1. Define IT infrastructure?

Ans: IT infrastructure consists of the equipment, systems, software, and services used in common across an
organization, regardless of mission/program/project. IT Infrastructure also serves as the foundation upon which
mission/program/project-specific systems and capabilities are built.
2. What is failover? Give example
Ans: Failover is the (semi)automatic switch-over to a standby system or component. Examples: Windows Server
failover clustering
3. Define life cycle of IT management?
Ans: Full life cycle of IT management
– IT organization
– Processes:
• Incident management
• Change management
• Problem management
• Release management
• Capacity management.
4. What is DTAP environment?
Ans: in most organizations, the infrastructure not only hosts the production systems, but also development,
test and acceptance systems. These DTAP (Development, Test, Acceptance, Production) environment are used in
the software development process. in the development environment, new software is development or existing
software is modified.
5. What is decommissioning?
Ans: At the end of its lifecycle, infrastructure must be decommissioned. The decommissioning process can be
broken down into preparation, execution and cleanup activities.
6. Differentiate between MTBF and MTTR?
Ans: MTBF:Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). The average time that passes between failures. MTTR: Mean
Time To Repair (MTTR) .The time it takes to recover from a failure.
7. What is meant by functional attribute of IT infrastructure?
8. What is BYOD?
Ans: A concept called Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) allows people to bring personally owned – typically mobile
– devices to the office, to use them to access the organization’s applications and data, as well as their personal
applications and data.
9. Define risk response?
Ans: For each risk, the risk response must be decided upon by senior management.There four risk responses:
1. Acceptance of the risk
2. Avoidance of the risk - do not perform actions that impose risk
3. Transfer of the risk - for instance transfer the risk to an insurance company
4. Mitigation of the risk and accepting the residual risk
10. What is virtual desktop infrastructure?
Ans: virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) is a similar concept as SBC only in VDI user applications run in
their own virtual machine. VDI utilizes a virtual desktop running on top of a bypervisor.
11. What is name of special purpose operating system?
Ans: An operating system basically performs two operations/functions:
It enables multiple users, multiple processes, and multiple applications to run together on a single piece of
hardware
It hides the technical complexities of the underlying hardware from the applications running on top of the
operating system
12. Define process scheduling?
Ans: Operating systems create the illusion of multiple running processes in parallel by scheduling each
process to run only during a short time frame. Process scheduling is fairly complex, as switching
processes introduces some overhead.
13. What is benchmarking?
Ans: A benchmark uses a specific test program to assess the relative performance of an infrastructure
component. Benchmarking is used to assess the performance characteristics of computer hardware, for
example, the floating-point operation performance or the number of instructions per second of a CPU.
14. Explain the function performed by BOOTP and DHCP?
Ans: BOOTP: stand for Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP). BOOTP automatically assigns IP addresses to hosts. BOOTP
requires manual configuration for each host in the network.
DHCP: stand for (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). DHCP dynamically assigns network related parameters
to hosts: IP addresses,Subnet masks,Default gateway to be used for routing,DNS server to be used.
15. Define RAID?
Ans: Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) solutions can provide high availability of data
and/or improvements of performance through the use of redundant disks. In practice, five RAID levels
are implemented most often: RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10, RAID 5, RAID 6.
16. Define IPV4?
Ans: IPv4 addresses are compared of 4 bytes (32) bits represented by 4 decimal numbers and divided
by a period.
17. What is power density?
Ans: The amount of power available in a datacenter is typically expressed as the number of Kilowatts
per m2. A value of between 2 and 6 kw/m2 is typical in a normal density datacenter. Example: If a HP
DL380 server uses 250W power.
18. What are the metrics of coding?
Ans: code metric is a set of software measures that provide developer better insight into the code they
are developing.
19. Write the categories of end user devices?
Ans: End user devices can be categorized as: Desktop PCs, Laptops, Virtual desktops, Mobile devices,
printers.
20. What is meant by cloud computing?
Ans: Cloud computing is one of the most important paradigm shifts in computing in recent years. cloud
computing is an outsourcing model, in which IT services are provided and paid based on actual on-
demand use, infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) is a specific service model of cloud computing.
21. Write the types of disks?
Ans: Two types of disks are in use today:
Mechanical hard disks
SSD disks
22. How to calculate the IOPS?
Ans: To calculate the IOPS of a disk, the following can be used:
1000
Rotational delay (ms) + Seek time(ms)

M Malik CR 6th semester 03037342175