, tea 27.8 0 50 100 18.5 0 35
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5
Minerals & metals 26.6 0 40 100 11.6 2.0 20
Petroleum 24.0 0 30 100 7.7 19.0 10
Chemicals 26.9 0.1 50 100 7.2 4.8 35
Wood, paper, etc. 32.0 0.4 50 100 11.2 4.6 20
Textiles 28.1 0 50 100 16.1 0.3 35
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 20.0 0 20
Non-electrical machinery 20.7 0 40 100 6.8 0 20
Manufactures, n.e.s. 30.2 0 50 100 14.2 2.1 20

1. European Union 2020 35 2 2 5.3 0.7 0.7 100.0 100.0
2. Côte d'Ivoire 7 2 2 11.7 6.2 6.2 100.0 100.0
3. Ghana 6 1 1 16.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
4. Senegal 2020 6 1 2 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
5. Angola 2019 4 9 18 14.3 8.3 0.0 21.7 38.4
1. European Union 2020 373 3 3 2.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 139 3 3 4.3 1.1 1.1 94.8 99.8
3. Switzerland 2020 101 1 1 0.9 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Türkiye 2020 100 2 2 1.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

120
Libya
Libya

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 6.8 87.4 1.6 0.1 0 4.2 0 0 0
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 3.6 94.2 1.4 0 0 0.8 0 0 0
Imports

Coffee, tea 3.5 29.2 5
Cotton 5.0 0 5
Petroleum 5.0 0 5
Textiles 4.9 1.5 5
Clothing 5.0 0 5

1. Morocco 2020 5 1 1 40.0 40.0 40.0 100.0 100.0
2. Türkiye 2020 2 3 6 7.7 2.6 0.0 47.1 86.5
3. India 2020 1 1 2 1.7 2.5 0.0 33.3 1.4
5. Indonesia 2020 1 1 1 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2020 3,757 1 2 3.5 0.0 0.0 25.2 97.3
2. Türkiye 2020 1,665 5 7 2.5 0.2 0.0 53.0 98.7
3. China 2020 1,160 1 1 4.5 0.0 0.0 7.1 99.4
5. Thailand 2020 328 1 1 0.8 0.0 0.0 83.3 100.0

121
Macao, China
Macao, China

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 99.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Final bound 19.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.3 100.0
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.3 100.0
Coffee, tea 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.4 100.0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0 0
Minerals & metals 0.0 100.0 0 12.7 0.0 100.0 0 9.9 100.0
Petroleum - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 0.4 100.0
Chemicals 0.0 100.0 0 28.5 0.0 100.0 0 29.0 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.0 100.0 0 16.3 0.0 100.0 0 1.6 100.0
Textiles 0.0 100.0 0 2.9 0.0 100.0 0 1.4 100.0
Clothing 0.0 100.0 0 0.9 0.0 100.0 0 6.0 100.0

1. Hong Kong, China 2020 14 6 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 10 3 3 11.8 22.0 22.0 100.0 100.0
3. Chinese Taipei 2020 1 2 2 17.1 22.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Canada 2020 0 3 4 1.5 2.0 0.0 68.4 8.9
1. China 2020 100 10 13 5.7 2.8 2.8 98.0 100.0
2. Hong Kong, China 2020 98 16 31 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 58 26 128 5.2 2.2 0.0 19.3 64.5
5. Australia 2020 53 3 4 3.2 0.2 0.0 36.5 96.6

122
Madagascar
Madagascar

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 5.9 15.8 19.6 0 58.7 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 35.4 17.6 30.1 0 16.9 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.1 0.2 1.1 1.5 4.5 12.7 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 5.5 35.6 23.5 0 35.2 0 0 0 0.2
Imports 2020 14.6 20.8 22.7 0 27.2 0 0 0 14.8

Animal products 30.0 0 30 100 18.6 7.2 20 0.0 53.1
Dairy products 30.0 0 30 100 18.6 0 20 0.7 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 30.0 0 30 100 17.9 0.5 20 0.4 0
Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100 17.9 0 20 0.1 0
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 14.7 0 25 6.6 10.7 2.9 20 11.6 6.2
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 83.3 9.0 0 20 11.9 0
Chemicals 30.0 0 30 59.9 6.9 7.8 20 12.3 43.5
Wood, paper, etc. 2.5 50.0 5 2.8 12.3 3.7 20 4.3 6.9
Textiles 17.5 0 30 1.0 14.9 4.1 20 14.0 9.9
Clothing - - - 0 19.9 0 20 0.5 0

1. European Union 2020 391 9 21 12.9 5.7 5.7 100.0 100.0
3. India 2020 64 6 7 23.8 28.1 26.1 81.5 93.1
4. Canada 2020 28 3 5 1.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Indonesia 2020 25 3 3 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2020 545 28 125 6.4 9.5 9.5 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 136 15 39 6.4 2.9 2.9 99.6 100.0
5. Japan 2020 100 6 8 6.9 3.0 2.9 98.3 99.8

123
Malawi
Malawi

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 1.3 95.1 0
MFN applied 2021 11.8 0.3 30.8 0 57.1 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 15.6 0.0 27.2 0 57.2 0 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0.1 23.1 1.3 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 36.5 0.9 28.9 0.2 33.6 0 0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 47.7 1.2 23.1 0.4 27.7 0 0 0 0

Animal products 125.0 0 125 100 16.0 3.6 25 0.1 52.0
Dairy products 108.8 0 125 100 20.7 0 25 0.4 0
Coffee, tea 95.6 0 125 100 23.8 0 25 0.1 0
Cotton 106.0 0 125 100 2.0 80.0 10 0.0 92.5
Minerals & metals 41.2 0 65 7.0 11.8 13.1 25 18.7 52.3
Petroleum - - - 0 6.2 44.6 20 7.3 0.1
Chemicals 40.1 0 125 61.2 3.4 81.0 25 16.9 72.2
Wood, paper, etc. 42.4 0 65 12.8 15.1 5.9 25 12.3 42.9
Textiles 45.0 0 45 0.2 18.4 13.5 25 4.4 5.7
Clothing - - - 0 25.0 0 25 1.0 0

1. European Union 2020 224 4 6 10.0 14.5 14.5 100.0 100.0
2. Ukraine 2020 69 1 2 6.2 1.0 0.0 18.2 0.0
5. South Africa 2020 37 6 14 11.3 11.8 6.6 96.7 92.7
2. Ethiopia 2020 18 1 1 21.3 5.0 0.5 0.0 0.0
3. Zambia 2020 12 11 22 16.1 22.3 22.3 100.0 100.0
4. South Africa 2020 8 10 14 6.3 1.6 1.6 100.0 100.0
5. Mozambique 2020 6 14 39 9.5 9.4 9.4 100.0 100.0

124
Malaysia
Malaysia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 13.0 31.7 16.7 12.5 7.9 3.4 4.2 10.3 20.9
MFN applied 2021 74.7 11.0 4.2 1.6 2.7 3.0 1.0 1.6 4.9
Imports 2020 70.2 13.1 3.8 3.5 0.9 6.3 0.8 1.3 3.7
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 4.9 31.4 6.1 1.2 19.0 19.2 0.0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 65.2 8.6 7.8 4.5 9.9 4.0 0.0 0 0.0
Imports 2020 82.0 4.4 2.5 2.5 5.4 3.1 0.1 0 0.0

Animal products 30.9 7.9 168 100 3.2 89.4 50 0.5 84.7
Dairy products 24.1 5.0 295 100 3.7 82.5 50 0.5 96.5
Fruit, vegetables, plants 100.0 10.9 > 1000 100 3.0 74.0 101 1.2 70.5
Coffee, tea 18.7 4.2 69 100 5.6 44.4 15 0.9 76.1
Oilseeds, fats & oils 31.5 4.2 > 1000 100 1.9 65.2 20 1.9 63.4
Beverages & tobacco 220.5 0 > 1000 100 78.4 27.7 > 1000 0.4 2.0
Cotton 4.0 20.0 5 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 17.6 0.1 30 65.2 7.1 50.3 60 15.9 68.8
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 80.0 0.6 87.8 5 9.5 98.9
Chemicals 11.5 0.8 64 75.2 2.5 84.8 50 10.7 72.5
Wood, paper, etc. 19.3 3.5 35 92.9 9.7 47.5 40 2.3 57.2
Textiles 19.0 0 35 98.6 8.8 31.3 30 1.3 31.1
Clothing 20.7 0 30 98.3 0.2 99.0 20 0.6 99.5

1. India 2020 2,536 2 4 36.6 8.8 0.7 55.6 4.1
2. China 2020 2,514 4 6 13.4 9.5 1.9 89.1 10.7
3. Singapore 2020 2,073 21 137 0.3 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 1,860 7 17 12.3 4.3 0.0 14.6 32.9
1. China 2020 77,896 20 101 5.8 1.4 1.3 94.8 98.7
3. Singapore 2020 39,536 44 352 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 25,185 38 294 4.3 1.0 0.0 22.2 72.8
5. Hong Kong, China 2020 22,695 7 39 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

125
Maldives
Maldives

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 94.5 0 5.4 0
MFN applied 2021 75.3 0.0 0 2.5 13.2 5.6 1.2 2.1 2.6
Imports 2020 84.6 0.2 0 4.5 1.1 1.4 1.8 6.3 0.0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 91.7 0 1.9 0
MFN applied 2021 39.4 7.2 7.5 16.6 25.6 2.9 0.3 0.4 0
Imports 2020 41.5 26.4 6.6 2.5 20.6 1.7 0.3 0.4 0

Animal products 58.4 0 300 100 14.4 58.4 50 2.4 90.4
Dairy products 30.0 0 30 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.0 100.0
Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100 3.6 92.4 50 1.3 98.8
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 30.0 0 30 100 5.9 42.3 50 13.5 60.7
Petroleum 30.0 0 30 100 0.9 82.1 5 14.0 3.5
Chemicals 30.3 0 300 100 15.6 16.0 400 11.2 71.2
Wood, paper, etc. 30.0 0 30 100 5.3 60.4 200 7.4 45.7
Textiles 30.0 0 30 99.8 3.4 78.8 50 1.9 29.3
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.0 100.0

1. Malaysia 2020 0 2 3 3.6 0.2 0.0 66.7 97.2
3. European Union 2020 0 7 11 18.2 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Jordan 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Iceland 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Thailand 2020 70 1 2 10.0 0.1 0.0 31.3 98.6
2. European Union 2020 70 2 5 4.6 19.2 0.0 25.2 2.9
3. India 2020 24 6 7 10.0 6.8 6.8 100.0 100.0
5. Sri Lanka 2020 9 4 7 9.8 2.2 1.3 57.3 85.8

126
Mali
Mali

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 0 97.8 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.9 11.5 6.4 5.0 3.8 0 2.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 60.0 0 60 100 24.5 0 35
Dairy products 37.3 0 60 100 17.2 0 35
Coffee, tea 60.0 0 60 100 18.5 0 35
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 5.0 0 5
Minerals & metals 31.9 6.0 60 11.0 11.6 2.0 20
Petroleum 7.8 0 10 83.3 7.7 19.0 10
Chemicals 28.4 0 60 1.5 7.2 4.8 35
Wood, paper, etc. 5.8 0 15 4.3 11.2 4.6 20
Textiles 18.4 0 25 26.3 16.1 0.3 35
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.6 20.0 0 20
Electrical machinery 6.9 0.4 7 93.6 11.2 0.4 20

1. China 2020 108 2 2 14.0 13.7 13.7 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 23 10 15 11.5 3.0 3.0 100.0 100.0
3. Mauritania 2020 17 3 4 12.0 1.3 0.0 13.6 90.0
4. India 2020 13 3 4 21.8 21.4 20.8 85.7 97.9
5. Thailand 2020 4 1 1 13.5 0.0 0.0 50.0 100.0
2. Switzerland 2020 1,499 1 1 1.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Australia 2020 281 1 1 2.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. China 2020 69 2 3 4.3 0.1 0.1 96.5 100.0
5. Burkina Faso 2020 44 2 3 12.4 4.9 4.9 100.0 100.0

127
Mauritania
Mauritania

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 30.4 54.6 13.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.5 28.0 16.9 0 41.1 10.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 49.7 29.1 3.1 0 17.0 1.1 0 0 0
Final bound 0.8 11.5 6.4 5.0 3.8 2.3 0.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.2 21.3 0.0 36.0 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 4.8 32.3 19.3 0 43.4 0.2 0 0 0

Animal products 40.4 0 50 100 24.0 0 35 0.9 0
Dairy products 20.1 0 30 100 16.3 4.8 35 2.8 66.6
Coffee, tea 46.7 0 75 100 18.5 0 35 0.8 0
Cotton 25.0 0 25 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 5.9 11.5 16 5.7 11.7 2.0 20 11.1 13.3
Petroleum 7.7 0 10 83.3 8.8 19.0 20 27.6 0.1
Chemicals 18.2 0 30 1.4 7.1 4.8 35 5.9 27.2
Wood, paper, etc. 5.8 0 15 4.3 11.1 4.7 20 1.5 7.5
Textiles 18.4 0 25 26.3 16.1 0.3 35 1.5 7.6
Clothing 15.0 0 15 70.6 20.0 0 20 0.4 0

1. Mali 5 10 20 19.2 25.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Nigeria 2020 3 1 1 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Norway 2020 2 1 1 15.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. China 2020 2 2 2 5.3 5.9 5.9 100.0 100.0
5. Senegal 2020 2 8 15 17.3 16.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. China 2020 1,298 2 3 5.6 0.4 0.4 97.3 100.0
2. Canada 2020 579 1 1 8.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 561 5 12 5.4 4.5 4.5 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 185 2 2 3.6 4.4 4.4 83.3 100.0
5. Côte d'Ivoire 151 1 5 13.2 9.8 0.0 2.1 1.7

128
Mauritius
Mauritius

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 1.3 96.1 0
MFN applied 2021 92.5 0 3.1 2.7 0 1.2 0.5 0 0
Imports 2020 91.1 0 1.7 4.6 0 1.4 1.1 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 5.7 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 96.4 0.0 0.1 2.6 0 0.9 0 0 0
Imports 2020 95.6 0 0.2 2.8 0 1.4 0 0 0

Animal products 120.5 0 122 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.2 100.0
Dairy products 101.8 0 122 100 0.0 100.0 0 2.6 100.0
Coffee, tea 118.7 0 122 100 2.5 91.7 30 0.7 95.8
Cotton 122.0 0 122 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.7 100.0
Minerals & metals 62.4 4.0 65 2.8 0.5 97.1 30 13.4 95.5
Petroleum - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 12.4 100.0
Chemicals 42.3 45.8 122 2.6 0.4 97.2 30 11.0 89.6
Wood, paper, etc. 48.8 25.0 65 1.4 3.8 82.8 30 3.7 70.9
Textiles - - - 0 0.9 94.7 30 4.3 94.3
Clothing - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 1.7 100.0

1. European Union 2020 153 9 16 11.9 52.1 52.1 97.2 99.8
2. Zimbabwe 2020 58 2 5 17.4 6.2 6.2 100.0 100.0
3. Kenya 2020 39 2 3 60.0 93.3 93.3 100.0 100.0
5. Mozambique 2020 14 2 4 5.6 3.3 3.3 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 441 36 149 5.2 14.4 14.4 100.0 100.0
3. South Africa 2020 148 24 68 17.5 36.2 36.2 100.0 100.0
4. Zimbabwe 2020 103 25 90 16.3 10.3 9.7 99.8 96.2
5. Zambia 2020 101 18 46 13.4 5.1 5.1 100.0 100.0

129
Mexico
Mexico

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.4 0.2 3.8 0 11.5 75.4 2.2 6.5 7.9
MFN applied 2021 22.0 3.7 26.1 9.2 34.0 3.1 1.6 0 4.8
Imports 2020 40.2 3.1 9.7 6.1 27.4 8.0 5.6 0 6.9
Final bound 0.2 0 0.5 0.0 2.2 97.0 0 0.0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 52.3 8.4 14.0 17.7 7.0 0.3 0 0 0.4
Imports 2020 72.8 10.1 6.1 7.4 3.3 0.3 0 0 0.0

Animal products 67.1 0 254 100 16.3 13.5 75 1.1 0.6
Dairy products 61.8 0 156 100 20.9 3.6 45 0.4 0.4
Coffee, tea 64.6 0 156 100 20.2 20.8 45 0.2 19.5
Cotton 39.4 0 45 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 34.3 0.9 50 100 4.2 66.6 15 12.0 69.2
Petroleum 37.5 0 50 100 0.3 91.7 3 4.5 95.9
Chemicals 35.2 0.1 156 100 2.4 68.6 20 12.6 49.4
Wood, paper, etc. 34.2 0.8 50 100 4.4 51.8 20 2.7 60.2
Textiles 35.0 0 50 100 9.7 11.6 25 2.0 23.8
Clothing 35.1 0 50 100 21.2 0 25 0.9 0

2. Canada 2020 2,399 16 69 9.3 1.7 1.6 96.5 100.0
3. Japan 2020 1,208 12 37 13.1 18.3 5.5 72.1 46.0
4. European Union 2020 1,161 23 73 12.9 5.6 3.9 68.2 85.7
5. China 2020 656 7 13 12.0 14.1 0.0 5.6 14.6
2. European Union 2020 21,155 50 396 4.4 3.1 3.1 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 19,845 34 192 5.9 2.4 0.0 14.9 53.3
4. Canada 2020 15,793 47 421 3.2 3.0 3.0 100.0 100.0

130

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0 92.4 0 0 4.0 3.1 0.1 0.4 1.5
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0 95.7 0 0 4.3 0 0 0 0.1
Imports

Cotton 4.0 0 4
Petroleum 3.4 0 4
Chemicals 4.4 0 25
Textiles 4.0 0 25
Clothing 4.0 0 4

2. Nigeria 2020 0 1 1 20.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. Thailand 2020 98 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Philippines 2020 16 1 2 4.2 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. China 2020 7 1 2 5.3 7.0 0.0 25.0 0.3
4. Japan 2020 5 1 6 4.6 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

131
Moldova, Republic of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 3.2 9.8 31.4 35.1 17.2 0.9 1.9 0 8.9
MFN applied 2021 9.3 15.1 25.6 34.2 10.6 2.9 0.4 0 10.2
Imports 2020 6.8 10.7 31.4 38.6 5.9 4.9 0.7 0 15.5
Final bound 29.0 13.4 47.4 10.2 0.1 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 42.1 20.8 28.5 8.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.2
Imports 2020 54.8 16.5 22.6 6.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 17.2 0.9 30 100 15.9 13.3 30 0.9 8.6
Dairy products 14.2 0 33 100 14.2 1.0 33 1.3 0.0
Coffee, tea 10.6 0 15 100 10.6 0 15 1.1 0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0 0
Minerals & metals 3.4 59.3 20 100 2.7 66.3 20 15.6 76.5
Petroleum 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 6.5 100.0
Chemicals 4.5 25.6 10 100 3.8 28.2 7 15.4 47.3
Wood, paper, etc. 5.8 33.1 15 100 4.1 46.6 15 5.7 50.8
Textiles 7.9 1.5 20 100 5.2 29.1 20 5.5 31.1
Clothing 12.0 0 12 100 11.9 0 12 2.3 0

1. European Union 2020 592 17 64 13.2 9.5 8.9 92.1 95.2
3. Türkiye 2020 145 6 9 22.9 22.9 0.0 36.5 15.1
4. Belarus 2020 57 5 17 8.2 10.4 10.4 100.0 100.0
5. Lebanese Republic 2020 23 3 4 8.1 0.1 0.0 43.8 99.1
1. European Union 2020 836 36 187 4.4 3.5 3.5 100.0 100.0
3. Ukraine 2020 53 31 92 5.2 2.1 2.1 100.0 100.0
4. China 2020 51 9 48 6.2 7.6 0.0 9.3 12.1

132
Mongolia
Mongolia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.9 0.9 0.8 24.0 71.7 1.5 0.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.7 84.5 0.1 6.7 2.7 1.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0.0 81.4 0.1 6.6 1.9 10.0 0 0 0.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 1.8 0.1 20.7 0.0 73.8 3.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0.9 96.8 0.2 0.0 0.4 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 1.9 96.7 0.1 0.0 1.1 0 0 0 0.1

Animal products 15.2 5.9 20 100 7.1 5.4 20 0.8 0.8
Dairy products 16.3 0 20 100 12.4 0 20 0.6 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 18.6 0 20 100 5.4 1.4 20 1.3 0
Coffee, tea 19.7 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 1.3 0
Cereals & preparations 19.1 0 20 100 5.4 10.4 15 4.6 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 19.5 0 20 100 4.8 3.0 5 0.8 0
Cotton 19.0 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 19.6 0 20 100 4.8 4.8 5 0.2 0
Minerals & metals 19.6 0 20 100 5.1 0 20 14.9 0
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100 3.1 24.9 5 15.4 0.8
Chemicals 5.8 6.3 20 100 5.0 0 7 8.2 0
Wood, paper, etc. 19.4 0 30 100 5.4 0 20 2.9 0
Textiles 19.6 0.2 30 100 5.1 0 20 1.2 0
Clothing 26.0 0 30 100 5.1 0 20 0.6 0

1. China 2020 478 4 6 9.3 9.9 0.0 4.5 0.1
2. European Union 2020 34 3 3 10.1 0.0 0.0 77.6 100.0
3. Benin 2020 6 1 1 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Japan 2020 3 6 7 4.9 1.4 0.9 68.4 89.4
1. China 2020 6,004 4 7 5.6 1.1 0.0 12.9 64.3
2. Switzerland 2020 930 1 1 2.1 0.0 0.0 50.0 99.9
4. Thailand 2020 26 2 2 14.6 0.6 0.0 20.0 54.5
5. European Union 2020 24 19 70 5.4 8.1 8.0 99.6 93.6

133
Montenegro
Montenegro

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 22.9 16.8 24.6 11.9 14.3 9.5 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 30.3 25.6 15.3 7.7 13.4 7.1 0 0 3.3
Imports 2020 7.9 12.2 14.0 10.0 22.6 21.6 0 0 21.8
Final bound 32.3 26.9 32.0 8.7 0.2 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 32.9 47.9 18.1 1.0 0.0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 44.5 36.9 17.9 0.8 0.0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 13.3 19.7 50 100 12.4 20.3 37 5.4 1.4
Dairy products 33.7 0 50 100 24.3 1.0 37 1.8 0
Coffee, tea 10.1 4.2 20 100 8.6 12.5 20 1.4 0.3
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 2.7 55.5 20 100 2.3 55.4 20 14.2 48.0
Petroleum 2.5 16.7 5 100 1.6 32.9 5 5.0 15.9
Chemicals 5.1 15.3 7 100 1.7 17.9 7 15.1 45.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.3 96.4 15 100 0.2 96.2 10 5.8 94.8
Textiles 6.7 1.6 13 100 3.5 2.6 13 1.8 6.7
Clothing 11.4 0 12 100 10.0 0 10 2.9 0

1. Pakistan 2020 37 3 6 8.1 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Serbia 2020 23 8 20 22.3 25.4 25.4 98.1 99.5
4. European Union 2020 7 9 19 9.6 8.6 8.1 57.1 87.3
5. China 2020 2 1 1 14.4 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2020 168 23 50 3.8 1.6 1.6 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 81 1 2 3.7 0.1 0.0 39.8 99.1
3. Serbia 2020 39 22 55 9.6 4.6 4.6 100.0 100.0
5. Türkiye 2020 17 6 9 2.9 2.2 2.2 100.0 100.0

134
Morocco
Morocco

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.1 0 4.2 79.2 3.8 12.7 0
MFN applied 2021 0 35.3 13.0 0 2.0 43.2 3.6 2.8 0
Imports 2020 0 50.4 6.2 0 2.1 40.9 0.1 0.3 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.1 0.1 0.5 0 1.8 97.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0.0 63.3 11.2 0 5.0 20.5 0 0 0
Imports 2020 1.4 62.3 7.3 0 9.8 19.2 0 0 0

Animal products 89.6 0 289 100 69.4 0 200 0.3 0
Dairy products 77.4 0 87 100 50.4 0 100 0.6 0
Coffee, tea 34.0 0 34 100 20.6 0 40 0.9 0
Cotton 22.0 0 34 100 2.5 0 3 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 39.4 0.3 45 100 12.6 0.1 40 16.7 7.0
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 19.4 0 40 6.8 0
Chemicals 38.9 0 45 100 6.1 0 40 11.9 0
Wood, paper, etc. 38.9 0 45 100 19.6 0 40 3.8 0
Textiles 41.8 0 45 100 11.1 0 40 6.5 0
Clothing 40.2 0 45 100 38.8 0 40 1.1 0

1. European Union 2020 2,841 15 56 14.8 13.6 8.1 81.1 72.5
4. Canada 2020 119 7 15 2.7 0.1 0.0 68.2 98.7
5. Switzerland 2020 61 8 22 20.1 4.5 1.2 40.8 82.8
1. European Union 2020 13,776 48 282 5.0 6.9 6.9 100.0 100.0
2. India 2020 1,431 3 3 11.8 5.0 0.5 4.4 0.2
3. Brazil 2020 1,116 4 9 21.9 2.2 0.0 8.4 72.9
5. China 2020 715 22 108 6.0 4.7 0.0 11.6 47.4

135
Mozambique
Mozambique

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 6.3 16.3 14.7 0 62.7 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 4.4 38.7 28.4 0 28.5 0 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0.3 0 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.4 33.6 32.5 0 30.6 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 13.5 44.8 28.9 0 12.9 0 0 0 0

Animal products 100.0 0 100 100 17.7 6.8 20 0.9 8.2
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 17.0 2.4 20 0.5 1.0
Coffee, tea 100.0 0 100 100 18.2 0 20 0.2 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 2.5 0 3 0.0 0
Minerals & metals - - - 0 7.5 0.2 20 13.7 2.7
Petroleum - - - 0 6.1 0 8 10.9 0
Chemicals 100.0 0 100 0.3 4.8 11.3 20 15.9 38.9
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 9.2 2.3 20 2.7 8.9
Textiles - - - 0 14.9 0.5 20 2.8 16.9
Clothing - - - 0 20.0 0 20 0.5 0
Electrical machinery - - - 0 8.9 0 20 5.7 0

1. India 2020 174 3 4 33.0 11.2 10.0 57.1 97.3
2. European Union 2020 149 5 10 7.8 16.0 16.0 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 122 1 1 15.0 10.2 10.2 100.0 100.0
4. Malawi 2020 78 3 3 21.4 24.9 24.9 100.0 100.0
5. South Africa 2020 70 9 22 9.8 12.0 9.8 98.0 97.1
1. European Union 2020 1,270 5 8 4.4 2.8 2.8 100.0 100.0
2. South Africa 2020 584 5 7 8.4 2.0 2.0 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 484 7 13 3.4 0.5 0.5 98.3 100.0
4. India 2020 457 5 7 6.5 3.2 3.2 93.8 99.8

136
Myanmar
Myanmar

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.8 0.7 10.7 4.3 12.2 6.7 16.0 48.6 0.7
MFN applied 2021 8.8 42.6 2.6 38.5 3.4 4.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 1.9 59.9 6.3 24.9 4.7 2.3 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 1.2 0 0.4 0 1.9 1.9 0.1 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 4.0 64.9 17.1 8.6 5.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 6.4 74.3 6.9 9.7 1.2 1.5 0 0 0

Animal products 111.0 0 165 100 9.8 30.6 15 0.1 57.7
Dairy products 39.8 0 110 100 3.4 0 5 0.4 0
Coffee, tea 151.3 0 220 100 16.9 0 20 0.3 0
Cotton 27.3 0 39 100 3.8 0 5 0.0 0
Other agricultural products 42.3 0 165 100 3.9 0.4 15 1.7 0
Minerals & metals 23.8 11.7 50 8.5 4.3 6.7 30 16.8 15.0
Petroleum 25.0 0 25 100 1.8 0 3 13.6 0
Chemicals 30.1 2.0 55 5.3 3.6 2.1 20 11.4 8.2
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 7.7 6.7 20 2.2 0.7
Textiles 26.0 0 30 0.8 9.0 0.1 20 10.1 0.0
Clothing - - - 0 16.7 0 20 0.3 0

1. China 2020 428 8 12 14.9 45.9 45.9 100.0 100.0
2. India 2020 419 4 7 33.0 10.1 8.0 69.4 93.7
3. Thailand 2020 384 10 17 33.7 17.9 17.9 98.9 99.9
4. European Union 2020 211 2 5 12.3 17.0 17.0 86.7 99.9
5. Viet Nam 2020 113 4 8 21.2 24.1 23.5 93.5 87.0
1. China 2020 4,385 15 33 5.8 2.4 2.4 99.6 100.0
2. European Union 2020 2,738 13 105 6.6 11.4 11.4 99.8 100.0
3. Thailand 2020 2,424 13 27 11.5 1.0 1.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 1,258 19 115 9.0 8.8 8.8 99.3 99.7

137
Namibia
Namibia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 22.5 2.5 1.6 1.5 10.0 36.3 22.6 2.9 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.0 13.6 6.6 15.7 6.1 0.7 0.2 13.7
Imports 2020 18.5 14.7 10.5 7.3 26.8 9.1 12.5 0.7 28.7
Final bound 12.8 5.0 22.1 20.0 19.1 13.8 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 67.2 9.5 3.8 4.1 11.9 3.4 0 0.0 9.0

Animal products 37.4 30.6 160 100 11.2 60.4 82 1.1 19.1
Dairy products 93.3 0 96 100 8.3 23.8 24 0.6 34.8
Coffee, tea 65.4 20.8 170 100 7.4 45.8 25 0.4 8.5
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 4.4 66.7 15 0.0 7.7
Minerals & metals 11.7 16.1 30 96.0 5.0 62.1 30 41.1 90.9
Petroleum - - - 0 0.6 55.6 15 8.3 9.4
Chemicals 12.3 5.8 30 99.7 2.1 84.5 30 10.8 64.3
Wood, paper, etc. 11.4 16.7 45 100 6.1 62.4 45 2.8 34.5
Textiles 22.2 3.2 30 99.2 16.8 18.7 223 1.1 11.3
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 41.1 1.9 45 1.5 1.2

1. South Africa 2020 142 8 14 11.7 5.5 5.5 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 60 4 5 17.7 18.8 18.8 100.0 100.0
3. Norway 2020 19 1 2 117.8 322.4 48.7 57.1 1.6
4. Botswana 2020 10 7 13 11.9 13.2 13.2 100.0 100.0
5. China 2020 9 1 2 16.3 12.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2020 1,178 7 14 4.3 2.7 2.7 99.6 100.0
2. China 2020 755 3 5 4.8 4.3 0.0 20.7 7.8
3. South Africa 2020 591 16 33 9.6 1.2 1.2 100.0 100.0
4. Botswana 2020 483 2 3 11.7 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0

138
Nauru
Nauru

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 19.3 0 70.9 0.6 0 5.3 0.5 3.4 4.1
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 1.8 0.1 94.8 0.4 1.8 0.5 0.0 0 0.9
Imports

Coffee, tea 17.5 16.7 50
Cotton 10.0 0 10
Petroleum 15.9 0 72
Textiles 9.9 0.5 10
Clothing 10.0 0 10

1. Singapore 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Australia 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Mauritius 2020 0 3 3 3.8 1.0 0.0 75.0 93.1
4. Maldives 2020 0 2 3 20.0 41.4 0.0 60.0 17.2
1. Thailand 2020 71 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Philippines 2020 27 2 3 3.2 3.7 0.0 20.0 0.0
5. New Zealand 2020 3 1 1 0.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

139
Nepal
Nepal

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.7 3.3 0.5 5.1 82.5 7.0 0.9 0
MFN applied 2021 0.9 8.6 62.0 13.1 2.4 9.9 1.3 1.7 5.3
Imports 2020 0.3 3.5 74.5 9.7 2.5 9.0 0.0 0.5 1.7
Final bound 2.9 1.8 3.3 5.7 46.9 38.5 0.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.7 26.4 29.8 24.2 9.5 5.5 0.7 0 0.4
Imports 2020 8.7 32.4 19.1 16.2 11.0 11.0 1.6 0 14.5

Animal products 34.5 0 60 100 11.2 0 30 0.1 0
Dairy products 46.0 0 50 100 23.6 0 40 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 40.8 0 50 100 29.6 0 40 0.2 0
Cotton 36.0 0 40 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 25.3 0.1 40 99.4 12.1 2.8 46 25.1 4.8
Petroleum 15.0 0 15 16.7 25.1 0 35 9.2 0
Chemicals 21.4 1.0 40 100 11.3 1.0 30 10.3 2.3
Wood, paper, etc. 23.4 0 40 100 13.8 1.4 30 2.0 0.8
Textiles 26.3 0 40 99.8 12.8 0 30 3.5 0
Clothing 29.9 0 30 100 19.4 0 20 1.8 0

1. India 2020 471 7 10 36.3 47.0 47.0 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 5 9 17 9.0 2.6 2.6 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 3 11 20 28.8 22.0 20.4 97.9 98.1
5. Australia 2020 2 12 25 2.0 3.5 3.5 100.0 100.0
1. India 2020 202 16 39 11.8 15.3 15.3 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 57 31 154 5.9 7.6 7.6 99.9 100.0
4. China 2020 16 20 38 6.2 6.7 6.4 99.1 94.8
5. Türkiye 2020 14 1 3 4.5 4.0 4.0 100.0 100.0

140
New Zealand
New Zealand

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 55.9 2.8 12.3 16.2 10.6 2.2 0.0 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 72.4 27.6 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
Imports 2020 48.8 51.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 49.0 6.9 8.5 2.9 20.8 11.1 0.2 0.0 3.6
MFN applied 2021 65.1 29.0 5.6 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.4
Imports 2020 62.1 32.9 4.6 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.5

Animal products 6.8 47.7 22 100 1.5 69.4 5 0.7 40.2
Dairy products 10.0 0 19 100 1.3 73.0 5 0.6 41.8
Coffee, tea 8.9 41.7 22 100 2.3 54.2 5 1.0 32.5
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 8.6 46.7 45 100 1.8 64.4 10 9.4 47.1
Petroleum 3.8 79.3 27 100 0.5 90.2 5 8.3 99.3
Chemicals 4.3 72.8 179 100 0.7 86.1 10 12.3 58.4
Wood, paper, etc. 5.2 69.7 128 100 1.3 73.7 10 4.6 62.2
Textiles 10.7 35.0 45 100 1.9 66.6 45 2.8 19.6
Clothing 38.5 0.2 149 100 9.7 1.2 10 2.7 0.0

1. China 2020 5,275 5 16 12.9 11.8 11.4 95.7 99.0
3. Australia 2020 2,454 18 65 1.9 3.0 3.0 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 1,669 15 42 14.8 18.8 0.0 14.9 14.1
5. Japan 2020 1,605 15 47 33.2 24.5 6.7 49.0 60.4
1. China 2020 2,950 13 27 5.4 0.7 0.7 97.5 98.7
2. Australia 2020 2,336 51 459 3.2 2.5 2.5 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 893 17 48 1.6 1.3 1.0 94.9 92.4
5. European Union 2020 877 45 290 4.5 2.1 0.0 21.8 65.7

141
Nicaragua
Nicaragua

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 90.0 9.3 0.7 0
MFN applied 2021 27.2 12.4 12.1 42.8 0.2 3.8 1.5 0.1 0
Imports 2020 21.2 7.7 3.7 57.4 0.0 7.5 2.1 0.4 0
Final bound 2.1 0 0.1 0 0 91.4 6.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 55.2 11.0 14.7 19.1 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 55.3 13.6 9.4 21.7 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 50.7 0 200 100 14.6 7.7 164 1.4 15.2
Dairy products 66.4 0 70 100 26.1 6.0 60 0.6 4.9
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 13.4 2.1 15 0.3 0.1
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 40.1 0.1 70 100 3.2 67.3 15 13.3 56.6
Petroleum 40.0 0 40 100 6.8 35.0 15 11.7 92.4
Chemicals 40.0 0.1 40 100 1.8 81.3 15 21.9 48.8
Wood, paper, etc. 40.0 0 60 100 6.0 46.8 15 6.1 36.0
Textiles 41.4 0 100 100 8.2 13.3 15 3.0 18.6
Clothing 60.0 0 60 100 14.9 0.6 15 0.7 1.4

2. El Salvador 2020 381 10 19 16.7 30.7 30.7 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 262 9 10 11.1 9.3 3.5 88.0 83.6
4. Costa Rica 2020 114 14 25 14.3 15.6 15.6 100.0 100.0
5. Guatemala 2020 106 10 21 11.3 14.2 14.2 98.8 100.0
2. Mexico 2020 292 2 2 19.6 7.4 4.5 39.6 88.2
3. Switzerland 2020 114 1 1 2.6 0.0 0.0 53.2 99.2
4. European Union 2020 94 9 19 5.8 11.2 11.2 100.0 100.0
5. Chinese Taipei 2020 87 2 4 9.0 17.3 17.3 95.8 99.9

142
Niger
Niger

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.6 1.3 0 0.1 73.6 0.8 23.5 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 8.3 49.7 0 28.0 14.0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.8 11.3 6.2 5.0 3.8 69.3 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 14.4 39.0 19.1 0 26.1 1.4 0 0 0

Animal products 133.8 0 200 100 24.5 0 35 0.2 0
Dairy products 31.6 0 50 100 17.2 0 35 0.9 0
Coffee, tea 50.0 0 50 100 18.5 0 35 0.6 0
Cotton 50.0 0 50 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 45.3 4.6 50 100 16.0 0 20 0.3 0
Minerals & metals 47.6 0.7 50 96.5 11.6 2.0 20 10.4 4.5
Petroleum 14.6 0 50 100 7.7 19.0 10 1.9 0
Chemicals 49.6 0 50 96.4 7.2 4.8 35 12.0 71.4
Wood, paper, etc. 48.3 0 50 100 11.2 4.6 20 1.4 16.0
Textiles 40.9 0 50 90.3 16.1 0.3 35 2.6 24.4
Clothing 25.3 0 50 100 20.0 0 20 0.2 0
Non-electrical machinery 9.8 3.8 50 100 6.8 0 20 8.4 0

1. China 2020 243 1 1 20.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
2. Ghana 11 2 3 16.1 33.3 33.3 100.0 100.0
3. Côte d'Ivoire 9 1 1 16.6 34.5 34.5 100.0 100.0
4. India 2020 4 2 3 22.9 29.1 28.1 42.9 95.5
5. European Union 2020 3 2 3 8.3 5.5 5.5 100.0 100.0
2. Canada 2020 125 1 1 1.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Mali 109 1 2 15.4 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
4. Burkina Faso 2020 98 1 1 15.1 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 15 11 16 3.1 0.4 0.4 100.0 100.0

143
Nigeria
Nigeria

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 60.5 28.2 0 10.6 0.8 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 5.3 1.3 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 9.4 43.3 33.2 0 14.1 0.0 0 0 0

Animal products 150.0 0 150 100 24.5 0 35 0.0 0
Dairy products 150.0 0 150 100 17.2 0 35 1.6 0
Coffee, tea 150.0 0 150 100 18.5 0 35 0.2 0
Cotton 150.0 0 150 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 54.9 0 70 4.5 11.6 2.0 20 7.4 7.3
Petroleum - - - 0 7.7 19.0 10 14.7 4.9
Chemicals 74.6 0 150 1.4 7.2 4.8 35 17.1 32.7
Wood, paper, etc. 80.0 0 80 1.4 11.2 4.6 20 2.9 31.0
Textiles 60.0 0 60 1.4 16.1 0.3 35 1.7 1.4
Clothing - - - 0 20.0 0 20 0.1 0
Non-electrical machinery 44.3 0 50 34.1 6.8 0 20 18.6 0

1. European Union 2020 526 4 6 10.5 0.7 0.3 24.9 91.0
2. Viet Nam 2020 207 2 3 9.5 6.8 0.0 21.4 0.6
3. Japan 2020 110 1 1 9.3 0.0 0.0 83.3 100.0
4. Türkiye 2020 106 2 2 24.0 4.9 0.0 17.9 52.3
5. India 2020 93 5 7 37.3 16.2 0.0 5.9 2.8
1. European Union 2020 12,341 2 3 5.0 0.1 0.0 68.1 99.0
2. India 2020 5,580 1 2 10.4 0.6 0.0 1.1 0.0
3. China 2020 2,829 3 8 4.9 0.7 0.0 23.9 85.1
4. South Africa 2020 2,136 1 1 15.7 0.0 0.0 43.3 99.9

144
North Macedonia
North Macedonia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 33.6 16.4 8.7 10.2 10.5 18.7 2.0 0 9.0
MFN applied 2021 37.1 13.7 8.3 9.7 10.6 18.6 1.9 0 9.2
Imports 2020 14.6 10.6 8.4 6.5 29.6 23.9 5.9 0 36.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 39.7 18.2 18.5 15.2 8.3 0.0 0 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 45.0 16.4 16.6 13.9 8.0 0.0 0 0 0.2
Imports 2020 50.5 20.2 15.0 10.1 4.3 0.0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 12.1 20.7 35 100 12.1 20.6 35 1.8 1.6
Dairy products 20.1 0 50 100 20.0 0.2 50 0.7 0.0
Coffee, tea 14.1 20.8 34 100 14.1 20.8 34 1.0 11.0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 5.5 48.4 23 100 5.3 50.0 23 31.1 82.4
Petroleum 13.8 5.6 20 100 14.5 9.0 25 4.1 0.1
Chemicals 3.4 38.0 25 100 3.1 43.3 25 15.1 34.5
Wood, paper, etc. 2.8 76.0 18 100 2.8 76.6 18 3.9 52.0
Textiles 8.9 11.6 25 100 7.8 28.1 25 5.7 10.0
Clothing 17.5 0 18 100 17.5 0 18 1.1 0

1. European Union 2020 350 20 76 16.1 13.8 12.8 83.3 90.8
2. Serbia 2020 70 16 44 21.0 23.8 23.1 99.1 97.3
1. European Union 2020 4,469 33 143 4.5 3.8 3.8 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 239 7 13 5.6 3.6 0.0 15.3 6.2
3. Serbia 2020 168 36 145 9.1 6.4 6.4 100.0 100.0
5. Türkiye 2020 115 21 33 5.7 5.8 5.8 100.0 100.0

145
Norway
Norway

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 29.1 19.7 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.6 3.3 43.5 66.2
MFN applied 2021 51.7 3.0 2.6 3.5 5.1 9.2 10.9 11.7 43.4
Imports 2020 46.6 1.1 1.2 5.4 8.0 4.6 13.7 3.7 47.9
Final bound 53.1 24.7 12.3 9.9 0 0 0 0.0 2.4
MFN applied 2021 95.5 0.0 1.1 3.4 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.1
Imports 2020 96.3 0.0 0.3 2.8 0.6 0 0 0.0 0.6

Animal products 332.5 12.6 556 100 124.5 13.3 555 0.3 2.7
Dairy products 328.0 0 453 100 121.0 0 443 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 38.9 52.1 474 100 2.7 79.2 41 0.6 58.3
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Other agricultural products 51.0 57.1 > 1000 100 19.8 80.0 > 1000 1.1 31.8
Minerals & metals 0.8 79.2 12 100 0.0 100.0 0 14.3 100.0
Petroleum 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 3.7 100.0
Chemicals 2.5 58.5 7 100 0.0 100.0 0 11.6 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 0.4 72.5 7 100 0.0 100.0 0 5.7 100.0
Textiles 7.0 16.2 14 100 0.4 95.6 11 1.9 89.4
Clothing 11.0 0 14 100 7.8 16.5 11 2.7 4.4

1. European Union 2020 557 28 131 15.2 6.9 3.6 32.2 68.1
4. Iceland 2020 46 7 16 9.9 48.2 0.8 94.9 14.0
5. Japan 2020 27 7 9 39.2 16.2 0.0 29.5 12.0
1. European Union 2020 36,375 52 480 4.7 2.3 1.8 94.5 84.4
4. Japan 2020 1,440 19 56 1.6 3.5 0.0 69.3 30.7
5. Canada 2020 860 30 124 2.3 3.4 3.3 99.9 99.1

146
Oman
Oman

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 9.6 6.8 72.2 0.1 1.6 2.8 7.0 0
MFN applied 2021 23.4 67.8 0 0 0 0 6.1 1.1 2.8
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 7.1 6.3 22.4 59.1 5.1 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.2 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.3
Imports

Animal products 49.7 0 200 100 18.0 36.5 100
Dairy products 19.8 0 75 100 5.0 0 5
Coffee, tea 15.0 0 15 100 7.1 37.5 100
Cotton 13.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5
Minerals & metals 14.4 1.9 20 100 4.9 2.3 5
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100 5.0 0 5
Chemicals 5.5 11.3 15 100 4.4 11.5 5
Wood, paper, etc. 7.8 1.9 15 100 4.8 5.0 5
Textiles 14.8 0.2 15 100 5.0 0.2 5
Clothing 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5
Leather, footwear, etc. 14.3 4.9 15 100 6.9 0 100

3. Qatar 2020 108 17 50 5.3 5.9 5.9 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 19,625 2 6 4.5 0.8 0.0 28.5 86.0
2. India 2020 3,072 13 28 10.6 4.1 0.0 2.9 1.1
5. Japan 2020 1,463 2 3 1.5 0.0 0.0 66.7 99.6

147
Pakistan
Pakistan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 2.9 0 0.3 0.1 0.5 90.3 2.1 0.4
MFN applied 2021 2.4 33.9 2.2 14.4 44.6 0.1 2.3 0.0 4.4
Imports 2020 16.2 29.0 26.3 17.3 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 27.1
Final bound 0 1.7 0.0 1.8 13.6 18.2 63.5 0 0
MFN applied 2021 27.6 15.2 0 14.1 40.5 2.4 0.3 0 0.1
Imports 2020 22.6 32.7 0 25.2 15.2 2.0 2.3 0 4.6

Animal products 94.0 0 100 94.6 12.0 0 20 0.0 0
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 20.0 0 20 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 108.3 0 150 100 11.4 0 20 1.4 0
Beverages & tobacco 99.1 0 100 64.7 43.9 0 90 0.0 0
Cotton 13.0 0 25 100 6.6 40.0 11 2.9 99.8
Other agricultural products 83.9 0 100 99.3 6.3 11.8 20 0.9 7.6
Minerals & metals 64.8 0 75 100 10.2 31.2 35 19.6 27.3
Petroleum 66.2 0 75 100 11.3 7.6 20 14.3 0.0
Chemicals 57.4 0 100 99.9 5.9 50.1 20 15.6 31.8
Wood, paper, etc. 58.1 0 75 100 12.4 28.7 35 1.9 33.8
Textiles 23.0 0 75 100 15.1 1.9 35 4.2 4.0
Clothing 25.0 0 25 100 19.8 0 20 0.2 0

1. European Union 2020 566 14 30 13.4 14.3 6.8 67.9 49.7
4. China 2020 197 1 2 13.0 48.0 0.2 48.9 0.9
1. European Union 2020 5,782 27 216 4.9 9.8 9.8 99.4 99.7
3. China 2020 1,097 15 51 6.4 2.3 2.1 62.0 97.5
5. Canada 2020 278 24 135 5.6 11.4 0.9 58.5 29.5

148
Palau
Palau

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 71.8 23.5 0 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.9 2.7 3.0
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 8.0 89.6 1.5 0.0 0.4 0.1 0 0.0 2.2
Imports

Coffee, tea 0.0 100.0 0
Cotton 3.0 0 3
Petroleum 2.8 0 4
Textiles 3.0 1.0 3
Clothing 3.0 0 3

4. Maldives 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Türkiye 2020 9 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. Japan 2020 4 1 1 0.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Chinese Taipei 2020 1 5 5 1.7 0.4 0.0 72.2 93.2

149
Panama
Panama

Trade weighted average Ag: Tariff quotas (in %) 3.2
Imports in billion US$ Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 0.2
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.5 8.3 6.0 5.6 8.5 67.0 3.3 0.7 0.1
MFN applied 2021 29.3 9.7 15.5 37.1 1.2 3.8 2.6 0.7 0
Imports
Final bound 4.6 3.9 20.4 6.1 3.2 61.3 0.2 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 61.2 9.3 16.2 13.1 0 0.1 0.0 0 0.1
Imports

Animal products 31.0 1.4 260 100 18.8 11.8 260
Dairy products 39.1 0 156 100 38.6 2.4 155
Coffee, tea 31.4 0 81 100 20.6 2.1 81
Cotton 10.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0
Minerals & metals 26.8 2.5 81 100 3.8 63.5 81
Petroleum 26.5 0 30 100 3.9 54.8 30
Chemicals 6.0 10.0 30 100 1.2 82.5 15
Wood, paper, etc. 27.8 0.4 30 100 6.6 42.9 15
Textiles 28.4 0.2 33 100 2.5 75.6 15
Clothing 29.6 0 36 100 10.6 2.0 15

1. European Union 2020 328 4 7 7.9 16.3 6.0 82.1 16.6
3. Guatemala 2020 35 13 33 13.2 14.3 13.7 82.2 91.3
4. Costa Rica 2020 24 9 19 11.5 15.3 13.8 93.3 70.2
5. Switzerland 2020 23 2 3 5.7 6.7 6.7 70.0 99.6
1. China 2020 609 1 1 4.8 0.1 0.0 27.6 96.4
2. Guatemala 2020 583 42 320 6.5 5.8 5.8 99.9 100.0
3. European Union 2020 529 17 26 4.0 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2020 196 2 2 1.5 0.0 0.0 73.5 99.0

150
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 1.3 0.3 17.7 5.9 38.0 36.0 0.7 6.7
MFN applied 2021 46.7 1.1 8.5 20.6 10.9 9.4 1.6 1.2 6.2
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0.1 0 29.4 0.0 56.6 14.0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 81.3 0.3 5.7 8.5 3.3 0.8 0 0 0.2
Imports

Animal products 30.6 0 63 100 7.6 56.3 63
Dairy products 21.3 0 45 100 8.3 66.7 25
Coffee, tea 58.3 0 100 100 18.1 6.3 25
Cotton 11.0 0 11 100 0.0 100.0 0
Minerals & metals 27.9 0 90 100 1.3 91.1 30
Petroleum 32.5 0 40 100 0.2 94.0 5
Chemicals 19.2 0 55 100 0.8 94.6 25
Wood, paper, etc. 57.6 0 100 100 8.6 41.3 50
Textiles 27.6 0 75 100 1.3 87.7 15
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 14.4 23.5 20
Non-electrical machinery 28.5 0 55 100 0.2 98.7 15

1. European Union 2020 419 3 5 6.7 3.7 3.7 100.0 100.0
2. Malaysia 2020 121 2 4 3.8 1.1 0.0 62.5 78.6
4. Indonesia 2020 30 3 3 6.4 5.0 0.0 4.8 0.0
5. India 2020 30 2 3 44.2 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. China 2020 2,375 4 7 2.2 0.9 0.0 68.5 73.2
2. Australia 2020 2,353 2 2 2.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Japan 2020 2,091 2 3 2.7 0.0 0.0 60.0 99.5
4. Chinese Taipei 2020 671 1 2 9.3 0.0 0.0 58.8 100.0

151
Paraguay
Paraguay

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 3.6 3.4 2.1 90.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 7.4 7.1 57.2 14.5 13.2 0.7 0 0 0
Imports 2020 18.5 3.4 20.4 17.5 40.2 0.0 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 3.4 1.6 2.4 92.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 17.6 18.1 18.8 16.2 28.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 38.8 19.8 16.4 12.8 11.7 0.6 0 0 0

Animal products 33.5 0 35 100 8.3 6.5 16 0.3 10.6
Dairy products 34.3 0 35 100 15.0 0 16 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 34.2 0 35 100 11.8 0 20 0.4 0
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 6.4 0 8 0.0 0
Fish & fish products 34.8 0 35 100 10.3 3.3 16 0.1 0
Minerals & metals 34.2 0 35 100 9.4 7.6 22 13.1 39.7
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 0.1 97.2 6 11.6 95.1
Chemicals 33.7 0 35 100 6.9 4.2 35 16.6 19.3
Wood, paper, etc. 33.1 0 35 100 9.8 5.2 25 2.4 20.3
Textiles 33.1 0 35 100 16.2 2.2 26 2.8 29.9
Clothing 34.9 0 35 100 20.5 0.5 25 0.9 9.1

1. Argentina 2020 1,890 1 1 10.8 8.1 8.1 98.1 100.0
2. Brazil 2020 934 8 16 10.6 9.0 9.0 100.0 100.0
3. Chile 2020 738 3 6 6.0 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 405 12 21 16.0 8.4 0.0 17.3 69.9
1. Brazil 2020 583 29 72 19.6 20.3 20.3 99.7 99.4
2. Argentina 2020 328 16 23 19.3 4.3 4.3 99.5 100.0
3. European Union 2020 69 14 25 3.9 0.7 0.0 23.2 84.8
4. Chile 2020 48 12 21 6.0 6.0 6.0 100.0 100.0

152
Peru
Peru

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 97.8 2.2 0 0
MFN applied 2021 55.2 0 42.6 2.3 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 80.0 0 19.1 0.9 0 0 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 2.1 0 0 0 0 97.9 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 70.6 0 18.2 11.2 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 71.3 0 22.1 6.6 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 30.0 0 30 100 5.0 26.6 11 0.5 22.3
Dairy products 36.3 0 68 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.7 100.0
Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100 4.5 37.5 11 0.3 64.0
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 2.4 60.0 6 0.2 0.0
Minerals & metals 30.0 0.1 30 100 0.8 86.4 6 12.3 89.7
Petroleum 30.0 0 30 100 0.0 100.0 0 8.5 100.0
Chemicals 30.0 0.1 30 100 1.1 82.0 6 16.0 60.2
Wood, paper, etc. 30.0 0 30 100 2.6 56.3 6 3.4 37.4
Textiles 30.0 0 30 100 6.3 32.5 11 4.5 11.1
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 11.0 0 11 1.7 0

2. European Union 2020 2,772 17 50 14.0 7.3 6.5 78.3 88.1
3. Canada 2020 364 8 28 2.7 0.4 0.4 99.4 100.0
4. Colombia 2020 258 12 22 13.9 23.3 23.3 100.0 100.0
5. Ecuador 2020 248 15 36 17.2 10.5 10.5 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 17,019 3 8 5.6 0.2 0.2 92.4 99.4
2. European Union 2020 2,976 22 50 5.0 2.3 2.3 100.0 100.0
5. Canada 2020 2,367 5 7 6.4 0.4 0.4 100.0 100.0

153
Philippines
Philippines

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 2.8 5.3 0.7 8.5 81.7 1.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 3.7 45.3 28.4 9.4 3.2 9.6 0.4 0 0
Imports 2020 18.4 27.7 32.4 5.0 0.7 15.5 0.3 0 0
Final bound 2.2 0.0 8.2 0.3 26.4 24.7 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 14.3 48.2 23.6 12.2 1.0 0.7 0 0 0
Imports 2020 50.0 24.4 14.3 6.1 0.7 4.5 0 0 0

Animal products 37.5 0 50 100 20.7 6.5 45 1.2 0.4
Dairy products 27.2 0 40 100 3.8 8.7 7 1.2 6.6
Coffee, tea 41.2 0 50 100 15.7 0 45 0.8 0
Cotton 10.0 0 10 100 2.6 0 3 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 24.4 0.2 50 34.8 4.5 7.9 20 13.6 24.4
Petroleum - - - 0 1.0 66.7 3 6.2 100.0
Chemicals 19.9 0.2 50 75.1 3.6 2.7 30 10.6 10.0
Wood, paper, etc. 24.3 0 50 41.3 6.3 10.7 30 2.9 2.2
Textiles 27.0 0 50 97.1 9.1 0.3 20 1.7 0.4
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 14.8 0 15 0.5 0

1. Japan 2020 1,016 4 8 12.7 20.0 17.4 64.3 84.6
3. European Union 2020 732 12 22 13.1 6.8 6.3 76.6 97.4
5. Malaysia 2020 228 11 22 13.7 45.8 44.9 93.5 82.8
1. China 2020 20,446 5 55 5.6 0.7 0.7 95.5 99.6
3. Hong Kong, China 2020 9,097 4 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 7,709 39 226 3.5 1.0 0.9 97.6 99.4
5. Singapore 2020 6,773 7 44 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

154
Qatar
Qatar

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.7 75.5 18.5 0.1 0 5.3 0
MFN applied 2021 23.4 70.9 0 0 0 0 4.3 0 0
Imports 2020 46.1 51.5 0 0 0 0 2.4 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 3.5 0.3 15.8 63.5 14.7 2.2 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.3 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 19.0 81.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 43.0 0 200 100 3.1 36.5 5 3.0 58.2
Dairy products 15.1 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 1.0 0
Coffee, tea 19.8 0 20 100 7.1 37.5 100 0.7 27.9
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 16.4 0.1 30 100 4.9 2.3 20 16.3 5.1
Petroleum 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.4 0
Chemicals 7.5 5.5 30 100 4.4 11.4 5 12.2 29.9
Wood, paper, etc. 17.4 0 30 100 4.8 5.0 5 3.5 5.2
Textiles 15.0 0.2 20 100 5.0 0.2 5 2.1 2.7
Clothing 20.0 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 2.7 0

2. Türkiye 2020 4 2 2 15.3 3.3 0.0 23.1 74.1
3. European Union 2020 3 7 9 10.5 3.0 0.0 24.6 48.6
4. Morocco 2020 1 1 1 19.0 3.4 3.3 80.0 99.0
5. Malaysia 2020 1 2 2 5.0 9.4 0.0 50.0 0.7
1. Japan 2020 9,169 1 3 1.2 0.1 0.0 70.0 97.6
2. China 2020 8,942 4 10 5.3 2.0 0.0 16.5 61.9
3. India 2020 7,930 7 12 9.2 3.8 0.0 5.9 0.3
5. European Union 2020 3,537 6 9 4.3 0.6 0.0 22.4 88.1

155
Russian Federation
Russian Federation

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 3.0 43.4 21.7 24.2 3.9 0.9 2.8 0.0 22.9
MFN applied 2021 10.3 39.7 20.1 22.5 4.5 1.1 1.8 0.0 24.0
Imports 2020 17.8 32.8 16.7 24.8 1.3 5.0 1.6 0.0 42.5
Final bound 3.4 51.3 30.2 14.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0
MFN applied 2021 16.7 42.8 29.2 10.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9
Imports 2020 32.8 34.5 23.5 8.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4

Animal products 23.2 7.4 80 100 18.4 17.5 80 0.8 8.5
Dairy products 15.0 0 35 100 14.8 0 35 1.2 0
Coffee, tea 6.4 4.2 13 100 5.4 29.2 13 1.2 49.3
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 8.0 0.1 20 100 7.3 8.0 20 10.1 14.5
Petroleum 5.0 0 5 100 4.4 12.7 5 0.5 0.2
Chemicals 5.2 0.4 10 100 4.6 10.4 10 16.7 17.1
Wood, paper, etc. 8.0 5.0 16 100 7.9 5.8 16 2.6 3.8
Textiles 7.8 0 18 100 7.5 1.0 18 2.7 1.2
Clothing 8.7 0 23 100 7.6 0 23 3.1 0

1. Türkiye 2020 3,074 7 15 30.7 34.1 0.0 15.9 12.0
2. China 2020 2,294 9 21 13.2 9.8 0.0 1.9 0.8
3. Kazakhstan 2020 2,027 24 156 11.4 14.9 14.9 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 1,987 24 68 13.3 3.6 0.0 16.0 69.1
5. Belarus 2020 1,335 24 143 14.7 10.9 10.9 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 79,960 35 215 4.4 0.6 0.0 22.8 88.1
2. China 2020 64,135 17 65 5.6 1.3 0.0 14.5 71.5
4. Belarus 2020 14,560 59 985 6.3 3.5 3.5 100.0 100.0
5. Kazakhstan 2020 11,264 63 1,228 5.3 5.3 5.3 100.0 100.0

156
Rwanda
Rwanda

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 2.9 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.8 2.3 91.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 15.5 0 16.2 0 64.5 0.8 3.0 0 0.9
Imports 2020 2.8 0 15.7 0 36.4 16.1 29.0 0 27.2
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.8 1.4 0.5 0.2 5.8 1.2 90.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 43.3 0 20.2 0 35.9 0.4 0.0 0 0.8
Imports 2020 44.5 0 7.5 0 46.4 0.8 0.7 0 4.0

Animal products 80.0 0 80 100 23.1 7.7 25 0.1 51.0
Dairy products 15.2 81.0 80 100 51.7 0 60 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100 19.6 16.7 25 0.0 4.8
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Fish & fish products 90.5 8.8 100 100 24.8 0.3 25 1.1 0
Minerals & metals 98.2 0 100 100 10.6 38.8 27 34.2 11.6
Petroleum 100.0 0 100 100 4.3 61.4 25 9.0 96.4
Chemicals 93.2 1.2 100 100 3.5 80.1 25 10.6 65.7
Wood, paper, etc. 94.9 0 100 100 13.5 28.6 25 2.4 15.2
Textiles 64.2 0 100 100 19.5 7.4 100 2.8 10.7
Clothing 97.4 0 100 100 25.2 0 50 0.9 0

1. European Union 2020 43 5 7 8.4 2.4 2.4 100.0 100.0
2. Pakistan 2020 29 1 1 11.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Kenya 2020 19 6 9 26.4 23.4 23.4 100.0 100.0
2. Türkiye 2020 54 1 1 5.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 36 1 2 3.9 0.1 0.1 93.3 100.0
4. Thailand 2020 27 1 2 1.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 7 9 23 4.2 6.4 6.4 100.0 100.0

157

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.5 0 0 1.6 78.0 19.8 0
MFN applied 2020 38.6 19.3 1.3 7.0 16.1 17.5 0.3 0 1.9
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 94.3 0.7 0
MFN applied 2020 25.9 46.3 2.8 5.5 17.7 1.6 0.2 0 0
Imports

Animal products 99.1 0 100 100 14.7 46.5 40
Dairy products 98.8 0 100 100 5.6 33.3 25
Coffee, tea 99.0 0 100 100 13.9 22.9 25
Oilseeds, fats & oils 127.1 0 175 98.8 11.0 58.9 40
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0
Fish & fish products 100.0 0 100 0.9 16.2 14.8 40
Minerals & metals 70.0 0 70 100 6.4 27.9 25
Petroleum 86.0 0 150 100 7.1 34.7 25
Chemicals 70.1 0 153 100 5.1 28.9 25
Wood, paper, etc. 78.7 0 170 100 10.0 18.3 25
Textiles 70.8 0 87 100 6.3 26.6 25
Clothing 71.7 0 93 100 24.3 0 25

3. Saint Lucia 2019 1 1 2 56.2 47.8 47.8 100.0 100.0
4. Belize 2020 1 1 1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
5. Dominica 2019 1 1 2 37.9 60.6 60.6 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 6 2 7 3.1 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
3. Türkiye 2020 2 1 1 2.2 0.0 0.0 20.0 100.0
4. Canada 2020 1 2 4 3.5 0.1 0.1 89.5 100.0
5. China 2020 1 2 2 3.0 3.7 0.0 40.0 7.1

158
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 62.8 36.5 0
MFN applied 2021 28.5 22.7 1.5 3.6 12.0 31.0 0.7 0 0.4
Imports 2019 28.0 7.2 0.8 1.0 35.4 23.3 4.4 0 2.9
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 90.5 3.8 5.5 0
MFN applied 2021 43.9 25.9 3.0 4.0 17.9 5.0 0.2 0 0
Imports 2019 23.9 8.7 17.3 7.4 33.9 8.8 0.0 0 0

Animal products 121.5 0 130 100 15.7 43.0 40 5.1 78.7
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 5.1 46.8 20 2.5 62.1
Coffee, tea 102.5 0 130 100 16.8 0 40 0.7 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 52.3 0 153 100 4.6 60.3 30 10.4 38.8
Petroleum 100.0 0 120 100 7.0 31.0 25 15.3 0.3
Chemicals 50.9 0 157 100 5.6 22.6 50 10.2 12.5
Wood, paper, etc. 63.3 0 170 100 8.3 34.7 25 6.5 11.8
Textiles 52.2 0 113 100 5.5 35.2 30 1.7 5.3
Clothing 53.3 0 93 100 19.8 0 20 1.1 0

1. Dominica 2019 4 3 5 32.6 44.3 44.3 100.0 100.0
2. Barbados 2020 4 5 8 31.1 16.4 16.4 100.0 100.0
5. Belize 2020 2 1 2 73.8 98.8 98.8 100.0 100.0
1. Suriname 2019 25 1 1 16.3 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
2. Barbados 2020 6 6 7 12.7 3.3 3.3 100.0 100.0
4. Guyana 2020 4 5 5 13.9 8.3 8.3 100.0 100.0
5. Dominica 2019 3 30 92 12.9 16.3 16.3 100.0 100.0

159
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 62.6 36.8 0
MFN applied 2021 11.2 40.3 1.7 4.1 14.2 27.8 0.8 0 0
Imports 2019 25.3 17.3 2.9 1.3 34.7 11.9 6.6 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 89.4 4.8 5.4 0
MFN applied 2021 8.3 63.1 3.5 4.0 17.7 3.4 0 0 0
Imports 2019 6.5 29.5 23.2 10.3 24.5 6.0 0 0 0

Animal products 121.7 0 130 100 14.8 9.9 40 5.6 39.3
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 6.2 30.0 20 2.2 34.3
Coffee, tea 102.5 0 130 100 17.4 2.1 40 0.5 0
Cotton 100.0 0 100 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 52.4 0 153 100 6.7 14.2 30 12.1 11.8
Petroleum 76.1 0 120 100 5.5 17.2 35 10.7 0.0
Chemicals 51.0 0 157 100 6.2 11.2 30 9.9 7.9
Wood, paper, etc. 64.4 0 170 100 9.8 5.1 25 8.7 6.2
Textiles 52.2 0 113 100 7.3 0.2 30 1.8 0.2
Clothing 53.3 0 93 100 19.8 0 20 1.7 0

1. Barbados 2020 6 6 11 35.3 39.8 39.8 100.0 100.0
2. Dominica 2019 4 3 3 30.8 42.5 42.5 100.0 100.0
4. Saint Lucia 2019 4 2 2 50.8 98.3 98.3 100.0 100.0
1. Jordan 2020 62 1 1 30.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. India 2020 12 1 1 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. European Union 2020 8 3 4 3.4 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
4. Switzerland 2020 5 1 1 1.8 0.0 0.0 71.4 100.0

160
Samoa
Samoa

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.5 4.6 17.2 32.3 44.3 0.8 0.3 3.4
MFN applied 2021 5.0 3.7 39.2 1.6 46.3 3.0 0.8 0.3 3.5
Imports 2020 26.9 2.4 38.7 0.0 30.1 1.8 0.1 0 1.9
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0.3 4.8 44.2 28.9 21.8 0.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.6 0.8 71.9 0.0 24.7 0.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 33.0 0.8 54.4 0 11.8 0 0 0 0

Animal products 22.8 0 100 100 12.4 17.0 20 8.6 5.2
Dairy products 12.9 0 20 100 5.2 19.0 8 3.8 58.9
Coffee, tea 26.7 0 35 100 15.0 0 20 0.7 0
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 8.0 0 8 0 0
Minerals & metals 21.8 0 30 100 8.8 2.8 20 11.3 1.4
Petroleum 20.2 0 55 100 9.3 6.7 50 12.5 95.9
Chemicals 16.1 0 30 100 8.4 4.6 20 10.5 26.7
Wood, paper, etc. 19.1 0 30 100 9.5 0.2 20 7.8 6.1
Textiles 15.8 0 30 100 8.7 0.2 20 1.4 5.6
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 19.9 0.3 20 1.0 0.2

1. New Zealand 2020 4 6 8 2.1 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0
3. Australia 2020 1 5 10 3.2 1.9 1.9 100.0 100.0
4. China 2020 1 1 1 8.5 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. Senegal 2020 19 2 2 10.2 19.1 0.0 16.0 0.3
2. Indonesia 2020 5 14 33 7.2 5.5 0.0 11.8 7.6
3. Brazil 2020 2 8 11 13.5 9.8 0.0 7.4 29.7
4. New Zealand 2020 2 11 19 5.0 4.6 4.6 100.0 100.0
5. Australia 2020 1 7 12 3.2 3.8 3.8 100.0 100.0

161
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.1 5.4 32.8 48.9 4.8 0.1 0 1.3 8.9
MFN applied 2021 22.5 55.7 4.0 4.2 4.6 0.1 0.2 1.1 9.8
Imports 2020 41.5 36.8 6.7 4.6 7.4 0.0 0.0 2.9 8.7
Final bound 8.0 5.5 33.5 52.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 8.5 76.2 4.8 9.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.4
Imports 2020 22.2 64.9 4.7 8.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.2

Animal products 12.4 0.5 25 100 6.5 36.6 20 2.1 33.3
Dairy products 11.2 0 25 100 12.0 0 25 1.5 0
Coffee, tea 9.3 0 15 100 4.4 37.5 15 0.9 46.2
Beverages & tobacco 125.0 0.7 > 1000 100 116.8 0.7 > 1000 0.9 0.0
Cotton 13.2 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 13.1 2.0 20 100 7.8 2.5 20 14.1 6.8
Petroleum 5.9 0 10 100 5.5 0 10 3.0 0
Chemicals 5.4 11.1 15 100 4.6 11.5 7 13.3 42.7
Wood, paper, etc. 9.0 1.0 20 100 6.7 4.9 20 3.7 3.8
Textiles 14.1 0.2 15 100 5.9 0.2 15 2.1 3.6
Clothing 11.1 0 15 100 5.1 0 12 2.4 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 12.4 4.7 15 100 6.1 0.3 15 2.1 0

3. Jordan 2020 376 12 31 17.7 17.3 17.1 98.5 99.2
5. European Union 2020 77 9 13 12.5 4.1 0.0 14.1 3.4
1. China 2020 45,146 5 22 5.9 1.6 0.0 11.1 70.8
2. Japan 2020 18,417 1 2 1.7 0.0 0.0 54.1 99.3
3. India 2020 16,164 9 24 9.3 1.7 0.0 5.9 0.8
5. European Union 2020 15,745 11 32 4.4 1.0 0.0 20.9 83.4

162
Senegal
Senegal

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 1.2 0 98.8 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 33.7 33.4 0 19.6 13.3 0 0 0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0.0 0 100.0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 16.2 31.5 31.8 0 20.3 0.3 0 0 0

Animal products 30.0 0 30 100 24.5 0 35 0.2 0
Dairy products 27.5 0 30 100 17.2 0 35 0.8 0
Coffee, tea 30.0 0 30 100 18.5 0 35 0.5 0
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 30.0 0 30 100 11.6 2.0 20 13.4 15.4
Petroleum 30.0 0 30 100 7.7 19.0 10 20.5 27.6
Chemicals 30.0 0 30 100 7.2 4.8 35 10.3 35.4
Wood, paper, etc. 30.0 0 30 100 11.2 4.6 20 2.9 4.0
Textiles 30.0 0 30 100 16.1 0.3 35 2.2 5.3
Clothing 30.0 0 30 100 20.0 0 20 0.4 0

1. China 2020 253 1 1 13.3 14.9 14.9 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 111 9 24 13.2 9.8 9.8 100.0 100.0
3. Mali 49 13 22 18.9 20.8 20.8 100.0 100.0
4. India 2020 42 4 4 21.6 7.0 6.2 87.5 97.1
5. Côte d'Ivoire 18 4 5 18.1 20.3 20.3 100.0 100.0
1. Mali 1,087 5 8 14.3 11.2 11.2 100.0 100.0
2. Switzerland 2020 486 1 1 1.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. India 2020 359 4 4 6.8 4.9 4.9 94.2 99.0
4. European Union 2020 305 22 57 5.2 6.9 6.9 100.0 100.0
5. Australia 2020 196 1 1 2.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

163
Serbia
Serbia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 2.9 35.1 11.2 7.8 24.0 19.0 0 0 0.1
Imports 2020 0.1 17.3 12.2 10.3 22.2 37.8 0 0 1.1
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 1.1 60.7 25.3 4.3 8.1 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 1.4 65.5 19.8 6.9 6.3 0.1 0 0 0

Animal products 20.5 0 30 0.9 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 14.0 0 30 2.4 0
Coffee, tea 10.4 0 30 1.0 0
Cereals & preparations 20.9 0 30 1.7 0
Oilseeds, fats & oils 7.0 0 30 0.5 0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Fish & fish products 9.0 0 30 0.5 0
Minerals & metals 5.0 2.8 30 18.9 0.7
Petroleum 2.1 7.7 10 5.1 6.1
Chemicals 3.1 1.5 30 18.0 3.1
Wood, paper, etc. 4.7 0 22 5.3 0
Textiles 9.1 1.0 30 4.2 0.6
Clothing 20.4 0 22 1.9 0
Leather, footwear, etc. 8.4 0 30 2.9 0
Non-electrical machinery 4.6 0 20 11.9 0
Manufactures, n.e.s. 5.8 0 25 3.7 6.6

1. European Union 2020 1,683 24 143 15.6 11.1 9.4 91.2 97.2
2. Japan 2020 595 1 1 9.0 0.1 0.0 51.5 98.9
5. North Macedonia 2020 229 20 91 17.1 29.7 29.7 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 9,556 55 617 4.2 3.3 3.3 99.8 100.0
4. China 2020 505 14 46 5.8 3.3 0.0 17.3 11.8
5. North Macedonia 2020 448 44 351 7.7 6.6 6.6 100.0 100.0

164
Seychelles
Seychelles

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 29.3 0 19.4 0 47.6 2.5 0.0 1.2 0
MFN applied 2021 79.9 0.4 0.5 7.8 6.7 2.9 0.4 1.4 3.8
Imports 2020 76.3 0.3 0.0 6.6 11.1 2.7 0.9 2.1 11.2
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 49.8 0 26.4 0 23.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 92.5 0.3 1.5 0.1 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0
Imports 2020 83.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 15.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Animal products 19.0 9.0 25 100 2.2 89.6 25 2.5 57.6
Dairy products 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.9 100.0
Coffee, tea 21.5 4.2 25 100 12.0 52.1 25 0.5 65.9
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 6.7 50.0 25 100 0.4 98.1 25 11.0 98.8
Petroleum 17.6 29.4 25 100 8.3 66.7 25 16.1 100.0
Chemicals 1.0 85.9 25 100 0.4 97.7 25 6.8 95.0
Wood, paper, etc. 13.2 27.4 50 100 0.8 96.8 50 5.0 99.0
Textiles 10.2 21.0 25 100 1.5 88.2 25 1.3 62.1
Clothing 24.7 0 25 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.7 100.0

1. South Africa 2020 2 1 1 2.1 5.0 0.0 16.7 0.0
2. Malaysia 2020 2 1 1 93.0 275.7 0.0 66.7 1.1
3. Australia 2020 1 1 1 2.5 0.0 0.0 50.0 99.8
4. Hong Kong, China 2020 1 2 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 1 4 7 4.4 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 237 6 10 5.3 20.8 20.8 100.0 100.0
2. Japan 2020 86 1 4 3.0 3.4 0.0 15.4 2.3
3. Zambia 2020 73 1 2 16.3 25.0 25.0 100.0 100.0
4. Mauritius 2020 50 1 3 2.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Indonesia 2020 25 2 4 11.1 4.9 0.0 7.0 2.6

165
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 98.9 1.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 99.7 0.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 40.0 0 40 100 24.5 0 35
Dairy products 40.0 0 40 100 17.2 0 35
Coffee, tea 39.8 0 40 100 18.5 0 35
Cotton 30.0 0 30 100 5.0 0 5
Minerals & metals 48.4 0 50 100 11.6 2.0 20
Petroleum 50.0 0 50 100 7.7 19.0 10
Chemicals 48.9 0 50 100 7.2 4.8 35
Wood, paper, etc. 49.5 0 50 100 11.2 4.6 20
Textiles 50.0 0 50 100 16.1 0.3 35
Clothing 50.0 0 50 100 20.0 0 20
Non-electrical machinery 43.3 0 50 100 6.8 0 20

1. European Union 2020 53 2 2 14.7 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
2. Guinea 5 5 5 16.0 15.0 15.0 100.0 100.0
3. Nigeria 2020 4 1 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
4. Senegal 2020 3 2 4 15.0 13.8 13.8 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 185 2 3 4.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
2. China 2020 165 2 4 4.6 0.0 0.0 99.0 100.0
4. Japan 2020 28 1 1 0.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

166
Singapore
Singapore

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 4.0 0.1 92.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.4 3.5
MFN applied 2021 99.9 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.1 0 0.1
Imports 2020 98.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.8 0 1.3
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 19.5 0 47.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal products 9.0 9.9 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.4 100.0
Dairy products 7.1 28.6 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.3 100.0
Coffee, tea 10.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.2 100.0
Beverages & tobacco 179.4 0 > 1000 100 1.4 98.0 91 1.0 94.6
Cotton 10.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 5.6 41.3 10 45.4 0.0 100.0 0 11.7 100.0
Petroleum - - - 0 0.0 100.0 0 14.0 100.0
Chemicals 5.0 19.4 10 97.2 0.0 100.0 0 8.9 100.0
Wood, paper, etc. 3.2 67.7 10 96.4 0.0 100.0 0 1.0 100.0
Textiles 9.9 0.3 10 64.2 0.0 100.0 0 0.9 100.0
Clothing 10.0 0 10 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.6 100.0

2. Australia 2020 627 7 12 2.0 3.0 3.0 100.0 100.0
3. Malaysia 2020 558 20 69 8.2 23.1 10.6 92.7 90.4
4. Philippines 2020 484 10 25 9.4 3.9 3.9 99.4 100.0
5. Thailand 2020 482 7 13 26.6 7.4 7.4 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 28,428 23 150 5.7 1.8 1.6 96.3 96.0
3. Malaysia 2020 16,900 45 451 6.8 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 16,695 29 211 4.5 1.6 0.9 83.5 85.5
5. India 2020 12,850 47 477 10.3 7.6 6.4 82.1 86.4

167
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 2.7 7.6 2.0 0.4 1.1 80.5 5.7 3.3
MFN applied 2021 0.5 14.2 81.6 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.3 2.4 3.8
Imports
Final bound 0 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 94.1 3.4 0.9
MFN applied 2021 0.5 18.3 80.8 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.3
Imports

Animal products 86.8 0 110 100 8.5 0 10
Dairy products 34.8 0 80 100 7.6 0 10
Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100 10.0 0 10
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100 10.0 0 10
Minerals & metals 76.8 0 90 100 8.5 0 11
Petroleum 3.4 0 9 100 7.6 0 10
Chemicals 76.5 0 110 100 7.7 0 110
Wood, paper, etc. 80.0 0 80 100 9.8 0 10
Textiles 79.9 0 80 100 9.9 0.2 10
Clothing 80.0 0 80 100 10.0 0 10
Leather, footwear, etc. 80.0 0 80 100 10.0 0 10
Manufactures, n.e.s. 89.9 0 > 1000 100 9.7 1.1 13

1. European Union 2020 18 1 3 7.1 4.8 4.8 100.0 100.0
2. Switzerland 2020 12 1 3 54.6 56.6 56.6 100.0 100.0
3. Malaysia 2020 8 1 1 7.5 0.1 0.0 50.0 99.2
4. Philippines 2020 3 1 1 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5. Australia 2020 1 5 6 1.1 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 367 2 3 1.4 0.0 0.0 84.9 99.9
2. European Union 2020 59 1 1 6.7 23.9 23.9 100.0 100.0
3. India 2020 34 1 2 4.3 5.0 0.0 14.3 0.2
4. Thailand 2020 16 1 2 4.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

168
South Africa
South Africa

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 22.5 2.5 1.6 1.5 9.9 36.4 22.5 2.9 0
MFN applied 2021 46.1 11.3 13.6 6.3 15.7 6.0 0.8 0.2 13.7
Imports 2020 33.0 10.4 19.8 2.5 21.8 9.9 2.0 0.6 25.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 12.8 5.0 22.1 20.0 19.1 13.8 0 0.0 0
MFN applied 2021 62.5 2.3 6.8 8.1 13.0 7.3 0 0.0 0.9
Imports 2020 67.6 7.2 3.9 3.6 12.9 4.9 0 0.0 6.6

Animal products 37.4 30.6 160 100 11.2 60.4 82 0.9 57.6
Dairy products 92.3 0 96 100 6.9 23.8 18 0.3 2.2
Coffee, tea 65.4 20.8 170 100 7.1 45.8 25 0.6 31.6
Cotton 60.0 0 60 100 4.4 66.7 15 0.0 4.2
Minerals & metals 11.7 16.1 30 96.0 5.0 62.1 30 10.7 71.6
Petroleum - - - 0 0.6 55.6 15 13.6 62.3
Chemicals 12.3 5.8 30 99.7 2.1 84.5 30 15.8 81.2
Wood, paper, etc. 11.4 16.7 45 100 6.1 62.4 45 4.5 73.8
Textiles 22.2 3.2 30 99.2 17.1 18.7 744 3.0 12.8
Clothing 45.0 0 45 100 41.1 1.9 45 2.4 0.9

1. European Union 2020 2,559 19 83 13.6 12.7 6.6 61.9 42.6
2. China 2020 809 10 19 13.3 22.7 0.0 5.9 2.3
3. Botswana 2020 763 22 178 10.6 13.9 13.9 100.0 100.0
4. Namibia 2020 618 22 182 11.0 17.8 17.8 100.0 100.0
5. Zimbabwe 2020 530 17 39 24.9 9.5 8.4 82.3 93.6
1. China 2020 20,859 6 23 5.4 1.0 0.0 17.4 71.4
2. European Union 2020 16,356 40 152 4.4 3.4 3.4 99.8 99.1
4. India 2020 7,497 13 24 9.5 7.5 0.0 3.2 0.8
5. Japan 2020 5,574 7 15 1.4 0.1 0.0 86.0 98.7

169
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0.1 0 0.1 0.3 95.8 3.5 0.0 3.0
MFN applied 2021 18.8 0.4 7.3 59.7 6.3 4.0 1.2 2.3 23.4
Imports 2020 28.5 0.3 3.7 30.6 7.2 25.7 2.9 1.1 47.6
Final bound 0.2 7.6 6.9 0.2 6.5 8.9 0.7 0 0.2
MFN applied 2021 70.3 0.1 6.8 22.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.4
Imports 2020 75.2 0.1 2.8 21.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.5

Animal products 49.9 0 50 100 11.2 30.6 50 0.0 44.5
Dairy products 48.6 0 60 100 24.5 0 60 2.1 0
Coffee, tea 49.8 0 60 100 15.1 0 29 0.2 0
Cotton 50.0 0 50 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 48.0 4.8 75 7.0 5.2 60.6 19 16.6 79.4
Petroleum 20.0 0 45 83.3 11.5 29.9 42 10.1 37.4
Chemicals 10.7 0 60 6.5 1.7 87.6 30 12.6 83.4
Wood, paper, etc. 33.9 1.8 60 19.5 7.6 47.4 15 3.3 64.7
Textiles 9.5 1.1 50 95.8 1.3 91.0 59 15.1 97.3
Clothing 17.5 0 18 100 0.0 100.0 0 1.0 100.0

1. European Union 2020 405 13 43 14.2 5.3 5.1 68.9 99.0
2. India 2020 287 11 21 50.7 51.9 48.3 74.6 66.3
5. Japan 2020 83 8 14 9.7 4.0 0.6 47.5 47.1
2. European Union 2020 2,023 30 172 5.4 8.5 8.5 99.8 100.0
3. India 2020 356 48 220 12.7 12.9 11.4 80.7 78.2
4. Canada 2020 237 17 90 6.5 13.5 0.2 52.9 19.6
5. Hong Kong, China 2020 197 11 47 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

170
Sudan
Sudan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 4.8 4.9 6.4 0 24.5 59.4 0 0 0.4
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 8.5 21.2 21.5 0 14.2 34.5 0 0 1.6
Imports

Cotton 3.0 0 3
Petroleum 8.7 9.5 10
Clothing 40.0 0 40

1. China 2020 771 4 5 10.8 12.7 12.7 100.0 100.0
3. India 2020 155 2 4 23.6 30.2 20.7 90.9 68.3
4. European Union 2020 104 3 4 19.2 4.3 4.3 100.0 100.0
5. Türkiye 2020 86 2 2 40.6 4.1 0.0 21.9 65.8
2. India 2020 214 1 1 6.8 0.1 0.1 90.0 99.7
3. European Union 2020 156 4 4 4.4 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
4. China 2020 56 2 2 5.1 0.4 0.4 97.7 100.0
5. Indonesia 2020 40 1 1 7.4 0.0 0.0 35.3 100.0

171
Suriname
Suriname

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.2 0 0.0 0.3 99.3 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 10.0 35.1 2.9 4.0 18.6 29.5 0 0 0
Imports 2019 6.6 13.3 8.9 1.4 43.2 26.6 0 0 0
Final bound 1.4 4.8 0.3 0 6.3 2.9 0 0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 3.7 67.8 3.2 4.2 18.3 2.8 0 0 0
Imports 2019 2.0 53.1 13.3 9.1 17.0 5.7 0 0 0

Animal products 20.0 0 20 100 21.6 8.4 40 2.0 0
Dairy products 20.0 0 20 100 9.4 0 20 1.1 0
Coffee, tea 20.0 0 20 100 16.8 0 40 0.5 0
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100 5.0 0 5 0 0
Fish & fish products 22.4 0 25 9.4 30.0 11.2 40 0.5 0
Minerals & metals 6.8 3.9 20 8.5 7.6 5.0 40 9.4 2.5
Petroleum 21.7 0 34 83.3 5.3 17.2 25 6.1 3.1
Chemicals 7.0 63.3 30 3.5 6.6 3.3 30 11.4 6.9
Wood, paper, etc. 25.0 0 40 2.0 9.6 5.1 20 3.8 3.5
Textiles 14.2 26.6 20 13.6 7.3 0.2 25 1.0 1.1
Clothing 37.6 0 40 53.7 19.8 0 20 0.8 0

1. European Union 2020 26 11 22 17.2 11.0 11.0 100.0 100.0
2. Jamaica 2020 20 2 4 22.9 24.7 24.7 100.0 100.0
3. Morocco 2020 4 1 2 30.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. Guyana 2020 3 9 19 36.6 27.4 27.3 98.2 99.5
5. Brazil 2020 3 1 1 12.0 12.0 12.0 100.0 100.0
1. Switzerland 2020 1,118 1 1 2.0 0.0 0.0 66.7 100.0
4. European Union 2020 95 8 21 4.2 3.6 3.6 100.0 100.0
5. Guyana 2020 89 5 5 14.9 19.5 19.5 99.3 100.0

172
Switzerland
Switzerland

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 21.7 23.6 9.4 4.4 6.7 9.2 12.3 12.6 78.3
MFN applied 2021 29.7 28.6 8.5 4.3 5.3 5.8 8.5 8.9 70.3
Imports 2020 19.4 29.4 16.4 11.5 6.6 5.6 7.1 4.0 80.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 22.3 67.6 7.0 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.0 0 77.4
MFN applied 2021 31.6 62.2 4.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 0 0 68.4
Imports 2020 61.0 34.9 3.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 39.0

Animal products 90.3 14.9 > 1000 100 98.4 14.9 > 1000 0.3 2.4
Dairy products 168.1 0 992 100 165.0 0 987 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 9.2 26.4 662 100 4.6 36.1 240 0.5 57.5
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 1.3 13.3 29 98.9 1.3 14.9 29 41.4 74.6
Petroleum 1.8 0 2 16.7 0.0 100.0 0 1.2 100.0
Chemicals 0.9 34.9 43 100 0.9 35.6 43 20.0 75.7
Wood, paper, etc. 3.6 18.3 35 100 3.6 18.3 35 3.1 37.3
Textiles 6.0 1.6 62 100 1.8 65.5 35 1.4 11.6
Clothing 3.5 0 19 100 3.5 0 19 2.6 0

1. European Union 2020 5,175 33 443 15.7 11.5 9.0 33.8 86.2
3. Japan 2020 494 9 12 25.0 6.8 4.4 41.2 84.8
4. Canada 2020 337 7 10 14.5 21.2 4.0 77.9 91.8
1. European Union 2020 109,563 65 969 4.3 1.9 1.9 98.9 100.0
3. India 2020 18,034 9 28 9.8 12.1 0.0 4.2 0.6
4. China 2020 17,622 32 295 6.0 3.2 1.6 59.3 56.5
5. Hong Kong, China 2020 7,637 16 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

173

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 0 37.0 25.4 0 21.2 16.4 0 0 0
Imports
Final bound
MFN applied 2020 0 49.9 26.1 0 7.4 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Imports

Cotton 1.0 0 1
Petroleum 18.1 0 30
Chemicals 4.1 0 30
Textiles 11.0 0 30
Clothing 30.1 0 80

1. Türkiye 2020 192 5 10 23.3 27.8 0.0 15.4 18.1
3. European Union 2020 50 19 87 15.3 6.1 2.5 23.3 59.9
4. Jordan 2020 40 9 23 17.6 14.1 14.1 100.0 100.0
3. Serbia 2020 18 1 1 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. European Union 2020 15 34 187 5.7 5.2 5.2 100.0 100.0
5. Türkiye 2020 13 9 13 4.0 3.7 0.0 10.9 28.8

174
Chinese Taipei
Chinese Taipei

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 24.0 15.0 12.5 10.9 25.6 7.8 1.3 2.9 6.5
MFN applied 2021 25.2 14.3 12.9 11.3 24.8 7.9 1.4 2.2 6.3
Imports 2020 34.1 13.1 21.0 7.7 16.1 6.3 0.9 0.8 11.7
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 31.4 37.8 19.6 7.5 3.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4
MFN applied 2021 32.2 38.5 17.7 7.3 3.7 0.5 0.0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 75.5 16.0 4.2 1.3 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Animal products 16.1 3.2 45 100 16.3 3.2 45 0.6 0.3
Dairy products 17.1 0 86 100 17.1 0 86 0.2 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 24.9 9.3 > 1000 100 24.9 9.9 > 1000 0.6 9.1
Coffee, tea 8.5 41.7 35 100 8.5 41.7 35 0.2 45.1
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 2.9 52.7 13 100 2.7 56.6 13 15.5 83.2
Petroleum 5.2 6.9 10 100 2.1 44.9 5 6.7 97.0
Chemicals 2.8 25.8 20 100 2.8 25.8 20 12.0 45.8
Wood, paper, etc. 0.4 94.1 13 100 0.4 94.5 13 1.6 93.3
Textiles 7.5 3.2 13 100 7.3 3.3 13 1.0 4.0
Clothing 11.7 0 12 100 11.7 0 12 0.7 0

1. China 2020 623 16 45 12.0 13.2 0.1 8.0 1.4
3. Japan 2020 366 23 73 17.3 10.3 0.0 19.5 42.6
4. Hong Kong, China 2020 284 22 94 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Viet Nam 2020 199 10 17 18.3 5.4 0.0 11.8 59.6
1. China 2020 221,207 30 166 6.1 1.1 0.3 24.3 80.8
2. Hong Kong, China 2020 71,548 9 44 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Singapore 2020 36,159 13 43 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 29,707 57 736 4.4 1.7 0.0 21.0 60.9

175
Tajikistan
Tajikistan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.8 37.3 23.3 31.4 6.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 3.0
MFN applied 2021 0.7 40.6 20.7 30.6 6.1 0.8 0.1 0.3 2.8
Imports 2020 0.1 69.5 11.1 13.1 5.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 5.3
Final bound 14.4 25.8 43.5 9.1 6.5 0.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 13.0 26.7 43.9 9.4 6.5 0.5 0 0 0.2
Imports 2020 7.3 53.8 34.3 2.9 1.6 0.1 0 0 0

Animal products 9.0 4.0 15 100 9.0 4.3 15 1.5 1.1
Dairy products 12.6 0 15 100 12.6 0 15 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 6.7 0 15 100 6.7 0 15 1.4 0
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100 20.0 0 20 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 7.3 1.9 15 100 7.3 1.9 15 22.1 1.4
Petroleum 4.1 0 10 100 4.1 0 10 8.9 0
Chemicals 3.9 36.5 20 100 4.1 33.2 20 12.0 9.6
Wood, paper, etc. 7.7 4.4 20 100 7.7 4.7 20 6.1 0.5
Textiles 11.2 2.9 30 100 11.2 3.0 30 2.3 3.5
Clothing 19.3 0 20 100 19.3 0 20 0.5 0

1. Türkiye 2020 60 1 1 17.4 0.1 0.0 15.4 99.7
3. Kazakhstan 2020 14 4 10 7.7 7.9 7.9 100.0 100.0
4. Uzbekistan 2020 13 2 2 9.2 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
5. China 2020 13 1 1 15.6 19.9 0.0 20.0 49.7
1. Switzerland 2020 779 1 1 1.5 0.0 0.0 80.4 100.0
2. Kazakhstan 2020 85 1 2 5.5 0.4 0.4 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 83 3 4 4.3 0.5 0.0 31.3 91.2
4. Uzbekistan 2020 82 7 12 6.5 14.8 14.8 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 81 4 5 4.4 7.2 0.6 67.3 0.6

176
Tanzania
Tanzania

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0
MFN applied 2021 14.1 0 15.9 0 55.8 10.8 3.1 0 1.1
Imports 2020 7.0 0 30.2 0 20.0 31.9 1.5 0 10.0
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0
MFN applied 2021 41.5 0 19.7 0.1 37.9 0.8 0.0 0 1.3
Imports 2020 51.0 0 24.2 0.0 21.6 3.2 0.1 0 2.1

Animal products 120.0 0 120 100 23.2 7.7 35 0.1 47.2
Dairy products 120.0 0 120 100 51.7 0 60 0.1 0
Coffee, tea 120.0 0 120 100 25.8 12.5 35 0.0 0.8
Cotton 120.0 0 120 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Fish & fish products 120.0 0 120 0.8 24.8 0.3 25 0.0 0
Minerals & metals - - - 0 11.3 37.1 36 17.5 55.1
Petroleum - - - 0 4.3 61.4 25 14.5 40.5
Chemicals 120.0 0 120 0.3 3.6 79.4 25 18.5 78.0
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 13.6 28.3 25 2.4 20.9
Textiles 120.0 0 120 0.3 20.6 7.4 50 3.5 7.7
Clothing - - - 0 25.2 0 50 0.6 0

1. India 2020 333 6 8 30.9 21.5 20.0 63.4 96.0
2. European Union 2020 278 9 18 7.4 5.2 5.2 100.0 100.0
3. Viet Nam 2020 179 2 3 18.0 6.3 0.0 27.3 10.9
4. China 2020 179 3 4 8.9 9.7 9.7 100.0 100.0
5. Pakistan 2020 121 3 6 5.3 1.5 0.0 17.4 72.2
2. Switzerland 2020 785 1 1 1.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Uganda 2020 637 3 4 16.8 24.9 24.9 100.0 100.0
4. India 2020 602 4 5 8.6 7.1 6.8 92.3 94.3
5. European Union 2020 443 4 9 5.4 1.2 1.2 99.9 100.0

177
Thailand
Thailand

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 2.0 1.4 3.4 1.6 2.0 74.0 12.3 3.2 44.0
MFN applied 2021 12.3 10.3 4.2 0.1 7.8 47.6 11.0 2.6 27.9
Imports 2020 13.1 15.7 6.9 0.0 4.6 24.3 23.1 9.6 16.5
Final bound 2.3 2.9 1.3 2.4 13.3 48.7 0.4 0.1 14.9
MFN applied 2021 40.9 22.3 16.7 0.1 5.0 14.4 0.5 0.1 6.4
Imports 2020 55.3 16.0 21.1 0.0 2.0 4.8 0.7 0.1 1.2

Animal products 30.3 13.6 76 100 29.0 9.2 50 0.1 16.5
Dairy products 33.0 0 216 100 37.5 0 216 0.3 0
Coffee, tea 55.5 0 90 100 43.9 12.5 90 0.2 1.8
Cotton 4.5 0 5 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 24.7 0.1 34 51.8 5.0 47.2 34 20.6 54.8
Petroleum - - - 0 4.4 19.8 10 10.2 83.9
Chemicals 30.6 0.2 244 61.2 2.6 67.4 30 11.8 35.3
Wood, paper, etc. 23.8 0 50 86.6 5.8 32.8 20 1.9 29.9
Textiles 28.4 0 61 94.2 18.6 2.9 83 1.9 2.3
Clothing 30.0 0 30 99.5 29.6 0 60 0.5 0

1. Japan 2020 3,506 20 49 16.2 15.4 3.1 62.0 26.9
3. European Union 2020 1,779 23 75 14.7 19.3 0.0 10.6 16.1
4. Hong Kong, China 2020 1,516 14 37 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Viet Nam 2020 1,450 14 31 21.9 38.1 36.3 98.2 63.6
2. China 2020 33,703 32 203 6.2 2.4 1.2 94.7 92.1
3. Japan 2020 19,754 53 509 3.3 1.2 1.1 98.1 99.2
4. European Union 2020 18,191 57 552 4.7 2.3 0.0 20.1 52.7
5. Hong Kong, China 2020 12,482 23 108 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

178
Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0 99.6 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0.4
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 0 99.1 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 1.0
Imports

Coffee, tea 2.5 0 3
Cotton 2.5 0 3
Petroleum 2.5 0 3
Chemicals 2.5 0 5
Textiles 2.5 0 3
Clothing 2.5 0 3

1. Canada 2020 5 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Indonesia 2020 2 3 5 5.5 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
4. China 2020 1 2 3 18.0 24.0 24.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 1 1 1 13.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
1. Singapore 2020 45 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Japan 2020 17 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 0 9 22 3.8 1.6 1.6 100.0 100.0

179
Togo
Togo

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.9 0 0
MFN applied 2021 0 27.1 19.1 0 41.9 12.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 0 17.4 33.5 0 36.5 12.7 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 0 0
MFN applied 2021 2.0 40.4 21.4 0 35.8 0.4 0 0 0
Imports 2020 10.5 33.7 28.3 0 25.6 1.8 0 0 0

Animal products 80.0 0 80 100 24.5 0 35 0.6 0
Dairy products 80.0 0 80 100 17.2 0 35 1.4 0
Coffee, tea 80.0 0 80 100 18.5 0 35 0.1 0
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 80.0 0 80 2.8 11.6 2.0 20 14.6 8.3
Petroleum - - - 0 7.7 19.0 10 11.4 0.0
Chemicals 80.0 0 80 0.3 7.2 4.8 35 17.0 34.5
Wood, paper, etc. - - - 0 11.2 4.6 20 2.6 7.9
Textiles - - - 0 16.1 0.3 35 6.5 12.0
Clothing - - - 0 20.0 0 20 1.3 0
Non-electrical machinery - - - 0 6.8 0 20 7.4 0

1. China 2020 178 2 2 15.3 10.9 10.9 100.0 100.0
2. India 2020 107 3 4 18.4 22.1 20.2 81.8 93.7
3. European Union 2020 65 10 13 10.2 1.3 1.3 100.0 100.0
4. Benin 2020 46 12 23 18.8 27.7 27.7 100.0 100.0
5. Viet Nam 2020 42 3 3 7.0 4.2 0.0 40.0 23.2
1. Angola 2019 449 1 1 3.8 2.0 0.0 44.7 0.0
2. India 2020 194 6 7 5.4 2.8 2.7 88.9 97.4
3. Benin 2020 173 25 59 15.2 8.3 8.3 100.0 100.0
4. Burkina Faso 2020 133 9 13 15.5 10.6 10.6 100.0 100.0
5. Ghana 56 14 31 14.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0

180
Tonga
Tonga

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 16.3 83.7 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 47.2 0 4.0 45.1 3.7 0 0 0 0.1
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 53.1 46.9 0 0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 16.5 14.7 0.1 61.5 7.2 0 0 0 0.0
Imports

Animal products 18.2 0 20 100 0.9 93.7 15
Dairy products 16.0 0 20 100 7.9 45.2 15
Coffee, tea 20.0 0 20 100 12.7 16.7 20
Cotton 20.0 0 20 100 15.0 0 15
Minerals & metals 19.4 0 20 99.9 13.1 12.8 20
Petroleum 20.0 0 20 100 3.3 83.3 20
Chemicals 15.0 0 20 100 13.0 12.7 15
Wood, paper, etc. 15.8 0 20 100 11.9 22.0 20
Textiles 15.1 0 20 100 14.7 2.4 20
Clothing 15.0 0 15 100 15.0 0 15

1. New Zealand 2020 2 6 13 1.6 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0
3. Australia 2020 1 2 6 2.5 3.2 3.2 100.0 100.0
5. Samoa 2020 0 3 3 9.6 10.1 0.0 20.0 3.2
2. Hong Kong, China 2020 0 2 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Malaysia 2020 0 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
4. Australia 2020 0 7 8 1.0 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0
5. Japan 2020 0 1 2 2.3 2.8 0.0 33.3 20.0

181
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 5.9 2.4 0.3 3.2 0 1.0 85.1 2.1 0
MFN applied 2021 41.9 3.6 2.1 5.2 12.8 31.6 2.9 0 2.1
Imports
Final bound 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.6 0.5 84.3 11.3 0 0
MFN applied 2021 69.5 0.2 3.0 4.2 17.3 5.7 0.0 0 0.0
Imports

Animal products 82.3 7.0 110 100 25.1 11.9 40
Dairy products 100.0 0 100 100 13.9 13.5 40
Coffee, tea 80.7 0 106 100 15.6 22.9 40
Cereals & preparations 85.3 6.0 100 100 11.9 52.3 100
Oilseeds, fats & oils 90.6 8.8 100 100 16.0 57.1 40
Cotton 80.0 20.0 100 100 0.0 100.0 0
Minerals & metals 45.9 2.0 70 100 3.6 80.7 30
Petroleum 35.1 0 50 100 7.2 74.0 30
Chemicals 50.3 0 100 100 2.5 84.9 40
Wood, paper, etc. 50.9 1.8 70 100 7.1 57.9 20
Textiles 50.6 0.3 70 100 3.0 84.4 30
Clothing 70.0 0 70 100 19.8 0.9 20
Leather, footwear, etc. 51.6 4.4 70 100 7.0 62.6 30

1. Jamaica 2020 77 7 18 21.7 22.3 22.3 100.0 100.0
2. Guyana 2020 56 13 33 27.2 32.7 32.3 95.0 97.6
3. Barbados 2020 47 14 48 37.1 45.4 45.4 100.0 100.0
5. Saint Lucia 2019 21 11 29 25.1 32.6 32.6 100.0 100.0
2. European Union 2020 1,212 4 6 3.7 1.8 1.8 100.0 100.0
3. Guyana 2020 459 20 66 11.0 15.5 10.9 99.1 77.3
4. China 2020 418 3 3 4.8 4.0 0.0 17.9 22.7

182
Tunisia
Tunisia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 1.7 2.9 44.0 51.4 0
MFN applied
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 8.1 27.2 16.3 0.1 0
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 85.6 0 150 100
Cotton 62.0 0 62 100
Petroleum - - - 0
Chemicals 29.5 0 75 41.8
Wood, paper, etc. 37.8 0 52 49.6
Textiles 56.1 0 60 91.8
Clothing 60.0 0 60 100

1. European Union 2020 496 15 36 14.8 20.5 2.4 32.7 26.1
3. Morocco 2020 81 4 8 27.3 33.6 33.6 97.7 99.9
4. Canada 2020 57 5 7 3.3 0.4 0.0 63.2 95.8
5. Indonesia 2020 23 1 1 7.7 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. European Union 2020 8,625 54 425 4.8 4.7 4.7 99.8 100.0
3. China 2020 231 24 124 6.0 4.2 0.0 14.5 30.2
4. Switzerland 2020 195 20 141 2.2 2.0 2.0 100.0 100.0
5. Türkiye 2020 129 32 108 5.9 4.3 4.3 99.9 100.0

183
Türkiye
Türkiye

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.0 3.2 3.5 5.6 20.4 26.1 22.2 19.0 0
MFN applied 2021 18.1 5.9 9.5 2.5 17.4 20.6 14.0 12.1 0.5
Imports 2020 33.1 2.7 13.0 4.6 11.1 32.4 1.0 2.1 0.1
Final bound 3.3 3.7 4.1 11.4 11.1 8.5 0.8 0.0 0.1
MFN applied 2021 23.8 36.3 27.6 6.2 0.7 4.7 0.7 0 0.6
Imports 2020 38.4 35.9 22.2 1.8 1.5 0.2 0.0 0 0.0

Animal products 133.4 0 225 100 101.1 9.0 225 0.3 93.3
Dairy products 169.8 0 180 100 128.4 0 180 0.0 0
Coffee, tea 80.3 0 168 100 31.9 8.3 145 0.5 28.4
Cotton 10.9 0 13 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.9 100.0
Minerals & metals 18.3 1.4 50 24.4 3.4 36.7 40 31.6 68.1
Petroleum 0.6 0 1 20.0 3.2 16.7 5 2.6 0
Chemicals 16.5 4.3 100 67.2 4.7 20.4 17 15.2 25.4
Wood, paper, etc. 26.9 3.7 62 42.5 1.0 80.5 15 2.3 90.7
Textiles 25.2 0 92 23.6 6.5 2.1 12 3.3 5.1
Clothing 27.3 0 40 3.7 11.5 0 12 0.6 0

1. European Union 2020 4,796 26 163 14.5 12.1 9.7 65.1 80.2
5. Ukraine 2020 458 10 30 9.3 4.5 0.0 13.9 55.5
1. European Union 2020 66,078 64 1,182 4.4 6.1 6.1 100.0 100.0
3. Israel 2020 4,058 54 545 5.0 6.2 6.1 99.6 99.3
4. China 2020 4,047 46 291 6.3 4.2 0.0 9.9 20.2

184
Uganda
Uganda

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 4.9 95.0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 14.9 0 16.3 0 48.7 2.5 17.6 0 1.2
Imports 2020 3.7 0 48.7 0 20.7 4.8 22.0 0 18.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 2.8 0.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 42.0 0 20.2 0 23.5 4.2 2.7 2.0 12.4
Imports 2020 39.3 0 15.7 0 38.2 4.3 0.2 0.4 3.4

Animal products 71.6 0 80 100 44.8 7.7 60 0.1 41.6
Dairy products 80.0 0 80 100 56.7 0 60 0.0 0
Coffee, tea 77.9 0 80 100 35.2 12.5 60 0.3 0.1
Cotton 80.0 0 80 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals - - - 0 11.8 38.1 49 32.4 14.4
Petroleum - - - 0 4.5 60.5 35 11.3 48.9
Chemicals 51.8 0 80 3.0 3.6 80.4 35 15.0 78.6
Wood, paper, etc. 50.0 0 50 2.8 15.3 28.1 60 2.0 5.1
Textiles - - - 0 59.8 8.2 819 3.4 7.5
Clothing - - - 0 17.5 0.8 35 0.7 0.0

1. European Union 2020 430 6 10 9.0 1.2 1.2 100.0 100.0
2. Kenya 2020 128 10 16 27.1 50.7 50.7 100.0 100.0
4. China 2020 38 5 6 11.7 10.9 10.9 100.0 100.0
5. Pakistan 2020 37 3 3 5.6 4.7 0.0 28.6 52.4
2. Kenya 2020 94 26 53 16.8 23.9 23.9 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 68 4 7 3.8 8.3 8.3 100.0 100.0
4. Hong Kong, China 2020 61 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. Tanzania 2020 49 12 17 16.7 22.4 22.4 100.0 100.0

185
Ukraine
Ukraine

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 12.2 19.7 26.7 16.6 23.9 0.9 0 0 1.0
MFN applied 2021 21.4 22.3 25.0 13.2 17.0 1.1 0 0 1.1
Imports 2020 34.6 19.9 31.0 10.5 3.1 0.8 0 0 9.8
Final bound 34.0 17.9 41.9 5.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 44.3 28.3 22.0 5.2 0.3 0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 55.7 16.5 25.9 1.8 0.2 0 0 0 0

Animal products 13.0 0 20 100 10.6 10.1 20 0.5 24.8
Dairy products 10.0 0 10 100 10.0 0 10 0.5 0
Coffee, tea 5.8 35.4 20 100 5.7 35.4 20 1.3 40.3
Cotton 1.4 40.0 5 100 1.4 40.0 5 0.0 54.6
Minerals & metals 4.5 42.0 20 100 3.2 47.9 20 17.8 64.9
Petroleum 1.9 65.6 10 100 0.8 86.9 10 6.9 97.7
Chemicals 5.1 15.9 10 100 3.1 41.0 7 16.1 56.8
Wood, paper, etc. 0.4 95.5 12 100 0.3 96.0 12 3.4 98.8
Textiles 4.1 33.1 13 100 3.8 36.2 13 3.5 18.4
Clothing 11.3 1.1 12 100 11.3 1.1 12 1.3 0.1

1. European Union 2020 6,818 19 61 15.3 5.4 2.9 79.9 91.9
2. China 2020 3,817 4 7 13.1 28.6 0.0 1.7 0.2
3. India 2020 1,622 1 1 37.1 34.8 0.0 8.7 0.1
4. Türkiye 2020 998 6 17 26.5 19.7 0.1 17.6 46.6
5. Indonesia 2020 732 1 1 9.0 0.2 0.0 12.1 96.5
1. European Union 2020 10,142 53 470 4.5 1.5 1.5 96.0 97.7
2. China 2020 4,448 6 12 5.7 0.6 0.0 12.1 79.1
4. Türkiye 2020 1,518 21 56 5.0 10.5 0.6 69.6 36.2

186
United Arab Emirates

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 94.3 0 0 0 5.7 0
MFN applied 2021 23.4 67.9 0 0 0 0 0.3 1.0 8.7
Imports 2020 33.2 55.4 0 0 0 0 7.7 0 3.6
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 3.6 0.3 22.3 73.8 0 0 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.4 91.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 42.8 57.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Animal products 33.3 0 200 100 2.8 36.5 5 0.9 38.0
Dairy products 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.7 0
Coffee, tea 15.0 0 15 100 3.1 37.5 5 0.5 31.2
Cotton 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 14.8 0.1 15 100 4.9 2.3 5 32.5 61.8
Petroleum 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 4.6 0
Chemicals 7.0 6.4 15 100 4.4 11.5 5 8.1 29.8
Wood, paper, etc. 12.5 0 15 100 4.8 5.0 5 1.9 4.5
Textiles 14.9 0.2 15 100 5.0 0.2 5 1.5 0.8
Clothing 15.0 0 15 100 5.0 0 5 1.6 0

2. China 2020 476 3 4 14.6 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. India 2020 393 16 42 43.9 22.4 0.0 4.4 3.1
5. Jordan 2020 164 13 31 16.2 16.1 14.9 97.7 98.4
1. India 2020 26,213 19 76 10.6 6.2 0.0 3.7 0.8
2. China 2020 20,061 8 19 5.7 2.1 0.0 14.2 61.7
3. Japan 2020 16,361 2 4 1.4 0.0 0.0 71.2 99.3
4. Switzerland 2020 10,114 1 2 1.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 9,169 38 148 4.3 0.8 0.0 22.1 83.4

187
United Kingdom
United Kingdom

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 30.4 10.0 18.4 13.5 10.8 10.9 3.4 0.5 33.2
MFN applied 2021 39.5 9.5 18.8 10.0 10.2 8.6 2.7 0.1 26.4
Imports 2020 14.7 9.8 30.1 12.7 11.0 12.2 4.5 0.0 40.5
Final bound 29.7 33.3 28.0 7.4 1.5 0.1 0 0 0.5
MFN applied 2021 54.6 18.2 19.1 6.6 1.4 0 0 0 0.3
Imports 2020 52.0 24.4 17.1 5.2 1.2 0.0 0 0 0.3

Animal products 16.9 28.4 93 100 16.5 28.4 92 1.4 7.3
Dairy products 40.7 0 152 100 37.7 0.2 138 0.6 0.0
Coffee, tea 6.1 27.1 20 100 5.6 31.3 20 0.8 23.0
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 100 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 100.0
Minerals & metals 1.9 50.4 12 100 0.8 82.5 12 24.0 83.7
Petroleum 3.2 16.7 5 100 1.6 33.3 4 4.0 90.9
Chemicals 4.6 21.6 17 100 3.0 40.8 7 11.8 50.1
Wood, paper, etc. 1.0 81.3 12 100 0.6 87.5 10 4.1 84.3
Textiles 6.5 2.1 12 100 5.1 31.1 12 2.4 2.4
Clothing 11.5 0 12 100 11.4 0 12 3.7 0

1. European Union 2020 15,976 30 500 18.0 15.6 15.6 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 1,173 14 31 12.5 11.3 0.0 4.7 2.9
4. Singapore 2020 662 13 35 0.4 0.2 0.0 99.2 99.8
5. Australia 2020 504 16 46 1.9 3.6 0.0 63.3 29.8
1. European Union 2020 148,072 73 1,869 4.8 2.9 2.9 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 24,194 51 480 6.1 4.7 0.0 12.1 31.6
4. Switzerland 2020 16,359 34 231 1.5 0.2 0.2 99.5 100.0
5. Hong Kong, China 2020 9,113 30 148 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

188
United States of America
United States of America

Imports in billion US$ 2020 2,232.8 143.2 2,089.7 Ag: Special safeguards (in % ) 3.0
Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 30.7 45.4 11.9 4.5 2.9 1.4 0.2 0.4 42.0
MFN applied 2021 30.6 46.1 12.1 4.8 2.9 1.6 0.3 0.8 41.7
Imports 2020 35.4 42.1 15.5 3.2 2.5 1.2 0.0 0.1 39.1
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 49.8 25.0 16.7 4.7 1.8 0.5 0.0 0 3.2
MFN applied 2021 50.0 25.3 16.6 4.6 1.8 0.4 0.0 0 3.1
Imports 2020 58.7 29.7 6.9 0.9 3.0 0.8 0.0 0 5.7

Animal products 2.2 30.6 26 100 2.2 30.8 26 0.6 19.6
Dairy products 17.2 0.3 85 100 19.4 0.3 85 0.1 9.1
Coffee, tea 3.3 53.5 55 100 3.3 53.5 55 0.5 72.4
Cotton 3.5 38.3 17 100 3.5 38.3 17 0.0 84.5
Minerals & metals 1.8 60.6 38 100 1.7 60.8 38 11.6 70.5
Petroleum 2.2 0 8 83.3 1.9 0 8 4.7 0
Chemicals 2.8 40.4 7 100 2.8 41.1 7 13.4 72.6
Wood, paper, etc. 0.5 89.8 16 100 0.5 88.6 16 4.1 90.4
Textiles 8.0 14.9 34 100 7.9 15.0 34 2.6 11.6
Clothing 11.6 2.9 32 100 11.6 2.8 32 3.1 6.4

1. Canada 2020 20,952 26 247 21.8 9.9 4.7 91.8 97.9
2. Mexico 2020 17,898 26 134 15.5 16.8 16.8 99.5 100.0
3. China 2020 16,744 17 42 13.3 12.4 0.0 5.5 6.9
4. Japan 2020 12,879 25 115 23.7 28.1 3.7 42.5 42.0
5. European Union 2020 10,633 26 133 14.5 4.6 0.0 14.2 41.6
1. European Union 2020 188,300 63 1,226 4.5 1.5 0.0 23.0 68.2
2. China 2020 162,491 49 554 6.1 3.5 0.0 13.1 29.1
3. Canada 2020 150,122 60 1,262 2.5 2.0 2.0 100.0 100.0
4. Mexico 2020 137,672 58 1,035 4.7 2.5 2.5 97.0 99.7
5. Japan 2020 55,773 54 651 2.7 0.5 0.0 57.3 87.5

189
Uruguay
Uruguay

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.7 3.1 6.5 85.3 4.4 0 0
MFN applied 2021 8.6 7.3 56.3 13.3 13.5 1.0 0 0 0
Imports 2020 10.1 1.5 41.2 22.1 21.7 3.3 0 0 0
Final bound 0 0 0.0 1.7 24.8 73.4 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 15.8 19.2 12.6 16.4 35.6 0.3 0 0 0
Imports 2020 31.9 13.2 10.5 9.1 34.7 0.6 0 0 0

Animal products 35.6 0 55 100 8.3 6.2 16 3.4 1.4
Dairy products 44.4 0 55 100 17.9 0 28 0.4 0
Coffee, tea 34.1 0 35 100 11.5 14.6 20 1.5 9.8
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 6.4 0 8 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 33.3 0 35 100 9.6 10.6 20 11.6 26.4
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 0.1 97.2 6 10.2 97.3
Chemicals 22.2 0 35 100 7.2 5.2 18 17.7 24.9
Wood, paper, etc. 27.5 0 35 100 9.7 8.9 18 4.3 20.7
Textiles 34.3 0 35 100 16.4 2.4 35 2.0 4.4
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 20.0 0 20 2.6 0

1. China 2020 1,823 4 7 12.1 8.6 0.0 2.9 1.1
2. Brazil 2020 743 12 25 11.2 15.1 15.1 100.0 100.0
3. European Union 2020 432 10 23 14.0 32.7 0.0 14.1 18.0
5. Türkiye 2020 133 3 3 20.4 4.4 0.0 47.4 95.5
1. European Union 2020 801 13 18 3.9 0.4 0.0 24.5 92.1
2. China 2020 741 7 12 4.9 1.1 0.0 22.5 90.4
3. Brazil 2020 368 26 55 15.5 16.6 16.6 100.0 100.0
4. Argentina 2020 305 27 69 15.5 11.0 11.0 100.0 100.0
5. Paraguay 2020 227 37 208 8.9 4.7 4.7 98.2 99.5

190
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 29.4 14.2 19.2 4.7 24.5 6.9 0.9 0.1 21.0
Imports 2020 52.3 12.5 10.6 4.1 11.3 9.1 0.2 0.0 14.5
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound
MFN applied 2021 46.9 21.0 14.9 4.8 9.4 2.3 0.1 0.3 9.0
Imports 2020 56.4 19.4 13.7 2.5 3.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 7.1

Animal products 6.9 33.1 15 1.1 80.6
Dairy products 10.1 28.6 20 0.2 16.7
Coffee, tea 10.9 29.2 30 0.7 34.4
Cotton 0.0 100.0 0 0.1 100.0
Minerals & metals 5.2 49.9 30 16.2 54.8
Petroleum 0.4 96.2 10 3.7 97.2
Chemicals 2.5 77.5 30 14.4 70.0
Wood, paper, etc. 6.2 51.1 20 4.9 52.8
Textiles 13.1 20.5 900 1.9 28.1
Clothing 28.0 0 279 0.2 0

2. Kazakhstan 2020 262 13 48 8.9 7.2 7.2 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 130 7 7 12.4 13.1 0.0 1.7 25.6
4. Tajikistan 2020 49 20 30 12.4 7.0 6.4 92.8 97.3
5. Kyrgyz Republic 2020 45 17 54 9.2 8.1 8.1 100.0 100.0
1. China 2020 1,542 7 10 6.2 2.5 0.0 5.0 41.0
3. Türkiye 2020 873 4 12 3.8 2.4 1.0 69.4 44.5
4. European Union 2020 674 13 20 4.9 1.1 0.4 59.9 82.3
5. Kazakhstan 2020 518 38 123 6.9 8.7 8.7 100.0 100.0

191
Vanuatu
Vanuatu

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0.1 0 0 0.5 0.2 81.5 17.6 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 10.8 20.8 13.5 8.6 17.3 27.6 1.3 0 0
Imports
Final bound 3.9 0.1 0 0.2 0.8 84.9 10.1 0 0
MFN applied 2021 28.7 24.4 16.6 25.2 3.3 1.3 0.4 0 0
Imports

Animal products 41.3 0 55 100 19.5 4.5 30
Dairy products 38.1 0 65 100 14.8 0 15
Coffee, tea 40.0 0 40 100 23.3 0 30
Cotton 35.0 0 35 100 10.0 0 10
Minerals & metals 42.5 0 75 100 7.4 29.1 25
Petroleum 60.8 0 65 100 5.0 16.7 20
Chemicals 33.5 9.3 65 100 5.2 35.3 30
Wood, paper, etc. 42.4 0.7 65 100 12.1 20.6 30
Textiles 36.2 0.3 65 100 7.5 1.9 20
Clothing 40.1 0 65 100 15.2 0 30

1. Fiji 2020 8 1 1 10.0 5.1 5.1 100.0 100.0
2. Kiribati 2020 7 1 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. China 2020 5 2 2 8.9 6.4 6.4 100.0 100.0
4. Philippines 2020 5 1 1 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1. Thailand 2020 68 1 3 5.0 0.0 0.0 77.8 100.0
2. Japan 2020 42 1 5 3.5 3.5 3.5 100.0 100.0
3. Indonesia 2020 14 2 2 5.8 1.0 0.0 16.7 80.8
5. China 2020 3 2 5 2.2 8.5 8.5 100.0 100.0

192

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0.4 0.4 7.9 63.1 13.0 14.8 0.4
MFN applied 2021 6.2 6.6 44.6 17.2 18.6 6.8 0 0 0
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0 0 0.2 0.8 6.5 92.6 0 0 0
MFN applied 2021 4.7 15.3 13.0 28.3 25.8 12.8 0 0 0
Imports

Animal products 58.2 0 135 100 9.6 6.5 20
Dairy products 95.6 0 117 100 29.5 0 40
Coffee, tea 31.8 0 40 100 15.2 0 20
Cotton 40.0 0 40 100 6.4 0 8
Minerals & metals 33.4 0 35 100 10.2 6.4 20
Petroleum 35.0 0 35 100 0.1 98.3 6
Chemicals 33.5 0 40 100 8.1 0.7 20
Wood, paper, etc. 33.6 0 35 100 10.7 2.3 20
Textiles 34.9 0 35 100 23.3 0 35
Clothing 35.0 0 35 100 35.0 0 35

1. European Union 2020 51 5 6 11.1 0.6 0.0 27.0 80.4
4. Cuba 2020 15 4 7 13.6 16.6 16.6 100.0 100.0
5. Peru 2020 8 9 12 2.7 4.9 4.9 100.0 100.0
1. European Union 2020 761 6 9 4.6 2.1 0.0 24.1 77.1
2. India 2020 713 2 2 7.0 0.5 0.0 2.9 0.0
3. China 2020 566 6 6 4.2 2.8 0.0 31.8 18.3
4. Malaysia 2020 433 1 2 0.8 0.0 0.0 96.9 100.0

193
Viet Nam
Viet Nam

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 8.6 17.1 19.2 8.9 20.2 23.1 2.7 0.3 0
MFN applied 2021 15.0 18.1 14.7 10.3 17.4 22.4 1.8 0.3 0
Imports 2020 30.8 27.5 7.2 9.3 7.0 14.2 4.1 0.0 0
Final bound 14.8 33.8 13.2 13.8 19.8 4.1 0.5 0.0 0.0
MFN applied 2021 38.6 19.7 7.2 12.7 17.6 3.7 0.4 0 0.2
Imports 2020 61.4 12.5 7.6 10.6 6.1 1.0 0.2 0 0.6

Animal products 14.3 8.4 40 100 14.2 8.3 40 0.8 2.2
Dairy products 16.7 0 35 100 8.5 4.8 20 0.3 8.6
Coffee, tea 26.8 0 40 100 24.5 0 40 0.1 0
Cotton 14.0 20.0 20 100 6.0 40.0 10 0.9 100.0
Minerals & metals 11.2 11.8 60 100 8.3 37.3 60 13.5 44.9
Petroleum 35.1 0 40 100 11.7 11.1 20 2.9 49.1
Chemicals 6.0 9.0 27 100 2.9 63.0 27 12.0 46.3
Wood, paper, etc. 10.8 19.9 25 100 9.9 28.6 25 2.3 34.5
Textiles 10.3 0.3 100 100 9.6 11.0 100 6.6 3.8
Clothing 19.9 0 20 100 19.8 0 20 0.2 0

1. European Union 2020 2,492 17 39 13.8 2.3 1.7 78.2 96.0
3. Philippines 2020 1,190 9 15 11.5 43.0 21.0 96.2 29.5
4. Japan 2020 648 22 74 17.5 6.4 4.6 65.2 78.6
5. Thailand 2020 526 15 37 32.9 42.4 41.5 95.9 83.6
2. China 2020 72,068 20 83 6.1 1.5 1.4 94.9 98.9
3. European Union 2020 36,349 45 360 4.8 3.7 2.5 84.8 85.0
4. Japan 2020 21,165 54 469 4.1 3.6 3.4 96.8 98.9

194
Yemen
Yemen

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 4.4 7.8 51.5 24.4 4.5 0 7.5
MFN applied
Imports
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 0.1 2.4 5.2 3.0 80.6 8.8 0 0 0.1
MFN applied
Imports

Coffee, tea 40.3 0 100 100
Cotton 25.0 0 33 100
Minerals & metals 19.1 0.2 40 100
Petroleum 23.8 0 27 100
Chemicals 18.4 0 28 100
Wood, paper, etc. 21.7 0.5 28 100
Textiles 21.8 0 30 100
Clothing 25.0 0 25 100

5. Malaysia 2020 6 3 3 2.9 0.2 0.0 68.4 96.2
1. China 2020 771 1 1 4.9 0.0 0.0 95.5 100.0
3. Malaysia 2020 62 6 12 2.9 0.2 0.0 79.3 98.3
5. European Union 2020 58 6 9 4.1 3.3 3.3 100.0 100.0

195
Zambia
Zambia

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 0.1 97.2 0
MFN applied 2021 2.4 17.9 0.5 19.4 54.5 4.9 0 0.1 7.3
Imports 2020 23.9 15.5 0 11.5 38.0 11.0 0 0 15.4
Final bound 0 0 0 0 0 3.6 0.5 0.1 0
MFN applied 2021 26.3 11.0 3.9 27.1 24.5 6.9 0 0 3.2
Imports 2020 45.8 7.0 4.8 18.9 18.3 4.4 0 0 4.5

Animal products 125.0 0 125 100 23.7 0 40 0.5 0
Dairy products 125.0 0 125 100 21.7 6.3 25 0.3 19.3
Coffee, tea 94.2 0 125 100 22.9 0 25 0.2 0
Cotton 125.0 0 125 100 13.0 0 15 0.0 0
Minerals & metals 36.0 0 40 3.2 11.2 21.4 30 20.9 64.4
Petroleum - - - 0 17.8 24.3 25 8.7 54.6
Chemicals 53.4 0 125 1.7 7.2 55.4 25 20.1 65.1
Wood, paper, etc. 40.0 0 40 3.5 24.3 4.1 40 2.9 7.8
Textiles 40.0 0 40 0.2 15.1 5.8 25 2.5 7.9
Clothing - - - 0 25.0 0 25 1.2 0

1. China 2020 69 1 1 14.4 10.4 10.4 100.0 100.0
2. Zimbabwe 2020 62 7 14 31.2 16.9 16.9 98.2 100.0
3. European Union 2020 46 8 13 7.0 8.3 8.3 100.0 100.0
4. Malawi 2020 45 13 15 19.3 11.5 11.5 100.0 100.0
5. South Africa 2020 38 12 24 11.4 22.5 10.9 96.7 83.1
1. China 2020 3,711 1 2 2.9 2.0 2.0 98.4 100.0
2. Namibia 2020 1,307 1 2 7.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0
5. European Union 2020 213 4 6 3.4 0.3 0.3 100.0 100.0

196
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Duty-free 0 <= 5 5 <= 10 10 <= 15 15 <= 25 25 <= 50 50 <= 100 > 100 NAV
Final bound 1.1 3.0 0.1 0 2.2 0 0 93.4 2.6
MFN applied 2021 4.9 22.5 18.5 3.3 3.5 40.7 3.7 2.8 10.3
Imports 2020 41.7 20.8 8.7 13.8 8.4 3.9 2.5 0.3 1.8
TARIFF PROFILES
Final bound 3.3 3.5 1.8 0.8 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2
MFN applied 2021 11.0 41.0 13.8 7.9 6.9 11.3 7.2 0.7 8.4
Imports 2020 21.7 30.2 15.7 15.7 8.6 5.1 2.1 0.8 2.6

Animal products 150.0 0 150 100 40.2 8.1 150 0.2 52.5
Dairy products 150.0 0 150 100 40.1 4.8 150 0.2 0
Coffee, tea 139.6 0 150 100 32.7 0 40 0.0 0
Cotton 105.0 30.0 150 100 4.0 20.0 5 0.0 94.2
Minerals & metals 12.0 3.7 25 4.5 13.1 0.6 81 15.5 7.0
Petroleum - - - 0 26.7 3.8 90 12.3 8.0
Chemicals 23.1 0 150 3.3 7.2 6.2 50 15.9 9.5
Wood, paper, etc. 12.2 0 25 22.5 19.1 2.3 100 2.6 2.8
Textiles 26.4 0 35 5.5 26.2 0 258 2.0 0
Clothing - - - 0 66.3 0 161 0.2 0

1. China 2020 627 2 3 16.4 12.2 0.0 5.6 0.4
2. European Union 2020 224 8 14 8.6 9.2 9.2 100.0 100.0
4. South Africa 2020 55 13 26 11.8 50.8 48.6 97.7 96.8
5. Indonesia 2020 54 1 3 12.3 5.6 0.0 6.7 0.4
2. China 2020 258 3 6 4.7 0.9 0.0 29.1 59.7
3. Uganda 2020 204 1 1 20.6 25.0 25.0 100.0 100.0
4. European Union 2020 152 6 12 4.4 0.8 0.8 100.0 100.0
5. South Africa 2020 56 30 81 11.2 9.4 9.4 100.0 100.0

197
III. Non-tariff measures
198
1. Introduction 201
2. Statistics on some selected non-tariff measures 202
2.1. Anti-dumping 202
2.2. Countervailing measures 214
2.3. Safeguards 222
199
1. Introduction
Non-tariff measures (NTMs) are becoming more and more relevant in
their influence on global trade patterns as the reductions in tariff rates
over several rounds of multilateral tariff negotiations have diminished the
impact of tariffs. There is no officially agreed definition of NTMs. However,
a widely accepted definition is the one from the Group of Eminent Persons
on Non-Tariff Barriers: “NTMs are policy measures, other than [ordinary]
customs tariffs, that can potentially have an economic effect on international
trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices or both”.1
The definition of NTMs does not judge legitimacy, adequacy, necessity or
the discriminatory nature of any form of policy intervention. Furthermore, the
concept of NTMs is neutral and does not imply a negative or positive impact on
trade. The existence of a NTM on a specific product in a given country per se,
vis-à-vis non-existence of NTM in another country, would not mean the former
has a more restrictive trade regime. It would depend on the nature, substance
and application of the measure. Some NTMs might have a positive impact
no trade, though many NTMs are thought to have important restrictive and/or
distortionary effects on international trade regardless of whether they are applied
with protectionist intent or to address important non-trade objectives. NTMs
include technical requirements in the area of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)
measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) that intend to protect health or
safety, or provide environmental protection. A NTM is a mandatory requirement
enacted by an official law or regulation. Voluntary measures or private or voluntary

standards are not included. Thus, international standards, such as ISO or Codex
Alimentarius standards, are not considered a NTM unless adopted and made
part of the national legislation in a country. Procedural obstacles to trade, i.e.
practical challenges and processes that make compliance with the measures
difficult, are also not considered as NTMs per se. Procedural obstacles are issues
related to the process of application of a NTM, rather than the measure itself.
1. Non-Tariff Measures: Evidence from Selected Developing Countries and Future Research
Agenda, UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2009/3, United Nations 2010.

201
2. Statistics on some selected non-tariff measures
2.1. Anti-dumping
When a company exports a product at nomenclature. Missing HS coding Table 2.1.1 gives an overview of the
a price lower than the price it normally information was complemented from (stock of) measures in effect as of
charges in its own home market, it is the Global Antidumping Database 31 December 2021. It indicates the
said to be “dumping” the product. The (GAD) which is part of the World product coverage in terms of HS-6 digit
normal value is generally the price of Bank’s Temporary Trade Barriers codes. It also lists by WTO member
the product at issue, in the ordinary Database.4 The GAD database is freely how many new investigations have
course of trade, when destined for available and has detailed information been initiated, how many final measures
consumption in the exporting country about anti-dumping investigations have been put into effect and how
market.2 The WTO Agreement and measures by country. The use many measures were withdrawn.
does not regulate the actions of of the data for this publication was
Tables 2.1.2 and 2.1.3 show more
companies engaged in “dumping”. kindly authorized by the author of the
specifically which product groups
Its focus is on how governments database. The merged data are available
have been subject to final AD
can or cannot react to dumping — it in the UNCTAD TRAINS database.5
measures.6 In Table 2.1.2 the product
disciplines anti-dumping actions.
The following tables show categories follow the groupings
Data on anti-dumping (AD) measures systematically the measure count for used in this publication in Part A2 of
drawn from WTO members’ notifications both the WTO member imposing the the tariff profiles whereas in Table
are available in the Integrated Trade measures and the trading partner 2.1.3 more detailed HS 4-digit
Intelligence Portal and are the basis affected by the measures. It is worth headings are used to show in detail
for the data shown here.3 Some noting that AD measures are also which products are most frequently
notifications lack detailed information applied on exports from some countries subject to final AD measures.7
about product classifications according currently acceding to the WTO and
to the Harmonized System (HS) others that are not WTO members.
2. See also: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm

3. See http://i-tip.wto.org
4. See Chad P. Bown (2015) “Global Antidumping Database”, available at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/temporary-trade-barriers-
database-including-global-antidumping-database
5. See http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DITC/Trade-Analysis/Non-Tariff-Measures/NTMs-trains.aspx
6. Please note that the sum of measures in Table 2.1.2 is higher than the sum of measures in Table 2.1.1. This is due to the fact that a number
of individual measures cover products which fall in more than one product group. Therefore a single measure may be listed more than once in
Table 2.1.2 as well as in Table 2.1.3.
7. The choice of the G-20 country grouping was made to align this report with the grouping chosen for the WTO trade monitoring reports.

202
Table 2.1.1. A
nti-dumping measures in effect in 2021

Description of column headings
Country/Territory Name of importing/exporting country/territory
Number of investigations initiated by the

Investigations initiated
country as importer in 2021
From
1 January to
Number of final measures implemented by
31 December Implemented
the country as importer in 2021
2021
Final
measures
Actions
Withdrawn/ Number of final measures withdrawn or revoked
taken as
Revoked by the country as importer in 2021
importer
Number of Number of final measures in effect on products

measures imported by the country as of 31 December 2021
As of Final
31 December measures
Products
2021 in effect Number of distinct HS 6-digit subheadings covered (fully
covered

or partially) by products on which final measures by the
(Number of
importing country were in force as of 31 December 2021
HS 6‑digit)
Number of investigations initiated on products

exported by the country in 2021
From
1 January to Number of final measures implemented on
products exported by the country in 2021
2021
Final
measures
Actions
Withdrawn/ Number of final measures on products exported
faced as
Revoked by the country withdrawn or revoked in 2021
exporter

measures exported by the country as of 31 December 2021
As of Final
Products
covered
or partially) by products on which the country as exporter
(Number of
is subject to final measures as of 31 December 2021
HS 6‑digit)
Note:
All members submitting semi-annual reports of anti-dumping actions are listed individually. Where listed members take action on a customs-union-wide
basis, the figures on numbers of actions are shown for the WTO member in which the investigating authority is physically located. As indicated below, to
avoid multiple-counting, the rows for the other reporting customs union members are left blank.

203
Table 2.1.1. Anti-dumping measures in effect in 2021
Actions taken as importer

From 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021 As of 31 December 2021
Country/Territory Final measures Final measures in effect
Investigations
initiated Withdrawn/ Number of Products covered
Implemented
Revoked measures in HS 6-digit
Algeria
Argentina 15 10 4 107 117
Armenia
Australia 6 8 7 69 68
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgium
Brazil 11 6 11 141 117
Bulgaria
Cambodia
Canada 6 20 115 112
Chile
China 20 7 125 73
Colombia 3 4 17 19
Costa Rica 1 1
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic 3 7
Egypt 11 4 22 39
El Salvador 1 2
8
European Union 10 11 1 109 215
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong, China
Iceland
India 29 49 66 197 478
Indonesia 1 29 34
Iran
Ireland
Israel 2 1 1
Italy
8. All anti-dumping actions notified by the European Union (EU) operate across the EU, i.e., in respect of EU member states, which do not notify individually.

204
Table 2.1.1. A
Actions faced as exporter

Final measures Final measures in effect Country/Territory
Investigations
Implemented
1 2 18 Algeria
2 1 8 21 Argentina
1 1 2 Armenia
1 2 6 42 Australia
2 1 3 27 Austria
1 2 Azerbaijan
1 2 5 Bahrain, Kingdom of
1 1 6 14 Bangladesh
5 12 21 Belarus
2 1 1 9 44 Belgium
1 1 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina
4 2 1 44 118 Brazil
2 3 Bulgaria

1 1 2 Cambodia
8 22 Canada
5 10 Chile
46 65 44 680 1085 China
1 1 3 28 Colombia
1 5 Costa Rica
1 1 4 Croatia
1 1 2 7 Czech Republic
1 3 6 Denmark
Dominican Republic
4 1 8 40 Egypt
El Salvador
4 4 4 35 156 European Union
5 9 Finland
3 2 11 41 France
2 1 1 Georgia
3 5 1 28 74 Germany
1 5 10 Greece
3 8 Hong Kong, China
1 1 1 Iceland
7 11 2 96 221 India
5 13 2 66 287 Indonesia
1 10 71 Iran
1 Ireland
1 2 2 5 Israel
1 4 1 21 78 Italy

205
Table 2.1.1. A

Investigations
Implemented
Japan 2 1 8 6
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Korea, Republic of 7 3 5 37 45
Kyrgyz Republic
Latvia
Lithuania
Malaysia 1 3 25 33
Mexico 4 6 1 79 93
Morocco 1 11 13
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand 2 1 5 2
Oman
Pakistan 9 5 5 55 59
Peru 2 2 6 43
Philippines 1 2 2
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation9 2 4 2 24 82
10
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 9 1 6 16
Serbia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa11 13 2 30 18
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Chinese Taipei 5 21 61
9. All anti-dumping actions notified by the Russian Federation operate across the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), i.e., also in respect of Armenia,
Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan, and Belarus (non-WTO Member). EAEU actions taken as importer are displayed under Russian Federation.
10. All anti-dumping actions notified by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) operate across the GCC, i.e., in respect of Kingdom of Bahrain; the State
of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, which do not notify individually. GCC actions taken as importer are
displayed under Saudi Arabia.
11. All anti-dumping actions notified by South Africa operate across the South African Customs Union (SACU), i.e., also in respect of Botswana,
Eswatini, Lesotho, and Namibia. SACU actions taken as importer are displayed under South Africa.

206
Table 2.1.1. A

Investigations
Implemented
3 3 5 65 162 Japan
1 1 Jordan
4 18 Kazakhstan
12 14 5 140 245 Korea, Republic of
1 Kuwait, the State of
1 1 Kyrgyz Republic
1 6 Latvia
1 1 1 Lithuania
6 15 6 54 275 Malaysia
4 2 27 45 Mexico
4 14 Moldova, Republic of
1 Morocco
1 8 Nepal

2 1 1 6 38 Netherlands
New Zealand
4 1 10 19 Oman
1 7 45 Pakistan
1 2 2 Peru
3 4 4 Philippines
2 5 17 Poland
3 10 Portugal
1 1 1 Qatar
1 7 29 Romania
10 7 6 54 135 Russian Federation
2 5 2 9 39 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
2 3 7 Serbia
2 1 2 14 38 Singapore
1 3 16 Slovak Republic
1 1 4 Slovenia
1 2 4 20 50 South Africa
3 5 21 56 Spain
1 1 3 3 Sri Lanka
6 13 Sweden
1 4 Switzerland
7 9 6 95 202 Chinese Taipei

207
Table 2.1.1. A

Investigations
Implemented
Thailand 3 12 55 69
Trinidad and Tobago 1
Tunisia
Türkiye 9 1 5 131 255
Ukraine 12 2 1 32 67
United Kingdom 1 2 28 97
United States of America 24 82 2 486 496
Viet Nam 5 9 25 42

208
Table 2.1.1. A

Investigations
Implemented
6 8 11 70 227 Thailand
1 2 5 Trinidad and Tobago
2 3 3 Tunisia
5 11 2 42 122 Türkiye
1 2 2 34 109 Ukraine
3 4 2 16 26 United Arab Emirates
2 33 5 37 212 United Kingdom
4 5 6 71 80 United States of America
2 14 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
8 10 4 59 218 Viet Nam

209
Table 2.1.2. A
nti-dumping final measures by product groups
in effect as of 31 December 2021
Same product groups as used in the country tables of Part II of this

Product group
publication; for a definition see the technical notes of Part II
Total number of measures Total number of final measures in the product group
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States as importers
Final measures
Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD – as importers:
in effect as of
G-20 (excluding Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
31 December 2021
QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
in the country
the United Kingdom
group as importer
Other Final measures of other importing countries
Final measures affecting Canada, EU, Japan or the United States

QUAD
as exporters
Final measures
in effect as of Final measures affecting G-20 members excluding QUAD – as exporters:
31 December 2021 G-20 (excluding Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
on the country QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
group as exporter the United Kingdom
Other Final measures affecting other exporting countries

210
Table 2.1.2. A
nti-dumping final measures by product groups
Final measures in effect as of Final measures in effect as of

31 December 2021 in the country group 31 December 2021 in the country group
Total as importer as exporter
Product Groups number of
measures G-20 G-20
QUAD (excluding Other QUAD (excluding Other
QUAD) QUAD)
Animal products 6 6 2 2 2
Dairy products
Fruits, vegetables, plants 24 11 7 6 1 10 13
Coffee, tea 1 1 1
Cereals and preparations 18 14 3 1 1 11 6
Oilseeds, fats and oils 7 1 6 3 2 2
Sugars and confectionery 9 7 2 1 4 4
Beverages and tobacco 2 1 1 2
Cotton

Other agricultural products 11 2 5 4 1 6 4
Fish and fish products 5 5 2 3
Minerals and metals 1007 459 375 173 58 615 334
Petroleum 2 1 1 2
Chemicals 466 112 305 49 85 259 122
Wood, paper, etc 107 50 43 14 10 64 33
Textiles 128 28 84 16 2 83 43
Clothing 5 5 2 3
Leather, footwear, etc 92 14 71 7 12 49 31
Non-electrical machinery 64 24 35 5 1 49 14
Electrical machinery 66 26 35 5 1 52 13
Transport equipment 36 12 24 33 3
Manufactures n.e.s. 56 13 38 5 5 47 4

211
Table 2.1.3. Anti-dumping final measures in effect as of 31 December 2021 –
ranked list of the 20 most frequently affected HS headings
These are product groups of the Harmonized System at

Product group/HS Heading description the HS 4-digit Heading level. They are ranked according
to the number of total final measures in effect.
Total number of measures Total number of final measures affecting products in a given HS Heading
Final measures
in effect as of
31 December 2021
in the country
the United Kingdom
group as importer

QUAD
as exporters
Final measures
against the country QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
Others Final measures affecting other exporting countries

212
Table 2.1.3. Anti-dumping final measures in effect as of 31 December 2021 –
Final measures Final measures in

in effect as of effect as of
Total 31 December 2021 in 31 December 2021
HS the country group as in the country group
number
Product group/HS heading description 4-digit importer as exporter
of
Code
measures G20 G20
QUAD) QUAD)
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width
7225 163 71 48 44 15 100 48
of ≥ 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width
7208 120 54 33 33 6 64 50
≥ 600 mm, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width
7226 118 66 27 25 11 74 33
of < 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width
≥ 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, clad, plated 7210 115 53 21 41 10 72 33
or coated
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of
< 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, not clad, 7211 104 50 16 38 8 60 36
plated or coated
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles “e.g., open seam or welded,
riveted or similarly closed”, of iron or steel (excl. of cast iron,
7306 96 70 17 9 56 40
seamless tubes and pipes and tubes having internal and external

circular cross-sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm)
< 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, clad, plated 7212 88 50 16 22 5 59 24
or coated
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of iron or steel
7304 64 38 22 4 5 38 21
(excl. products of cast iron)
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than
forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but incl. those 7214 63 45 5 13 3 31 29
twisted after rolling (excl. in irregularly wound coils)
Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, hot-rolled, in irregularly
7213 61 39 11 11 2 29 30
wound coils
Other bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless, angles,
shapes and sections of alloy steel other than stainless, n.e.s.; 7228 59 28 18 13 4 31 24
hollow drill bars and rods, of alloy or non-alloy steel
Bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless, hot-rolled, in
7227 55 36 10 9 2 26 27
irregularly wound coils
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber 4011 45 7 35 3 1 25 19
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of ≥ 600 mm,
7219 45 15 13 17 6 24 15
hot‑rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”
7209 42 11 13 18 5 26 11
≥ 600 mm, cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, not clad, plated or coated
Tube or pipe fittings “e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves”, of iron
7307 42 31 11 1 27 14
or steel
Plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of non-cellular plastics, not
reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other
materials, without backing, unworked or merely surface-worked 3920 40 8 28 4 19 21
or merely cut into squares or rectangles (excl. self-adhesive
products, and floor, wall and ceiling coverings of heading 3918)
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, cold-formed or cold-
finished, whether or not further worked, or hot-formed and further 7215 40 37 2 1 4 20 16
worked, n.e.s.
Stranded wire, ropes, cables, plaited bands, slings and the like,
of iron or steel (excl. electrically insulated products and twisted 7312 40 24 11 5 1 23 16
fencing wire and barbed wire)
Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of < 600 mm,
7220 38 15 12 11 5 20 13
hot‑rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”

213
2.2. Countervailing measures
Dumping and subsidies — together Dumping is an action by a company. product coverage in terms of HS-6
with anti-dumping (AD) measures With subsidies, it is the government or digit codes. It also lists by country how
and countervailing duties (CVD) — a government agency that acts, either many new investigations have been
share a number of similarities. The by paying out subsidies directly or initiated, how many final measures
reaction to dumping and subsidies is by requiring companies to subsidize have been put into effect and how
often a special offsetting import tax certain customers. Countervailing duty many measures were withdrawn.
(countervailing duty in the case of a (the parallel of anti-dumping duty) can
only be charged after the importing Tables 2.2.2 and 2.2.3 show more
subsidy). This is charged on products
country has conducted a detailed specifically which product groups
from specific countries and therefore it
investigation similar to that required have been subject to final CVD
breaks the GATT principles of binding
for anti-dumping action.12 Data on measures.14 In Table 2.2.2 the product
a tariff and treating trading partners
countervailing (CVD) measures drawn categories follow the groupings
equally (MFN). The agreements provide
from WTO members’ notifications used in this publication in Part A.2
an escape clause, but they both also
are available in the Integrated Trade of the tariff profiles whereas in
say that before imposing a duty, the
Intelligence Portal and are the Table 2.2.3 more detailed HS 4-digit
importing country must conduct a
basis for the data shown here.13 headings are used to show in detail
detailed investigation that shows that
which products are most frequently
domestic industry is hurt. But there Table 2.2.1 gives an overview of the
subject to final CVD measures.15
are also fundamental differences, and (stock of) measures in effect as of
these are reflected in the agreements. 31 December 2021. It indicates the
12. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/scm_e/scm_e.htm
14. Please note that the sum of measures in Table 2.2.2 is higher than the sum of measures in Table 2.2.1. This is due to the fact that a number of
individual measures cover products which fall in more than one product group. Therefore a single measure may be listed more than once in Table
2.2.2 as well as in Table 2.2.3.

214
Table 2.2.1. C
ountervailing measures in effect in 2021
Country/Territory Name of importing/exporting country/territory
Number of investigations initiated

by the country as importer in 2021
From
1 January to
Number of final measures implemented by
the country as importer in 2021
2021
Final
measures
Actions
Withdrawn/ Number of final measures withdrawn or revoked
taken as
Revoked by the country as importer in 2021
importer

measures imported by the country as of 31 December 2021
As of Final
Products
covered

or partially) by products on which final measures by the
(Number of
importing country were in force as of 31 December 2021
HS 6‑digit)
Number of investigations initiated on products

exported by the country in 2021
From
1 January to Number of final measures implemented on
products exported by the country in 2021
2021
Final
measures
Actions
Withdrawn/ Number of final measures on products exported
faced as
Revoked by the country withdrawn or revoked in 2021
exporter

measures exported by the country as of 31 December 2021
As of Final
Products
covered
or partially) by products on which the country as exporter
(Number of
is subject to final measures as of 31 December 2021
HS 6‑digit)
Note:
All members submitting semi-annual reports of countervailing duty actions are listed individually. Where listed members take action on
a customs‑union‑wide basis, the figures on numbers of actions are shown for the WTO member in which the investigating authority is physically
located. As indicated below, to avoid multiple-counting, the rows for the other reporting customs union members are left blank.

215
Table 2.2.1. Countervailing measures in 2021

From 1 January to 31 December 2021 As of 31 December 2021
Investigations
Implemented
Argentina
Australia 1 2 13 23
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Brazil 2 3 33
Canada 1 4 33 95
China 1 7 7
Colombia 1 1
Egypt
European Union16 3 1 19 58
Germany
India 2 1 12 39
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
Kazakhstan
Korea, Republic of
Malaysia
Mexico 3 2
Morocco
Oman
Peru 1 2 2
Russian Federation
South Africa
Spain
Chinese Taipei 5 52
Thailand
Trinidad and Tobago
Türkiye 1 3
Ukraine 1
United Kingdom 12 43
United States of America 11 30 170 344
Viet Nam 1 1 5
16. All countervailing duty actions notified by the European Union (EU) operate across the EU, i.e., in respect of EU member states, which do not
notify individually.

216
Table 2.2.1. Countervailing measures in 2021

From 1 January to 31 December 2021 As of 31 December 2021
Investigations
Implemented
4 6 Argentina
1 2 Australia
1 1 4 Bahrain, Kingdom of
4 56 Brazil
2 10 Canada
7 16 1 141 329 China
Colombia
3 7 Egypt
2 4 European Union
1 1 6 Germany
3 4 44 162 India

2 9 58 Indonesia
2 1 Iran
1 4 34 Italy
1 1 1 Kazakhstan
1 1 9 92 Korea, Republic of
1 3 5 19 Malaysia
1 2 8 Mexico
1 1 7 Morocco
1 1 2 Oman
Peru
3 2 1 2 12 Russian Federation
1 7 South Africa
1 1 Spain
1 6 Chinese Taipei
1 3 37 Thailand
1 Trinidad and Tobago
3 17 60 Türkiye
Ukraine
2 2 4 United Kingdom
1 7 8 United States of America
2 11 43 Viet Nam

217
Table 2.2.2. Countervailing final measures by product groups
Same product groups as used in the country tables of Part II of this

Product group
publication; for a definition see the technical notes of Part II
Final measures
in effect as of
31 December 2021
in the country
the United Kingdom
group as importer

QUAD
as exporters
Final measures
on the country QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
Other Final measures affecting other exporting countries

218
Table 2.2.2. Countervailing final measures by product groups
Final measures in effect as of Final measures in effect as of

31 December 2021 in the country group 31 December 2021 in the country group
Total as importer as exporter
Product Groups number of
measures G-20 G-20
QUAD) QUAD)
Animal products
Dairy products
Fruits, vegetables, plants 3 3 3
Coffee, tea
Cereals and preparations 6 3 3 1 4 1
Oilseeds, fats and oils 6 3 3 2 4
Sugars and confectionery 4 3 1 1 2 1
Beverages and tobacco 1 1 1
Cotton
Other agricultural products 1 1 1

Fish and fish products 2 1 1 2
Minerals and metals 165 134 26 5 1 139 25
Petroleum 6 3 3 2 4
Chemicals 47 30 15 2 5 39 3
Wood, paper, etc 21 20 1 1 19 1
Textiles 17 14 3 13 4
Clothing
Leather, footwear, etc 9 7 2 8 1
Non-electrical machinery 13 13 11 2
Electrical machinery 15 14 1 1 12 2
Transport equipment 8 7 1 8
Manufactures n.e.s. 5 5 4 1

219
Table 2.2.3. Countervailing final measures in effect as of 31 December 2021 –
These are product groups of the Harmonized System

Product group/HS heading description at the HS 4-digit Heading level. They are ranked according
to the number of total final measures in effect.
Total number of measures Total number of final measures affecting products in a given HS Heading
Final measures
in effect as of
G-20 Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
31 December 2021
(excluding QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
in the country
the United Kingdom
group as importer

QUAD
as exporters
Final measures
31 December 2021 G-20 Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea,
against the country (excluding QUAD) Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
Others Final measures affecting other exporting countries

220
Table 2.2.3. Countervailing final measures in effect as of 31 December 2021 –
Final measures Final measures in

in effect as of effect as of
31 December 2021 in 31 December 2021
Total
HS the country group as in the country group
number
Product group/HS heading description 4-digit importer as exporter
of
Code
measures G20 G20
QUAD) QUAD)
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width of

7225 34 27 2 5 30 4
≥ 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width of
7226 29 23 1 5 26 3
< 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width ≥ 600 mm,
7210 26 20 3 3 24 2
hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, clad, plated or coated
< 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, clad, plated 7212 26 20 3 3 24 2
or coated
< 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, not clad, 7211 22 19 3 20 2
plated or coated
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles “e.g., open seam or welded,
riveted or similarly closed”, of iron or steel (excl. of cast iron,
7306 22 18 4 21 1

seamless tubes and pipes and tubes having internal and external
circular cross-sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm)
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width ≥ 600 mm,
7208 15 12 1 2 14 1
hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, cold-formed or cold-
finished, whether or not further worked, or hot-formed and further 7215 13 13 12 1
worked, n.e.s.
Other bars and rods of alloy steel other than stainless, angles,
shapes and sections of alloy steel other than stainless, n.e.s.; 7228 13 13 12 1
hollow drill bars and rods, of alloy or non-alloy steel
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of iron or steel (excl.
7304 11 11 11
products of cast iron)
Structures and parts of structures “e.g., bridges and bridge-
sections, lock-gates, towers, lattice masts, roofs, roofing
frameworks, doors and windows and their frames and thresholds
for doors, shutters, balustrades, pillars and columns”, of iron or 7308 11 11 1 8 2
steel; plates, rods, angles, shapes, sections, tubes and the like,
prepared for use in structures, of iron or steel (excl. prefabricated
buildings of heading 9406)
Wire of alloy steel other than stainless, in coils (excl. bars and rods) 7229 10 10 9 1
Tubes and pipes, having circular cross-sections and an external
diameter of > 406,4 mm, of flat-rolled products of iron or steel 7305 10 10 10
“e.g., welded, riveted or similarly closed”
Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excl. cast articles) 7326 10 9 1 7 3
Prepared binders for foundry moulds or cores; chemical products
and preparations for the chemical or allied industries, incl. mixtures 3824 9 5 4 3 6
of natural products, n.e.s.
New pneumatic tyres, of rubber 4011 8 6 1 1 7 1
7209 8 7 1 7 1
≥ 600 mm, cold-rolled “cold-reduced”, not clad, plated or coated
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than
forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but incl. those 7214 8 8 8
twisted after rolling (excl. in irregularly wound coils)
Wire of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils (excl. bars and rods) 7217 8 8 7 1
Biodiesel and mixtures thereof, not containing or containing
< 70% by weight of petroleum oils or oils obtained from 3826 7 4 3 7
bituminous minerals

221
2.3. Safeguards
A WTO member may restrict imports of if there were 5 countries exporting a Table 2.3.1 gives an overview of the
a product temporarily (take “safeguard” specific product into a country, and (stock of) measures in effect as of
actions) if its domestic industry is that country imposed a safeguard 31 December 2021. It indicates the
injured or threatened with injury caused measure on this product, this safeguard product coverage in terms of HS-6
by a surge in imports. Here, the injury measure affects five countries, In this digit codes. It also lists by country
has to be serious. An import “surge” sense, care should be taken when how many new investigations have
justifying safeguard action can be a comparing the number of measures in, been initiated and how many final
real increase in imports (an absolute for example anti-dumping, where one measures have been put into effect.
increase); or it can be an increase in anti-dumping measure affects only one
the imports’ share of a shrinking market, exporting country. The WTO agreement Tables 2.3.2 and 2.3.3 show more
even if the import quantity has not sets out requirements for safeguard specifically which product groups
increased (relative increase). Industries investigations by national authorities. have been subject to final Safeguard
or companies may request safeguard The emphasis is on transparency measures.19 In table 2.3.2 the product
action by their government. After a and on following established rules categories follow the groupings used
proper investigation, a government and practices — avoiding arbitrary in this publication in Part A.2 of the
can, if the necessary conditions as methods.17 Data on safeguard tariff profiles whereas in table 2.3.3
above are met, restrict imports of actions drawn from WTO members’ more detailed HS chapters are used
the product from all sources (but not notifications are available in the to show in detail which particular
from a specific member or group of Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal and products are most frequently subject
members). This means that, for example, are the basis for the data shown here.18 to final safeguard measures.20
Table 2.3.1. Safeguard measures in effect in 2021
Country/Territory Name of country/territory
Investigations initiated Number of investigations initiated by the country in 2021

From 1
January to
31 December
2021
Final measures imposed Number of final measures imposed by the country in 2021
Final measures Number of Number of final measures in effect on products

in effect measures imported by the country as of 31 December 2021
As of
31 December
2021
Products covered Number of distinct HS 6-digit subheadings covered (fully
(Number or partially) by products on which final measures by the
of HS 6‑digit) importing country were in force as of 31 December 2021
17. See also http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/agrm8_e.htm#safeguards

19. Please note that the sum of measures in Table 2.3.2 is higher than the sum of measures in Table 2.3.1. This is due to the fact that a number
of individual measures cover products which fall in more than one product group. Therefore a single measure may be listed more than once in
Table 2.3.2 as well as in Table 2.3.3.

222
Table 2.3.1. Safeguard measures in effect in 2021

Final measures in effect
Country/Territory Investigations Final measures
initiated imposed Number of Products covered
measures in HS 6-digit
Costa Rica 1 1
Egypt 1 2 16
European Union 1 109

21
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 1 1
Indonesia 1 5 12 274
Madagascar 3 11
Morocco 1 1 6 73
Philippines 1 2
South Africa 1 4 23
Tunisia 1
Türkiye 1 1 5 11
Ukraine 3 1 4 5

United Kingdom 1 1 109
United States of America 2 7
Viet Nam 2 16
21. Gulf Cooperation Council member states include Kingdom of Bahrain; the State of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
and the United Arab Emirates.

223
Table 2.3.2. Safeguard final measures by product groups
Same product groups as used in the country tables of Part II of this publication;
Product group
for a definition see the technical notes of Part II
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States
Final measures
Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD: Argentina, Australia,
in effect as of G-20 (excluding
Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russian
31 December 2021 QUAD)
Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and the United Kingdom
in the country group
Other Final measures of other countries/territories

224
Table 2.3.2. S
afeguard final measures by product groups
Final measures in effect as of 31 December 2021

Total number of in the country group
Product Groups
measures G-20 (excluding
QUAD Other
QUAD)
Animal products
Dairy products
Fruits, vegetables, plants 1 1
Coffee, tea
Cereals and preparations 1 1
Oilseeds, fats and oils
Sugars and confectionery 2 1 1
Beverages and tobacco
Cotton
Other agricultural products
Fish and fish products

Minerals and metals 19 1 8 10
Petroleum
Chemicals 7 4 3
Wood, paper, etc 3 2 1
Textiles 8 6 2
Clothing 1 1
Leather, footwear, etc
Non-electrical machinery 2 1 1
Electrical machinery 1 1
Transport equipment
Manufactures n.e.s. 1 1

225
Table 2.3.3. S
afeguard final measures in effect as of 31 December 2021 –
ranked list of the 20 most frequently affected HS chapters
These are product groups of the Harmonized System at the HS chapter level.
Product group/HS chapter
They are ranked according to the number of total final measures in effect.
Total number of measures Total number of final measures affecting products in a given HS chapter
QUAD Final measures of Canada, EU, Japan or the United States
Final measures Final measures of G-20 members excluding QUAD: Argentina,

in effect as of G-20 (excluding Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Mexico,
31 December 2021 QUAD) Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye and
in the country group the United Kingdom
Other Final measures of other countries or territories

226
Table 2.3.3. S
afeguard final measures in effect as of 31 December 2021 –
ranked list of the 20 most frequently affected HS chapters
Final measures in effect as of

31 December 2021 in the country group
Total number
Product group/HS chapter HS Chapter G-20
of measures
QUAD (excluding Other
QUAD)
Iron and steel 72 9 1 3 5
Articles of iron or steel 73 7 1 4 2
Plastics and articles thereof 39 4 2 2
Man-made staple fibres 55 3 3
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and

84 2 1 1
mechanical appliances; parts thereof
Aluminium and articles thereof 76 2 1 1
Other made-up textile articles; sets; worn clothing

63 2 1 1
and worn textile articles; rags
Man-made filaments; strip and the like of

54 2 2
man‑made textile materials
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp,

48 2 2
of paper or of paperboard

Miscellaneous chemical products 38 2 2
Sugars and sugar confectionery 17 2 1 1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles 96 1 1
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts

thereof; sound recorders and reproducers,
television image and sound recorders and 85 1 1
reproducers, and parts and accessories of
such articles
Ceramic products 69 1 1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

62 1 1
not knitted or crocheted
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

61 1 1
knitted or crocheted
Knitted or crocheted fabrics 60 1 1
Special woven fabrics; tufted textile fabrics; lace;

58 1 1
tapestries; trimmings; embroidery
Carpets and other textile floor coverings 57 1 1
Cotton 52 1 1

227
IV. Special topics
228
1. Preferential rules of origin in international trade
1.2. New comprehensive database of rules of origin 230
1.3. Preferential origin criteria 231
1.4. Origin and certification provisions 233
1.5. Conclusions 234
Annex 235
2. Non-tariff measures on “green” and “brown” energy products
2.2 Use of NTMs in “green” and “brown” energy products 239
2.3. Results and policy conclusions 239
2.4. References 244
Annex 245
229
1. Preferential rules of origin in international trade
1.1. Introduction
Over the last two decades, there has medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), Business responses showed that
been a proliferation in the number of do not take advantage of preferential the complexity of rules of origin
preferential trade agreements (PTAs),1 tariffs. This is for a number of reasons: leads to procedural obstacles that
with the number in force exceeding 1) lack of information and arise during their implementation.
500 as of 2022.2 Governments view awareness among companies Rules of origin are needed to
them as a channel to foster economic about existing trade agreements; attribute one country of origin to
integration and to promote regional
2) inability to check whether each product. They are the criteria
value chains. A key objective of these
the product is covered by used to define where a product
agreements is to reduce tariff and
preferential tariffs and what was made and are important for
non-tariff barriers imposed on exports
origin criteria apply; implementing preferential tariffs.
from other parties to the agreement.
3) lack of knowledge of the Section II provides an overview of the
In the case of preferential trade accompanying origin provisions; new data initiative jointly undertaken by
arrangements, governments
4) lack of knowledge or the International Trade Centre (ITC) in
grant preferential tariffs to least
inability to comply with collaboration with the World Customs
developed and developing countries
certification provisions. Organization (WCO) and the WTO
on a non-reciprocal basis to help
to enhance transparency on product-
these countries achieve economic ITC business surveys on non-tariff
specific rules of origin. Sections III
development through trade. measures conducted in 38 developing
and IV elaborate on data collection
countries3 found rules of origin among
Savings as a result of preferential tariffs methodology and provide statistical
the top trade obstacles highlighted
is one of the most direct and tangible insights from the constructed database.
by manufacturing businesses,
benefits from PTAs. However, many Section V provides conclusions.
along with conformity assessments.
traders, particularly micro, small and
1.2. New comprehensive database of rules of origin
Consistent with its mission of coverage includes rules of origin including legal documentation such
increasing transparency in trade, ITC in preferential schemes for imports as specimen of certificates of origin.
has collaborated with the WCO and originating in least developed
Consultations are underway to expand
the WTO to build a comprehensive countries based on the notifications
the Rules of Origin Facilitator database
database on rules of origin for all active received by the WTO Secretariat.
to non-preferential rules of origin,
trade agreements in the world. This
The database and online application which are related to MFN treatment,
initiative has resulted in a database
address information gaps and application of trade remedies,
accessible via a free online tool,
challenges of using preferential tariffs. tariff rate quotas, government
the Rules of Origin Facilitator.4 As
The Rules of Origin Facilitator allows procurement, labeling and marking,
of June 2022, the database covers
users to identify available preferential and other non-tariff measures such
product-specific rules of origin in
programmes and preferential margins, as embargoes and sanitary and
484 trade agreements,5 mapped
the product-specific origin criterion, phytosanitary (SPS) measures.
with the preferential tariff rates. The
and origin and certification provisions,
1 Throughout this chapter, ‘preferential trade agreements’ and ‘trade agreements’ are used to denote all regional trade agreements, such as the EU-
Japan and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and non-reciprocal preferential trade arrangements, such as the Generalized
Systems of Preferences (GSP).
2 Based on the database of trade agreements available at http://findrulesoforigin.org/home/agreements accessed on 1 June 2022.
3 For details on each survey, see https://ntmsurvey.org.
4 Accessible for free and without registration at http://findrulesoforigin.org.
5 List of PTAs for which rules of origin are already available in the tool can be viewed in Agreement list after toggling on “RoO available”, http://
findrulesoforigin.org/home/agreements

230
1.3. Preferential origin criteria
Preferential origin criteria define at are in line with Standard 2 in Annex that hosts the substantial processing
which point the product acquires K of the RKC. According to this that gives it an essential character.
the origin of the country where it standard, goods ‘wholly produced
There are several ways to identify
undergoes the last economically in a given country’ will be covered in
the fulfillment of the ‘substantial
significant processing. These rules are exhaustive lists. However, in the case
transformation’ criterion. These include
subject to negotiation by PTA parties. of ‘substantial transformation’ criterion,
rules that are based on: (i) the change
They can differ from one product to ‘origin is determined by regarding as
in tariff classification, (ii) the ad valorem
another and take various forms. the country of origin the country where
percentage, or (iii) the list of specific
the last substantial manufacturing
The Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC) manufacturing or processing
or processing, deemed sufficient
of the WCO defines two main criteria operations. These three methods are
to give a commodity its essential
of origin determination: the ‘wholly interchangeable, with each having
character, has been carried out.’6 In
obtained or produced’ criterion and the certain positive and negative sides from
other words, if a product is made up
‘substantial transformation’ criterion. a business perspective. They can be
of inputs from several countries, it
applied separately or in combination.
With occasional deviations, origin obtains originating status in the country
criteria in most trade agreements
Figure 1. Classification process of 56,082 product-specific origin criteria

in 484 PTAs
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
Note: See table 2 for description.
6 Paragraph E3./F1, Chapter 1, Annex K of the RKC.

231
Table 1. Substantially identical origin criteria for decorative plastic flowers
(HS 6702.10) formulated differently in selected PTAs
Product EU-Canada SADC EFTA-Mexico China-Korea Trans-Pacific
(2017) (2001) (2001) (2015) Strategic Economic
Partnership (2006)
HS 6702.10 A change from Manufacture from Manufacture in which all the CTH A change to heading 67.01
any other heading. materials of any materials used are classified through 67.04 from any other
heading except within a heading other heading, including another
that of the product than that of the product heading within that group.
Coded criterion CTH CTH CTH CTH CTH
Table 2: Basic types of origin criteria identified in product-specific rules of origin

Presence Rule Definition
6% WO Good is entirely (i.e. wholly) obtained or manufactured in one country without using any non-originating materials.
6% CC The originating status is conferred to a good that is classified in a different HS chapter
than the non-originating inputs.
43% CTH The originating status is conferred to a good that is classified in a different HS heading
6% CTSH The originating status is conferred to a good that is classified in a different HS subheading
0% CTI The originating status is conferred to a good that is classified in a different HS tariff item
2% NC The non-originating inputs are not required to be classified in a different HS code than the final good
to confer originating status.
6% ALW The originating status is allowed to be conferred from non-originating inputs of specific HS codes.
6% ECT The originating status cannot be conferred to a good if the non-originating inputs are from HS codes listed
under exception.
7.5% SP A good originates in the country where a defined technical requirement, i.e. a specified working or processing,
has taken place.
50% RVC A good obtains originating status if a defined regional value content percentage has been reached.
0.2% RQC A good obtains originating status if a defined regional quantity content percentage has been reached.
1.5% RVP A good obtains originating status if a defined regional value content percentage on a part or parts
has been reached.
0.3% RQP A good obtains originating status if a defined regional quantity content percentage on a part or parts
has been reached.
14% Other Origin criteria other than related to wholly obtained, CTC, value (quantity) content, or specified process.
Note: “Presence” means % of presence of the type in origin criteria across all 3 million (PTA x HS6) combinations (as of June 2022).
Table 3. A combination-type origin criterion in USMCA

Origin criterion for high-power industrial vacuum cleaners classified in HS 8508.19 Coded criterion
A change to any other good of subheading 8508.19 from any other heading, except from heading 84.79; or (CTH + ECT) or (CTH
a change to any other good of subheading 8508.19 from subheading 8508.70, whether or not there is also a + ALW + ECT and
change from any other heading, except from heading 84.79, provided there is a regional value content of not RVC 60/50%)
less than: (a) 60 percent where the transaction value method is used; or (b) 50 percent where the net cost
method is used.

232
The complexity of product-specific method helps reduce more than 56,000 four types of origin requirements:
origin criteria stems from a number of textually distinct origin criteria found CTH, ALW, ECT and RVC.
factors. First, the criteria can be laid in 484 PTAs into 1,800 standardized,
Origin criteria are further complicated
out in different formats. From spanning coded criteria formed as a combination
by footnotes, chapter notes and
several pages, as in the Malaysia- of 14 basic types (see Figure 1).
introductory notes. For example,
Pakistan CEPA (2008), to hundreds
Table 2 presents the statistics on the the origin criterion in Table 3 is
of pages, as in the Australia‑Indonesia
most used types of criteria globally: supplemented by five chapter
CEPA (2019). In some PTAs, a
Regional value content (RVC - notes and the USMCA general
general criterion is applied for all
covering 50% of ROO) and Change interpretative note to the annex on
products, as in ECOWAS (1993).
in tariff heading (CTH – 43%). product-specific rules of origin.7
Second, they can be found in the main
The standardized notation offers a One benefit of a complex origin
text of the agreement or in annexes or
number of benefits: it cuts through criterion, as in Table 3, is that it can
in a separate protocol. In the case of
language barriers (many PTA texts are offer valuable information on input-
non-reciprocal arrangements, they are
not in English), is useful for conducting output which informs quantitative
typically found in national legislation.
economic studies, provides a self- supply chain studies. From the text of
Third, the formulations on rules of assessment tool guiding MSMEs on the rule, it can be deduced that there is
origin are not harmonized (see Table 1). how to qualify for the origin criterion, a possible way to transform mechanical
Finally, there is a wide variety of origin and facilitates capacity building efforts. appliances with individual functions
criteria discussed in more detail below. and their parts (HS 84.79) into
As an illustration of a combination
vacuum cleaners. Also, it is revealed
Origin criteria have been analyzed of the types listed above, the origin
that goods classified in HS 8508.70
and codified into 14 basic types. Any criterion for high-power industrial
are used as inputs for vacuum
origin criterion can be represented as vacuum cleaners classified in HS
cleaners. HS code 8508.70 indeed
one of these types or a combination of 8508.19 under the US-Mexico-
describes parts of vacuum cleaners.
these types. Classification of product- Canada Agreement (USMCA)
specific rules of origin based on this of 2020 (see Table 3) combines
1.4. O
rigin and certification provisions
Product-specific rules of origin cannot • Value-added calculation • Competent authority

be applied in isolation from general • Indirect materials • Period of validity
origin provisions, which are typically
• Direct transport • Retention period
found in the chapter on rules of origin
of the main text of the agreement. • Principle of territoriality • Refund of excess duties/
Relying on the Comparative Study • Packaging retroactive issuance
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
on Preferential Rules of Origin of • Fungible materials • Supporting documents
the WCO8 as the methodological • Third party invoicing
• Sets
basis, information on the following
• Exhibitions • Verifications
16 regime-wide origin provisions9
has been extracted and coded:10 • Penalties
In addition to origin provisions, trade
• Cumulation agreements contain a number of • Advance rulings
• De minimis provisions related to certification of • Minor errors
origin. Based on WCO’s Comparative • Appeals
• Roll up
Study and origin literature, the following
• Duty drawback 14 provisions are extracted and The dataset of origin and certification
• Outward processing coded for each trade agreement: provisions in 484 PTAs reveals signs of
divergence. As an illustration, the value
• Accessories, spare parts and tools • Certification
for de minimis provision11 ranges from
• Wholly obtained products • Exemption of certification 5% to 20% (see Table A1 in the Annex).
• Non-qualifying operations • Approved exporter The most common value is 10% which
7 The additional notes and input lists are captured in the Rules of Origin Facilitator database and are offered to the user as part of the core functionality
of the tool.
8 The latest version, for 2020, can be found at http://www.wcoomd.org/en/media/newsroom/2020/june/wco-publishes-updated-version-of-the-
comparative-study-on-certification-of-origin.aspx.
9 Definition of each provision can be found at https://findrulesoforigin.org/home/help.
10 Texts of relevant articles have been mapped with key provisions and are available for display as part of the database.
11 De minimis is a provision commonly found in rules of origin. It aims to add certain flexibility to the main origin criteria by allowing a tolerance on
non-originating materials not fulfilling the origin criteria. For more details, see https://findrulesoforigin.org/en/glossary?id=XkZ1hBMAACIAuZp-
&returnto=gloscenter.

233
Figure 2. Classification map of general origin and certification provisions
in the Rules of Origin Facilitator
occurs in almost half of PTAs (223). thresholds (weight for textiles, value criteria, which are typically not covered
A third of PTAs (172) do not include for other goods) or separate non- by de minimis provisions. These extra
de minimis provision in their texts. percentage de minimis rules for certain layers of complexity pose challenges
types of goods, typically textiles. for cross-cutting restrictiveness
A higher value of de minimis in general
In several PTAs, certain goods are analyses of rules of origin.
is considered trade facilitating.
excluded from de minimis provision.
However, the provision has an extra A map of general origin and certification
Finally, some of the 172 PTAs that
layer of complexity in many PTAs by provisions is presented in Figure 2.
do not include de minimis provision
having various bases for de minimis
rely solely on ad valorem percentage
1.5. Conclusions
As an area of rule-making that is highly crucial data insights into different The insights from the new database
technical and complex, preferential rules aspects of preferential rules of origin. It are particularly useful for policy-makers
of origin are among the main factors permits more specific categorization of and researchers. They are useful
hindering the utilization of preferential origin criteria and offers more precise inputs for policy discussions when it
tariffs under trade agreements. statistics about the frequency of each comes to the design of rules of origin
The Rules of Origin Facilitator category. In addition, it documents in PTA negotiations. They are also
provides direct benefits to MSMEs for the first time origin provisions in expected to support economic studies
by enhancing their understanding over 484 agreements. This helps to aiming to explain under-utilization of
and application of rules of origin. illustrate their distribution and to extract, preferential tariffs and to estimate the
where applicable, the key attributes. restrictiveness of rules of origin.
Delving into the global database of
product-specific rules of origin provides

234
Annex
Table A1. De minimis values in origin provisions of 484 PTAs
De minimis value Number PTAs

of PTAs
included (20%) 3 FTA, EFTA-Hong Kong; FTA, EFTA-Indonesia; FTA, EFTA-Philippines
included (15%) 35 AAP.CE 42: Chile-Cuba; AAP.CE 47: Bolivia-Cuba; Cotonou Agreement; Cuba-
Nicaragua; EPA, Cariforum-EU; EPA, EAC-EU (Interim Agreement); EPA, ESA-
EU; EPA, ESA-UK; EPA, EU-CAEMC & São Tomé and Príncipe; EPA, EU-Pacific
Islands; EPA, EU-SADC; EPA, UK-CARIFORUM; EPA, UK-Cameroon; EPA,
UK-Ghana; EPA, UK-Kenya; EPA, UK-Pacific States (Interim); EPA, UK-SACUM;
EU for GSP Countries; EU for GSP+ Countries; EU for LDCs; EU-Overseas
Countries and Territories; FTA, EFTA-SACU; FTA, Mauritius-Turkey; Norway
for GSP countries; Norway for GSP countries-Botswana/Namibia; Norway
for LDCs; Regional group, EAC; Regional group, SADC; Switzerland for GSP
Countries; Switzerland for LDCs; Turkey for GSP countries; Turkey for LDCs; UK
for GSP Countries; UK for GSP Countries (Enhanced Framework); UK for LDCs
chapter-specific (10-15%) 1 EU-UK TCA
included (10% (for EU) and 1 EPA, ECOWAS & Mauritania-EU
15% (for West Africa))
included (15% (Ecuador)/10% (Cuba)) 1 AAP.CE 46: Cuba-Ecuador
included (15% for Cote d’Ivoire/ 1 EPA, UK-Cote dIvoire
10% for UK)
included (15% for Ecuador/ 1 AAP.CE 65: Chile-Ecuador
10% for Chile)
chapter-specific 9 EPA, Brunei-Japan; EPA, Chile-Japan; EPA, Indonesia-Japan; EPA, Japan-
Malaysia; EPA, Japan-Mongolia; EPA, Japan-Philippines; EPA, Japan-Singapore;
EPA, Japan-Thailand; United States Special Trade Preferences for Nepal
included (10% for textiles) 1 Japan for GSP countries
included (10%) 233 AANZFTA; AAP.CE 24: Chile-Colombia; AAP.CE 49: Colombia-Cuba; AAP.CE
51: Cuba-Mexico; AAP.CE 67: Mexico-Peru; Algeria-Tunisia; CECA, ASEAN-
Korea; CECA, India-Malaysia; CECA, India-Singapore; CEP, Hong Kong-New
Zealand; CEPA, Australia-Indonesia; CEPA, India-Korea; CEPA, Indonesia-
Korea; CEPA, Japan-UK; CEPA, New Zealand-Singapore; CER, Australia-
New Zealand; CPTPP; CU, EU-Andorra; Cuba-El Salvador; Cuba-Vietnam;
DCFTA, EU-Georgia; DCFTA, EU-Moldova; DCFTA, EU-Ukraine; Dominican
Republic-Panama; ECA, Belize-Chinese Taipei; EFTA-Costa Rica (CACM);
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
EFTA-Panama (CACM); EHP, Peru-Thailand; EPA, China-Hong Kong; EPA,
Japan-Mexico; EPA, Japan-Peru; EPA, UK-Cameroon; EU-Turkey (agriculture);
EU-Turkey (coal and steel); Egypt-Palestine; European Economic Area; FTA,
ASEAN-China; FTA, ASEAN-Hong Kong; FTA, Agadir; FTA, Australia-Chile;
FTA, Australia-China; FTA, Australia-Hong Kong; FTA, Australia-Japan; FTA,
Australia-Korea; FTA, Australia-Malaysia; FTA, Australia-Peru; FTA, Australia-
Singapore; FTA, Australia-Thailand; FTA, Australia-UK; FTA, Australia-United
States; FTA, Bahrain-Jordan; FTA, Bosnia and Herzegovina-Turkey; FTA, CACM
& Panama-EU; FTA, CACM-Mexico; FTA, CACM-Panama; FTA, CAN-EU;
FTA, Canada-Colombia; FTA, Canada-Costa Rica; FTA, Canada-Honduras;
FTA, Canada-Israel; FTA, Canada-Jordan; FTA, Canada-Korea; FTA, Canada-
Panama; FTA, Canada-Peru; FTA, Canada-Ukraine; FTA, Chile-Hong Kong; FTA,
Chile-Indonesia; FTA, Chile-Malaysia; FTA, Chile-Panama; FTA, Chile-Thailand;
FTA, Chile-Turkey; FTA, Chile-United States; FTA, Chile-Viet Nam; FTA, China-
Costa Rica; FTA, China-Georgia; FTA, China-Iceland; FTA, China-Korea; FTA,
China-Maldives; FTA, China-Mauritius; FTA, China-New Zealand; FTA, China-
Peru; FTA, China-Singapore; FTA, China-Switzerland; FTA, Chinese Taipei-El
Salvador and Honduras; FTA, Chinese Taipei-Guatemala; FTA, Chinese Taipei-
New Zealand; FTA, Chinese Taipei-Nicaragua; FTA, Chinese Taipei-Panama;
FTA, Chinese Taipei-Singapore; FTA, Colombia-Costa Rica; FTA, Colombia-
Israel; FTA, Colombia-Korea; FTA, Colombia-United States; FTA, Costa Rica-
Peru; FTA, Costa Rica-Singapore; FTA, EAEU-Singapore; FTA, EEU-Vietnam;
FTA, EFTA-Albania; FTA, EFTA-Bosnia and Herzegovina; FTA, EFTA-Canada;
FTA, EFTA-Chile; FTA, EFTA-Colombia; FTA, EFTA-Egypt; FTA, EFTA-GCC;
FTA, EFTA-Georgia; FTA, EFTA-Guatemala (CACM); FTA, EFTA-Israel; FTA,
EFTA-Jordan; FTA, EFTA-Korea; FTA, EFTA-Lebanon; FTA, EFTA-Macedonia;
FTA, EFTA-Mexico; FTA, EFTA-Montenegro; FTA, EFTA-Morocco; FTA, EFTA-
Palestine; FTA, EFTA-Peru; FTA, EFTA-Serbia; FTA, EFTA-Singapore;

235

of PTAs
included (10%) 223 FTA, EFTA-Tunisia; FTA, EFTA-Turkey; FTA, EFTA-Ukraine; FTA, EU-Bosnia
and Herzegovina; FTA, EU-Canada; FTA, EU-Chile; FTA, EU-Faroe Islands;
(cont’d) FTA, EU-Japan; FTA, EU-Korea; FTA, EU-Kosovo; FTA, EU-MERCOSUR; FTA,
EU-Macedonia; FTA, EU-Mexico; FTA, EU-Montenegro; FTA, EU-Morocco;
FTA, EU-Serbia; FTA, EU-Singapore; FTA, EU-Switzerland; FTA, EU-Viet Nam;
FTA, Egypt-Turkey; FTA, Faroe Islands-Turkey; FTA, GCC-Singapore; FTA,
Georgia-Hong Kong; FTA, Georgia-Turkey; FTA, Honduras-Peru; FTA, Israel &
Palestine-Mexico; FTA, Israel-Panama; FTA, Israel-Turkey; FTA, Israel-Ukraine;
FTA, Jordan-Syria; FTA, Jordan-Turkey; FTA, Jordan-United Arab Emirates; FTA,
Korea-Central America; FTA, Korea-New Zealand; FTA, Korea-Peru; FTA, Korea-
Singapore; FTA, Korea-Turkey; FTA, Korea-United States; FTA, Korea-Viet Nam;
FTA, MERCOSUR-Egypt; FTA, MERCOSUR-Israel; FTA, Macedonia-Turkey;
FTA, Macedonia-Ukraine; FTA, Malaysia-New Zealand (MNZFTA); FTA, Malaysia-
Turkey (MTFTA); FTA, Mexico-Panama; FTA, Moldova-Turkey; FTA, Montenegro-
Turkey; FTA, Montenegro-Ukraine; FTA, Morocco-Turkey; FTA, Morocco-United
Arab Emirates; FTA, New Zealand-Thailand; FTA, Palestine-Turkey; FTA,
Panama-Peru; FTA, Panama-Singapore; FTA, Panama-United States; FTA, Peru-
Singapore; FTA, Peru-United States; FTA, Serbia-Turkey; FTA, Singapore-Sri
Lanka; FTA, Singapore-Turkey; FTA, Singapore-United States; FTA, Syria-Turkey;
FTA, Triangulo del Norte-Colombia; FTA, Tunisia-Turkey; FTA, Turkey-Kosovo;
FTA, UK-Korea; FTA, UK-Moldova; FTA, UK-Singapore; FTA, UK-Ukraine; FTA,
UK-Vietnam; FTA, USA-DRCAFTA; Framework on Economic Cooperation and
Trade between Palestine and Canada; Hoyvík Agreement; Iceland for GSP
countries (LDCs); Indonesia-Palestine; Interim, EU-Albania; Israel-Jordan;
Jordan-Lebanon; Jordan-Sudan; MERCOSUR-Palestine; MERCOSUR-SACU;
Montenegro for LDCs; PACER Plus; PTCA, UK-Albania; RCEP; Regional group,
ASEAN; Regional group, Alianza del Pacifico; Regional group, CACM; Regional
group, CEFTA; Regional group, EFTA; Regional group, League Of Arab States;
Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement; UK-Egypt Association
Agreement; UK-Georgia Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement;
UK-Iceland-Norway trade agreement; UK-Israel Trade and Partnership
Agreement; UK-Jordan Association Agreement; UK-Kosovo Partnership, Trade
and Cooperation Agreement; UK-Morocco Association Agreement; UK-North
Macedonia Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement; UK-Palestinian
Authority Political, Trade and Partnership Agreement (Interim); UK-Switzerland
trade agreement; UK-Tunisia Association Agreement; US-Mexico-Canada
Agreement (USMCA)
included (12.5% (7% of weight 1 CECPA, India-Mauritius
for textile products))
included (9%) 1 FTA, Canada-Chile
included (7 or 10%) 4 EPA, ASEAN-Japan; EPA, India-Japan; EPA, Japan-
Switzerland; EPA, Japan-Viet Nam
included (8%) 5 FTA, AAP.CE 41: Chile-Mexico; FTA, AAP.CE 60: Mexico-Uruguay;
FTA, CACM-Chile; FTA, Chile-China; FTA, Chile-Korea
included (7% for apparel) 3 United States for AGOA countries; United States for Caribbean
Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA); United States for
Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA)
included (7% for textiles) 1 FTA, Morocco-United States
included (7%) 12 AAP.CE 53: Brazil-Mexico; AAP.CE 55: MERCOSUR-Mexico; FTA, AAP.CE
33: Group of Three; FTA, AAP.CE 66: Bolivia-Mexico; FTA, CACM-Dominican
Republic; FTA, CARICOM-Costa Rica; FTA, CARICOM-Dominican Republic;
FTA, Costa Rica-Mexico; FTA, Mexico-Nicaragua; Regional group, NAFTA;
United States for Freely Associated States; United States for Palestine
included (5%) 2 EEU-Iran (Interim); Treaty on CIS FTA

236

of PTAs
not included 172 AAP.A14TM 06: Argentina-Brazil-Uruguay; AAP.A14TM 07: Brazil-Uruguay;
AAP.A25TM 06: Colombia for Nicaragua; AAP.A25TM 07: Colombia for Costa
Rica; AAP.A25TM 16: Venezuela for Honduras; AAP.A25TM 20: Venezuela for
Trinidad and Tobago; AAP.A25TM 23: Venezuela for Guatemala; AAP.A25TM
24: CARICOM-Venezuela; AAP.A25TM 25: Venezuela for Nicaragua; AAP.
A25TM 26: Venezuela for Costa Rica; AAP.A25TM 29: Colombia-Panama; AAP.
A25TM 31: CARICOM-Colombia; AAP.A25TM 37: Guatemala-Mexico (Natural
Gas); AAP.CE 13: Argentina-Paraguay; AAP.CE 22: Bolivia-Chile; AAP.CE 23:
Chile-Venezuela; AAP.CE 35: MERCOSUR-Chile; AAP.CE 36: MERCOSUR-
Bolivia; AAP.CE 40: Cuba-Venezuela; AAP.CE 44: Cuba-Uruguay; AAP.CE 50:
Cuba-Peru; AAP.CE 52: Cuba-Paraguay; AAP.CE 62: MERCOSUR-Cuba; AAP.
CE 63: Uruguay-Venezuela; APTA (formerly Bangkok Agreement); Afghanistan-
India; African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA); Agreement on CIS FTA;
Algeria-Jordan; Algeria-Mauritania; Algeria-Morocco; Armenia for Developing
Countries; Armenia for LDCs; Australia for GSP Countries; Australia-Canada;
Belarus (EAEU) for Developing Countries; Azerbaijan-Turkey; Belarus (EAEU) for
LDCs; Belize-Guatemala; Brazil-Guyana; Brazil-Suriname (Rice); CARICOM-
Cuba; CEPA, Malaysia-Pakistan; CU, EU-Turkey; Canada for Commonwealth
Caribbean Countries; Canada for LDCs; Canada-New Zealand; Cartagena
Agreement; Chile for LDCs; Chile-India; China for LDCs; China-Macao; Chinese
Taipei for LDCs; ECA, Chinese Taipei-Eswatini; ECOTA; EHP, India-Thailand;
Ecuador-El Salvador; Ecuador-Guatemala; Ecuador-Nicaragua; Egypt-Jordan;
FTA, AAP.CE 38: Chile-Peru; FTA, ASEAN-India; FTA, Armenia-Georgia; FTA,
Armenia-Kyrgyzstan; FTA, Armenia-Moldova; FTA, Armenia-Russian Federation;
FTA, Armenia-Tajikistan; FTA, Armenia-Turkmenistan; FTA, Armenia-Ukraine;
FTA, Azerbaijan-Georgia; FTA, Azerbaijan-Moldova; FTA, Azerbaijan-Russian
Federation; FTA, Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan; FTA, Azerbaijan-Ukraine; FTA,
Bahrain-United States; FTA, Belarus-Moldova; FTA, Belarus-Russian Federation;
FTA, Belarus-Serbia; FTA, Belarus-Turkmenistan; FTA, Belarus-Uzbekistan;
FTA, COMESA-EAC-SADC; FTA, China-Pakistan; FTA, Chinese Taipei-
Paraguay; FTA, EAEU-Serbia; FTA, Egypt-Morocco; FTA, Georgia-Kazakhstan;
FTA, Georgia-Russian Federation; FTA, Georgia-Turkmenistan; FTA, Georgia-
Ukraine; FTA, India-Sri Lanka; FTA, Israel-United States; FTA, Jordan-Libya;
FTA, Jordan-Morocco; FTA, Jordan-Singapore; FTA, Jordan-United States; FTA,
Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan; FTA, Kazakhstan-Russian Federation; FTA, Kazakhstan-
Ukraine; FTA, Kyrgyzstan-Russian Federation; FTA, Kyrgyzstan-Ukraine; FTA,
Moldova-Russian Federation; FTA, Morocco-Tunisia; FTA, Oman-United States;
FTA, Pakistan-Sri Lanka; FTA, Russia-Serbia and Montenegro; FTA, Russian
Federation-Tajikistan; FTA, Russian Federation-Turkmenistan; FTA, Russian
Federation-Ukraine; FTA, Russian Federation-Uzbekistan; FTA, Tajikistan-
Uzbekistan; FTA, Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan; FTA, Ukraine-Turkmenistan; FTA,
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
Ukraine-Uzbekistan; GSTP; Group of Eight (D8); Guinea-Morocco; India for
LDCs; India-Nepal; Iran-Bosnia and Herzegovina; Iran-Pakistan; Iran-Syria;
Iraq-Jordan; Iraq-Morocco; Jordan-Oman; Jordan-Saudi Arabia; Jordan-Tunisia;
Kazakhstan (EAEC) for GSP Countries; Kazakhstan (EAEU) for Developing
Countries; Kazakhstan (EAEU) for LDCs; Korea for LDCs; Kyrgyzstan for
Developing Countries; Kyrgyzstan for LDCs; Libya-Morocco; MERCOSUR-
India; MSG; Malawi-Mozambique; Mauritania-Morocco; Mauritius-Pakistan;
Morocco for African LDCs; Morocco-Saudi Arabia; Mozambique-Zimbabwe; New
Zealand for GSP Countries; New Zealand for LDCs; Organization of the Islamic
Conferences (OIC); PATCRA; PICTA; PTA, Indonesia-Pakistan; Panama-Trinidad
and Tobago; Regional group, Aladi: A.REG 04; Regional group, Aladi: AAP.AG
02 (Seeds); Regional group, CAEMC; Regional group, CARICOM; Regional
group, COMESA; Regional group, ECCAS; Regional group, ECOWAS; Regional
group, GCC; Regional group, IOC; Regional group, MERCOSUR (AAP.CE
18); Regional group, SAARC; Regional group, UMA; Regional group, WAEMU;
Russian Federation (EAEC) for Developing Countries; Russian Federation
(EAEC) for LDCs; Russian Federation (EAEU) for Developing Countries; Russian
Federation (EAEU) for LDCs; SPARTECA; Tajikistan for LDCs; Thailand for
LDCs; United States for GSP countries; Zimbabwe-Botswana Trade Agreement;
Zimbabwe-Malawi Trade Agreement; Zimbabwe-Namibia Trade Agreement
not applicable 7 CEPA, EU-Armenia; CU, EU-San Marino; Inter-Korean Exchange
and Cooperation Act; Israeli-Palestinian Customs Union;
Regional Group, Eurasian Economic Union (EEU); Regional
group, SACU; Swiss-Liechtenstein Customs Union

237
2. Non-tariff measures on “green” and “brown”
energy products
2.1. Introduction
The global green energy transition

from fossil fuels to renewable energy Box 1: NTM data collection:
is important for many reasons.
These include the recent increases Methodology and coverage
in oil, gas and coal prices and the
UNCTAD, jointly with several other international organisations, such as the WTO,
growing impact of climate change. has developed a methodology to collect data on NTMs.1 It uses the international
The renewable energy sector can classification of NTMs, approved by the United Nations statistics department. 2 A
common taxonomy for NTMs allows for regular and consistent data collection.
create new employment opportunities
while it also fosters innovation NTM data collection relies solely on official regulations issued by the country.
and research and development. UNCTAD performs a comprehensive review of the legislation in force in the country
whenever data is collected. The legal requirements, from which the data stem, are
Furthermore, some green technologies,
established on a national basis, and can directly or indirectly affect international
such as off-grid solar energy and trade in goods. The data cover all requirements that can potentially affect
wind energy systems can provide international imports and exports of a specific product in a specific country and for a
affordable electricity in remote specific trading partner.
agricultural areas that are currently UNCTAD has performed data collection in more than 100 countries, at least once.
without access to electricity or with For several of those countries, data is updated yearly, or every two years. Since the
limited or unreliable electricity supply. process of data collection follows a standardised methodology, data is comparable
It is also expected to expand small- across countries.
scale industrial and entrepreneurial 1. See: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditctab2019d8_en.pdf
opportunities in these communities. 2. See: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditctab2019d5_en.pdf
Sustainable Development Goal 7

calls for international cooperation on
shifting from fossil fuel to renewable
energy, including through increased systems. Availability of renewable access. Internationally comparable
trade for green energy technologies energy technologies through trade is data on NTMs is scarce, but useful
such as hydro, wind and solar vital to achieve reliable, sustainable information is made available through
power generation systems and their and resilient industrial infrastructure. UNCTAD’s Trade Analysis Information
components. The transition aims to Imports can be facilitated and made System (TRAINS – see Box 1).
limit the future extent of climate change more affordable through trade that
Furthermore, inclusion in the
by substantially reducing energy- eliminates burdensome tariffs and
database of NTMs derived from
related carbon emissions to achieve non-tariff measures on renewable
national requirements does not imply
net zero global carbon emissions energy related goods and goods
a judgement on the legitimacy or
towards the middle of this century. needed to enhance energy efficiency.
appropriateness of these requirements.
Trade in energy efficient goods Data on non-tariff measures (NTMs) NTMs are recorded in a neutral
and technology are necessary to are a vital complement to tariff way with the purpose of fostering
significantly reduce CO2 emissions data as NTMs can be as important transparency for the policy tools
and depart from fossil fuel-based as tariffs in determining market that may affect international trade.

238
2.2. Use of NTMs in “green” and “brown” energy products
The TRAINS NTM database can be

used to produce statistics for any region
or for any product group. Three basic
Box 2: NTM indicators: “Frequency Index”,
indicators – frequency index, coverage “Coverage Ratio” and “Prevalence Score”
ratio, and prevalence score – reveal
the use of NTMs as policy instruments The Frequency Index and Coverage Ratio are indicators computed using traded
products.
(see Box 2). They provide information
on how often a country uses NTMs, • The Frequency Index is essentially the percentage of products affected by
one or more NTMs.1 It takes into account the presence or absence of a measure
the most common NTM types, and the
on a certain product.
nature of the most regulated sectors.
• The Coverage Ratio is the share of trade subject to NTMs. This index is also
Nevertheless, they do not reveal how a ratio, but trade weighted.2
much NTMs would cost to exporters • The Prevalence Score (sometimes called the Intensity Index) is an average
and importers, nor if they restrict or of how many measures apply to a given product group. It can be used, for
enhance trade, and by how much. In example, to indicate which group of products is affected by the largest number of
some cases, NTMs could facilitate NTMs on average. For instance, it can reveal if agricultural products are affected
more than industrial products, or to compare the average number of measures
trade, especially when the requirement
among various countries.
has been complied with already.
1. The frequency index is computed using the products that are effectively traded within the
A joint UNCTAD and World Bank country, i.e. FI is the share of those imported products that have to face at least one NTM.
publication (UNCTAD, 2018) observed 2. Usually, the Coverage Ratio is computed using the average trade value for the last three
that developed countries tend to years (bilateral and by HS6), so that there would be less zero values. This is relevant because
this indicator uses traded products only.
have deeper levels of regulation,
covering more sectors and with a
higher number of NTMs. The objective
may be to ensure consumer safety barriers to trade (TBT) measures are may not have any regulations indicated
or product quality. Sanitary and used more frequently by developed in these areas as some sectors
phytosanitary (SPS) and technical countries. Less developed countries might not be well regulated.
2.3. Results and policy conclusions
Figure 1 presents the average results Figure 1. Global results for import/export NTMs
for all the countries in the data set
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
for 2021, or the latest year available1, 100 5
for import NTMs and export NTMs.
Thirty-one countries were added in 80 4
2020 and 2021 to the database. Number of NTMs
The first two bars in the figure are 60 3
import measures. Import NTMs are
%
conditions or requirements for import 40 2

into the country whereas export
NTMs are regulations affecting the
20 1
country’s own exports, e.g. obtaining
a permit before exporting a chemical
product. The latter are shown in 0 0
Import NTM Export NTM
the last two bars in the figure.
Frequency Index Coverage Ratio Prevalence Score (right axis)
Around 40 per cent of the imported
products in the world need to Source: Authors’ illustration based on TRAINS.
comply with at least one NTM (first
blue bar). This represents about
70 per cent of the value of these on average (first green diamond). NTMs such as product requirements
imported goods (first red bar). About 20 per cent of exported to protect health and safety are
Every imported product needs products need to comply with more widely used for fossil fuel
to comply with about two NTMs, almost one NTM, on average. energy products than for renewable
1 Indicators for Grenada, Liberia and Tajikistan were not estimated as the corresponding trade information was not available.

239
Figure 2. NTM indicators, by energy product group
Panel a. Import NTMs Panel b. Export NTMs
100 5 100 5
80 4 80 4
Number of NTMs
Number of NTMs
60 3 60 3
%
%
40 2 40 2
20 1 20 1
0 0 0 0
Green Brown Green Brown
Source: Authors’ illustration based on TRAINS.
Figure 3. NTM indicators, by development status

Panel a. Import NTMs: Coverage, frequency, Panel b. Export NTMs: Coverage, frequency,
and prevalence score and prevalence score
100 5 100 5
80 4 80 4
Number of NTMs
Number of NTMs
60 3 60 3
%
40 2 40 2
20 1 20 1
0 0 0 0
LDC
Developing
Developed
LDC
Developing
Developed
LDC
Developing
Developed
LDC
Developing
Developed
Green Brown Green Brown
energy products. This does not energy technologies such as hydro, (almost 60 per cent) is affected by
mean that NTMs are more trade wind and solar power generation NTMs. Moreover, there are 1.5 NTMs
restrictive for “brown products” systems and their components.3 on every green product imported in
(fossil fuel energy products).2 the world, on average, while there are
About 40 per cent of green products
three NTMs on each brown product.
Figure 2 shows indicators concerning imported in the world are affected by at
either the “green” or the “brown” least one NTM. This represents more The fact that brown products are
energy product groups. Green energy than 60 per cent of its trade value. more regulated than green products
products are products related to green A larger share of the brown products does not mean that trade policies
2 For example, the import restrictiveness of NTMs facing renewable energy products, measured as an equivalent to tariff rates (i.e. the ad valorem
equivalent of NTMs), is higher for renewable energy products than for fossil fuels.
3 Renewable energy systems and components as listed in: WTO, 2010, Renewable Energy 1st and 2nd submission of WTO member States,
Committee on Trade and Environment, TN/TE/19 (32 products at HS 6-digit level mainly from chapters 84 and 85 for machinery and mechanical
appliances, and electrical equipment)

240
Figure 4: NTM indicators, by economy and sector group
Panel a. Import NTMs, Coverage, frequency Panel b. Prevalence score of green energy products
of green energy products
Argentina
Argentina Argentina
Argentina Phil
Ph
Brazil
Brazil Brazil
Brazil
Philippines
Philippines Philippines
Philippines BB
Russian
RussianFederation
Federation Russian
RussianFederation
Federation Afgh
Afgh
Canada
Canada Canada
Canada Cab
Cab
Bahrain,
Bahrain,Kingdom
Kingdomof
of Bahrain,
Bahrain,Kingdom
Kingdomof
of G
European
EuropeanUnion
Union European
EuropeanUnion
Union El
ElSS
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan Antigua
Antiguaand
andBB
Côte
Côted'Ivoire
d'Ivoire Côte
Côted'Ivoire
d'Ivoire Moza
Moza
Norway
Norway Norway
Norway EE
Georgia
Georgia Georgia
Georgia
United
UnitedArab
ArabEmirates
Emirates United
UnitedArab
ArabEmirates
Emirates Co
C
Gabon
Gabon Gabon
Gabon
Tanzania
Tanzania Tanzania
Tanzania Pa
P
Mozambique
Mozambique Mozambique
Mozambique
Saudi
SaudiArabia,
Arabia,Kingdom
Kingdomof
of Saudi
SaudiArabia,
Arabia,Kingdom
Kingdomof
of E
Tajikistan
Tajikistan Tajikistan
Tajikistan Côte
Côte
Tunisia
Tunisia Tunisia
Tunisia Ba
B
Kuwait,
Kuwait,the
theState
Stateof
of Kuwait,
Kuwait,the
theState
Stateof
of Burkin
Burki
United
UnitedStates
Statesof
ofAmerica
America United
UnitedStates
Statesof
ofAmerica
America The
TheG
India
India India
India Bang
Ban
Botswana
Botswana Botswana
Botswana
Armenia
Armenia Armenia
Armenia
Uruguay
Uruguay Uruguay
Uruguay M
M
Lebanese
LebaneseRepublic
Republic Lebanese
LebaneseRepublic
Republic
Ecuador
Ecuador Ecuador
Ecuador M
M
Cambodia
Cambodia Cambodia
Cambodia Zim
Zim
Panama
Panama Panama
Panama VV
Guyana
Guyana Guyana
Guyana United
UnitedArab
ArabEE
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Korea,
Korea,Rep
Rep
Colombia
Colombia Colombia
Colombia Europea
Europea
Malaysia
Malaysia Malaysia
Malaysia G
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
Indonesia
Indonesia Indonesia
Indonesia Papua
PapuaNew
New
Senegal
Senegal Senegal
Senegal TT
Rwanda
Rwanda Rwanda
Rwanda A
Malawi
Malawi Malawi
Malawi
Thailand
Thailand Thailand
Thailand
Antigua
Antiguaand
andBarbuda
Barbuda Antigua
Antiguaand
andBarbuda
Barbuda Swit
Swi
Togo
Togo Togo
Togo
Eswatini
Eswatini Eswatini
Eswatini PP
Paraguay
Paraguay Paraguay
Paraguay Aze
Az
Nicaragua
Nicaragua Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Namibia
Namibia Namibia
Namibia Ca
Ca
Kenya
Kenya Kenya
Kenya M
M
Hong
HongKong,
Kong,China
China Hong
HongKong,
Kong,China
China Bo
Bo
The
TheGambia
Gambia The
TheGambia
Gambia AA
Algeria
Algeria Algeria
Algeria C
C
Comoros
Comoros Comoros
Comoros
Brunei
BruneiDarussalam
Darussalam Brunei
BruneiDarussalam
Darussalam Su
S
Bahamas
Bahamas Bahamas
Bahamas P
Burkina
BurkinaFaso
Faso Burkina
BurkinaFaso
Faso
Burundi
Burundi Burundi
Burundi
00 20
20 40
40 60
60 80
80 100
100 00 55 10
10 15
15
Coverage
CoverageRatio
Ratio Frequency
FrequencyIndex
Index Prevalence
PrevalenceScore
Score

241
Figure 4: NTM indicators, by economy and sector group
Panel c. Import NTMs, Coverage, frequency of brown Panel d. Prevalence score of brown energy products
energy products
Philippines
Philippines Philippines
Philippines
Nepal
Nepal Nepal
Nepal
Bahamas
Bahamas Bahamas
Bahamas
Afghanistan
Afghanistan Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Cabo
Cabo Verde
Verde Cabo
CaboVerde
Verde
Guyana
Guyana Guyana
Guyana
El El Salvador
Salvador El El
Salvador
Salvador
Antigua
Antigua and
and Barbuda
Barbuda Antigua
Antigua
and
and
Barbuda
Barbuda
Mozambique
Mozambique Mozambique
Mozambique
Ecuador
Ecuador Ecuador
Ecuador
Qatar
Qatar Qatar
Qatar
Colombia
Colombia Colombia
Colombia
Brazil
Brazil Brazil
Brazil
Paraguay
Paraguay Paraguay
Paraguay
Oman
Oman Oman
Oman
Ethiopia
Ethiopia Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Côte
Côte d'Ivoire
d'Ivoire Côte
Côted'Ivoire
d'Ivoire
Barbados
Barbados Barbados
Barbados
Burkina
Burkina Faso
Faso Burkina
Burkina
Faso
Faso
The
The Gambia
Gambia The
The
Gambia
Gambia
Bangladesh
Bangladesh Bangladesh
Bangladesh
China
China China
China
Togo
Togo Togo
Togo
Morocco
Morocco Morocco
Morocco
Jordan
Jordan Jordan
Jordan
Mauritius
Mauritius Mauritius
Mauritius
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Viet
Viet Nam
Nam Viet
Viet
Nam
Nam
United
United Arab
Arab Emirates
Emirates United
United
Arab
Arab
Emirates
Emirates
Korea,
Korea, Republic
Republic of of Korea,
Korea,
Republic
Republic
of of
European
European Union
Union European
European
Union
Union
Georgia
Georgia Georgia
Georgia
Papua
Papua New
New Guinea
Guinea Papua
Papua
New
New
Guinea
Guinea
Tanzania
Tanzania Tanzania
Tanzania
Armenia
Armenia Armenia
Armenia
Gabon
Gabon Gabon
Gabon
Iceland
Iceland Iceland
Iceland
Switzerland
Switzerland Switzerland
Switzerland
Norway
Norway Norway
Norway
Palestine
Palestine Palestine
Palestine
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Chile
Chile Chile
Chile
Cambodia
Cambodia Cambodia
Cambodia
Myanmar
Myanmar Myanmar
Myanmar
Botswana
Botswana Botswana
Botswana
Australia
Australia Australia
Australia
Comoros
Comoros Comoros
Comoros
Guinea
Guinea Guinea
Guinea
Suriname
Suriname Suriname
Suriname
Panama
Panama Panama
Panama
Niger
Niger Niger
Niger
Israel
Israel Israel
Israel
1515 0 0 2020 4040 6060 8080 100
100 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 1010 1212 1414
Coverage
CoverageRatio
Ratio Frequency
Frequency
Index
Index Prevalence
Prevalence
Score
Score

242
restrict these types of products. It lower for exports (the last panel). It For some countries, the frequency
may only relate to the fact that green seems that least-developed countries index is low, meaning that only a few
products are normally innovation (LDCs) may be lacking necessary of the imported products are affected
products, and countries have not regulation for green products. by NTMs. For those countries, the
yet developed regulations for those prevalence score may also be low.
Figure 4 provides information by
products. Another possible reason is This means that there are very few
economy and sector group. Out of
market size. Analysis of the information measures imposed on few products.
104 economies covered, only 76
on the NTM database shows that
implement NTMs on green products. Figure 5 shows use of NTMs by type
countries normally regulate more of
On the other hand, only a handful are of measure. About 30 per cent of
those products that are highly traded.
not using NTMs on brown energy the imported green energy products
If trade is expected to increase products. In line with the results in in the world have to comply with at
for green products, then NTMs the previous figures, some countries least one TBT measure. This value
are expected to also multiply for may not yet be ready to regulate rises to almost half of imports for
these products. Policy-makers these products effectively. It could brown energy products. More than
across the world are responsible also be the case that they are not 60 per cent of the value of imports
for designing those regulations to importing green products, and of green energy products have
assure safety and efficiency in a way this is the reason why they do not to contend with at least one TBT
that does not create trade burdens appear in the statistical indicators. measure. Again, values are higher for
or unnecessary trade costs. brown energy products. Three out of
The bars for panels c and d
four dollars of imports in this sector
Some 20 to 40 per cent of the correspond to brown energy products.
are affected by TBT measures.
products in these sectors are subject The bars are in general larger for
to NTMs by requirement of the own these products than for the green The next two most common types
exporting country. There is normally products. The large majority of the of NTMs are measures restricting
only one NTM enforced on average economies regulate almost all imports the quantity imported. The quantity
on these products when they are of these products, as observed by the control measures for imports are larger
exported. This is similar for both coverage ratio value being close to 1. for brown products than for green
product groups studied here. products. In fact, the red line in Figure 5
The indicators are calculated as a
(which represents indicators for brown
Figure 3 disaggregates the information share of imported products in each
energy products) is always beyond
by region or economy group. In all of the groups. The frequency index
the green line marking the value of
three regions, the brown products are and coverage ratio can be easily
indicators for green energy products.
more highly regulated than the green compared because both use the same
This is true not only for the frequency
energy products. The indicators are set of products for each country.
index but also for the coverage ratio.
Figure 5: NTM indicators, by type of measure
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
Panel a: Import NTMs: frequency index Panel b: Import NTMs: trade coverage
SPS SPS
100 100
Export 75 Export 75
TBT TBT
50 50
25 25
Other 0 Pre-Shipment Other 0 Pre-Shipment
Finance Quantity Control Finance Quantity Control
Price Control Price Control

Green frequency index Brown frequency index Green coverage ratio Brown coverage ratio

243
The difference is clear for price control SPS, TBT and pre-shipment inspection widespread for brown products, for
measures. While less than 10 per cent constitute “technical measures” while both technical and non-technical
of green products need to comply with the other NTMs are considered to measures, and for all three indicators.
price control measures, it is about be non-technical. Figure 6 shows
30 per cent for brown energy products. that the use of NTMs is more
Figure 6: NTM indicators, by sector groups and type of NTM

Panel a. Green energy products Panel b. Brown energy products
100 5 100 5
80 4 80 4
Number of NTMs
Number of NTMs
60 3 60 3
%
%
40 2 40 2
20 1 20 1
0 0 0 0
Technical Non technical Technical Non technical
2.4. References
UNCTAD (2002). Quantification of UNCTAD (2016). Guidelines to Collect UNCTAD (2019). International
Non-Tariff Measures. Bijit Bora, Aki Data on Official Non-Tariff Measures, Classification of Non-Tariff
Kuwahara and Sam Laird, UNCTAD/ January 2016 version. UNCTAD/DITC/ Measures. 2019 Version. United
ITCD/TAB/19. New York and Geneva. TAB/2014/4. New York and Geneva. Nations publication. UNCTAD/
DITC/TAB/2019/5
UNCTAD (2012). Non-Tariff UNCTAD (2017). UNCTAD TRAINS:
Measures to Trade: Economic The Global Database on Non-Tariff UNCTAD and World Bank (2018). The
and Policy Issues for Developing Measures – User Guide (2017, Unseen Impact of Non-Tariff Measures.
Countries. United Nations publication. Version 2). United Nations publication. Insights from a New Database.
UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2012/1 UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2017/3 United Nations and the World Bank.
UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2018/2
UNCTAD (2015). International UNCTAD (2019). Computing Non-
Classification of Non-Tariff Measures. Tariff Measures Indicators: Analysis WTO (2012). World Trade Report 2012:
United Nations publication. with UNCTAD TRAINS data. Trade and Public Policies: A Closer
UNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2012/2 UNCTAD Research Paper No. 41 Look at Non-Tariff Measures in the
UNCTAD/SER.RP/2019/13 21st Century. WTO publication.

244
Annex
Frequency Index
The Frequency Index (FI) is essentially the percentage of products
affected by one or more NTMs. More formally,
∑ 𝐷𝐷" M#
F! = . 100
∑ M#
The Frequency Index is a ratio calculated using two dummy variables in the
numerator: D_s, the presence (or absence) of an NTM on the product, and the
∑ 𝐷𝐷product.
M_s, which equals to 1 for every (traded) " V#
C! = .100The sum in the numerator is
∑ V#
the total “affected” products, and the denominator is the sum of all products; the
Frequency Index is simply the ratio between them.4
∑ D# 𝑁𝑁#
Coverage Ratio 𝑃𝑃! =
∑ M#
The trade Coverage Ratio (CR) is the share of trade subject to NTMs. It
can also be computed for a country, or∑for a region,
𝐷𝐷" M #
or a group of products. This
F! = Trade value
Index is also a ratio, but trade weighted. . 100 is represented by V_s. The
∑ M#
numerator captures the sum of the import (export) value of those traded products
that are affected by an import (export) NTM. It is then divided by the total value of
imports (exports).
∑ 𝐷𝐷" V#
C! = .100
∑ V#
Usually, Coverage Ratio is computed using the average trade value for the last
three years (bilateral and by HS6), so that∑there
D# 𝑁𝑁#would be less zero values. This is
𝑃𝑃! traded
relevant because this indicator uses = products only.
∑ M#
Prevalence Score
The Prevalence Score (PS) is an average∑ 𝐷𝐷" M#of how many measures apply
to a given product group. It canF! =be used, for. 100
example, to tell what group of
∑ Mof
products is affected by the largest number # NTMs on average. For instance, it
IV SPECIAL TOPICS
can be computed to see if agricultural products are affected by more measures,
compared with industrial products, or to compare the average number of measures
among different countries. ∑ 𝐷𝐷 V " #
! C = .100
The formula is similar to the previous ∑ V# D_s is defined above, N_s is the
cases;
number of NTMs on product s, and M_s is the total number of products (those with
and without NTMs).5
∑ D# 𝑁𝑁#
𝑃𝑃! =
∑ M#
4 This simplified formula does not show that it also has a bilateral dimension, but the same
principle applies. The products-partners affected in the numerator will equal 1, and all products-
partners will count in the denominator.
5 This simplified formula does not show that it also has a bilateral dimension, but the same
principle applies. In practical terms, it is double sum. If data are set for the triple “reporter-hs6-
partner”, the Prevalence Score is the simple mean of the variable that presents the number of
distinct codes for each row, considering the traded lines (rows with positive import values only).

245
V. Annexes
246
A. Data sources 248
B. Frequently asked questions 253
247
A. D
ata sources
The data was pooled from the following cut-off date for inclusion of new data some problems such as: missing
databases: WTO’s Consolidated in the publication was 31 May 2022. product codes, the products codes of
Tariff Schedules database (CTS) and the agreement did not correspond to
For Part B in the tariff profiles more than
Integrated Data Base (IDB) and ITC’s the product codes of the MFN tariffs
300 trade agreements with available
MAcMap and TradeMap databases. of the country; or (3) the agreement
data were included in the calculation
Additional imports were sourced from entered into force after the country
of the preference margin and duty-
the UN COMTRADE database when was uploaded in the Market Access
free access. Some trade agreements
it has more updated data than WTO Map database (in such cases the
that are currently in force have not
and ITC. The objective was to use agreements will be included in the
been included for one or more of the
for each country or customs territory subsequent update of the database).
following reasons: (1) the agreement –
the latest available information. For
or the supplementary information to it – For more detailed information on the
the summary tables and Part A of the
was not accessible (or the document full contents of each of the respective
tariff profiles, only applied tariffs for
was unworkable) at the time of the databases, the reader is referred to the
the years 2021 or 2020 and imports
publication; (2) the data presented respective websites and/or documents:
for 2020 or 2019 were retained. The
ITC MAcMap www.macmap.org

ITC TradeMap www.trademap.org
UN COMTRADE comtrade.un.org
WTO CTS tdf.wto.org or tao.wto.org
WTO IDB tdf.wto.org or tao.wto.org
WTO I-TIP i-tip.wto.org/goods
For information on RTAs notified to the WTO see also the following website: http://rtais.wto.org

248
Table A1. Data availability
Tariffs Imports (latest year; 2020 or 2019)1

MFN applied and
Country or customs territory preferences (latest Tariff Line Data HS 6-digit
Bound year; 2021 or 2020)1
WTO ITC WTO ITC COMTRADE
Afghanistan X
Albania X 2021 2021 2020
Algeria 2021
Angola X 2021 2019
Antigua and Barbuda X 2021 2019
Argentina X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Armenia X 2021 2020
Australia X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Azerbaijan 2021 2020
Bahrain, Kingdom of X 2021 2021 2020
Bangladesh X 2021
Barbados X 2021 2020
Belarus 2021 2020
Belize X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Benin X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Bhutan 2021
Bolivia, Plurinational State of X 2020 2021 2020
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2021 2020
Botswana X 2021 2021 2020
Brazil X 2021 2021 2020
Brunei Darussalam X 2021 2021 2020
Burkina Faso X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Burundi X 2021 2021 2020
Cabo Verde X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Cambodia X 2021 2021 2020
Cameroon X
Canada X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Central African Republic X
Chad X
Chile X 2021 2021 2020
China X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Colombia X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Comoros 2021 2020
V ANNEXES
Congo X
Cook Islands 2021
Costa Rica X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Côte d'Ivoire X 2021 2021 2019
Cuba X 2021 2021 2020
Democratic Republic of the Congo X 2020 2020
Djibouti X
Dominica X 2020 2019
Dominican Republic X 2021 2021 2020

249

MFN applied and
Ecuador X 2021 2020
Egypt X
El Salvador X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Eswatini X 2021 2021 2020
Ethiopia 2021 2020
European Union X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Fiji X 2021 2020
Gabon X
The Gambia X 2021 2021 2020
Georgia X 2020 2021 2019 2020
Ghana X 2021 2021 2019
Grenada X
Guatemala X 2021 2021 2020
Guinea X 2021 2021 2019
Guinea-Bissau X 2021 2021
Guyana X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Haiti X 2020 2020
Honduras X 2020 2021 2019 2019
Hong Kong, China X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Iceland X 2021 2020 2020
India X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Indonesia X 2020 2021 2020 2020
Iran 2020
Israel X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Jamaica X 2021 2020
Japan X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Jordan X 2020 2020 2019 2020
Kazakhstan X 2020 2021 2019 2020
Kenya X 2021 2021 2020
Kiribati 2021 2020
Korea, Republic of X 2021 2021 2020
Kuwait, the State of X 2021 2020
Kyrgyz Republic X 2020 2021 2019 2020
Lao People's Democratic Republic X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Lebanese Republic 2020 2020
Lesotho X 2021 2021 2020
Liberia X 2021 2021
Libya 2021
Macao, China X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Madagascar X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Malawi X 2021 2020
Malaysia X 2021 2021 2020

250

MFN applied and
Maldives X 2021 2021 2020
Mali X 2021 2021 2019
Mauritania X 2021 2020
Mauritius X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Mexico X 2021 2021 2020
Micronesia, Federated States of 2021
Moldova, Republic of X 2021 2021 2020
Mongolia X 2021 2021 2020
Montenegro X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Morocco X 2020 2021 2020
Mozambique X 2021 2020
Myanmar X 2021 2021 2020
Namibia X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Nauru 2021
Nepal X 2021 2020
New Zealand X 2021 2021 2020
Nicaragua X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Niger X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Nigeria X 2021 2021 2019 2020
North Macedonia X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Norway X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Oman X 2021
Pakistan X 2021 2020
Palau 2021
Panama X 2021 2021 2019
Papua New Guinea X 2021
Paraguay X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Peru X 2021 2020
Philippines X 2021 2021 2020
Qatar X 2021 2021 2020
Russian Federation X 2021 2021 2020
Rwanda X 2021 2021 2020
Saint Kitts and Nevis X 2020
V ANNEXES
Saint Lucia X 2021 2021 2019

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines X 2020 2021 2019
Samoa X 2021 2021 2020
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of X 2021 2021 2020
Senegal X 2021 2021 2020
Serbia 2021 2020
Seychelles X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Sierra Leone X 2021 2021
Singapore X 2021 2021 2020 2020

251

MFN applied and
Solomon Islands X 2021
South Africa X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Sri Lanka X 2021 2020
Sudan 2021
Suriname X 2021 2019
Switzerland X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Syrian Arab Republic 2020
Chinese Taipei X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Tajikistan X 2021 2020
Tanzania X 2021 2021 2020
Thailand X 2021 2021 2019 2020
Timor-Leste 2021
Togo X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Tonga X 2021
Trinidad and Tobago X 2021 2021
Tunisia X
Türkiye X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Uganda X 2021 2021 2020
Ukraine X 2021 2021 2020
United Arab Emirates X 2020 2021 2020 2020
United Kingdom X 2021 2021 2020 2020
United States of America X 2021 2021 2020
Uruguay X 2021 2021 2020 2020
Uzbekistan 2021 2020
Vanuatu X 2020 2021
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of X 2021
Viet Nam X 2020 2021 2020
Yemen X
Zambia X 2021 2020
Zimbabwe X 2021 2021 2019 2020
1. For some countries, the data for a country period shown in the table could not be used because the data was incomplete,
inconsistent and in the case of trade statistics, without corresponding tariff data.

252
B. Frequently asked questions
How do you choose the countries to include in the publication?
In each issue, we include all WTO members and some countries or territories for which there is available data for applied tariffs
for the reference years. Non-WTO members included in the publication can vary from issue to issue depending on the availability
of data on applied tariffs for the reference years. WTO members are always included.
Why is there no applied MFN tariff for some WTO members?

Unlike data on bound tariffs which are sourced from legal documents at the WTO, applied tariffs are based on notification of
the member to the WTO or from the tariff database of either the ITC or UNCTAD, the two other institutions collaborating with
the WTO on this publication. For each issue of the WTP, we use two reference years for the applied MFN tariff, usually the
most recent two years. For example, in the WTP 2022 issue, the data on applied tariffs used are for 2021 and if these are not
available, we use 2020. If neither of those years is available from any of the tariff database of the three institutions, the statistics
referring to applied tariffs are left blank.
Why is there no statistic on binding coverage for AG products?

During the Uruguay Round of tariff negotiations all members were supposed to have bound all their tariff lines for agricultural
products, hence binding coverage for AG is assumed to be 100%.
How do you calculate the tariff average when there are non-ad valorem
tariffs?
Whenever there is a non-ad valorem duty in a certain country schedule, it is converted to its ad valorem equivalent (AVE) to
the extent possible. For the methodology used in calculating the AVE, please refer to Technical Annex B of World Tariff Profiles
2006. As a caveat though, some non-ad valorem duties are too complex and the calculation of the AVE requires additional
data not readily available (e.g. duty expressed as “9 + EA max 18.7 + AD S/Z”). In such cases, the duty is not included in the
calculation of the tariff indicators.
Why is the applied tariff average higher than the bound tariff average?
(Related to this is the case when the maximum applied tariff is higher than the maximum
bound tariff.)
When the bound tariff is lower than the applied tariff, it implies a binding violation. However, this is not always true. The following
cases show why even if the calculated applied statistics are higher than the corresponding bound statistics, it is possible that
there was no binding violation.
• The binding coverage might be less than 100% and the applied duties for unbound products may be high thus affecting the
average and the maximum duty. Please note that the bound tariff average is based only on tariff lines that are bound. The
applied duty average is based on the full tariff schedule following a certain Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature version.
Some WTO members who acceded during the Uruguay Round had not fully bound their entire tariff schedule.
• The WTO member has only recently acceded and the concessions are still not fully implemented. As the bound duty
statistics presented in the WTP refer to the final bound duty at the end of the implementation period, the applied duties
could still be higher than the bound duties.
• The bound and applied tariff schedules are in different HS versions. For each WTO member, the publication uses the
approved or certified bound tariff data in the most recent HS version. For example, a member who joined during the Uruguay
Round has its original bound tariff schedule in HS 1992. On the other hand, applied tariff is in the HS version used by
V ANNEXES
the member which in practice is usually the most current version of the HS (say, HS 2017). In order for the bound tariff
information to be more aligned with the applied tariffs, the schedule of concessions is regularly transposed or adapted to
newer HS versions. However, all the other members have to agree to the new schedule in a different HS version to ensure
that no change in the concessions happened during the transposition. This process of certifying a schedule in a more
recent HS version often takes a long time. Hence, it is more often the case that the bound tariff schedule is in an older
version of the HS compared to the one used for the applied tariff. The difference in HS versions is not expected to have
changed any of the member’s commitments but might have affected the aggregate statistics due to the differences in HS
subheading breakdown between versions.
• The national tariff line breakdown might be different between the bound and applied tariff schedules even within the same
HS version, which could have affected the calculated averages. In the simple example below, the applied tariff schedule was
more detailed than that for bound tariff thus having an average higher than the bound tariff even if there’s no binding violation.

253
Bound and applied Tariffs for HS 2017 subheading 0804.50
(Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, fresh or dried)
Bound Tariff Applied Tariff
Code Description Duty (%) Code Description Duty (%)

0804.50.11 Mangoes, fresh 10
0804.50.10 Mangoes 10
0804.50.19 Mangoes, dried 9
0804.50.90 Guavas and mangosteens 5 0804.50.90 Guavas and mangosteens 5
Average 7.5 Average 8
• The ad valorem equivalents (AVE) may affect the comparison between bound and applied duties when the changes in
nomenclature have resulted in the use of different unit values. Please refer to Technical Annex B of World Tariff Profiles
2006 for the methodology on the AVE calculation.
• For some WTO members who have commitments on Other Duties and Charges (ODCs), the data available on applied
tariffs may include the ODCs, and it is not possible to separate the ODC from the import duty.
Why is my calculation for simple tariff average of a country different from

the one in the World Tariff Profiles?
• If there are non-ad valorem duties, the calculation of AVEs for the WTP might be different from the calculated AVEs from
other sources.
• The WTP uses two-stage averaging. First, the average of all national tariff lines within the same HS six-digit subheading is
calculated and then the mean of all HS subheading averages is taken. This is to minimize the variability caused by the different
national tariff line breakdowns within the subheading. All reporters using the same HS version would have the same number of
subheading (i.e., second stage) averages from which the country average or sectorial or product group average is calculated.
My country did not change its applied tariff rates from that of the previous
year but why did the average change?
• If there are non-ad valorem duties, the calculated AVEs could have changed because new reference years for imports are
used every issue.
• Even without non-ad valorem duties in a tariff schedule, it’s possible that the breakdown changed for some reasons but the
applied tariff rate for each product remained the same. Please see the example below on the average for HS subheading
0804.50 which changed because of the difference in the breakdown of tariff lines.
Year 1 Applied Tariff Year 2 Applied Tariff
Code Description Duty (%) Code Description Duty (%)

0804.50.11 Mangoes, fresh 10
0804.50.10 Mangoes 10
0804.50.19 Mangoes, dried 10
0804.50.90 Guavas and mangosteens 5 0804.50.90 Guavas and mangosteens 5
Average 7.5 Average 8.3
Why are there maximum values that are italicized?

To differentiate between a maximum based on an ad valorem tariff and one based on an AVE, the value of which can vary
depending on the unit value of the product for the reference period, the maximum value based on an AVE is italicized.
Why does the same year for applied tariff appear for two consecutive
WTP issues?
For each issue of the WTP, we use two reference years for the applied MFN tariff, usually the most recent two years and
select the latest year available. There is always a one-year overlap on the reference years for consecutive issues of the WTP.
For example, for WTP 2022, the reference years for tariff are 2021 and 2020 and for WTP 2021, they are 2020 and 2019. If,
during the preparation for WTP 2021, the 2020 data for Country X is already available, then 2020 data is used. However, if for
WTP 2022 Country X has no available data yet for 2021 in any of the databases, the data for 2020 is re-used.

254
Why does the same year for applied tariff appear for two consecutive
WTP issues but with different statistics?
The answer to why the same year appears for two consecutive WTP issues is in the previous question.
The reason why the statistics differ could be the presence of non-ad valorem duties in the tariff schedule. Different reference
years on imports are used for the calculation of AVEs for each issue and hence the AVEs can change.
Another reason could be that the reporter itself revised the data previously submitted for the relevant year.
Why did the bound tariff statistics differ from the WTP issue of
the previous year?
In theory, bound tariffs do not change unless there is a renegotiation of a Member’s commitments. Hence, the most intuitive
answer would be that the Member renegotiated some or even all of its commitments during the course of the year.
However, there could be other reasons why, even if there were no changes in the commitments, some aggregate statistics
changed. One of these could be the presence of non-ad valorem duties in the bound tariff schedule. Different reference years
on imports are used for the calculation of AVEs for each issue and hence the AVEs can change.
Another reason could be the use of an approved schedule in a more recent HS version. Please refer to the question “why is the
applied tariff average higher than the bound tariff average?” for additional explanation.
My country imports mostly from partners with whom we have a free trade
agreement and imports come in duty free. Why is the calculated trade
weighted average much higher than what is expected?
The trade weighted average presented in Part A.1 of each tariff page is based on applied MFN duty weighted by total imports
and does not take into consideration non-MFN duties (mostly preferential) applied to certain trading partners. In effect, this is
the trade weighted average assuming all imports are levied the MFN rate.
In Part B, the statistics show that exports from my country to a certain

partner (i.e. imports of the partner from my country) do not enjoy
preference as reflected by the preferential margin and % duty free imports.
However, in reality our exports enjoy preferential rates in this market.
Why don’t the statistics show this?
The market access statistics calculated in Part B require complete information on non-MFN tariff regimes which each market
or importer applies to each of its import partners. However, there are non-MFN or other preferential tariff regimes which are not
officially notified to the WTO nor are these available in the other tariff databases. The statistics are based only on non-MFN tariff
regimes for each market for which we have data.
How can I get the EXCEL version of the tariff profiles and summary tables
for previous WTP issues?
At present there is no online facility yet to extract these tables. However, these can be requested from the Market Access
Intelligence Section of the WTO. Send your email request to mai@wto.org specifying which data years or WTP issues you
are interested in.
V ANNEXES

255
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements are due to all ITC contributed all the AVE estimates international trade” from Dzmitry
the data providers, mostly national and preferential duties. Missing trade Kniahin at the ITC, and the second one
administrations or WTO delegations data for some countries were also is related to last year’s special topic on
who have made this information sourced from the UN Commodity Trade NTM but focusing only on a specific set
available including through notifications Statistics Database (COMTRADE). of products, 2) “Non-tariff measures on
presented as a special topic. In a ‘green’ and ‘brown’ energy products”
number of cases, data has been made The preparation of this publication
from Denise Penello Rial and Samuel
available on national websites or was coordinated by Dayong Yu
Munyaneza at the UNCTAD.
through regional organizations. Given (WTO) and Adelina Mendoza (WTO)
the vast amount of statistical data and in close collaboration with Mondher Dayong Yu (WTO) and Mong Mun How
metadata that needed to be processed, Mimouni (ITC) and Ralf Peters (WTO) prepared the statistical
and because this information is not (UNCTAD). Janvier Usanase (WTO) tables on antidumping measures,
available in one single organization, this was responsible for calculating the countervailing duties and safeguard
publication was only possible as a joint tariff indicators and generating the actions. Thanks are also due to
effort of the WTO, ITC, and UNCTAD. statistical tables. Jung-Ah Kang Staff of the WTO Rules Division for
Each of the three organizations has a (WTO) worked on formatting and their comments and suggestions
proven track record and comparative putting together all the different parts for the technical annexes.
strengths in the field of tariff analysis. of the publication. Xavier Pichot (ITC)
Finally, the contributions of the
was in charge of providing the input
The WTO, as the repository of its WTO Information and External
dataset and of calculating the AVEs.
members’ binding commitments on Relations Division, specifically
At the ITC, thanks are also due to the
goods and also as repository for Serge Marin‑Pache and
data collection team coordinated by
members’ notifications in a number of Anthony Martin, and WTO printing
Karla Del Real Cañamar as well as
trade policy areas, has been at the core facilities for the production and the
to Dzmitry Kniahin and Mampiandra
of this undertaking. Trade and tariff data French and Spanish translators in the
Antonia Ngavozafy for data processing.
were sourced from either the WTO or Language Services and Documentation
ITC databases depending on which one For this edition’s special topics, Division for rendering the publication
had the most recent tariff or trade data two technical papers were prepared: in the WTO’s other official languages
for the years covered. In addition, the 1) “Preferential rules of origin in are also hereby acknowledged.

256
ISBN 978-92-870-5367-1 (print)
ISBN 978-92-870-5368-8 (pdf)
Published by the World Trade Organization

© World Trade Organization, International Trade Centre and UNCTAD 2022.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without
prior permission in writing from the World Trade Organization and the
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The report is also available in French and Spanish

Copies can be ordered from: WTO Online Bookshop
http://onlinebookshop.wto.org
If you would like more information on the contents of this report or if you have
any comments or suggestions for improvement please contact
the Market Access Intelligence Section (mai@wto.org).
World Tariff Profiles 2022 provides
comprehensive information on the
tariffs and non-tariff measures
imposed by over 170 countries and
customs territories. The publication
starts with a breakdown of the tariffs
imposed by these economies.
Tariff data are presented in comparative
tables and in one-page profiles for each
economy. A summary table on selected
indicators on the imports and exports
profile for these economies is also
presented. Statistics on non‑tariff
measures by country and by product
group complement the data on tariffs.
Under the special topics part, there
are two technical papers. The first one
analyses the preferential rules of origin
in international trade and the second
one focuses on non-tariff measures on
“green” and “brown” energy products.
The publication is jointly prepared by

the World Trade Organization, the
United Nations Conference on Trade
and Development (UNCTAD) and
the International Trade Centre (ITC).
World Trade Organization

Centre William Rappard ISBN 978-92-870-5367-1
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III NON-TARIFF MEASURES

III. Non-tariff measures  198

2.3. Results and policy conclusions 239

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Description of column headings 6

Description of column headings 26

Imports and exports profile 28

Simple average of the ad valorem or

Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings in the total

Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to non-

Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem

Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem

Share of HS six-digit bound subheadings not yet

Maximum duty Maximum tariff line level ad valorem duty or AVE.

Number of distinct duty rates. Non-ad valorem duties are

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Guinea-Bissau 2021 97.6 48.6 12.1 0 1.7 0 0 97.6 38.6

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Philippines 2021 66.8 25.9 6.1 1.9 12.8 0 0 56.4 3.3

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

0 3.3 0 60 65 18 15 49 112 10,971 Philippines

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Guinea-Bissau 2021 40.1 15.8 0 0 0 0 100.0 53.8

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Philippines 2021 35.4 9.9 0 3.7 0 0 91.3 13.2

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

0 10.0 0 60 65 16 14 29 110 1,399 Philippines

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Guinea-Bissau 2021 97.2 50.0 11.5 0 2.0 0 0 97.2 36.2

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

0 0.4 0 50 35 3 5 1 60 5,210 Guinea-Bissau

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Philippines 2021 61.8 23.5 5.5 2.2 14.3 0 0 51.1 1.7

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

0 1.7 0 50 30 12 9 52 110 9,572 Philippines

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Column headings Description or method of calculation

All indicators are calculated by sector and for all products.

Calendar year or start of fiscal

Value of imports Total amount of imports in billion US$.

Share of imports of products for

Export profile statistics are based on reported imports of partner markets

Number of distinct HS chapters

Number of distinct HS 6-digit sub-

Actual MFN or preferential tariff

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

All AG Non-AG All AG Non-AG All AG Non-AG Country/Territory

WTO ITC UNCTAD Download the data:

Download the data: WTO ITC UNCTAD

III. Non-tariff measures 198

Country/territory tariff profiles 42